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2016-2017 Atlanta Urban Debate League
China Politics Disadvantage (Neg & Aff Answers)
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Table of Contents
Negative Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Affirmative Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3
How to Use this File .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Glossary & Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
How to Use the Templates ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Extending Arguments ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Evidence Comparison ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Writing Overviews............................................................................................................................................ 7
***Negative 1NC Shell 1/3***.................................................................................................................................... 8
***Negative 1NC Shell 2/3***.................................................................................................................................... 9
***Negative 1NC Shell 3/3***................................................................................................................................. 10
Answer to Negative Arguments ............................................................................................................................. 12
2NC Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
“They say: No Impact and/or Case Outweighs ” ................................................................................................ 13
“They say No Link- Plan Isn’t Containment” ....................................................................................................... 14
Impact Extension ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Aff answers .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
2AC—We outweigh (MR. T) ................................................................................................................................... 16
2AC—Non- Unique- Xi has no Political Capital Now ...................................................................................... 17
2AC— No Link- Plan Does Not Hurt Creditability .......................................................................................... 18
2AC—Link Turn- Plan Increases Xi’s Credibility ............................................................................................... 19
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Negative Introduction
The story of this disadvantage is that cooperation with the United States will undermine President Xi
Jinping’s domestic economic reform efforts. Currently, President Xi Jinping (pronounced “she jeanping”) of China is embarked on domestic efforts to reform China’s economy, most of which consist of
opening China to market forces and reducing state owned enterprises. However, such reforms are
politically contentious, and require Xi to maintain domestic political strength. Hardliners in China
distrust cooperation with the United States, thus such cooperative efforts will undermine Xi
domestically, derailing his reform efforts, which are the key to China’s economy. Affirmative Introduction
The affirmative can make several answers
1. Xi's creditability is currently low.
2. Xi working with the United States will increase his political creditability
3. The impacts of the TPP case outweighs the impacts of the disadvantage.
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How to Use this File
Added for additional help is a better template on how negative and affirmative
teams should interact with each other’s arguments. This will hopefully help
improve clash and argumentation.
You see things like this – for the negative:
<Insert overview—explain what the Disad says and why the impact is bigger than the
affirmatives impact>
<Insert a reason why their evidence is bad>
<extend your original evidence that answers their argument—see page 6 for how to extend
original evidence>
And, this for the affirmative:
<Insert overview—explain what the affirmative impacts are larger than the disad impacts>
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Glossary & Key Terms
A disadvantage consists of three parts:
1. Uniqueness – a positive or negative fact about the world. In a really good disadvantage, that fact
is currently true, but its future is uncertain.
2. Link – how the plan changes that fact. Additional links, called internal links, connect that change
to the impact.
3. Impact – the result of the fact being changed.
For this disadvantage, those parts take these forms:
1. Uniqueness – President Xi is strongly politically powerful now.
2. Link – China’s participation in the TPP will weaken Xi’s political power.
3. Internal link – Xi’s political power is essential to Chinese economic reform.
4. Impact – Weakening the Chinese economy leads to war.
Glossary
Accrue- accumulate or receive (such payments or benefits).
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) or Communist Party of China (CPC)- political party
of China. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the CCP has been in sole
control of that country’s government.
Clout- influence or power, especially in politics or business.
Encirclement- a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by
enemy forces.
Hardliners- a member of a group, typically a political group, who adheres uncompromisingly to a set
of ideas or policies.
Market based reforms- proposed reforms of the Chinese economy to reduce the influence of the
state in production and business to a more open and market based economy.
Political Capital- the trust, goodwill, and influence a politician has with the public and
other political figures. This goodwill is a type of invisible currency that politicians can use to mobilize
the voting public or spend on policy reform.
People’s Liberation Army – the armed forces of the People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China – official name for the government of China
Xi Jinping- is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's
Republic of China, and the Chairman of China's Central Military Commission.
Vested interests- a personal stake or involvement in an undertaking or state of affairs, especially
one with an expectation of financial gain.
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How to Use the Templates
Extending Arguments
When you make a good argument early in the debate, chances are you'll want to bring it back up again
later in the debate. An “extended” argument is an argument made earlier in a debate that's made again
in a team's next speech. An argument can be extended from the 1AC to the 2AC, the 2AC to the 1AR,
the 1AR to the 2AR, the 1NC to the 2NC/1NR, or the 2NC/1NR to the 2NR.
How is extending an argument different from repeating yourself? Good extensions contain
three elements: an explanation, an impact, and a rebuttal of the other team's
arguments.
•
Explanations are a summary of a previous argument you've made. The best explanations include
both a claim/assertion (what is our argument?) and a warrant/reasoning (how do we know that
argument is true?).
•
“Impacting” an argument means explaining how that argument affects the debate as a whole.
When impacting an argument, ask yourself: if we're right about this argument, how does it tie
back to our central point?
•
Rebutting the other team's arguments can take several forms as follows:
o
o
o
Challenging the date of the evidence (has the status quo changed since their evidence was
produced?)
Challenging qualifications of the author (is this person qualified to speak on this subject or does
this piece of evidence come from a qualified source?).
Challenging the warrants/reasoning made by your opponent (explain why your evidence is good
and why the other team's evidence is flawed. You can also argue that the other team's argument
or evidence doesn't apply to your original argument).
Evidence Comparison
After your constructives, you’ve likely entered a fairly substantial amount of evidence into the debate
round. Often, a card you read will directly contradict with evidence that the other team has read. If only
one of those arguments can be true, how can you make sure the judge is on your side at the end of the
round?
The answer is evidence comparison. It can greatly increase your speaker points if done correctly, and it
doesn’t take too long to do. Instead of just extending a piece of evidence, you can explain why your
argument should be preferred. There are many standards by which one piece of evidence can be better
than another, and here are some examples:
•
Post-dating. If your evidence makes a claim the other team’s author would disagree with, it’s
important to look at when the articles you are debating about were published. If your card
is more recent, it post-dates the other card, which is a reason why a judge could prefer your
argument. However, if the difference is only a few days, or the cards are not about a topic
that changes much over time, a post-date claim would be less convincing and could be easily
answered by the other team.
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•
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Qualifications. It’s also important to compare the experience of those writing the evidence
being debated about. If, for example, the other team reads a newspaper article about why a
war with China could go nuclear, and you read an excerpt from an expert’s book that says it
couldn’t – you can explain that the judge should prefer the more-qualified source. However,
a writer may often cite experts within their text, so it’s important to look beyond the
qualifications after the author’s name.
Writing Overviews
An overview is an explanation of your argument that usually occurs before you answer the other
team’s arguments specifically. An overview should provide a brief explanation of your argument’s story,
be it your affirmative or your disadvantage, along with impact analysis.
“Impact analysis,” also known as “impact comparison,” is the process of comparing reasons why the
plan is good with reasons why the plan is bad. For instance, the affirmative might argue that the plan is
that increased P.E. is good for students and the country in the long-run. At the same time, the negative
might argue that the plan would be bad for country in the long-run because students don’t learn
academics and are less prepared to start a career. Which is more important: a healthy country or
staying competitive in the global job market? Since whoever wins this argument will have a big
advantage in the debate, impact analysis is a vital part of rebuttals.
There are four general reasons why one impact might be more important than
other:
•
Magnitude – how big is an impact? This includes both how many people an impact affects and the
way in which it affects them.
•
Risk – how likely is the impact to occur? Do we know that the impact is going to happen (maybe
because it's already happening), or is a hypothetical future problem?
•
Timeframe – in how long will the impact occur? Impacts that happen farther into the future may
be less likely to occur, since it's often more difficult to make predictions over the long term.
•
Turns the impact/Solves the impact – how does your impact interact with the other team's
impact? For instance: the affirmative might say: “without a healthy lifestyle, preparing for a long
career is pointless since life expectancy will continue decrease.”
The acronym MR. T can help you to remember impact analysis: Magnitude, Risk,
and Timeframe.
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***Negative 1NC Shell 1/3***
First, Uniqueness: Xi has power to force reform now, but it’s based on his
opposition to the United States. Whitehead 16 (Adam, twenty-five years’ experience in capital markets and investment management, in a career that has involved
proprietary trading desks, commodity trading advisors, sovereign wealth funds and private offices. During this time he has had trading
book P&L responsibility, in addition to setting up and managing offices of regulated global financial entities in the UAE, “The Great Chinese
Political Rift,” May 9th 2016, http://seekingalpha.com/article/3973072-great-chinese-political-rift?page=2#)
President Xi's position of control over the Finance Ministry has been bolstered by the
latest reshuffling at the top.Vice Finance Minister Zhu Guangyao has been promoted to a senior
position in the Communist Party's elite financial and economic panel led by President Xi Jinping himself.
In his new Party role, he will serve as a deputy director of the general office of the Central Leading
Group for Financial and Economic Affairs. Since his ministerial role involves him interfacing and
coordinating with G20, his new role allows the President to directly control this
interface function through the Party. Premier Li's attempts to finance training and
entrepreneurship after the mass layoffs in his reforms will therefore be circumscribed by President Xi's
effective control of the Finance Ministry and the Policy Banks. Once again it appears to be a conflict
between Li's economic reforms and Xi's redistribution of wealth. President Xi controls the
finances and occupies the populist moral high ground. Premier Li is the bad guy following
a foreign agenda.
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***Negative 1NC Shell 2/3***
Second, Link: Inclusion in the TPP is perceived as Xi giving in to American
encirclement
Backer 14 (Larry Cata, W. Richard and Mary Eshelman Faculty Scholar & Professor of Law, Professor of International Affairs,
2012-13 Chair, University Faculty Senate, The Pennsylvania State, “THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP: JAPAN, CHINA, THE U.S., AND
THE EMERGING SHAPE OF A NEW WORLD TRADE REGULATORY ORDER,” 13 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 49, p. lexis)
Indeed, Wen Jin Yuan notes the sense among Chinese academic and policy circles that
"the main reason behind the Obama Administration's support for the TPP agenda is the
US's desire to use the TPP as a tool to economically contain China's rise." Wen notes, for
example, reports published in the People's Daily, the official organ of the Chinese Communist Party,
that refer to TPP as "superficially an economic agreement but containing an obvious political
purpose to constrain China's rise." More importantly, a successfully negotiated TPP would
result, according to other Chinese scholars, in trade diversion to the detriment of Chinese economic
interests.Yet, according to Wen's research, United States officials insist that the ultimate goal of the
United States was not containment, but incorporation. The "U.S.'s ultimate goal is to integrate China
into this regional trade system, rather than keeping China out, and the TPP initiative is actually similar to
the strategy led by several U.S. agencies to incorporate China into the WTO system." Yet incorporation
can be understood from the Chinese side as another form of containment. Rather than have China lead
a new effort at refining the rules and culture of trade in the Pacific, it would be forced to
participate as a junior partner in a regulatory exercise directed by the United
States and its principal ally, Japan. For the Chinese, the substantial effect might well be understood as
containment, though that view/perception is lost on the United States.
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***Negative 1NC Shell 3/3***
Third, Internal Link: Xi’s political capital is key to economic reforms that save the
Chinese economy — perception of strength is essential.
Lieberthal 13 (Kenneth Lieberthal, 3/14, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and senior fellow in Foreign Policy and
Global Economy and Development on PBS News Hour, interview with Judy Woodruff, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/janjune13/china_03-14.html)
KENNETH LIEBERTHAL: Well, he's already tried to change the style by being much more of a kind of
lively politician than his predecessor was. But I think Gordon is right. We have to look to see
whether he can forge the kind of consensus to make deep structural reforms in
China that the country deeply needs if it's going to move forward. JUDY WOODRUFF:
For example? KENNETH LIEBERTHAL: For example, they need to shift from an exportoriented and investment-focused economy to one that's much more focused on
domestic consumption as a driver of economic development, which requires expanding the
services sector, increasing incomes and so forth. That runs against huge vested interests in China. So
the question is whether he's going to be able to really rework incentives through
this system so that he can build the services sector, build incomes, reduce huge
capital-intensive infrastructure projects and reduce dependence on exports. JUDY
WOODRUFF: So, looking at him, Gordon Chang, from the United States, what will we see that looks
different, do you think? GORDON CHANG: I think the one thing we have been concerned about is all
that, although he's been in power for only a few months, since last November, when he became generalsecretary of the party, China has engaged on some very provocative maneuvers against the Japanese,
because the Chinese claim sovereignty over the Senkaku islands in the East China Sea. People say that
Xi Jinping is actually leading China's foreign policy on this issue, and if so, we're in trouble, because this
is a very troubled area. JUDY WOODRUFF: And do you believe, Ken Lieberthal, that that's a primary
priority of his? KENNETH LIEBERTHAL: I think his real priority is domestic. What he needs is stability
abroad in order to undertake reform domestically. But his big problem is that he -- that the
Communist Party has really nurtured very ardent nationalism domestically, and he
can't allow himself to get on the wrong side of that or he won't have the political
capital to carry out reforms. So he's trying to walk a tightrope. He has to be seen as
strong in international affairs. But I don't think he's looking for trouble internationally. He'd
rather avoid if it if he can.
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Fourth, Impact: Economic collapse causes CCP regime collapse and multiple
nuclear wars.
Yee & Storey 2 (Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian
Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 (The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, Routledge Curzon, pg 5)
The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of political and
economic collapse in the PRC, resulting in territorial fragmentation, civil war and
waves of refugees pouring into neighbouring countries. Naturally, any or all of these scenarios
would have a profoundly negative impact on regional stability. Today the Chinese
leadership faces a raft of internal problems, including the increasing political demands of its citizens, a
growing population, a shortage of natural resources and a deterioration in the natural environment
caused by rapid industrialisation and pollution. These problems are putting a strain on the central
government's ability to govern effectively. Political disintegration or a Chinese civil war might result in
millions of Chinese refugees seeking asylum in neighbouring countries. Such an unprecedented exodus
of refugees from a collapsed PRC would no doubt put a severe strain on the limited resources of
China's neighbours. A fragmented China could also result in another nightmare scenario nuclear weapons falling into the hands of irresponsible local provincial leaders or
warlords.' From this perspective, a disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its
neighbors and the world.
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Answer to Negative Arguments
2NC Overview
<Insert overview—explain what the Disad says and why the impact is bigger than the
affirmatives impact>
Steps for writing an overview—answer these 3 questions:
1. What is the story or overall point of the DA?
2. Why is the impacts of the disad outweigh the affirmatives impacts?
a) pick one from “MR.T” or use all three but explain
b) make sure you mention all the impacts from all the advantages
3. Why does the Disad impacts cause or prevent the affirmative from solvency its
impact.
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“They say: No Impact and/or Case Outweighs ”
1. <Insert a reason why their evidence is bad i.e.>
(Does their evidence lack warrants/reasoning? Does the evidence assume changes in the status quo? Are their
authors not qualified or not as qualified as your authors? Etc.)
2. <Extend your original evidence that answers their argument—see page 6 for how to extend original
evidence>
3. Xi is focused on the economy and has the credibility to implement reforms now.
Wang 16 (Xiangwei, staff @ South China Morning Post, “Xi Jinping’s supply-side plan now the genuine article of economic reform
for China,” May 16th, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1945530/xi-jinpings-supply-side-plan-now-genuine-article)
Who is in charge of the Chinese economy? If there were still any lingering doubts
over this key question among overseas investors, they should have been removed
after the publication of two significant long pieces in People’s Daily last week. On Monday,
the mouthpiece controlled by the Communist Party’s Central Committee carried a long question and
answer “interview” with an unnamed “authoritative” source, repudiating the country’s debt-fueled
growth policies. On Tuesday, it published the text of a long speech by President Xi Jinping expounding
his hallmark economic policy which focused on supply-side structural reforms – 20,000 words in all
that occupied two pages in the newspaper. Xi gave the speech to top Chinese officials back in January,
but the timing of the publication sent an unmistakable message. Taken together, the articles signal
that Xi has decided to take the driver’s seat to steer China’s economy at a time
when there are intense internal debates among officials over its overall direction – namely
whether to continue to resort to the old ways of deploying massive stimulus resulting in
overproduction and high debt levels, or to undertake painful restructuring to reduce overcapacity and
close down “zombie” enterprises.
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“They say No Link- Plan Isn’t Containment”
1. <Insert a reason why their evidence is bad>
2. <Extend your original evidence that answers their argument—see page 6 for how to extend original
evidence>
3. Inviting China to join is seen as containment through incorporation
Backer 14 (Larry Cata, W. Richard and Mary Eshelman Faculty Scholar & Professor of Law, Professor of International Affairs, 201213 Chair, University Faculty Senate, The Pennsylvania State, “THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP: JAPAN, CHINA, THE U.S., AND THE
EMERGING SHAPE OF A NEW WORLD TRADE REGULATORY ORDER,” 13 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 49, p. lexis)
Chinese hacking of corporate and government networks in the U.S. and other countries appears to be
declining, according to computer-security experts at companies hired to investigate these breaches. The
drop-off is stark and may date back two years. Hackers operating out of China were linked to between 50 and 70 incidents
that the cybersecurity company FireEye Inc. was investigating on a monthly basis in 2013 and the early
part of 2014, said Laura Galante, the company's director of global intelligence. Starting in October 2015,
however, this tally dropped below 10 incidents and hasn't recovered, she said. "We saw this decline start in 2014 and then
another dip in 2015," she said. "I would not necessarily assume that this is a long-term trend," he said. FireEye thinks the decline started earlier and
resulted from multiple factors, including public scrutiny and pressure from the U.S. government. The U.S.
government has long accused Chinese hackers of widespread espionage into both corporate and
government networks. In 2013, security researchers at Mandiant, later acquired by FireEye, published a report detailing a
widespread computer-espionage campaign, called "APT1," that the company linked to the Chinese
military.
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Impact Extension
1. <Insert a reason why their evidence is bad>
2. <Extend your original evidence that answers their argument—see page 6 for how to extend original
evidence.>
3. Economic collapse causes the destruction of China and war with Taiwan
Lewis 10 (Dan, Research Director of Economic Research Council, “The nightmare of a Chinese economic collapse” World Finance,
http://www.worldfinance.com/news/home/finalbell/article117.html)
It has been calculated that to keep China’s society stable – i.e. to manage the transition from a rural to
an urban society without devastating unemployment - the minimum growth rate is 7.2 percent.
Anything less than that and unemployment will rise and the massive shift in population from the
country to the cities becomes unsustainable. This is when real discontent with communist
party rule becomes vocal and hard to ignore. It doesn’t end there. That will at
best bring a global recession. The crucial point is that communist authoritarian states have at
least had some success in keeping a lid on ethnic tensions – so far. But when multi-ethnic communist
countries fall apart from economic stress and the implosion of central power, history suggests that they
don’t become successful democracies overnight. Far from it. There’s a very real chance that
China might go the way of Yugoloslavia or the Soviet Union – chaos, civil unrest
and internecine war. In the very worst case scenario, a Chinese government might
seek to maintain national cohesion by going to war with Taiwan – whom America
is pledged to defend.
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Aff answers
2AC—We outweigh (MR. T)
1. <Insert overview—explain what the affirmative impacts are larger than the disad impacts>
§
(Explain why the impacts of the affirmative either outweigh (magnitude), or are more likely to occur
(Risk), or happen faster (timeframe).
§
(You can also say “why does the affirmative SOLVES the impacts to the Disad”)
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2AC—Non- Unique- Xi has no Political Capital Now
Xi credibility low now.
The Guardian 16 (“China’s Xi Jinping denies House of Cards power struggle but attacks
‘conspirators’, May 4th, http://mindanaoexaminer.com/chinas-xi-jinping-denies-house-of-cards-powerstruggle-but-attacks-conspirators-the-guardian/)
Experts also see Xi’s decision last month to take on the title of commander-in-chief of China’s joint battle command
centre as a potential indicator of trouble at the top. Since coming to power Xi has amassed an unusual plethora of
official titles including general secretary of the Communist party, president of the People’s Republic of China, chairman of the central military
commission, leader of the national security commission and head of the leading group for overall reform. One academic has dubbed him the “chairman of
everything”. Roderick MacFarquhar, a Harvard University expert in elite Communist party politics, said: “Xi Jinping’s donning of uniform and giving him his
new military title is a warning to his colleagues that he has the army behind him. Whether he actually has or not, one doesn’t know. But that is his bulwark,
as it was Mao’s.” However, MacFarquhar said the
new title could be a sign of weakness rather than strength, noting that not even
Mao Zedong had accumulated such a glut of titles. “Chairman Mao never needed titles. Everyone knew who was in
charge,” he said. Xi has made a high-profile anti-corruption campaign one of his administration’s key missions, disciplining hundreds of thousands of
officials, including top party and military figures. But experts say the war on corruption has generated discontent among
officials, caused political paralysis and fueled suspicions Xi is using the campaign as a pretext to purge his
political enemies.
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2AC— No Link- Plan Does Not Hurt Creditability
No Link — dialogue doesn’t cause Anti-American backlash.
Gross 7 (Neil, Asst Pf Sociology @ Harvard, 1/14, “The many stripes of anti-Americanism,”
http://archive.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2007/01/14/the_many_stripes_of_anti_americ
anism/
Second, in most countries, anti-Americanism involves more distrust than outright bias. The distinction is crucial.
Where there is distrust, people may be skeptical of US motives and claims, but are open to considering the
American point of view. Anti-American bias, by contrast, occurs when policies and actions undertaken by the US
government and American corporations are seen as expressions of an unchangeable national identity and
character, such that dialogue over disagreements is deemed to have no value. It is distrust rather than bias that
seems to characterize Chinese anti-Americanism, for example. Political scientists Alastair Johnston and Daniela
Stockmann, who contributed the China chapter, observe that Chinese "amity" toward the United States is in
decline as China asserts itself as a budding superpower. However, Chinese dislike for US economic and cultural
power is "still quite distant from the level of hatred and bias" the Chinese direct at Japan and the Japanese.
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2AC—Link Turn- Plan Increases Xi’s Credibility
Turn — engagement with the US makes Xi look like a co-equal leader with
Obama — it helps his domestic credibility.
Wang 16 Wang Xiangwei, Editor-In-Chief of the South China Morning Post, MA in Journalism, 2016 (“Xi Jinping’s Supply-side Plan Now the Genuine Article
of Economic Reform for China,” South China Morning Post, May 16th, Available Online at www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1945530/xi-jinpingssupply-side-plan-now-genuine-article, Accessed 08-19-2016)
On the slowdown that has appeared sharper than both global markets and Beijing expected, Mr. Xi urged foreign
investors to take the long view and compared the world’s second-largest economy to a vessel in rough seas. Mr. Xi,
who starts his visit in Seattle on Tuesday, played down differences that have unsteadied relations with the U.S., including
cybersecurity and China’s island-building in the South China Sea, saying China isn’t militarily adventurous and wants to
work with Washington to address world challenges. Added to the agenda in recent weeks for Mr. Xi’s summit with
President Barack Obama are concerns about China’s wobbly economy—and whether that’s dented the leadership’s
appetite for economic liberalization. So far, with China’s manufacturing-driven growth model flagging, the shift to
consumer spending and services that the government is trying to engineer hasn’t picked up the slack. Mr. Xi sought to
dispel any concern that China is faltering in its transition toward more sustainable growth: “Like an arrow shot that
cannot be brought back, we will forge ahead against all odds to meet our goals of reform.” On another move that
surprised global markets—a nearly 2% devaluation of China’s currency that fueled concerns about capital flight—Mr.
Xi said the reduction in foreign reserves that followed is normal “and there’s no need to overreact to it.” The lead-up
to summits between the U.S. and China have become fraught in recent years, as have overall relations, as Beijing,
particularly under Mr. Xi, has vigorously sought to use the country’s economic, military and diplomatic clout to further
its increasingly global interests. Calls are rising for the Obama administration to develop better strategies to neutralize
a more assertive China. Still, Messrs. Xi and Obama have used their past summits to project a workmanlike
relationship in public, despite friction in their behind-the-scenes discussions. In the interview, Mr. Xi cited cooperation
on pressing global issues, from agreements to reduce emissions linked to climate change and common efforts in
negotiating limits to Iran’s nuclear program; rather than supplanting the U.S., he said, China wants to work with
Washington on improving global order, he said. “I don’t believe any country is capable of rearranging the architecture
of global governance toward itself,” he said. He later added: “Facts have shown that the interests of China and the U.S.
are increasingly intertwined.” On issues of contention, however, Mr. Xi appeared conciliatory without giving much
ground. He said his government treats all businesses fairly and brushed aside complaints by foreign business
organizations that regulations are being used to hobble foreign firms, particularly U.S. technology companies, and favor
Chinese competitors. Mr. Xi said reclamation and other construction work in the disputed South China Sea that has
alarmed neighbors and the U.S. would serve freedom of navigation—a key U.S. concern—though he didn’t say how. He
also signaled that there would be no let-up in restrictions on the Internet that have blocked several foreign media
sites, including the Journal’s English and Chinese editions. He also backed a proposed law that foreign non-profit
groups say would limit their ability to work with social activists. Mr. Xi tried to counter allegations about the
cybertheft of trade secrets to benefit Chinese companies—a problem the Obama administration is considering using
sanctions to deter—and welcomed greater engagement. “The Chinese government does not engage in theft of
commercial secrets in any form, nor does it encourage or support Chinese companies to engage in such practices in
any way,” Mr. Xi said. “We are ready to strengthen cooperation with the U.S. side on this issue.” Mr. Xi seldom engages
with the international media. For the written interview, the Journal submitted a dozen questions to China’s Ministry of
Foreign Affairs for Mr. Xi. While the ministry acknowledged that officials pulled together facts and research for the
answers, it said Mr. Xi revised and reviewed them. The answers at times glint with the rhetorical flair that has
differentiated President Xi from his immediate predecessors and made him popular among many Chinese. His policies
having met resistance from vested interests, he vows “to crack hard nuts and ford dangerous rapids” in pursuit of
reforms that would rely more on market-based solutions. Overall, though, he made it clear that the government will
maintain firm regulatory hold as it allows markets broader sway in allocating resources. “That means we need to make
good use of both the invisible hand and the visible hand,” he said. His current trip to America—his first formal visit
since taking office nearly three years ago—showcases China’s wider sway in the world as visits by previous Chinese
leaders didn’t. In Seattle, Mr. Xi will see top executives of Apple Inc., Microsoft Corp., Boeing Co. and other U.S.
business giants on Tuesday and Wednesday. Mr. Xi will address U.N. sessions over the weekend, presiding at a panel on
empowering women. In between are his discussions at the White House and with members of Congress—the optics
of which, Chinese and U.S. officials say, are important for his image back home.
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