NCAI Midwest Regional Profile
Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa
MN
WI
MI
IA
IL
Reservationsi
Tribes and People
The Midwest is home to 35
sovereign tribal nations in
the states of Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Iowa, and
Michigan.
Total population (all races)
AIAN Alone or in
Combination (AoiC)
AIAN alone
AIAN in combination
IA, Reservations
Number Percent
1,062
100
Median Age, AIAN alone
MI, Reservations
Number Percent
34,195
100
MN, Reservations
Number Percent
38,210
100
1,004
94.5
6,934
20.3
21,734
56.9
937
67
88.2
6.3
5,792
1142
16.9
3.3
19,859
1875
52
4.9
29.8
x
26.9
x
25.5
x
Reservations
Total population (all races)
AIAN AoiC
AIAN alone
AIAN in combination
Median Age, AIAN alone
WI, Reservations
Number
Percent
38,563
100
17,533
45.5
16,587
43
946
2.5
28.1
x
Midwest Reservations Total
Number
Percent
112,030
47,205
43,175
4,030
x
42.1%
38.5%
3.6%
x
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
IA
Statewideii
Number
3,046,355
24,511
11,084
38
28.1
Total population (all races)
AIAN AoiC
AIAN alone
Median Age, Total
Median Age, AIAN alone
MI
Percent
100
0.8
0.4
x
x
Number
9,883,640
139,095
62,007
38.9
33.5
WI
Statewide
Number
Total population (all races)
AIAN AoiC
AIAN alone
Median Age, Total
Median Age, AIAN alone
Percent
100
1.4
0.6
x
x
MN
Number
Percent
5,303,925
100
101,900
1.9
60,916
1.1
37.4
x
27.6
x
IL
Percent
5,686,986
86,228
54,526
38.5
29.9
Number
100
1.5
1
x
x
Midwest Total
Percent
12,830,632
101,451
43,963
36.6
30.5
Number
100
0.8
0.3
x
x
Percent
36,751,538
453,185
232,496
x
x
100
1.2%
0.6%
x
x
Demographicsiii
These graphical illustrations show the distribution of various age groups in a population. The shape of a
graph conveys the distribution of dependents. (For instance, the figure below shows that 10.4 percent of
AIAN people on Michigan reservations are under 5 years old.) Dependents (including young dependents
under 15 and elderly dependents over 65) rely upon the economically active for economic support. In
the Midwest states, the AIAN population has a higher proportion of young dependents compared to the
White populations of each state.
12
10.4
Michigan
10.6 10.8
10
AIAN Reservations, N =
5,792
8.8
6.9
8
6
4
6.5
6
6.5
6.8
6.3
6.2
6
7.5
Total, N = 9,883,640
7.7
6.9
7.5
AIAN, Statewide, N =
62,007
5.8
6.8
7
6
5.8
6.2
6.7
4.2
5.8
3.1
4.7
2
1.9


Draft
2
1.3
2.6
0

2.5
3.5
0.7
0.9
0.4
In Michigan, about 28 percent of AIAN people were under 18 in 2010 (17,268 out of the total
62,007 AIAN people in Michigan.)
On Michigan reservations, 37 percent of AIAN people were under 18 (2,162 out of 5,792.)
Of the total Michigan population, 24 percent were under 18 in 2010.
Page 2 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
14
Minnesota
12.1
12
AIAN Reservations, N =
19,859
10.9
9.4
10
9.1
Total, N = 5,303,925
7.7
7.7
7
8
6
6.5
6.7 6.7
6.6 6.9 6.7
6.2
7.6
6.7
AIAN, Statewide, N =
60,916
6.6
5.3
7
6.2
4
5.6
4.9
3.8
5.8
4.8
5.4
2.9
4.1
2
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.9 1.3
0
1.3
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.1



12
In Minnesota, 32 percent of the AIAN population was under 18 years old in 2010 (20,070 out of
the 60,916 AIAN people in Minnesota.)
On Minnesota reservations, 38 percent of the 19,859 AIAN people were under 18.
Of the total Minnesota population, 24 percent was under 18 in 2010.
Wisconsin
10.5
9.8
10
WI, AIAN Reservations, N =
16587
9.1 9.6
7.1
8
6
6.2 6.1
6.3 6.5
6.6
7
6.8
6.7
7.1
6.5
5.8
4
6.1
7.7
6.2
7.7
WI Total, N = 5,686,986
6.8
WI, AIAN, Statewide, N =
54,526
5.5
6.5
4
5.5
3.1
4.7
3.9
2
2.5
3.3
1.3
2.2 1.4
0



Draft
2.1
0.7
0.4
0.8
0.2
In Wisconsin, 31 percent (16,856 AIAN people) were under 18, out of the 54,526 AIAN people
statewide.
On Wisconsin reservations, 35 percent (5,856 AIAN people) were under 18 out of the 16,587
AIAN people on reservations.
Of the total Wisconsin population, 24 percent was under 18 in 2010.
Page 3 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
12
9.5
10
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Iowa
9.2
AIAN, Res, N = 937
9.9
8.8
8.5
8
6
6.9
6.6
6.6
6.6
7.1
7.3
6.8
7.4
7.1
7.3
Total, N = 3,046,355
6.7
7
6.5 6.1
5.8
4.1
6.4
6.2
AIAN, Statewide, N =
11,084
5.5
6.9
4
3.3
4.5
2.7
2.3
1.5
3.3
2
1.8 1.4
0
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.2
0.1
In Iowa, 33 percent of the 11,084 AIAN people were under the age of 18 in 2010. That compares to 24
percent of the total population of Iowa under 18.
10
9
8.5
8.8
Illinois
8.5
8.4
7.3
8
7
6
5
4
7.9 8.1
AIAN = 43,963
7.2
7.3
7.3
Total = 12,830,632
6.3
7.2
6.5 6.7
8.1
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.7
6.7 6.8
7.2
5.2
6.3
3.8
4.9
2.8
3
3.4
2.3
2
1.8
1.2
2.2
1
0.6
1.5
0.9
0
0.6
0.3
0.2
In Illinois, 31 percent (13,475 AIAN people) of the AIAN population (43,963) was under the age 18 in
2010, compared to 24 percent of the total Illinois population.
Draft
Page 4 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Child Welfare
Disproportionality is the level at which groups of children are present in the child welfare system at
higher or lower percentages or rates than in the general population.
The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published a “disproportionality index,” a measure of the
degree a given jurisdiction is disproportionate.1 The index is calculated by dividing the proportion of children in
foster care for a given race by the proportion of the same group in the child population. The resulting ratios that
are under 1 indicate underrepresentation, ratios of 1.0 indicate no disproportionality, and scores of 1.1 and
greater indicate overrepresentation. Disproportionality scores are calculated for the number of children “entering”
care, “exiting” care, and “remaining” in care at the end of the year. 2
The following figures show the disproportionality indexes for the Midwest states. Minnesota had the
highest AIAN disproportionality index in 2012 among the Midwest states.
100%
90%
0.3%
1.6%
8.7%
7.5%
Iowa
1.6%
1.90%
8.4%
8.6%
Iowa Disproportionality Index, 2012
AIAN
80%
70%
AIAN
60%
Asian/PI
50%
81.5%
66.4%
65.1%
67.7%
40%
Asian/PI
Hispanic
Exits
In care
Hispanic
Entries
White
30%
Black
White
20%
Black
10%
4.1%
0%
Population
12.9%
13.7%
13.3%
Entries
In care
Exits
0
1
2
3
4
5
Overrepresentation
In Iowa, AIAN children represent 0.3 percent of the
child population, but 1.5 percent of the foster care
population, resulting in a 4.5 disproportionality index
in 2012 (the index was calculated by 1.6/.3).
1
Disproportionality Index
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/Pacific Islander
AIAN
Entries
3.2
0.8
0.9
0.6
4.6
In care
3.4
0.8
1
0.7
4.5
Exits
3.2
0.8
1
0.5
5.5
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ), Disproportionality Rates for Children of Color in Foster Care, 2012
2
These calculations require (1) the child population (by race) for any given state or jurisdiction, available from the 2010 census data; and (2)
the number of children in the child welfare system (by race), available from the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect’s Adoption
and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS).
Draft
Page 5 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Michigan Disproportionality Index, 2012
Michigan
0.6%
7.3%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0.80%
4.3%
1.2%
5.1%
1.10%
5.4%
AIAN
AIAN
46.1%
53.0%
Asian/PI
Exits
47.2% Asian/PI
68.7%
Hispanic
In care
Hispanic
Entries
White
37.4%
29.4%
White
Black
35.6%
Black
16.4%
Population Entries
In care
Exits
0
1
2
3
Overrepresentation
In Michigan, AIAN children represent 0.6 percent of
the child population, but 0.8 percent of the foster
care population, resulting in a 1.3 disproportionality
index in 2012 (the index was calculated by 0.6/0.8).
Disproportionality Index
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
AIAN
1.4%
7.9%
12.5%
7.0%
73.4%
41.4%
18.8%
Exits
2.2
0.7
0.7
0.1
1.7
AIAN
9.6%
7.9%
5.6%
40.8%
In care
2.3
0.7
0.6
0.1
1.3
Minnesota Disproportionality Index, 2012
Minnesota
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Entries
1.8
0.8
0.7
0.1
1.9
AIAN
Asian/PI
Exits
Asian/PI
43.6%
Hispanic
Hispanic
White
In care
Entries
White
Black
21.9%
18.4%
21.8%
Population Entries
In care
Exits
7.4%
Black
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Overrepresentation
In Minnesota, AIAN children represent 1.4 percent of the child
population, but 18.8 percent of the foster care population,
resulting in a 13.9 disproportionality index in 2012 (the index
was calculated by 18.8/1.4). In the last decade, Minnesota
saw an increase in its AIAN disproportionality index, which
rose 72 percent since 2000, increasing from 8.1 to 13.9.iv
Draft
Page 6 of 26
Disproportionality
Index
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
AIAN
Entries
In care
Exits
3
0.6
0.9
0.6
9.2
2.5
0.6
0.7
0.4
13.9
3
0.6
1
0.6
7
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Wisconsin
Wisconsin Disproportionality Index, 2012
100%
1.1%
5.4%
4.3%
5.0%
90%
10.2%
9.4%
8.6%
9.3%
80%
AIAN
70%
60%
50%
AIAN
44.9%
47.6%
46.9%
73.5%
Hispanic
40%
White
30%
Black
20%
10%
0%
33.2%
27.7%
Asian/PI
Asian/PI
Exits
Entries
White
30.4%
Black
8.7%
Population
In care
Hispanic
Entries
In care
Exits
0
1
2
3
4
5
Overrepresentation
In Wisconsin, AIAN children represent 1.1 percent of
the child population, but 4.3 percent of the foster care
population, resulting in a 4.1 disproportionality index in
2012 (the index was calculated by 4.3/1.1)
Disproportionality Index
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
AIAN
Entries
3.2
0.6
0.9
0.4
5.1
In care
3.8
0.6
0.8
0.3
4.1
Exits
3.5
0.6
0.9
0.2
4.7
Illinois
100%
0.1%
90%
80%
0.2%
5.6%
0.1%
4.0%
46.1%
40.0%
45.0%
Hispanic
53.0%
43.8%
20%
Asian/PI
Exits
Hispanic
In care
White
30%
10%
AIAN
Asian/PI
60%
40%
AIAN
23.1%
70%
50%
Illinois Disproportionality Index, 2012
0.1%
4.6%
52.2%
46.2%
Black
Entries
White
Black
16.5%
0%
Population
Entries
In care
Exits
0
In Illinois, , AIAN children represent 0.1 percent of the
child population and 0.1 percent of the foster care
population, which results in no disproportionality for
AIAN children in Illinois in 2012.
Draft
Page 7 of 26
Disproportionality Index
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
AIAN
1
Entries
2.7
0.9
0.2
0.1
1.1
2
3
In care
3.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.8
Exits
2.8
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.5
4
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Educational Attainment
The figure below shows the percentage of persons age 25 and over with high school completion or
higher and a bachelor's or higher degree, by state in the Midwest region. In Minnesota, about 11
percent of AIAN persons 25 and older have a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 32 percent of the
total Minnesota population. In Illinois (which has no reservations in the state), about 22 percent of AIAN
people 25 and older has a bachelor’s degree or higher.
100
90.5
90
90.4
91.4
88.6
80
85.6
84.1
85.1
79.8
70
Percent
89.9
86.5
Total % with HS or
Higher
AIAN % with HS or
Higher
Total % with
Bachelors or Higher
AIAN % with
Bachelors or Higher
60
50
40
30
31.8
30.5
25.0
25.8
25.2
20
10
21.8
16.9
11.5
11.1
13.2
Michigan
Minnesota
Wisconsin
0
Illinois
Iowa
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 2008-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 3-Year Public Use Microdata
Sample (PUMS) data. (This table was prepared August 2012 by the National Center for Education Statistics.)
The following figures3 show more detail of highest level of education attained for AIAN people 25 and
over compared to the total population in each state. In Iowa, 10 percent of the 5,608 AIAN people have
a bachelor’s degree, 3 percent have a graduate or professional degree, and 23 percent have less than a
high school diploma or equivalent. In Iowa, 10 percent of AIAN people (25 and over) have less than a 9th
grade education.
40%
34%
35%
Iowa
30%
Total, N = 1,985,012
27%
AIAN, N = 5,608
30%
25%
21%
20%
15%
10%
10%
5%
17%
13%
4%
10%
6%
10%
7%
8%
3%
0%
Less than 9th 9th to 12th
grade
grade, no
diploma
HS or
Equivalent
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Graduate or
professional
degree
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006 - 2010 , 5-Year Estimates, Table DP02
3
Confidence intervals are displayed at the 90-percent confidence level. A 90-percent confidence interval can be interpreted roughly as
providing 90 percent certainty that the interval defined by the upper and lower bounds contains the true value of the characteristic.
Draft
Page 8 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
In Michigan, for 8 percent of the 33,545 AIAN persons over 25 have, the highest level of education was a
bachelor’s degree, compared to 16 percent of the total population with a bachelor’s degree. For four
percent of AIAN people 25 and over, the highest level of education was a graduate or professional
degree.
40%
35%
35%
Michigan
32%
Total, N = 6,561,843
AIAN, N = 33,545
28%
30%
23%
25%
20%
8%
10%
5%
16%
14%
15%
4%
8% 7%
5%
10%
8%
4%
0%
Less than 9th
grade
9th to 12th
grade, no
diploma
HS or
Equivalent
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Graduate or
professional
degree
In Minnesota, for 8 percent of the 30,545 AIAN people 25 and over, the highest level of education
attained was a bachelor’s degree, and for 4 percent, a graduate or professional degree, which were
comparable proportions to Michigan’s AIAN population for the corresponding levels of education.
Fifteen percent of AIAN people in Minnesota (25 and over) had only a 9-12th grade education, compared
to 5 percent of the total population in Minnesota.
40%
Minnesota
35%
32%
Total, N = 3,450,999
28%
30%
27%
22%
25%
20%
21%
15%
15%
10% 9%
10%
5%
AIAN, N = 30,545
4% 4%
8%
5%
10%
4%
0%
Less than 9th
grade
9th to 12th
grade, no
diploma
HS or
Equivalent
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006 - 2010 , 5-Year Estimates, Table DP02
Draft
Page 9 of 26
Graduate or
professional
degree
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
In Wisconsin, for 7 percent of the 28,760 AIAN people (25 and over) the highest level of education
attained was a bachelor’s degree, for 4 percent, a graduate or professional degree, for 9 percent, an
associate’s degree, for 27 percent, some college but no degree, and for 35 percent, a high school
diploma or equivalent.
40%
34%
35%
35% Wisconsin
30%
Total, N = 3,739,243
27%
25%
AIAN, N = 28,760
21%
20%
17%
13%
15%
10%
9% 9%
7%
7%
4%
4% 4%
5%
9%
0%
Less than
9th grade
9th to 12th
grade, no
diploma
HS or
Some college, Associate's
Equivalent
no degree
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Graduate or
professional
degree
The last figure shows the highest level of educational attainment of the AIAN populations of each
Midwest state for comparisons across states.
40%
Educational Attainment for AIAN People (25 and over) by State
35%
Illinois, N = 16,190 AIAN
30%
Iowa, N = 5,608 AIAN
25%
MI, N = 33,545 AIAN
MN, N = 30,545 AIAN
20%
35
15%
29 30
35
WI, N = 28,760 AIAN
27 28 27 27
22
10%
5%
32
13 13 14
9 10
15
13
10
5 4 4
7 7
9 9 11 10 8 8 7
7
3 4 4 4
0%
Less than 9th
grade
9th to 12th
grade, no
diploma
HS or Equivalent Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006 - 2010 , 5-Year Estimates, Table DP02
Draft
Page 10 of 26
Bachelor's
degree
Graduate or
professional
degree
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Computer and Internet
The figures below show the percentages of households by race by state with a computer, computer with
access to broadband, a computer with no internet, and households without a computer. Of the
Midwest states, Minnesota has the most AIAN households without access to a computer (about 23
percent or 12,628 AIAN households). AIAN households in Minnesota also have the lowest percentage of
access to broadband of the Midwest states.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
92%
90%
86%
79%
89%
83%
77%
81% 80%
68%
69%
60%
Total
AIAN
23%
15%
10%
Has PC
PC with
PC, No
broadband Internet
No PC
Michigan, AIAN N = 51,822
100%
7%
Has PC
8%
PC with
PC, No
broadband Internet
8%
No PC
Has PC
Minnesota, AIAN N = 56,057
90% 87%
90%
19%
16%
14%
10%
79%
80%
Wisconsin, AIAN N = 47,840
66%
70%
60%
50%
Total
AIAN
18%
40%
30%
20%
7%
10%
12%
10%13%
9%
14%
11%
0%
Has PC
PC with
broadband
PC, No
Internet
No PC
Has PC
Illinois, AIAN, N = 25,025
Draft
PC with
broadband
PC, No
Internet
Iowa, AIAN N = 7,161
Page 11 of 26
11%
PC with
PC, No
broadband Internet
89%
86%
82% 74%
12%
No PC
No PC
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Economic Characteristics
The Census definition of unemployment differs from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) measure of
unemployment. Persons are considered by BIA as "unemployed" if they are thought to be available for
work, but not employed. This more realistic approach differs from the definition of unemployment in
the Census Bureau data which requires that a person be "actively seeking work" within the last four
weeks to be counted as unemployed. The Census definition does not take into account job seeking
patterns where persons do not actively search for work when they know it is not available, common for
many reservation areas. With that caveat, below is the percent unemployed according to the 5 year
estimate (2006-2010) for the Midwest states.
Percent Unemployed
25%
16%
20%
18%
17%
17%
19%
16%
12%
15%
14%
12%
9%
10%
7%
6%
5%
5%
0%
Total
AIAN
Total
Illinois
AIAN
Total
Iowa
AIAN
AIAN
rural
Total
Michigan
AIAN
AIAN
rural
Total
MN
AIAN
AIAN
rural
WI
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Median Household Income ($)
70,000
60,000
57,243
55,735
45,983
50,000
51,598
48,432
48,872
37,314 40,918
40,000
32,257
35,349 34,811
31,033 31,910
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Total
AIAN
Illinois
Total
AIAN
Iowa
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
Total
Michigan
AIAN
AIAN
rural
MN
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
WI
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Median household income is shown in the figure above. AIAN households in Illinois have the highest
median household income among the Midwest states, yet the median income for the total population in
Illinois is still 21 percent more that the AIAN median amount. The ratio of AIAN median household
income to the median of total households income in Wisconsin is 69 percent ; in Minnesota, the AIAN
median income is 54 percent of the median for all households; the AIAN median income is 66 percent of
the overall median; and
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NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Median Annual Earnings and Gender Earnings Ratio for Full-Time Workers
The figure below shows the median annual earnings for men and women for AIAN and total full time
workers in the Midwest states (except Iowa due to large margins or error). The figure shows that the
gender wage gap is smaller for AIAN full-time workers in most Midwest states except Illinois, where the
AIAN percentage of female to male earnings is the same as the statewide percentage (75 percent).
Women of all groups earn less than men of the same group, with the female/male earnings ratios
ranging from a low of 72 percent in Michigan to a high of 87percent for AIAN workers in Minnesota.
In Minnesota, the ratio of AIAN women’s to AIAN men’s earnings (87 percent) is higher than the ratio
statewide (77 percent). The gap is not as large between male and female earnings for AIAN full-time
workers as it is for the total population. AIAN women workers in Minnesota make 80 percent of the
overall median of female earnings in the state, whereas the median for AIAN men is 71 percent of the
statewide median for male earnings.
80,000
100%
70,000
60,000
79%
84%
77%
75%
72%
50,208
75%
75%
45,920
36,157
38,201
38,546
30,125
35,467
31,024
80%
70%
50,845
49,896
50,000
40,000
90%
60%
34,367 35,748
30,173
37,916
40,145
50%
30,013
30,000
40%
30%
20,000
20%
10,000
10%
0
0%
Total
AIAN
Michigan
Total
AIAN
Total
Minnesota
AIAN
Total
Wisconsin
Male, Median Earnings (dollars)
AIAN
Illinois
Female Median Earnings (dollars)
Female Earnings as % of Male Earnings
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
State
Race
Male Median Earnings
Female Median Earnings
Female as % of Male Earnings
Draft
Michigan
Total
AIAN
50,208 38,201
36,157 30,125
72.0%
78.9%
Minnesota
Total
AIAN
49,896 35,467
38,546 31,024
77.3%
87.5%
Page 13 of 26
Wisconsin
Total
AIAN
45,920 35,748
34,367 30,173
74.8%
84.4%
Illinois
Total
AIAN
50,845 40,145
37,916 30,013
74.6%
74.8%
Female Earnings as % of Male Earnings
87%
NCAI Policy Research Center
$60,000
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Comparisons of Median Annual Earnings for AIAN Full-Time Workers
$50,000
24%
$40,000
29%
40%
21%
22%
38%
41%
34%
$30,000
$50,208
$20,000
$49,896
$38,201
$35,467
$30,125
$50,845
$45,920
$31,024
$35,748
$40,145
$30,173
$30,013
$10,000
$0
All Races
Male
AIAN
Male
AIAN All Races
Female Male
AIAN
Male
AIAN All Races
Female Male
AIAN
Male
AIAN All Races
Female Male
Michigan Median Earnings Minnesota Median Earnings Wisconsin Median Earnings
AIAN
Male
AIAN
Female
Illinois Median Earnings
The figure above shows AIAN men’s and women’s median earnings compared to the median earnings
for male full-time workers in respective states. In Michigan, AIAN men make 24 percent less than the
median for all male full-time workers and AIAN women make 40 percent less. The smallest gap is
between Illinois AIAN male workers, but not so for AIAN women in Illinois who haven’t closed that gap
yet.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
77%
76% 76%
Percentages of Michigan Households by Income Types
MI Total
MI AIAN
30%
27%
25%
MI AIAN rural
22%
24%
17%
16%
4% 7% 7%
With earnings
With Social
Security
With
retirement
income
4% 6% 5%
19%
13%
With
With cash
With Food
Supplemental public assistance Stamp/SNAP
Security Income
income
benefits in the
past 12 months
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
In Minnesota, 31 percent of AIAN households receive SNAP, 18 percent received cash public assistance,
9 percent received retirement income, and 9 percent received SSI.
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Page 14 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
82%79%
78%
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Percentages of Minnesota Households by Income Types
MN Total
MN AIAN
MN AIAN rural
25% 23%
20%
With earnings
With Social
Security
31%
26%
15%
9% 10%
3%
18%14%
9% 8%
6%
3%
With retirement
With
With cash public
With Food
income
Supplemental
assistance
Stamp/SNAP
Security Income
income
benefits in the
past 12 months
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Three figures on the next page show percentages of households by income type for Wisconsin, Illinois, and
Iowa.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
81%83% 81%
Percentages of Wisconsin Households by Income Types
WI Total
WI AIAN
27%
WI AIAN rural
21% 22%
21% 20%
17%
9% 9%
With earnings
With Social
Security
With
retirement
income
3%
8% 7%
2%
5% 7%
8%
With
With cash
With Food
Supplemental public assistance Stamp/SNAP
Security Income
income
benefits in the
past 12 months
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
81% 83%
Percentages of Illinois Households by Income Types
Illinois Total
26%
Illinois AIAN
22%
16% 13%
3%
With earnings
With Social
Security
With
retirement
income
7%
2% 4%
17%
With
With cash
With Food
Supplemental public assistance Stamp/SNAP
Security Income
income
benefits in the
past 12 months
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Draft
9%
Page 15 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Percentages of Iowa Households by Income Types
81% 83%
Iowa Total
Iowa AIAN
29%
27%
18%
16%
9%
With earnings
With Social
Security
3%
With
retirement
income
7%
2%
9%
6%
With
With cash
With Food
Supplemental public assistance Stamp/SNAP
Security Income
income
benefits in the
past 12 months
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year, Table DP03
Poverty
The following figure displays percentages of families in poverty by Midwest states. Almost half of AIAN
families in Minnesota with children younger than 18 years old were in poverty over the 2006-2010 period.
60%
Families in Poverty
50%
45%
All families
40%
30%
21%
20%
20%
10%
14%
31%
29%
20%
28%
17%
13%
11%
7%
11%
7%
26%
23%
17%
13%
9%
35%
35%
29%
15%
38%
39%
With children < 18 years
8%
0%
Total
AIAN
Illinois
Total
AIAN
Iowa
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
Total
Michigan
AIAN
AIAN
rural
MN
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Draft
Page 16 of 26
Total
AIAN
WI
AIAN
rural
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
The next figure shows percentage of individuals in poverty by state.
Individuals in Poverty
60%
All people
50%
45%
43%
Under 18 years
39%
37%
40%
31%
27% 30%
30%
20%
18%
24%
20%
19%
21%
15%
12%
13%
39%
35%
28%
24%
30%
20%
15%
16%
12%
14%
11%
10%
0%
Total
AIAN
Illinois
Total
AIAN
Iowa
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
Michigan
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
MN
Total
AIAN
AIAN
rural
WI
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Michigan had the lowest percentage of AIAN individuals in poverty, at 24 percent, but still one and a half
times the rate for the total Michigan population. Minnesota had the highest percent of AIAN people in
poverty at 37 percent compared to 11 percent of the total Minnesota population. For people under 18,
the percentage of AIAN people in poverty was almost half, compared to 14 percent for the same age
group, all races, statewide.
About the American Community Survey (ACS): ACS produces period estimates of socioeconomic and housing characteristics
which describe the average characteristics of an area over a specific time period. The survey collects information nearly every
day of the year and then aggregates the results over a 1, 3, or 5 year period. The multiyear estimates describe the population
and characteristics of an area for the full period, as opposed to a point in time. Multiyear estimates are the only type of
estimates available for geographic areas with populations of less than 65,000, which describes most tribal geographies and
AIAN village- and reservation-level populations. Multiyear estimates, based on larger sample sizes, are more reliable for AIAN
populations.
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Page 17 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Employment by Industry Sector
Michigan, Industry of Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over
Public administration
14%
10%
4%
3%
4%
5%
Other services, except public administration
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
21%
20%
9%
Educational services, and health care and
social assistance
18%
4%
Professional, scientific, and management,
and administrative and waste management…
23%
6%
9%
3%
3%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and
rental and leasing
6%
MI AIAN rural, N = 7,361
1%
2%
2%
Information
19%
MI AIAN, N = 20,958
4%
4%
4%
Transportation and warehousing, and
utilities
MI Total, N = 4,369,785
10%
11%
12%
Retail trade
1%
1%
Wholesale trade
3%
10%
12%
Manufacturing
Construction
5%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and
mining
1%
0%
7%
18%
8%
3%
2%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year, Table DP03
The figure above shows that in the state of Michigan, the top employer of the 20,958 American
Indian/Alaska Native civilian workers (age 16 and over) is the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, and Food
Services industry category (20 percent). The second category employing AIAN workers is Educational
services, Health Care and Social Assistance.
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Page 18 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Minnesota, Industry of Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over
Public administration
10%
3%
12%
3%
4%
4%
Other services, except public administration
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
20%
8%
Educational services, and health care and social
assistance
23%
24%
5%
Professional, scientific, and management, and
administrative and waste management services
4%
4%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental
and leasing
7%
MN AIAN rural, N = 9,115
MN AIAN, N = 19,420
MN Total, N = 2,730,721
3%
3%
5%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
28%
7%
9%
1%
1%
2%
Information
26%
8%
10%
12%
Retail trade
1%
1%
3%
Wholesale trade
Manufacturing
6%
6%
Construction
6%
6%
6%
14%
2%
2%
2%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and
mining
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
In Minnesota, the industries employing most AIAN workers 16 years and older is Educational Services,
Healthcare, and Social Assistance (26 percent of the 19,420 AIAN employed civilians). The same
category is the highest employer for the total Minnesota population of civilian workers. Whereas
Manufacturing is the second industry category employing Minnesota workers, for AIAN workers, Arts,
Entertainment, Recreation, and Foods Services is the second highest industry category.
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Page 19 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Wisconsin, Industry of Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over
Public administration
13%
11%
4%
3%
3%
4%
Other services, except public administration
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
25%
23%
8%
21%
20%
22%
Educational services, and health care and social
assistance
2%
Professional, scientific, and management, and
administrative and waste management services
5%
3%
4%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental
and leasing
8%
6%
WI AIAN rural = 9,997
1%
1%
2%
Information
WI AIAN, N = 19,726
4%
5%
5%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
WI Total, N = 2,869,310
9%
10%
12%
Retail trade
1%
1%
Wholesale trade
3%
10%
Manufacturing
12%
19%
6%
5%
6%
Construction
3%
2%
3%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and
mining
0%
10%
20%
30%
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
In Wisconsin, Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, and Foods Services is the largest percentage industry
category employing AIAN workers (16 years and older).
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Page 20 of 26
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Illinois, Industry of Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over
4%
4%
Public administration
5%
5%
Other services, except public administration
12%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
9%
19%
22%
Educational services, and health care and social
assistance
Professional, scientific, and management, and
administrative and waste management services
10%
11%
4%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental
and leasing
8%
2%
2%
Information
6%
6%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
Illinois AIAN, =
10,956
Illinois Total, N =
6,062,848
10%
11%
Retail trade
4%
3%
Wholesale trade
Manufacturing
13%
18%
5%
6%
Construction
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and
mining
1%
1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
Draft
Page 21 of 26
25%
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Iowa, Industry of Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over
4%
3%
Public administration
3%
4%
Other services, except public
administration
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
18%
8%
17%
24%
Educational services, and health care and
social assistance
Professional, scientific, and management,
and administrative and waste…
7%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and
rental and leasing
7%
4%
8%
1%
2%
Information
Transportation and warehousing, and
utilities
Iowa AIAN, N = 3,543
4%
5%
Iowa Total, N = 1,553,594
10%
12%
Retail trade
2%
3%
Wholesale trade
21%
Manufacturing
15%
6%
Construction
6%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting,
and mining
3%
4%
0%
10%
20%
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03
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Page 22 of 26
30%
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Housing Characteristics
Housing tenure identifies whether a unit is owner-occupied or renter-occupied. The homeownership
rate is the proportion of households that is owner-occupied, calculated by dividing the number of
households occupied by owners by the total number of occupied households.
90%
80%
owned free
and clear
17%
20%
18%
70%
18%
21%
60%
15%
8%
64%
60%
51%
48%
38%
58%
50%
56%
30%
60%
47% 45%
36%
24%
19%
40%
50%
34%
34%
20%
14%
16%
16%
owned w
mortgage
or a loan
50%
23%
23%
20%
10%
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
Renter
Owner
0%
White, N = AIAN, N White, N = AIAN, = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N =
7,746,860 =60,122 4,487,899 56,653 4,843,757 52,078 2,729,726 10,092 9,087,747 42,757
Michigan
MN
WI
IA
IL
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Summary File 1, Table H11C
Selected Housing Characteristics
45%
0 vehicles
42%
42%
42%
1 vehicle
38%
34%
40%
35%
32%
35%
17%
15%
6%
17%
16%
12%
12%
5%
33%
22%
22%
20%
10%
38%
27%
23%
21%
3 or more
31%
29%
30%
25%
2 vehicles
6%
5%
0%
White, N =
3,152,655
White, N =
1,882,012
White, N =
2,053,120
Michigan
MN
WI
AIAN, N = 19,923 AIAN, N = 19,075 AIAN, N = 17,991
Michigan
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
Draft
Page 23 of 26
MN
WI
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
0 vehicles
1 vehicle
2 vehicles
3 or more
50%
45%
40%
38%
40%
40%
32%32%
33%
35%
30%
29%
30%
26%
25%
21%
19%
20%
17%
15%
15%
15%
8%
10%
5%
5%
0%
White, N =
3627325
White, N =
1,145,163
AIAN, N = 8,722
AIAN, N = 3,243
Illinois
Iowa
Illinois
Iowa
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
In the Midwest, very few houses lack complete kitchen facilities, AIAN or White. More AIAN households
lacked telephone service proportionally, however, compared to White households in the Midwest
states.
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
Lacking complete kitchen facilities
No telephone service available
7.3%
7.0%
7.1%
6.5%
6.1%
4.1%
0.6%
0.9%
3.0%
2.6%
2.5%
1.3%
0.5%
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%
3.0%
1.1%
0.7%
0.7%
White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N =
3,152,655 19,923 1,882,012 19,075 2,053,120 17,991 3,627,325
8,722
1,145,163
3,243
Michigan
MN
WI
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
Draft
Page 24 of 26
Illinois
Iowa
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
Occupants-per-room is obtained by dividing the number of people in each occupied housing unit by the
number of rooms in the unit. The figures show the number of occupied housing units having the
specified ratio of people per room. Although the Census Bureau has no official definition of crowded
units, many users consider units with more than one occupant per room to be crowded. Of the Midwest
states, AIAN households in Minnesota have the highest percentage of overcrowding, with about 8
percent of the 19,075 houses having more than one person per room.
9%
Occupants per room
5.5%
1.01 to 1.50
8%
5.9%
7%
1.51 or more
6%
4.0%
5%
2.9%
4%
2.4%
3%
2%
1.0%
1%
0.7%
0.2%
2.0%
0.9%
0.2%
0.8%
0.2%
1.7%
1.4%
0.6%
1.1%
0.4%
0.8%
0.2%
0%
White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N =
3,152,655 19,923 1,882,012 19,075 2,053,120 17,991 3,627,325
8,722
1,145,163
3,243
Michigan
MN
WI
Illinois
Iowa
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
House Value
The figure below shows the median value of owner-occupied units in the Midwest.
250,000
Median (dollars)
206,300
202,200
200,000
170,900
162,900
149,500
150,000
106,300
111,800
119,800
119,700
82,700
100,000
50,000
0
White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N = White, N = AIAN, N =
2,498,541 12,262 1,461,456 8,848 1,493,902 8,613 2,747,200 4,970
858,713
1,531
Michigan
MN
WI
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
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Page 25 of 26
Illinois
Iowa
NCAI Policy Research Center
Midwest Regional Data Profile
30%
26%
25%
23%
20%
25% Michigan
18%
20%
17%
14%
15%
10%
Michigan White, N = 2,498,541
Michigan AIAN, N = 12,262
20%
10%
9%
9%
3%
5%
3%
1%
1% 1%
0%
Less than $50,000 to $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $300,000 $500,000 $1,000,000
$50,000
$99,999 to $149,999 to $199,999 to $299,999 to $499,999 to $999,999 or more
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
30%
23%
22%
25%
Minnesota
20%
20%
MN White, N = 1,461,456
MN AIAN, N = 8,848
20%
17%
13%
14%
15%
10%
28%
13%
9%
6%
5%
5%
6%
3%
1% 1%
0%
Less than $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $300,000 $500,000
$50,000 to $99,999
to
to
to
to
to
$1,000,000
$149,999 $199,999 $299,999 $499,999 $999,999 or more
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
35%
Wisconsin
26%
30%
25%
22%
20%
13%
15%
WI White, N = 1,493,902
WI AIAN, N = 8,613
25%
22%
23%
18%
13%
11%
12%
10%
5%
5%
4%
3% 2%
1% 1%
0%
Less than $50,000 to $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $300,000 $500,000 $1,000,000
$50,000
$99,999 to $149,999 to $199,999 to $299,999 to $499,999 to $999,999 or more
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, Table DP04
i
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, Summary File, Table DP-1
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, Summary File 1, Table DP-1
iii
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, Summary File 1, Table QT-P1
ii
iv
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ), Disproportionality Rates for Children of Color in Foster Care, 2012
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