Des Plaines Fire
Department
Hazardous Materials Operations Refresher
Program
• In our organization, we are trained to:
• NFPA 472 – Standard for Competence of Responders to
Hazardous Material/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents
• OSHA HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and
Emergency Response) standard 29 CFR 1910.120
• All DPFD personnel are trained to meet the minimum standard
of the Hazmat Operations role. This role allows us to
implement/support actions to protect nearby persons, the
environment, or property from the effects of release of a
hazardous material
Overview: Standards
• Analyze the scene of a hazardous materials/WMD incident to
determine the scope of the emergency
• Survey the scene to identify containers and materials involved
• Collect information from available reference sources
• Predict the likely behavior of a hazardous material
• Estimate the potential harm the substances might cause
• Plan a response to the release, including selection of the correct
level of personal protective clothing
• Perform decontamination
• Preserve evidence
• Evaluate the status and effectiveness of the response
Overview: Core Tasks
• Estimating the Potential Harm
• Identify a resource for determining the size of an
endangered area of a hazardous materials incident
• Using readily available reference sources, identify initial
containment and isolation zones for products identified
Primary Responsibilities
• Identification of Possible Hazard Sources
• For a given response identify what actions would be taken
for a product release/leak
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Response route based on weather conditions
Staging locations
Product location
Water supply options
Possible evacuation distances
Notification procedures for Technician Level response
Primary Responsibilities
• Predict the behavior of a material & its container
• Determine the potential consequences of container failure
and methods of determining product behavior
• Identify hazards associated with the container in a variety of
situations
• Use MSDS for product and identify basic chemical properties
Primary Responsibilities
• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency
SOP's\Hazmat\New SOPs per RRJ\HAZ-MAT Running
Orders E.doc
• Communication #: 06-08-33 Effective Date: 08-29-06
• HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ALARM: An emergency
involving the uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance
that poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety of
individuals and property.
• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency
SOP's\Hazmat
DPFD Hazmat SOPs
• DPFD Level I: Incident that can be controlled by first
responders. No evacuation necessary beyond initial site.
Small area that poses no immediate threats to life,
property, or environment. May be handled by a single
engine company (ex. Auto leaking fuel)
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
• DPFD Level II – Incident has greater hazard/area
involved than Level I. May pose danger to life, property,
and environment. This incident may require limited
evacuation/protective area of surrounding sites. If formal
response required, 12 technicians and MABAS would be
called. (ex. Minor accidental chemical spill at industrial
location)
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
• DPFD Level III – Incident that poses severe danger to
life, property, and environment. May involve large scale
protective actions, etc. Incident will require MABAS
assistance as well as state/federal support(ex. Large scale
train derailment with numerous tanker cars on fire)
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
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Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Penetration/Direct Contact
Injection
Radiation
Routes of Exposure
• The acronym TRACEMP defines potential health effects:
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Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Corrosive
Etiological (bacterial infection/disease)
Mechanical
Psychological
Hazardous Material Health
Effects
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – Exposure concentration
in PPM which begins to affect a person in any way
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – OSHA’s legal limit
for exposure to a chemical substance
• Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA) – Average exposure
limit over 8hr day and 40 hr work week
Hazmat Exposure Limits
• Ceiling (TLV/C) – Maximum concentration that should not be
exceeded at any time
• Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV/STEL) – 15 min exposure limit
concentration
• Cannot be repeated more than 4x per 24 hr period
• Should have at least 1 hr between exposure periods
• The lower the TLV/STEL, the more toxic the substance
• Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) – Immediate
• The concentration which poses an immediate threat to life or could
cause irreversible or delayed health effects
• 3 types: Toxic, flammable, oxygen deficient
Hazmat Exposure Limits
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Fuel storage facilities
Gas/service stations and convenience stores
Paint supply stores
Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities
Pest control and lawn care companies
Medical facilities
Photo processing laboratories
Dry cleaners
Plastic and high-technology factories
Commercial Occupancies
Containing Hazardous Materials
• ALWAYS approach uphill and upwind if possible
• Look for possible clues to the incident upon approach
• Establish initial isolation perimeters/distances as soon as
possible (ERG)
• Establish cold, warm, and hot zones
Site Management
• Shelter-in-place: Have areas affected turn off all HVAC,
close windows, etc. Stay indoors listening via radio or TV
for instructions
• Evacuation: Have people in affected areas physically
move to a safe specific location. Remember factors such
as ability to disseminate info, time involved, population at
risk, routes of travel, etc. (If in hot zone, mass emergency
decontamination may be required)
Site Management: Public
• Emergency Decontamination Setup
• Establish in Cold Zone
• Attempt to control runoff (Tarp)
• Can be accomplished with a charged crosslay laid out in a
circle, placed tarp on top, use trash line as water supply
• H:\Fire\Common\EMS\CPR\Hazmat\Mass Casualty Decon
Diagram.pdf
Site Management: Public
• 7 primary clues to identify a hazardous material:
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Shipping papers/documents
Container shapes/types
Placards/labels
Detection equipment
Markings/colors
Type of occupancy/location
Senses
Hazmat Identification Methods
• Sources for names of hazardous materials at transportation
incidents:
• On-site personnel
• Shipping papers
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Emergency Response Guide (requires general identification of
U.S. DOT placards)
Hazmat Identification Methods
Highway Transport
Shipping paper name:
Bill of lading
Location of shipping paper:
Vehicle cab
Responsible party:
Driver
Hazmat Identification Methods
Rail Transport
Shipping paper name:
Waybill/Consist
Location of shipping paper:
Engine or Caboose
Responsible party:
Conductor
Hazmat Identification Methods
Water Transport
Shipping paper name:
Dangerous Cargo Manifest
Location of shipping paper:
Bridge or Pilothouse
Responsible party:
Captain or Master
Hazmat Identification Methods
Air Transport
Shipping paper name:
Air Bill
Location of shipping paper:
Cockpit
Responsible party:
Pilot
Hazmat Identification Methods
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Contains information about:
-Manufacturer/Distributor
-Emergency contact
information
-Basic chemical properties
-Health and safety hazards
-Emergency response
-Waste disposal of a
material
Hazmat Identification Methods
Remember:
The ERG is your friend
Identifying An Unknown
Hazardous Material
• Rail Tank Cars: Dry bulk, mixed cargo, pressure, non-pressure
• Cargo Trailer Trucks:
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Non-pressure liquid tank (MC306)
Low-pressure chemical tank (MC307)
Corrosive liquid tank (MC312)
High-pressure tank (MC331)
Cryogenic liquid tank (MC338, MC306)
Compressed gas/tube trailer (compressed gases H, O, He, CH4)
Dry bulk cargo
Transportation Vehicles
• All rail tank cars and road trailer identification charts are
located in the 2008 ERG pgs. 18-19
Transportation Vehicles
MC306 Non-pressure Liquid Tank – Guide 131
Typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids
Transportation Vehicles
Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer – Guide 134
Dry goods e.g. powders, pellets, fertilizers, grain
Transportation Vehicles
Compressed Gas/Tube Trailer – Guide 117
Compressed gases e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, helium, methane
Transportation Vehicles
MC331 High Pressure Tank – Guide 117
Ammonia, Freon, butane
Transportation Vehicles
MC312 Corrosive Liquid Tank – Guide 137
Corrosives e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide
Transportation Vehicles
Pressure Tank Car Compressed Liquified Gases – Guide 117
Non-pressure Tank Car Liquids – Guide 131
Transportation Vehicles
Intermodal
Transportation Vehicles
• Non-bulk package: contains solids, liquids, or gases per
DOT definitions
• Liquids: capacity 119 gal or less
• Solids: net mass 882 lbs or less (or capacity of 119 gal or
less)
• Gases: water capacity of 1001 lbs or less
Hazmat Identification Methods:
Non-bulk packages
• Transportation container types for non-bulk materials
may include:
• Bottles, carboys, jerricans, cylinders, boxes, barrels, bags,
drums
Hazmat Identification Methods:
Non-bulk packages
• U.S. Department of Transportation marking system is an
identification system characterized by labels, placards
and markings
• Placards: diamond-shaped indicators placed on all four
sides of any form of transportation carrying hazmat
• Labels: smaller versions (4” diamond-shaped indicators) on
all four sides of individual boxes/smaller packages
• Markings: typically on rail cars
Characteristics of DOT labels
• Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers
• Must include one of four signal words if for consumer
use:
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CAUTION – Minor health effects
WARNING – Moderate hazards
DANGER – Highest degree of hazard
POISON – Highly toxic (pesticides)
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
• Must include specific information:
• Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer,
distributor or seller
• Name of each hazardous ingredient
• Statement of the principal hazard
• Precautionary statements
• Instructions for first-aid treatment
• Instructions for special handling or storage
• Statement “Keep out of the reach of children”
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
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Class 1 – Explosives
Class 2 – Gases (flammable/non-flammable/toxic)
Class 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids
Class 4 – Flammable solids (spontaneous combustion and
water reactive materials)
Class 5 – Oxidizing substances/Organic peroxides
Class 6 – Toxins/Infectious Substances
Class 7 – Radioactive Materials
Class 8 – Corrosive Substances
Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazmat
DOT Hazard Classes
• All classifications and associated divisions can be found
in the 2008 ERG page 14
DOT Hazard Classes
The DOT Marking System for
first responders is located in
the 2008 ERG pgs. 16-17
Once a placard is identified,
use this marking system to
establish initial containment
and isolation zones
DOT Marking System
Each diamond labeled
with a number from 0-4,
0 being least hazardous
and 4 being most
hazardous (Seeing a 4 in
any field will easily kill
you)
NFPA 704 Marking System
Blue = 0
-no health hazard
Red = 3
-can be ignited under almost
ambient temp conditions
Yellow = 0
-Normally stable, even under
fire conditions, not reactive
with water
White = blank
-No special considerations
NFPA 704 Marking System
Blue = 0
-Exposure would cause irritation
with only minor residual injury
Red = 4
-Flash point below 73 F
Will readily ignite at atm pressure
Yellow = 0
-Normally stable, even under
fire conditions, not reactive
with water
White = blank
-No special considerations
NFPA 704 Marking System
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Hazard Key:
C.
D.
1. Mass Detonation
2. Explosion-withfragment
3. Mass Fire
4. Moderate Fire
Military Marking System
Emergency Response Guide
- about 4000 chemicals
- not for long-term action plans
4 colored sections:
- Yellow: chemicals by UN/ID #
- Blue: chemicals listed alphabetically
- Orange: hazard class, fire/explosion
hazards, health hazards,
basic emergency actions
*If on fire, read here first
- Green: Initial isolation distances
ERG
Guide 111: Guide for mixed load/
unidentified cargo
ERG
ERG
*Small spill =
55 gal or less
*Large spill =
>55gal or multiple
small spills
*Toxic gases when
mixed with water
if you see:
“when spilled
in water”
ERG
ERG practice (13:00)
• ID 1972
• Mult. Poss.
• Cryogenic Liquid
• Guide 115
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolate 330 ft.
ERG practice
ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)
• Class 6
• Toxic/infectious substances
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Guide 153
Isolate 150 ft. for liquids
Isolate 75 ft. for solids
Keep out of low areas
Ventilate enclosed areas
ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)
ERG practice (100 gal,
10:00)
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ID 1079
Sulfur dioxide
Highlighted in green
Guide number 125
If no fire go to iso.table 1st
• 1250 ft. in all directions
• 1.3 mi. downwind
ERG practice (100 gal,
10:00)
ERG practice (9:00)
• Class 9
• Miscellaneous hazmat
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Guide 171
Not highlighted in green
Isolate liquids 150 ft.
Isolate solids 75 ft.
ERG practice (9:00)
ERG practice (19:00)
• UN ID 3082 – multiple poss.
• Class 9
• Miscellaneous hazmat
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Guide 171
Not highlighted in green
Isolate liquids 150 ft.
Isolate solids 75 ft.
ERG practice (19:00)
ERG practice (55gal,
20:00)
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ID 1017 - Chlorine
Class 2 – Gases (toxic)
Highlighted in green
Guide number 124
If no fire go to iso. table 1st
• 200 ft. in all directions
• 1.0 mi. downwind
• From guide 124
• Gases are heavier than air
• Keep out of low areas
ERG practice (55gal,
20:00)
ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)
• Class 7
• Radioactive
• Guide 163
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolation 75 feet
• Time
• Distance
• Shielding
ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
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Methanol
Guide 131 – flammable liq. toxic
No green highlighting
Isolation 150 ft.
Keep out of low areas
Ventilate before entering
If this spilled completely
• How much foam would you need?
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
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55 gal drum
1 gal = approx 25 sq. ft.
55 gal = approx 1375 sq. ft.
Quantity of foam needed=
• Area*app.rate*conc%*15min
• 1375*0.1gpm/sq.ft.*.03*15 = 62 gal
• Quick estimate for 3% = area/20
• 1400/20 = 70 gal of 3% AFFF
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
ERG practice
QUESTIONS?
• Schnepp, Rob, Hazardous Materials Awareness and
Operations 1st Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
LLC. Copyright 2010
• Hildebrand, Noll, Yvorra, Hazardous Materials:
Managing the Incident 3rd Edition, Redhat Publishing
Company, Inc. Copyright 2005
• Copley, Terry, Hazardous Materials For First Responders
3rd Edition, Board of Regents, OSU. Copyright 2004
• 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook
References