11.
A.D.
MEDIJEV AL AND
MODERN HISTORY
WESTERN EUROPE
(Continued)
EASTERN EUROPE AND
OTHER COUNTRIES
ENGLAND
--400 --·----------------------------------------------------------------------------1--------------------410. Sack of Rome by Visigoths under Alaric; Visigoths 410. Roman legions withdrawn.
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move into Spain ( 414).
429. Vandals cross from Spain into Africa; under Genseric
plunder Rome.
451. Attila tl)e Hun defeated at Chalons (in Gaul).
476. Odoacer, German mercenary, displaces Roman emperor ; end of Western Roman Empire.
481-511. Clovis founds kingdom of Franks in Gaul (Merovingians) ; becomes Christian ( 496).
493- 555. Ostrogoths (Theodoric the Great) rule Italy.
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Angles, Saxons, and
Jutes conquer Britain(" Angleland " or England).
449- 700.
474-491.
emperor.
Zeno eastern
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-------------------------1-------------·
--------511-751. Decline of Merovingian kings of Franks and rise 577. Battle of Deorham; West
500
600
of Mayors of Palace.
568-774. Lombard kingdom in Italy.
590-604. Pope Gregory I (the Great); Rome the head of
Christendom.
Saxons reach Bristol Channel.
Augustine
reintroduces
597.
Christianity.
613. Queen Brunhilde of Austrasia (Eastern Frank-land)
607.
captured, tortured, and dragged to death by wild horses
in Merovingian quarrels.
687. Pepin of Heristal becomes Mayor of Palace for whole
Frankish kingdom (Battle of Testry).
527-565. Justinian emperor ;
Roman law
codified ; Vandals in
Africa and Ostrogoths
in Italy overthrown.
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Chester sacked and left
desolate for 300 years.
Moha~med's
flight
from
Mecca
(the
.. Hegira ") ; founding
of Mohammedan religion.
622.
---------------------------------------------------I--------~-------------------J -----------·----------
711. Mohammedans
700
from
.Africa
overthrow
Visigothic
kingdom in Spain.
732. Franks (Charles Martel) defeat Mohammedans at Tours
(in France).
752. Pepin the Short (Mayor of the Palace) deposes last
Merovingian king and takes the crown (Carolingian rule).
750. Mohammedans rule
all western Asia, northern Africa. and Spain
--from Indus River
to the Pyrenees.
755-796. Offa king of Mercia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1--------------------800. Charlemagne~ king of the Franks and ruler of most of
809. End of brilliant _
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800
Western Europe (768-814), crowned emperor at Rome.
843. Partition of Verdun. Charlemagne's empire divided;
separation of France and Germany.
827. Egbert of W essex unites
reign of Harun-al-Rascbid, calif of Bagdad.
862. Russian
kingdom
founded by Rurik the
Northman (Kief, capital) .
England.
8.71-901. Alfred rules southern
England ; Danes checked.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------J--------------------905- 959. Constantine VII ·
GERMANY AND ITALY
FRANCE
900
911. Normandy ceded to
911-918. Conrad I (Franconian)
Rolf
(Rollo),
the
N orthman ; decline of
Carolingians in France.
987. Hugh Capet chosen
king (Capetian line) ;
Feudalism at height of
its power.
1000
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first non-Carolingian king.
936-973.
Otto I, the Great
(Saxon), ends anarchy in
Italy;
defeats Hungarians
(955) ; revives Empire (962).
Northern England
(" Danelaw ")
reconquered
from Danes.
Porphyrogenitus
(" Born in the Purple") emperor, patron
of literature.
910-954.
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980. Danish invasions renewed.
J---------------------·l-----------------------------l-----------------------------1---------------------1002-24. Henry II (the Saint), 1016-1035. Canute of Denmark 1000. Northmen discover
last of the Saxon line.
1075. Investiture conflict begun
by Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) and Emperor Henry IV
( t056-1106).
Council of Clermont; Pope Urban II
calls First Crusade.
1096.
PERIOD OF THE CRUSADES
ldng.
1042-66. Edward the Confessor
king.
1066. Nortnan conquest (William
I) .
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America
(Greenland
colonized, 986).
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TO RESCUE PALESTINE FROM MOHAMMEDAN RULE
1096-1291
1096-99. First Crusade. People's crusade under Peter the Hermit fails. Crusade of nobles under Godfrey of Bouillon and
others takes Jerusalem (1099) and establishes a feudal kingdom of Jerusalem.
1100
---------------------l--------------------------------1-----------------------------l---------------------1108-37. Louis VI (the 1122. Concordat of Worms ends 1110-35. Henry I ("the Lion of · 1145. Edessa taken by
Fat)
establishes order
investiture conflict.
Justice ") ; a charter issued.
Mohammedans.
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In crown possessiOns.
1147-49. Second Crusade. Preached by St. Bernard of Clairvaux ; led by Conrad Ill of Germany and Louis VII of France
without results.
1180-1223. Philip Augus- 1152- 1190. Frederiok Barbarossa 1154-89. Henry 11 (Plantagenet)
1187. Capture of Jeru. tus;
recovers Nor(Hohenstaufen); quarrel with
holds Normandy, Anjou, Maine,
salem by Saladin.
mandy, etc., from EngPope ; defeated by league of
etc., in France. Conquest of
Lombard towns.
Ireland begun.
land.
1189-91. Third Crusade. Led by Richard Cmur de Lion of England and Philip Augustus of France ; Emperor Frederick
Barbarossa drowned on way. Armistice with Saladin pertnits pilgrimages to Holy Places.
1200
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------------------------------------------------;
·
--------------------------------------------------1209-29. Albigensian cru- 1200-1450. Hanseatic League be1202-4. Fourth Crusade
tween German cities promotes
commerce.
1215-50. Frederiok 11 ;
rules
Naples and Sicily as well as
Empire : quarrels with Pope ;
Fifth, Crusade (1228-29).
1256-73. Interregnum in Empire.
sade.
1214. Battle of Bouvines;
defeat of English and
enemies of Frederick
II.
1226-70. Louis I X (St.
Louis);
good rule.
Crusade to Egypt (124854) ; to Tunis (1270).
1285-1314.
Philip IV
(the Fair). Power of
king increased ; quarrels with Pope.
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1273-91. Rudolph of Hapsburg
1295. Marco Polo returns from
20 years' travels in China
1295. Model Parliament called.
and the East .
directed against Constantinople by Venetians.
1206-27. Genghis Khan
conquers China, Persia,
Turkestan, and Southern Russia.
1291-1499. Growth of
Swiss
Confederation
(Battle of Morgarten,
1315 ; Sempach, 1386).
1291. Fall of Acre ; end
of Crusades.
mandy and Anjou; forced to
grant Magna Charta (1215).
1272-1307. Edward I; conquest
of Wales (1282). ; wars with
Scotland begun.
king of Germany.
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1204-06. King John loses Nor-
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..
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'
----------------·------l------------------------------------·---------~---------1-----·----------------•
' 1300
·
First meeting of
Estates-General.
1302. Battle of Courtrai ;
Flemish townsmen defeat French knights.
PERIOD OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 1300-1500. Dante,
Petrarch, Boccaccio, Giotto,
Michelangelo,
Da
Vinci,
Raphael, Titian.
1302.
1314. Edward II defeated at
Bannockburn by Scots under
Bruce.
·
1327-77. Edward HT.
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~----~--------------~-----~--~--~---------------------~------------------------------------------------- - ·
ry,de, f?JU, dune (French u), barn; go, gem; .c anyon, Jean (nasal)"; G=German g (guttural); K=German eh (guttural).
~993
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