University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
29/11/2013
Acknowledgements
Département de linguistique | Department of Linguistics
Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Friday November 29, 2013
Phonological Errors in the Speech of
Francophone Children
Susan Rvachew, Ph.D., S-LP(C)
McGill University
Françoise Brosseau-Lapré
Marianne Paul
Acknowledgements
Fonds de recherche Société
et Culture Québec
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Phaedra Royle (Co-PI)
Laura Gonnerman(Co-PI)
Brigitte Stanké (Collaborator)
Alexandra Marquis
Catherine Lamirande
Madeleine Bellemare
Catherine Clémence
Tara Commandeur
Geneviève Beauregard-Paultre
Dominique Bédard
Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council

Tara Commandeur, Joelle
Chagnon, Elizabeth Christe,
Catherine Clémence, Raphaelle
Curis, Claudine Joncas, Annie
Ladouceur, Patrizia Mazzocca,
Rachel Morasse, Mahchid
Namazzi, Stéphanie Arcand,
Geneviève Beauregard-Paultre,
Elisa Bucarel, Hannah Jacobs,
Annie Jacques, Amanda
Langdon, Mahchid Namazzi,
Daniel Phelan, Anit Saini, and
Hope Valeriote
www.medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
50% of the
children
achieve
customary
production
90% of the
children
achieve
customary
production
Sander, E. (1972). Do we know when speech sounds are learned?, 37, 55-63. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 37, 5563.
1
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
New Segment Norms for Québec French



Casse-tête d’évaluation de
la phonologie (Auger,
1994)
40 target words that
represented all possible
initial, medial, and final
consonants of Québécois
French
42.5% 1-syllable; 50% 2syllable; 7.5% 3-syllable

/p, t, m, n, f, z, ɳ/
Mastery between 36 and
53 mo:


Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment
Speech Production Accuracy (TFP; 54 items)
Mastery prior to 36 mo:


29/11/2013
/b, d, k, ɡ, v, l, w, ʁ, ɥ/
Mastery after 53 mo (but
customary production
before 53 mo):

/s, ʃ, ʒ, j/
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
MacLeod, A. A. N., Sutton, A., Trudeau, N., & Thordardottir, E. (2011). The acquisition of consonants in Québec French: A crosssectional study of preschool aged children. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 93-109.
Word Elicitation
Clown
Chapeau
Lunettes
Singe
Feuille
Graffigné
Doigt
Train
Avion
Hélicoptère
Camion
Brun
40.
Girafes
25.
Crayon
Rapetissé
41.
Zoo
26.
Peinture
Vélo In speech
42.
Langue
27. of Francophone
Table
Children:
Escalier In speech
43.
Enveloppe
28. of Francophone
Vaisselle
Adults:
44.
Araignée
29.
Cartes
Amoureux
45.
Garde‐robe
30.
Cochons
Cuisine
= 13%
46.
Parapluie
31.
Bibliothèques 1 syllable
Fleurs
1 47.
syllable =
7%
Tombé
32.
Tournevis
2 syllable
= 42%
Traineau
48.
Yogourt
33.
Album
2 syllable
=Framboises
33%
Oui
49.
34.
Aquarium
3 syllable
= 34%
50.
Glissade
35.
Serpent
Niche
3 syllable
= 41%
51.
36.
Huit
4 syllable
= Château
9%
Nuage
52.
37.
Gardien
4 syllable
=Spectacle
15%
Soleil
53.
38.
Beigne
>4 syllable
= Marionnettes
2%
Élève
Géant
39.
Manger
>4 54.
syllable =
4%







(s) Le garçon est déguisé
en _______?
Il nous fait rire, c’est un
______?
(ir) Clown. Il nous fait rire,
c’est un _______?
(ii) Dis « clown »?
(s) (pointer) Ça, c’est un
_______?
Sur sa tête, il a un
_______?
(ir) Chapeau. Sur sa tête, il a
un _______?
(ii) Dis « chapeau »?
28%
50%
19%
4%
36%
15%
93%
93%
83%
Test Francophone de Phonologie (Paul & Rvachew) from Paul, M. (2009). Predictors of consonant development and the development of a test of French
phonology. McGill University, Montréal, Québec. Available from www.medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew.
In phrase final
position!
CV Structures

1 syllable
2 syllables
3 syllables
4 syllables
syllable w/ coda
syllable w/ cluster
inter‐rater reliability
test‐retest reliablity
convergent validity
σweak
A
ʃ
σstrong
Test de Dépistage
Francophone de Phonologie
château
RA
R
cochon
N
N
chapeau
ɑ t
o
manger
araignée
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
2
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
29/11/2013
CVC Structures
R
N
n
i
C
ʃ
niche
langue
singe
beigne
soleil
vaisselle
girafe
serpent
escalier
tournevis
garde-robe
hélicoptère
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
Ab Structure (Attaque Branchante)
k
l
A
R
N
C
u
n
glissade
clown
framboises
bibliothèque
enveloppe
parapluie
train
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
Test de Dépistage
Francophone de Phonologie
R
nuage
avion
N
d
w
camion
marionnettes
a
aquarium
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
-V.V-Structure ( word internal empty onset)
Test de Dépistage
Francophone de Phonologie
σ
A
σ
Test de Dépistage
Francophone de Phonologie
σ
A
Gn Structure (Glide in the Nucleus)
σ
A
ʒ
σ
R
A
Test de Dépistage
Francophone de Phonologie
R
N
N
e
ɑ̃
géant
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
3
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
-VCC Structure
A
R
N
TDFP: Normative Data
σ
σ
A
29/11/2013
C
k
a
ʁ
t
t
a
b
l
Maternelle
Première Année
R
Sample size
43
18
N
Boys/Girls
21/22
11/7
L1/ L2
Mean (SD) Age in years
24/19
12/6
6;1 (3;7)
7;2(3.88)
Age at first word in months
11.93
11.00
Maternal education in years
14.28
15.00
The items ‘carte’, ‘table’ and ‘spectacle’
are sampled on the TFP but not on the
TDFP.
TEST DE DÉPISTAGE FRANCOPHONE DE PHONOLOGIE © RVACHEW, S., BROSSEAU‐LAPRÉ, F. & PAUL, M. (2012).
Available from www. medicine.mcgill.ca/srvachew
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
Percent Correct Productiongarde-robe
by Consonant
Consonant Accuracy by Syllable Position
langue
glissade
100.00
90.00
100
90
80.00
80
framboise
70.00
70
60.00
60
50.00
50
40.00
40
30.00
30
20.00
20
10.00
10
0.00
0
m n
ɲ
p
b
t
d
k
gɡ
f
v
s
z
ʃ
ʒ
ʁ
l
ɥ w
j
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
Singleton Onset
Branching Onset Glide in the nucleus
Singleton Coda
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
4
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
29/11/2013
Consonant Accuracy by Syllable Stress
100.00
Giraffe
Manger
96%
90.00
Impact of Syllable Stress: /ʒ/ (n = 61)
88%
80.00
14
14
85% Correct
Devoicing
Dental Distortion
Fronting
12
70.00
10
60.00
10
8
8
50.00
40.00
6
6
30.00
4
20.00
6
4
3
0.00
0
0
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.3
2.4
Distortion
3.4
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
Impact of Word Length and Stress
10
Voicing
9
8
8
7
7
6
Segment
0
Distortion
Syl Str
18
[ʁ]
[kʁ]
20
18
16
14
14
6
12
12
5
5
10
10
4
4
8
8
3
3
6
6
2
2
4
4
2
2
0
1
0
Distortion
0
Segment
Syl Str
1
0
7
1
0
Distortion
Syl Str
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
[t]
[kʁ]
0
0
Segment
Syl Str
traineau (n = 50)
train (n = 50)
20
16
1
Segment
Cluster Accuracy by Children w/ DPD
Harmony (/bl/)
Voicing
9
3
Rvachew, S., Marquis, A., Brosseau-Lapré, F., Royle, P., Paul, M., & Gonnerman, L. M. (Early Online). Speech articulation performance of
francophone children in the early school years: Norming of the Test de Dépistage Francophone de Phonologie. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1-19.
bibliotheque
beigne
10
3
2
2
10.00
13
69% Correct
Affrication
Fronting
Devoicing
Dental Distortion
Metathesis
Deletion
12
Reduction Spreading
Other
Reduction Spreading
Other
Rvachew, S., Leroux, E., & Brosseau-Lapre, F. (in press). Production of word-initial consonant sequences by Francophone
preschoolers. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.
5
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
29/11/2013
Pre- and Post-Treatment Production of
Clusters by Children with DPD (n = 21)
/fʁ/ clusters (n = 21)
16
14
12
frites
fromage
[fʁ] 6
 [f] 5
 [ʁ]1
 [fw] 7
 [bw] 1
 [fj] 1

[fʁ] 2

[f] 5
[s] 2
[ʃ] 1
[n] 1
[k] 1

10
8
PreTreatment
PostTreatment
6
4
2
0







Rvachew, S. & Brosseau-Lapre, F. (accepted with minor revisions). Pre- and post-treatment production of syllable initial /ʁ/-clusters by French-speaking
children. In M. Yavas (Ed.), Unusual productions in Phonology: universals and language-specific considerations. Psychology Press/Taylor Francis.
Segment Accuracy vs.
Syllable Structure Errors
Rvachew, S. & Brosseau-Lapre, F. (accepted with minor revisions). Pre- and post-treatment production of syllable initial /ʁ/-clusters by French-speaking
children. In M. Yavas (Ed.), Unusual productions in Phonology: universals and language-specific considerations. Psychology Press/Taylor Francis.
Coda Deletions (n = 24)
Participant 2109
20
Target
→
[kʁ] 2
[kw] 1
∅
Production
15
/ʃapo/
[ʃapo]
/kaʁt/
[kat]
/ʁaptise/
[ʁatise]
5
/elikɔptɛʁ/
[etɔtɛʁ]
0
Brosseau-Lapré, F., & Rvachew, S. (2013). Cross-linguistic comparison of speech errors produced by English- and French-speaking preschool age children
witih developmental phonological disorders. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Early Online, 1-11.
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
Deletion
Substitution
Correct
10
[p]
[p]
[ʁ]
[ʁ] serpent [p] serpent
hélicoptère enveloppe
hélicoptère
Brosseau-Lapré, F., & Rvachew, S. (2013). Cross-linguistic comparison of speech errors produced by English- and French-speaking preschool age children
witih developmental phonological disorders. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Early Online, 1-11.
6
University of Ottawa Department of Linguistics Colloquium
29/11/2013
French vs English Comparison
of Speech Error Types
Conclusions

Error type proportion (%)

70
60
*
*

50
40

French
30
*
20
10
0
Segment
Syllable
Structure
Distortion
English
N = 24 in each group
Matched for:
PCC in conversation
Receptive vocabulary
Age

French is not English
Important to consider prosodic structure when describing
segment acquisition
Phonological development in French children is not
complete by age 53 months
Developmental Phonological Disorder in French is
characterized by errors at the prosodic level of the
phonological hierarchy that may reflect encoding difficulties
More controlled study is required to fully understand the
impact of syllable structure, word length and syllable stress
on the children’s segment errors
Brosseau-Lapré, F., & Rvachew, S. (2013). Cross-linguistic comparison of speech errors produced by English- and French-speaking preschool age children
witih developmental phonological disorders. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Early Online, 1-11.
© Susan Rvachew and Francoise Brosseau‐
Lapre
7