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Ch. 13 The Presidency
8 Major Roles
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Chief Executive of the Govt.
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Chief Legislator
Chief Administrator of the Govt
Commander in Chief of the Armed
Forces
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Formal Qualifications
Must be a Natural Born Citizen
At least 35 Years Old Lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years
Term in Office
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Chief of their Political Party
Presidential Term - 4 Years
May serve 2 Terms or up to 10 years
Chief Citizen
Created by the Presidential Succession
Act of 1947 following FDR’s death
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The President’s Job Description
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Chief of State
Presidential Succession
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Chief Diplomat Ch. 13 The Presidency
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Ch. 13 The Presidency
The President’s Job Description
1st in Line the Vice President
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The Vice Presidency
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Official Vice Presidential Duties Include -
2nd in Line the Speaker of the House
3rd in Line President of the Senate Pro Tempore
4th in Line Secretary of State
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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The Constitution provides very little for
the Vice President to do
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To preside over the Senate as Senate
President
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To help decide questions of
Presidential disability
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To be the “President in Waiting”
13 Vice Presidents have succeeded to
the Presidency
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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The Framers Plan for Presidential
Selection
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The Electoral College was created to
select the President because they felt
that a direct popular vote would not
produce stable results and was not
possible because Americans lived so far
apart in the country at the time
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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The Framers Plan for Presidential
Selection (cont)
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Each state gets Presidential Electors
equal to the number of Representatives
and Senators they have in Congress
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These Electors are chosen by the state’s
as their state legislatures decide
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The Electors meet in their state and cast
two votes for two different people for
President
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These votes would be counted in a Joint
Session of Congress
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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The Framers Plan for Presidential
Selection (cont)
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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Presidential Nominations
The Election of 1832 marked the first
time both major parties used
Nominating Conventions to select their
candidates for President
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The candidate receiving a majority of
votes would become President
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The candidate receiving the second
most votes would become Vice
President
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The Constitution does not provide for
Political Parties or for Nominating
Conventions
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If a tie or no candidate received a
majority of votes the House voting by
states would elect a President and the
Senate would elect a Vice President
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Political Parties are in charge of setting
the rules and choosing who gets to
participate in their nominating
conventions
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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Ch. 13 The Presidency
Presidential Election
Election Day is the First Tuesday, after
the First Monday, in November, every
four years
When a voter cast their ballot for a
Presidential candidate they are actually
voting for that candidate’s Electors in
the Electoral College
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Presidential Election (cont)
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The final step in this process is that on
January 6th the President of Senate then
counts all ballots and declares a winner
if a candidate receives a majority of
electoral votes (that number is currently
270 out of 538 electoral votes)
Electors for the winning Presidential
candidate in that state then gather in
their state’s capitol to cast their
electoral college votes
Ch. 13 The Presidency
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Major Flaws in the Electoral College
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Electors are not required by law to vote
for the candidate that won the popular
vote in their state
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Any election could be decided by the
House of Representatives
The winner of the Popular Vote isn’t
guaranteed to win in the Electoral
College
Congress then counts all the Electoral
College votes on the Monday, after the
second Wednesday in December
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Why Presidential Power has Grown
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Historical Events - WWI, Great
Depression, WWII, Cold War, &
Terrorism
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Mass Media Coverage - The President
has an advantage over Congress when it
comes to media coverage because its
easier to cover one person rather than
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Strong Personalities in the last 100 years
- T. Roosevelt, F. Roosevelt, Truman,
Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon,
Reagan, Clinton, Bush, & Obama
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Executive Powers of the President
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Ordinance Power - An implied power
of the Presidency
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Executive Powers of the President
(cont)
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Removal Power - Congress & the
President has struggled throughout our
history over how much power the
President has to remove appointed
government officials
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Diplomatic Powers - Presidents can
enter into treaties with other countries
with consent of the Senate
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Executive Agreement - Presidents can
create agreements with other countries
based on legislation passed by Congress
The President must execute all federal
laws
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Executive Orders - A directive, rule
or regulation that has the effect of
law
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Executive Powers of the President
(cont)
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Recognition Power - The power to
legitimize another nations by
recognizing their sovereign status
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Military Powers - The President is the
top military leader in the country
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The War Powers Act - •
After 48 hours of engaging troops
the President must report to
Congress
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Executive Powers of the President
(cont)
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Combat must end within 60 days
unless Congress approves further
action
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Congress can recall troops at
anytime by passing a concurrent
resolution
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
Legislative Powers of the President
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The President can recommend
legislation to Congress
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The President delivers three major
messages to Congress...
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State of Union - Delivered in
person to a joint session of
Congress
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Budget Message - Outlines the
President’s requested budget for
the next year
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Legislative Powers of the President
(cont)
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The President can veto or reject bills
passed by Congress
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The President can call Congress into
Special Session to deal with an
important issue
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
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Economic Report - Updates
Congress on the current state of
the Economy
Ch. 14 The Presidency In Action
Judicial Powers of the President
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The following are things the
President can do to intervene in the
judicial system...
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Reprieve - To postpone and
execution of a criminal sentence
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Commutation - Reducing a criminal
sentence
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Pardon - Granting legal forgiveness
for a crime
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Amnesty - Blank pardoning for a
group of people
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Clemency - Can provide legal
protection from Federal laws only
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Judicial Powers of the President
(cont)
Ch. 15 Government at Work
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Ch. 15 Government at Work
The Federal Bureaucracy
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The Executive Office of the
President (EOP)
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Bureaucracy - Large complex
administrative structure that handles
the everyday business of the
government
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Created in 1939 to assist the
President in running the
Government
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Three features of a Bureaucracy
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All the President’s advisors are in
the EOP
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Two important EOP offices include...
the National Security Council
(NSC), Office of Management &
Budget (OMB)
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Hierarchical Authority
Specializes Jobs
Formal Rules
Ch. 15 Government at Work
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Ch. 15 Government at Work
Cabinet Level Executive Departments
State
1789
Health & Human Ser.
1953
Treasury
1789
Housing & Urban Dev. 1965
Defense
1789
Transportation
1967
Interior
1849
Energy
1977
Justice
1870
Education
1979
Agriculture
1889
Veterans Affairs
1988
Commerce
1903
Homeland Security
2002
Labor
1913
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Cabinet Level Executive
Departments (cont)
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Most of the work of the
govt. is done by these
departments
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The President appoints the
leader or Secretary for
each department
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These Secretaries form the
President’s Cabinet or
group of high level of
advisors
Ch. 15 Government at Work
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Independent Agencies
Some agencies don’t fit within
established departments or have to be
separate because the regulate the
departments
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NASA - Space Exploration
CIA - Intelligence and Foreign Info FCC - Regulate TV & Radio
USPS - Operate Post Offices
FDIC - Insurance for Bank Deposits