LEADERSHIP IN LEISURE SERVICES
Making a Difference
Third Edition
Debra J. Jordan
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Leadership in Leisure Services:
Making a Difference
;hird Edition
Iy Debra J. JVYKHU
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Leadership in Leisure Services:
Making a Difference
;hird Edition
Iy Debra J. JVYKHU
=enture Publishing, Inc.
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
&RS\ULJKW‹
Venture Publishing, Inc.
1)HGHUDO'U
8UEDQD,/
1RSDUWRIWKHPDWHULDOSURWHFWHGE\WKLVFRS\ULJKWQRWLFHPD\EHUHSURGXFHGRUXWLOL]HGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLF
RUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRUE\DQ\LQIRUPDWLRQVWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQSHUPLV
VLRQIURPWKHFRS\ULJKWRZQHU
7UDGHPDUNV$OOEUDQGQDPHVDQGSURGXFWQDPHVXVHGLQWKLVERRNDUHWUDGHPDUNVUHJLVWHUHGWUDGHPDUNVRUWUDGHQDPHVRIWKHLU
UHVSHFWLYHKROGHUV
3URGXFWLRQ0DQDJHU5LFKDUG<RFXP
0DQXVFULSW(GLWLQJ0LFKHOH/%DUELQ&KULVWLQD0DQEHFN
/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV&DWDORJXH&DUG1XPEHU
,6%1 ,6%1 http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
,6%1HERRN
;able of Contents
/LVWRI7DEOHV [L
3UHIDFH [LLL
$FNQRZOHGJPHQWV [Y
Section 0
;he Foundation:
+L]eloping the Underlying Construc[
Chapter OnL
Understanding LeadershiW
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 'HILQLWLRQ /HLVXUHDQG5HFUHDWLRQ‡'HfiQLQJ/HDGHUVKLS‡
)ROORZHUVKLS
/HDGHU6NLOOV &RQFHSWXDO 6NLOOV ‡ ,QWHUSHUVRQDO 6NLOOV ‡
7HFKQLFDO6NLOOV
,PSDFWRI*HQGHU(WKQLFLW\DQG$JH /HDGHU7UDLWVDQG4XDOLWLHV 6HOI$ZDUHQHVVDQG,GHQWLW\‡&RXUDJH‡&UH
DWLYLW\‡'ULYHDQG'HWHUPLQDWLRQ‡)RFXVDQG
&RPPLWPHQW‡+LJK([SHFWDWLRQV‡+RQHVW\‡
,QWHJULW\ ‡ 3RVLWLYH 0HQWDO $WWLWXGH ‡ 2WKHU
/HDGHU4XDOLWLHV
9DOXHV $Q$FKLHYHPHQW2ULHQWDWLRQ‡%HQHYROHQFH‡
&RQIRUPLW\‡+HGRQLVP‡3RZHU‡6HFXULW\‡
6HOI'LUHFWLRQ ‡ 6WLPXODWLRQ ‡ 7UDGLWLRQ ‡ 8QLYHUVDOLVP
/HYHOVRI/HDGHUVKLS $GPLQLVWUDWLYH/HDGHUVKLS‡6XSHUYLVRU\/HDG
HUVKLS‡'LUHFW/HDGHUVKLS
+RZ$UH/HDGHUV,GHQWLILHG $SSRLQWPHQW‡(OHFWLRQ‡(PHUJHQFH‡&KDULVPD
‡7KH+DOR(IIHFW
3RZHU &RHUFLYH‡&RQQHFWLRQV1HWZRUNLQJ‡(PSRZHU
PHQW‡([SHUW3RZHU‡+HOSOHVVQHVV‡,QGLUHFW
3RZHU‡,QIRUPDWLRQDO‡/HJLWLPDWH‡5HIHUHQW
&KDULVPD‡5HZDUG‡6RFLDO6WDWXV
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter ;^V
Leadership ;heories and StyleZ
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV (DUO\7KHRULHV 7UDLW7KHRULHV‡$WWULEXWLRQ7KHRU\‡%HKDYLRUDO
7KHRULHV‡7KH,QIOXHQFHRI6WH HRW\SHV
/HDGHUVKLS6W\OHV $XWRFUDWLF ‡ 'HPRFUDWLF ‡ /DLVVH]IDLUH ‡ 7DQQHQEDXPDQG6FKPLGW&RQWLQXXPRI/HDGHU
%HKDYLRUV
/DWHU7KHRULHV 6LWXDWLRQDO7KHRULHV‡&RQWLQJHQF\7KHRU\‡
/HDGHUVKLS)DFWRUV‡0DQDJHULDO*ULG‡/LNHUW
6\VWHPRI0DQDJHPHQW‡&RPSUHKHQVLYH9LHZ
RI/HDGHUVKLS
&RQWHPSRUDU\9LHZVRI/HDGHUVKLS 7UDQVDFWLRQDO/HDGHUVKLS‡7UDQVIRUPDWLRQDO
/HDGHUVKLS‡6HUYDQW/HDGHUVKLS
/HDGHUVKLSDQG&XOWXUH &ROOHFWLYLVW&XOWXUDO3HUVSHFWLYH‡,QGLYLGXDOLVW
&XOWXUDO3HUVSHFWLYH
&KRRVLQJWKH$SSURSULDWH/HDGHUVKLS6W\OH 6XPPDU\ &KRRVLQJDQ$SSURSULDWH/HDGHUVKLS6W\OH
%HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter ;OYLL
Leadership and Human DevLSVWTLU[
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 7KHRULHVRI+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW 'HYHORSPHQW$FFRUGLQJWR3LDJHW‡.RKOEHUJ¶V
7KHRU\RI0RUDO'HYHORSPHQW‡0RUDOLW\%DVHG
RQDQ(WKLFRI&DUH
*HQGHUDQG'HYHORSPHQW /LIH6WDJHVDQG$JH*URXSV &KLOGKRRG‡$GROHVFHQFH‡$GXOWKRRG
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
vi • Leadership in Leisure Services: Making a Difference, ;hird Edition
Section I0
>orking with People:
Essential Skills of LeadershiW
Chapter FV\Y
Group Dynamics:
;he Essence of LeadershiW
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 'HILQLWLRQ *URXSV7KH*RRGDQGWKH%DG :K\'R3HRSOH-RLQ*URXSV" (OHPHQWVRI*URXSV 6KDUHG*RDOV‡0HPEHUVKLS‡&RKHVLRQ²6RFLDO
DQG7DVN‡3DUWLFLSDWLRQ‡,QIOXHQ H‡1RUPV‡
$WPRVSKHUH‡/HDGHUVKLS‡7DVN)XQFWLRQV‡
0DLQWHQDQFH)XQFWLRQV‡'HFLVLRQ0DNLQJ‡
-XGJPHQW‡&RQIOL W
%HKDYLRU6W\OHV 'LUHFWRU‡6RFLDOL]HU‡5HODWHU‡7KLQNHU
/DEHOLQJ:LWKRXW/DEHOV *URXS'HYHORSPHQW *HWWLQJWR.QRZ2QH$QRWKHU‡5HODWLRQVKLS
%XLOGLQJ‡2SSRVLWLRQDQG&RQIOL W‡8QLW\‡
3URGXFWLYLW\‡'LVVROXWLRQ
6WURQJDQG(IIHFWLYH*URXSV %DUULHUVWR(IIHFWLYH*URXSV
*URXS5ROHV 3RVLWLYH*URXS5ROHV‡1HJDWLYH*URXS5ROHV
7HDP%XLOGLQJ 7DNH&DUHRI2QH¶V6HOI‡7DNH&DUHRI(DFK
2WKHU‡7DNH&DUHRI)DFLOLWLHV(TXLSPHQWDQG
6XSSOLHV‡+DYH%DODQFHLQ2QH¶V/LIH‡*LYH
WKH 2WKHU 3HUVRQ WKH %HQHILW RI WKH 'RXEW ‡
%ULQJ <RXU %HVW WR (DFK 6LWXDWLRQ ‡ 3XW WKH
2WKHU3HUVRQ)LUVW‡7KLQN³:H´DQG6XSSRUW
2WKHU7HDP0HPEHUV‡0HOG3HUVRQDO*RDOV
ZLWKWKH7HDP*RDOV‡$SSUHFLDWHWKH6WUHQJWKV
'LYHUVLW\DQG/LPLWDWLRQV(DFK3HUVRQ%ULQJV
WRWKH7HDP
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter FP]L
Communication Skills for LeaderZ
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 'HILQLQJWKH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ3URFHV 6HQGHU ‡ 0HVVDJH ‡ &KDQQHO ‡ 5HFHLYHU ‡
)HHGEDFN‡1RLVH
)XQFWLRQVRI&RPPXQLFDWLRQ 3HUVXDVLRQ,QIOXHQ H‡,QIRUPDWLRQ6KDULQJ‡
6RFLDO([SUHVVLYH‡&RPPDQG,QVWUXFW‡&RQ
IOLFW5HVROXWL Q
(IIHFWLYH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ ,QFUHDVLQJ&RPPXQLFDWLRQ(IIHFWLYHQHVV 6SHDNDQG:ULWHDWWKH$XGLHQFH/HYHO‡&RP
PXQLFDWHWR6KDUH,GHDV‡&RQVLGHU%RWK)DFW
DQG)HHOLQJ$VSHFWVRI&RPPXQLFDWLRQ‡&RQ
VLGHU,QWHQWYV,QWHUSUHWDWLRQ‡0LVFRPPXQL
FDWLRQ‡%DUULHUVWR&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
9HUEDO/DQJXDJH /LVWHQLQJ‡$WWHQGLQJ6NLOOV‡)ROORZLQJ6NLOOV‡
5HflHFWLQJ6NLOOV‡)DFWRUV,QflXHQFLQJWKH$ELOLW\
WR/LVWHQ(IIHFWLYHO\
,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ (WKQLF9DULDWLRQVLQ9HUEDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ‡
5DFLVP LQ 9HUEDO &RPPXQLFDWLRQ ‡ *HQGHU
9DULDWLRQVLQ9HUEDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ‡6H[LVP
LQ&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
)DFLOLWDWLRQDQG3URFHVVLQJ /HWWKH([SHULHQFH6SHDNIRU,WVHOI‡6SHDNIRU
WKH ([SHULHQFH ‡ 'HEULHI WKH ([SHULHQFH ‡ 'LUHFWO\ )URQWORDG WKH ([SHULHQFH ‡ )UDPH
WKH([SHULHQFH
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter Si_
5VU]erbal CommunicatioU
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV )XQFWLRQVRI1RQYHUEDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ ,PSUHVVLRQ0DQDJHPHQW‡6LJQRI0HPEHUVKLS
‡5HJXODWH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ‡3URYLGH)HHGEDFN
‡5HSHDWRU(PSKDVL]H9HUEDO0HVVDJH‡6XE
VWLWXWHIRU:RUGV‡([SUHVV6RFLDO5HODWLRQVKLSV
%RG\/DQJXDJH 3UR[LPLW\ ‡ 7RXFK ‡ (\H &RQWDFW ‡ )DFLDO ([SUHVVLRQV‡*HVWXUHV‡3RVWXUH‡2OIDFWLFV
RU3HUVRQDO2GRUV‡3K\VLFDO$SSHDUDQFH‡
&KURQHPLFV
3DUDYHUEDO/DQJXDJH 3LWFK‡5DWH‡9ROXPH‡,QIOHFWL Q‡$FFHQWV‡
6LOHQFHVDQG3DXVHV‡0LVFHOODQHRXV6RXQGV
6\PEROLF/DQJXDJH :ULWWHQ/DQJXDJH (OHFWURQLF&RPPXQLFDWLRQHPDLO/LVWVHUYV
DQGWH[WPHVVDJHV
6XPPDU\ http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
;able of Contents • vii
%HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter SevLU
Managing DifficultieZ
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV :KDW$UH&RQIOLFW5HVROXWLRQDQG'LIILFXOW 0DQDJHPHQW" 7KH6WUXJJOH6SHFWUXP (VFDODWLRQ‡'HHVFDODWLRQ
5HDVRQVDQG6RXUFHVRI&RQIOLF 'LVWULEXWLRQ RI 5HVRXUFHV ‡ ,QGLYLGXDO 3V\
FKRORJLFDO1HHGV‡9DOXH'LIIHUHQFHV
)DFWRUV7KDW,QIOXHQFH&RQIOLFW,QWHQVL $SSURDFKHVWR&RQflLFW‡,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RQflLFWV
(IIHFWLYH&RQIOLFW0DQDJHPHQ &RQVWUXFWLYH 0DQDJHPHQW RI 'LIILFXOWL V ‡
6HYHQ3KDVH0RGHORI0DQDJLQJ'LIILFXOWL V
$VVHUWLYHQHVVLQ0DQDJLQJ'LIILFXOWLH $JJUHVVLYH %HKDYLRUV ‡ 3DVVLYH %HKDYLRUV ‡
0DQLSXODWLYH%HKDYLRUV‡$VVHUWLYH%HKDYLRU
(PRWLRQVDQG0DQDJLQJ'LIILFXOWLH 0HGLDWLRQDQG/HDGHUVKLS5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV 7KH0HGLDWLRQ3URFHVV 6WHS ²6HW WKH 7RQH ‡ 6WHS ²'HILQH DQG
'LVFXVV WKH &RQIOL W ‡ 6WHS ²6XPPDUL]H
3URJUHVV‡6WHS²([SORUH$OWHUQDWLYH6ROX
WLRQV‡6WHS²6HWD7LPHIRU)ROORZXS‡7KH
0HGLDWLRQ3URFHVV
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV :K\%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW,V1HHGHG 3ULQFLSOHVRI%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW 0DNH ,W DQ $JHQF\ 3URFHVV ‡ $VVHVV 6HOI
$ZDUHQHVV‡%H3URDFWLYH‡%H3UHSDUHG‡2IIHU
&RUUHFWLYH )HHGEDFN ‡$YRLG 1HJOHFWLQJ WKH
(QWLUH*URXS‡)RFXVRQWKH%HKDYLRU1RWWKH
3HUVRQ‡3URWHFWDQG0DLQWDLQWKH'LJQLW\RI
WKH3DUWLFLSDQW‡+HOSDQG1XUWXUHWKH7DUJHWRI
0LVEHKDYLRUV‡%H&RQVLVWHQWDQG)DLU‡7DUJHW
8QGHUO\LQJ&DXVHVRI8QGHVLUHG%HKDYLRUV‡
$YRLGD3RZHU6WUXJJOH
%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW7HFKQLTXHV 8QREWUXVLYH RU 3UHYHQWDWLYH 7HFKQLTXHV ‡
'LVFHUQLEOH7HFKQLTXHV‡2EWUXVLYH7HFKQLTXHV
6HOHFWLQJ$SSURSULDWH7HFKQLTXHV ,QHIIHFWLYH%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW7HFKQLTXHV
0RWLYDWLRQ 0DVORZ¶V+LHUDUFK\RI1HHGV‡0F&OHOODQG¶V
7ULFKRWRP\ RI 0RWLYDWLRQ ‡ )LYH 6RXUFHV RI
0RWLYDWLRQ‡)ORZ‡)DFLOLWDWLQJ0RWLYDWLRQ
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Section II0
Synergy in Leadership:
Pulling It All ;VNL[OLY
Chapter Eigh[
Managing and Moti]ating Participant Beha]PVYZ
Chapter NinL
+P]ersity and Leisure Services LeadershiW
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKH%DVLFV &XOWXUDO&RPSHWHQFH &KDQJHVLQ'LYHUVLW\,VVXHV 'LPHQVLRQVRI'LYHUVLW\ &RUH 3ULPDU\ 'LPHQVLRQV ‡ 6HFRQGDU\ 'LPHQVLRQV
'LYHUVLW\DQG3ULYLOHJH :KDW/HDGHUV&DQ'R &RQVLGHULQJ6H[*HQGHU‡&RQVLGHULQJ$JH‡
&RQVLGHULQJ5DFH(WKQLFLW\‡&RQVLGHULQJ6H[
XDO2ULHQWDWLRQ‡&RQVLGHULQJ3K\VLFDO&RJQL
WLYH$ELOLWLHVDQG4XDOLWLHV
%HFRPLQJD3OXUDOLVWLF/HDGHU 6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV /HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 'HILQLWLRQ %HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW‡'LVFLSOLQH‡%HKDY
LRU0RGLILFDWL Q
3RZHUDQG%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW $SSURDFKHVWR%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW 3UHYHQWDWLYH0DQDJHPHQW‡0RUDO(GXFDWLRQ‡
$IIHFWLYHDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ0RGHOV‡%HKDYLRU
0RGLILFDWL Q‡$VVHUWLYH'LVFLSOLQH‡5HDOLW\
7KHUDS\‡6RFLDO6NLOOV7UDLQLQJ‡%HKDYLRUDO
DQG)DPLO\7KHUDS\
3XUSRVHVRI%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW )DFWRUV$IIHFWLQJ%HKDYLRU0DQDJHPHQW 'HYHORSPHQWDO$ELOLW\‡$JH‡+HDOWK'LVDELOLW\
6WDWXV‡*HQGHU‡&XOWXUDO%DFNJURXQG
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
viii • Leadership in Leisure Services: Making a Difference, ;hird Edition
Chapter ;LU
=HS\LZ HUK ,[OPJZ PU 3LPZ\YL :LY]PJLZ 3LHKLYZOPW
Chapter ;^LS]L
Direct Leadership ;LJOUPX\LZ
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 7KH5ROHRI9DOXHVDQG(WKLFVLQ/HLVXUH
/HDGHUVKLS (WKLFVDV*XLGHV
)RXQGDWLRQDO9DOXHV 3HUFHSWLRQVRI(WKLFV‡3URPRWLQJ3RVLWLYH6R
FLDO9DOXHV‡(WKLFDO'HFLVLRQ0DNLQJ‡(WKLFDO
'HFLVLRQ0DNLQJ3URFHVV‡4XHVWLRQVIRU3DXVH
(WKLFRI5LJKWVDQG-XVWLFHRU(WKLFRI&DUH" /HDGHU 7UDLWV DQG (WKLFV ‡ 3ULQFLSOHG /HDGHUVKLS
&RGHVRI(WKLFV &DVH6WXGLHV 1R)RUP1R7ULS‡:LSHG2XW"‡-XVW7RXJK
HQLQJ ¶(P 8S ‡ 7KH 2OG )RONV ‡ :KDW $UH
)ULHQGV)RU"
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV /HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV /HDGHUVKLS3UHSDUDWLRQ²3KDVH, *URXS&RPSRVLWLRQ‡5LVN0DQDJHPHQW&RQ
VLGHUDWLRQV‡*RDOVDQG2EMHFWLYHV‡6HWWLQJ
WKH7RQH‡+HOSIXO+LQWV
3ULPLQJWKH*URXS²3KDVH,, *HWWLQJD*URXS¶V$WWHQWLRQ‡'LYLGLQJ*URXSV
‡/HDUQLQJ1DPHV
'HOLYHU\²3KDVH,,, ,QWURGXFLQJDQ$FWLYLW\‡*LYLQJ'LUHFWLRQV‡
/HDGLQJ6RQJV‡7UDQVLWLRQV‡&RQFOXGLQJD
/HDGHUVKLS6HVVLRQ
&RQGXFWLQJ6XFFHVVIXO0HHWLQJV 9LUWXDO0HHWLQJV
(IIHFWLYH2UDO3UHVHQWDWLRQV 3UHSDUDWLRQ‡'HOLYHU\‡9LVXDO$LGV
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV Chapter ElevLU
Risk Management in Direct LeadershiW
Chapter ;OPY[LLU
Selected Social and Professional Issues
Affecting Leisure Services LeaderZ
/HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV &ULPLQDO/DZDQG7RUW/DZ 1HJOLJHQFH
7\SHVRI6XSHUYLVLRQ *HQHUDO6XSHUYLVLRQ‡7UDQVLWLRQDO6XSHUYLVLRQ
‡6SHFLILF6XSHUYLVL Q
/HDGHUVDV6XSHUYLVRUV &RPSHWHQF\‡6XSHUYLVRU/RFDWLRQ‡6XSHUYLVRU
)XQFWLRQV
&RQGXFWRIWKH$FWLYLW\ .QRZOHGJHRI3DUWLFLSDQWV‡.QRZOHGJHRIWKH
$FWLYLW\‡.QRZOHGJHRIWKH(QYLURQPHQW
)DFLOLWLHVDQG(QYLURQPHQW 7KH8VHRI)RUPVLQ5LVN0DQDJHPHQW 7\SHVRI)RUPV
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV /HDUQLQJ2SSRUWXQLWLHV 6RFLDO,VVXHV &KLOG$EXVH‡6LJQVRI&KLOG0DOWUHDWPHQW‡
5HSRUWLQJ 6XVSHFWHG $EXVH ‡ (OGHU $EXVH ‡
8QLYHUVDO 3UHFDXWLRQV DQG %ORRG%RUQH
3DWKRJHQV
3URIHVVLRQDO,VVXHV 3URIHVVLRQDO&HUWLILFDWLR V‡6SHFLDOW\&HUWL
ILFDWLR V‡3URIHVVLRQDO$VVRFLDWLRQV
6XPPDU\ %HJLQQLQJWKH-RXUQH\ 5HIHUHQFHV 0UKL_ . http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
List of FPN\YLZ
,QGLYLGXDOH[SHULHQFHVDQGFXOWXUHLQIOXHQFH RQH¶VYLHZVRIOHDGHUVKLS 7KHUHDUHIRXUFRPSRQHQWVWRWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDO
OHDGHUVKLS (OHPHQWVRIOHDGHUVKLS 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQDOOHDGHUVKLSKDVPXFKLQ
FRPPRQZLWKHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH /HDGHUVKLSDQGIROORZHUVKLSDUHLQWHUUHODWHG
DQGLQWHUGHSHQGHQW 7KH)ROORZHU&UHHG 6HUYDQWOHDGHUVKLSKDVWHQGLVWLQFWLYH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV &UHDWLYLW\UHTXLUHVOHDGHUVWRVHHPDQ\GLIIHUHQW
WKLQJVLQRQHVLWXDWLRQ &ROOHFWLYLVPDQGLQGLYLGXDOLVP &KRRVLQJDQDSSURSULDWHOHDGHUVKLSVW\OH 7KUHHOHDGHUVNLOODUHDV )RXUVWDJHVRIGHYHORSPHQWDFFRUGLQJWR3LDJHW 0DQ\TXDOLWLHVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHIIHFWLYH
OHDGHUVKLS .RKOEHUJSRVWXODWHGDERXWPRUDOGHYHORS
PHQWDFURVVWKHOLIHVSDQDQGYLHZHGWKLV
GHYHORSPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYHDQGLQWHJUDWLYH (IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLSUHTXLUHVDOHDGHUWRKDYH
DVROLGFRUHRIYDOXHV (WKLFRIULJKWVDQGMXVWLFHDQGWKHHWKLFRIFDUH 2UJDQL]DWLRQVKDYHWKUHHOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLS 7LPHOLQHZLWKGHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHVLGHQWLfiHG /HDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHGLQILYHG IHUHQWZD\V *URXSVDUHLPSDFWHGE\ERWKLQWHUQDODQG
H[WHUQDOIRUFHV /HDGHUVXVHHOHYHQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRISRZHULQ
YDULRXVVLWXDWLRQV $FFRUGLQJWRWKHJUHDWPDQWKHRU\RIOHDGHUVKLS
VXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVDUHERUQZLWKLQQDWHOHDGHU
TXDOLWLHV $OOJURXSVFRQVLVWRIVLPLODUHOHPHQWVDQG
DOOHOHPHQWVLPSDFWRQJURXSVXFFHVV 7KHUHDUHWKUHHSULPDU\JRDOUHODWLRQVKLS
SRVVLELOLWLHVEHWZHHQOHDGHUVDQGIROORZHUV %HKDYLRUDOWKHRULHVGHVFULEHOHDGHUVKLSLQ
WHUPVRIOHDGHUIXQFWLRQVRUWDVNV 6RFLDODQGWDVNFRKHVLRQ <XNO¶VPRGHORIOHDGHUVKLS *URXSGHYHORSPHQWJRHVWKURXJKVHYHUDOVWDJHV /HDGHUVKLSVW\OHVPLJKWEHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\
WKHVHOHDGHUV¶ZRUGV 7DQQHQEDXPDQG6FKPLGWFRQWLQXXPRIOHDGHU
VKLSEHKDYRUV 6LWXDWLRQDOOHDGHUVKLSLQYROYHVUHODWLRQVKLSDQG
WDVNEHKDYLRUVWKHPDWXULW\RIWKHJURXSDQG
OHDGHUVKLSVW\OH )LHGOHU¶VFRQWLQJHQF\WKHRU\ ,QLWLDWLRQDQGFRQVLGHUDWLRQDUHWZRGLPHQVLRQV
RIOHDGHUVKLS %ODNHDQG0RXWRQ¶VPDQDJHULDOJULG
H[SODLQVOHDGHUVKLSDVWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQRIWZR
IRFL²DFRQFHUQIRUSHRSOHDQGDFRQFHUQ
IRUWDVN 7KH/LNHUWV\VWHPRIPDQDJHPHQWLOOXVWUDWHV
OHDGHUVKLSDVDFRQWLQXXP 7KHFRPSUHKHQVLYHYLHZRIOHDGHUVKLSVXJJHVWV
OHDGHUVKLSLVDFRPELQDWLRQRIOHDGHUVIROORZHUV
DQGWKHVSHFLDOFLUFXPVWDQFHVRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ 7UDQVDFWLRQDOOHDGHUVKLSKDVWKUHHFRPSRQHQWV )RXUSULPDU\EHKDYLRUVW\OHVfiWDORQJWZRD[HV $OHDGHUPXVWEHDZDUHRIDQGWU\WRPLQLPL]H
WKHPDQ\EDUULHUVWRHIIHFWLYHO\IXQFWLRQLQJ
JURXSV 3RVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHJURXSUROHVHQKDQFH
DQGGHWUDFWIURPDJURXS /HDGHUVFDQIDFLOLWDWHWHDPGHYHORSPHQW
WKURXJKFRQVLGHULQJPDQ\IDFWRUV $EDVLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGHO 5.2 7KHUHDUHILYHIXQFWLRQVRIFRPPXQLFDWLR (IIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQYROYHVLQWHUQDO
DQGH[WHUQDOLQIOXHQFH 7KH6L[&VRI&RPPXQLFDWLRQ (IIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWRUVGRPDQ\WKLQJVDW
RQHWLPH 5.6 $WWHQGLQJIROORZLQJDQGUHIOHFWLQJVNLOOV DUHDOOFRPSRQHQWVRIDFWLYHOLVWHQLQJ ,QWHUFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVGHSHQGHQW
XSRQRXUFXOWXUDOZRUOGYLHZV 5DFLVPDQGELDVLQODQJXDJHFRPHVLQPDQ\
IRUPV http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
x • Leadership in Leisure Services: Making a Difference, ;hird Edition
:RPHQDQGPHQKDYHGLIIHUHQWFXOWXUDOfiOWHUV
WKURXJKZKLFKWKH\FRPPXQLFDWH &RUUHFWLYHIHHGEDFNKDVVHYHUDOVWHSV )DFLOLWDWLRQJRDOVFDQEHTXLWHGLYHUVH 8QREWUXVLYHWHFKQLTXHVPLQLPL]HXQGHVLUDEOH
EHKDYLRUVIURPRFFXUULQJ 7\SHVRITXHVWLRQVDVNHGGXULQJGHEULHILQJ 5XOHVIRUUXOHV 7KHILYHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIIDFLOLWDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV 3ULQFLSOHVRIXVLQJFRQVHTXHQFHV )XQFWLRQVRIQRQYHUEDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 3RZHUDQGGRPLQDQFHDUHPDGHHYLGHQWLQD
OHDGHU¶VXVHRISHUVRQDOVSDFHDQGVSDFLDO
DUUDQJHPHQWV $JHJHQGHUFXOWXUHDQGZHOOEHLQJDOOUHODWH
WRWKHDELOLW\WRFRUUHFWO\LQWHUSUHWQRQYHUEDO
ODQJXDJH 6HDWLQJG\QDPLFVFDQLQIOXHQFHH IHFWLYH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6WHSVWRGHYHORSDVRFLDOFRQWUDFW 7KHPRWLYDWLRQSURFHVVLVF\FOLFDO 0DVORZ¶VKLHUDUFK\RIQHHGVRIIHUVDFOHDU
ORRNDWWKHSULPDU\PRWLYDWRUVRISDUWLFLSDQWV 0F&OHOODQGEHOLHYHVDOOSHRSOHDUHPRWLYDWHG
E\WKUHHIDFWRUV 7KHFRQFHSWRIflRZLQYROYHVPDWFKLQJOHYHO
RIVNLOOZLWKWKHOHYHORIFKDOOHQJH 'LYHUVLW\RIIHUVPDQ\EHQHILWVWRDJURX 3DUDYHUEDOODQJXDJHFRQVLVWVRIVHYHUDOHOHPHQWV &XOWXUHPD\EHSHUFHLYHGDVDQLFHEHUJZLWK
YDULRXVHOHPHQWVDERYHDQGEHORZWKHZDWHU
OLQH ([DPSOHVRIV\PEROLFODQJXDJH 7ZRYLHZVRIFXOWXUDOUHODWLRQVKLSV 7LPHLVYLHZHGIURPWZRFXOWXUDOSHUVSHFWLYHV :ULWLQJVNLOOVUHTXLUHGRIOHDGHUVFRPHLQ
PDQ\IRUPV 'LPHQVLRQVRIGLYHUVLW\ZKHHO %HQHILWVRIFRQIOL 9.5 3OXUDOLVWLFOHDGHUVPDNHFRQVFLRXVGHFLVLRQV
DERXWLQWHJUDWLQJGLYHUVLW\LQWRWKHLUOLYHV 'HYHORSPHQWRIFRQIOLF 7UXVWDVDNH\VWRQHWROHDGHUVKLS 3URFHVVRIGHHVFDODWLRQ 6RXUFHVDQGUHDVRQVIRUFRQIOLF 7KHfiYHFRPPRQDSSURDFKHVWRPDQDJLQJ
FRQIOLFWVPD\EHSODFHGRQDQDVVHUWLYHQHVV FRRSHUDWLRQJULG 6HOIDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOUHIOHFWLRQDUH LPSRUWDQWWRROVRIDOHDGHU 6RXUFHVRIHWKLFVDUHYDULHG 10.4 )RXUEDVLFHWKLFDOWHQVLRQV 'LPHQVLRQVRILQWHUFXOWXUDOJURXSGLIIHUHQFHV (WKLFVRIULJKWVYVHWKLFVRIFDUH²GLIIHULQJ
YLHZVRIHWKLFDOSRVLWLRQV &URVVFXOWXUDOFRQIOLFWUHVROXWLRQVNLOO )RXUOHYHOVRISULQFLSOHGOHDGHUVKLS $FRQVWUXFWLYHFRQflLFWPDQDJHUKDVPDQ\WUDLWV %UDLQVWRUPLQJLVOLNHDWKXQGHUVWRUPZKHUH
LGHDVflRZOLNHUDLQGURSVDQGFUHDWLYLW\flDVKHV
OLNHOLJKWQLQJ )RUQHJOLJHQFHWREHIRXQGDOOIRXUHOHPHQWV
PXVWH[LVW 7\SHVRIVXSHUYLVLRQ 7.10 7KHVHYHQSKDVHPRGHOIRUPDQDJLQJSUREOHPV /HDGHUVZKRDUHDFWLQJLQDVXSHUYLVRU\
FDSDFLW\PXVWEHFRPSHWHQW $VVHUWLYHQHVVLVDFRPELQDWLRQRIUHVSHFWIRU
VHOIDQGRWKHUV )RUVDIHW\UHDVRQVOHDGHUVPXVWNQRZJHQHUDO
LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHLUSDUWLFLSDQWV $QLQGHSWKORRNDWDPHGLDWLRQSURFHVV 5LVNPDQDJHPHQWFKHFNOLVW 'HILQLWLRQVRINH\FRQFHSW 'LVFLSOLQHDQGSRZHUUHODWHWREHKDYLRU
PDQDJHPHQW 5HFUHDWLRQOHDGHUVZLOOXVHDYDULHW\RIIRUPV
GHVLJQHGWRPLQLPL]HULVNV 5HDVRQVWRXVHEHKDYLRUPDQDJHPHQW .QRZLQJWKHFRPSRVLWLRQRIRQH¶VJURXSLV
DSUHUHTXLVLWHWRHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS )DFWRUVWRFRQVLGHUZKHQFKRRVLQJEHKDYLRU
PDQDJHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV :KDWLI"SUHSDUHVWKHOHDGHUIRUWKH
XQH[SHFWHG 3ULQFLSOHVRIEHKDYLRUPDQDJHPHQWJXLGH
HIIHFWLYHOHDGHUV )RXUW\SHVRIJRDOV &RPPRQW\SHVRISDUWLFLSDQWJRDOV http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
-igures and ;HISLZ • xi
2EMHFWLYHVDVVWDLUVWHSV 7KUHHW\SHVRIREMHFWLYHV 7RGHWHUPLQHLIDQREMHFWLYHLVZHOOZULWWHQ
DQGPHHWVQHHGHGFULWHULDDVNWKHVHTXHVWLRQV List of ;HISLZ
( 0LGGOH&KLOGKRRGDJHV±\HDUV ) 2OGHU&KLOGKRRGDJHV±\HDUV +HOSIXOKLQWVIRUVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVKLS * (DUO\$GROHVFHQFHDJHV±\HDUV 7UDQVLWLRQVVHUYHDVSV\FKRORJLFDOEULGJHV
EHWZHHQVWHSVRIDQDFWLYLW\DQGEHWZHHQ
GLIIHUHQWDFWLYLWLHV + $GROHVFHQFHDJHV±\HDUV $OOOHDGHUVDUHLQYROYHGLQPHHWLQJV 6DPSOHDJHQGD 6DPSOHPLQXWHV (IIHFWLYHSUHVHQWDWLRQVLQYROYHWKHVDPH
HOHPHQWVDVDFWLYLW\OHDGHUVKLS &KRRVLQJDSSURSULDWHYLVXDODLGVUHTXLUHV
FDUHIXOWKRXJKWDQGFRQVLGHUDWLRQ (IIHFWLYHSUHVHQWDWLRQVPDNHXVHRIDYDULHW\
RIYLVXDODLGV 2QFHDPDQGDWRU\UHSRUWHURIFKLOGDEXVH
UHSRUWVDVXVSHFWHGFDVHWKHSURFHVVPRYHV
IRUZDUG &DYHDWVIRUOHDGHUVUHODWHGWRFKLOGDEXVH 8QLYHUVDOSUHFDXWLRQVDUHMXVWWKDW²WKH\
DSSO\WRHYHU\RQHLQDOOVLWXDWLRQVZKHUH
ERG\IOXLGVPLJKWEHWUDQVIHUUH 7KHEHQHILWVRIMRLQLQJDQGSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQ SURIHVVLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVDUHTXLWHYDULHG , <RXQJ$GXOWKRRGDJHV±\HDUV - 0LGGOH$GXOWKRRGDJHV±\HDUV . 2OGHU$GXOWKRRGDJHV±\HDUV 3H 6HQLRUVDJHV±\HDUV 0 (OGHUO\DJHV\HDUV 1 $SSO\LQJKXPDQGHYHORSPHQWLQIRUPDWLRQ ( *URXSTXDOLWLHV7KHJRRGDQGWKHEDG ) $GYDQWDJHVDQGGLVDGYDQWDJHVRIGHFLVLRQ
PDNLQJVW\OHV * /HDGHUVVKRXOGFRQVLGHUWKHQHHGVRIWKHIRXU
EHKDYLRUDOVW\OHVZKHQGHFLGLQJDSSURSULDWH
OHDGHUVKLSDSSURDFKHV + &KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIHIIHFWLYHDQGLQHIIHFWLYH
JURXSV ( (IIHFWLYHDQGLQHIIHFWLYHIHHGEDFNEHKDYLRUV ( %HKDYLRUDOFKDQJHVRYHUWKH\HDUV ) .H\GLIIHUHQFHVLQDSSURDFKHVWREHKDYLRU
PDQDJHPHQW *5HDVRQVSHRSOHDFWRXW + *LYLQJDSSURSULDWHSUDLVH , 3RVLWLYHGLVFLSOLQH - 3ULQFLSOHVRIPRWLYDWLRQ ( 7KUHHFODVVLfiFDWLRQVRIPHQWDOUHWDUGDWLRQ ( /HDGHUVXSHUYLVLRQFRQVWDQWO\FKDQJHV ( 6DPSOHYHUEVIRUXVHLQZULWLQJREMHFWLYHV ( 7KHIRXUFDWHJRULHVRIPDOWUHDWPHQWLGHQWLfiHG
E\ODZ ) 6HOHFWHG$PHULFDQ5HG&URVVDQG$PHULFDQ
+HDUW$VVRFLDWLRQ&35ILUVWDLGDQGVDIHW\ WUDLQLQJV http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
7YLMHJL
/HDGHUVKLSLVDSURFHVVDQGDQH[SHULHQFHWKDWLPSDFWVDOO
DVDIUDPHZRUNDURXQGZKLFKWKHRWKHUWZRVHFWLRQVDUH
RIXVLQRXUUROHVDVOHDGHUVDQGDVIROORZHUV*HQHUDOO\
EXLOW7KLVVHFWLRQRIIHUVEDFNJURXQGPDWHULDOVXFKDV
OHDGHUVKLSLVDSRVLWLYHRSSRUWXQLW\WKDWHQDEOHVXVWR
GHfiQLWLRQVWKHRULHVDQGPDWHULDODERXWKXPDQGHYHORS
OHDUQDERXWRXUVHOYHVDQGRWKHUV0RVWRIXVORRNXSWR
PHQW7KHVHDUHHVVHQWLDOO\WKHEHGURFNXSRQZKLFKWKH
OHDGHUVKRQRUOHDGHUVDQGVWULYHWREHFRPHPRUHOLNH
RWKHUHOHPHQWVRIOHDGHUVKLSDUHEXLOW7KHLQIRUPDWLRQ
WKHP7KHUHLVVRPHWKLQJDERXWDOHDGHUWKDWGUDZVRXU
IRXQGLQWKLVVHFWLRQZLOOVHUYHDVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUDOO
DWWHQWLRQDQGLQflXHQFHVRXULQWHQWLRQV:HNQRZOHDGHUV
WKHPDWHULDOWKDWIROORZV
DUHJRRGSHRSOHZKRPDNHDGLIIHUHQFHLQWKHOLYHVRI
6HFWLRQ,,:RUNLQJZLWK3HRSOH7KH(VVHQWLDO6NLOOV
RWKHUV:KDWZHRIWHQGRQ¶WIXOO\XQGHUVWDQGLVKRZ
RI/HDGHUVKLSSURYLGHVWKHGHYHORSLQJOHDGHUZLWKLQIRU
OHDGHUVPDNHWKDWSRVLWLYHLPSDFW²7KDWLVSDUWRIWKH
PDWLRQDERXWWKHLQWHUSHUVRQDOVLGHRIOHDGHUVKLS0DQ\
DOOXUHRIOHDGHUVKLS
DUJXHWKDWOHDGHUVKLSLVDOODERXWLQWHUSHUVRQDOFRPSR
7KURXJKRXWWKLVWH[W\RXZLOOUHDGDERXWOHDGHUVKLS
QHQWVDIWHUDOODOHDGHULQWHUDFWVZLWKRWKHUVWKURXJK
DVDSHUVRQDOMRXUQH\WKDWUHTXLUHVFRQVFLRXVHIIRUWWR
HYHU\WKLQJVKHRUKHGRHV+HUH\RXZLOOEHJLQWRFRQVLGHU
XQGHUWDNH(DFKRQHRIXVLIZHZLVKWREHOLNHWKRVHZKR
LVVXHVVXUURXQGLQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRWLYDWLRQEHKDYLRU
PDNHDSRVLWLYHGLIIHUHQFHLQRWKHUV¶OLYHVZLOOQHHGWRVWHS
PDQDJHPHQWDQGJURXSG\QDPLFV$OORIWKHVHDUHDVDUH
IRUZDUGDQGFODLPRXURZQOHDGHUVKLSMRXUQH\7RGRVR
KHDYLO\LQWHUUHODWHGDQGKDYHDODUJHLPSDFWRQVXFFHVVIXO
ZHZLOOLQFUHDVHRXUVHOIDZDUHQHVVDQGEHFRPHPRUH
OHDGHUVKLS
DOHUWDQGUHFHSWLYHWRQHZNQRZOHGJHDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
7KHJRDORI6HFWLRQ,,,6\QHUJ\3XOOLQJLW$OO
7KLVWH[WEHJLQVE\DGGUHVVLQJWKHLQWHQWLRQDOLW\RI
7RJHWKHULVWREULQJWRJHWKHUWKHIRXQGDWLRQDOPDWHULDO
OHDGHUVKLS(DFKRQHRIXVFDQGHFLGHWRGD\WRPRUURZRU
IURP6HFWLRQ,EOHQGLWZLWKWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQ6HFWLRQ,,
WKHQH[WGD\WRWDNHDVWHSWRZDUGLQFUHDVLQJRXUSHUVRQDO
DQGFKDOOHQJH\RXUVHOIWRWKLQNDERXWWKHDSSOLFDWLRQDQG
OHDGHUVKLSVNLOOV:HDORQHGHFLGHWKHVHULRXVQHVVRIRXU
SUDFWLFHRIOHDGHUVKLS7KXVGLYHUVLW\OHDGHUYDOXHVDQG
LQWHQWLRQVWKHLQWHQVLW\EHKLQGWKRVHLQWHQWLRQVDQGWKH
HWKLFVULVNPDQDJHPHQWDQGSURIHVVLRQDODQGVRFLDO
WUXHJRDORIWKRVHLQWHQWLRQV,IZHWUXO\GHVLUHWREHFRPH
LVVXHVDUHWRSLFVRIGLVFRYHU\LQWKLVVHFWLRQ
PRUHHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVZHPXVWEHJLQZLWKRXUVHOYHV
/HDGHUVKLSLVEHVWGHYHORSHGDQGUHILQHGWKURXJK
/HDGHUVKLSLVRQHRIWKHNH\VWRQHVRIVXFFHVVIXO
H[SHULHQFH7KHUHIRUHGXULQJWKHVWXG\LQJSURFHVVDVVR
SDUNVUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVDJHQFLHVRUJDQL
FLDWHGZLWKWKLVWH[W\RXDUHHQFRXUDJHGWRVHHNRXWDV
]DWLRQVDQGSURJUDPV+RZZHGHDOZLWKSHRSOHDQGKRZ
PDQ\RSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUOHDGHUVKLSSUDFWLFHDVSRVVLEOH
ZHLQWHUDFWZLWKIHOORZVWDIIVXSHUYLVRUVSDUWLFLSDQWVDQG
3UDFWLFH\RXUSXEOLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOV\RXUFRQflLFW
WKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFDOOPDNHDQLQFUHGLEOHVWDWHPHQWDERXW
UHVROXWLRQVNLOOVDQG\RXUPRWLYDWLRQVNLOOV([SRVH\RXU
ZKRZHDUHDQGZKDWRXUSURIHVVLRQLVDERXW7KRVHLQWHU
VHOIWRLVVXHVDQGH[SHULHQFHVRXWVLGHRI\RXUFRPIRUW
DFWLRQVDUHYHU\PXFKOLNHWKHULSSOHFUHDWHGLQDSRQGE\
]RQHWRVWUHWFK\RXUVHOIDQGLQFUHDVH\RXUVHOIDZDUHQHVV
DWKURZQVWRQH7KH\UHDFKIDUDQGZLGH
$VPXFKDVSRVVLEOHSUDFWLFHUHflHFWRQ\RXUH[SHULHQFHV
7KXVLIZHDUHVHULRXVDERXWPDNLQJDSRVLWLYHGLI
VHHNRXWIHHGEDFNDQGSUDFWLFHVRPHPRUH
IHUHQFHLQWKHOLYHVRIRWKHUVZHPXVWEHJLQZLWKVWXG\
/HDGHUVKLSLVDQHYHUHQGLQJMRXUQH\
DQGSHUVRQDOUHIOHFWLRQ 7KLVWH[WLVGHVLJQHGWRKHOS
VWXGHQWVRIOHDGHUVKLSWREHJLQRUUHQHZWKHLUSHUVRQDO
²'--
MRXUQH\WRZDUGOHDGHUVKLS7KHWH[WLVGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHH
PDMRUVHFWLRQV6HFWLRQ,7KH)RXQGDWLRQ'HYHORSLQJ
WKH8QGHUO\LQJ&RQVWUXFWSURYLGHVLQIRUPDWLRQWRVHUYH
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
(JRUV^SLKNTLU[Z
/HDGHUVKLSLVQRWVRPHWKLQJDQ\RQHRIXVFDQGHYHORSLQD
YDFXXPDQG,RZHDGHEWRIJUDWLWXGHWRWKHPDQ\WHDFKHUV
LQP\OLIHIRUZKDWWKH\KDYHVKDUHGLQWHQWLRQDOO\DQG
WKURXJKOLYLQJWKHLUOLYHV,UHFRJQL]HWKDWP\YLHZVDQG
WKRXJKWVDERXWOHDGHUVKLSKDYHHYROYHGRYHUWKHFRXUVHRI
P\OLIHLQZD\VRIZKLFK,DPQRW\HWDZDUH7KXVZKLOH
,ZRXOGOLNHWREHDEOHWRGRVR,DPXQDEOHWRQDPHHDFK
LQGLYLGXDOZKRKDVKHOSHGWRGHYHORSWKHFRQFHSWRI
OHDGHUVKLS,KDYHFRPHWRXQGHUVWDQG+RSHIXOO\WKRVH
SHRSOHNQRZZKRWKH\DUHDQGDFFHSWP\DSSUHFLDWLRQ
IRUWRXFKLQJP\OLIH
7RFRPSHQVDWHIRUVRPHRIWKLVLQWKLVHGLWLRQRI
WKHWH[W,KDYHLQFOXGHGSURILOHVRIOHDGHUV²SHHUVDQG
FROOHDJXHVZKRHDFKGHPRQVWUDWHH[FHOOHQFHLQOHDGHU
VKLS²ZKRUHSUHVHQWWKHPDQ\LQIOXHQFHVLQP\OLIH,
DOVRZLVKWRVSHFLfiFDOO\DFNQRZOHGJHVHYHUDOLQGLYLGXDOV
ZKRKDYHFRQWULEXWHGWRWKLVSURFHVVLQYDULRXVZD\V
0LFKHOH/%DUELQ&KULVWLQD0DQEHFN5LFKDUG<RFXP
.D\:KLWHVLGHDQG*HRI*RGEH\DW9HQWXUH3XEOLVKLQJ
FRQWLQXHWREHZRQGHUIXOSURIHVVLRQDOVZLWKZKRPWR
ZRUN0DUJLH$UQROG/RZHOO&DQHGD\'RQ'H*UDDI
/LQGD.RWRZVNL0LFKDO$QQH/RUG3KLO5HDDQG%HWK
:LOVRQDUHVRPHRIWKHILQHVWH[DPSOHVRIFROOHDJXHV
HQJDJHGLQOHDGHUVKLS²DQGWRWKHP,RZHDJRRGGHDORI
DSSUHFLDWLRQ,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN3DXO-RUGDQ6WHYHQ
1DQWRQ*\ZQQ3RZHOO9LFNL3URFWRUDQG1LQD5REHUWV
IRUWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKLVHGLWLRQRIWKHWH[W7\OHU
7DSSVXQGHUWRRNDELJWDVNZLWKYHU\VKRUWQRWLFHDQG
KDVGRQHDQRXWVWDQGLQJMREZLWKWKHLQVWUXFWRUV¶&'
0\VWXGHQWVDQGWKHJURXSVZLWKZKLFK,ZRUNDUHDOVR
ZRQGHUIXOWHDFKHUVDERXWOHDGHUVKLSDQGIROORZHUVKLS²
WKHLUVDQGPLQH,QDGGLWLRQ,DPLQGHEWHGWRP\QLHFHV
DQGQHSKHZVIRUDOOWKDWWKH\WHDFKLQWKHSOD\IXOQHVVDQG
KRQHVW\RIFKLOGKRRG7KDQN\RX&KULV1LFROH+ROOH\
0DWWKHZ6DUDKDQG&DUWHU
²'--
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Section I
;he Foundation:
+L]eloping the Underlying Construct
/HDGHUVKLSLVDFRPSOH[SURFHVVZKLFKLVFXOWXUDOO\EDVHGDQGQRWIXOO\XQGHU
VWRRG<HWWKURXJKVWXG\DQGSUDFWLFHLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEHOHDUQHGWRDLGLQWKH
XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWOHDGHUVKLSLVDQGKRZWRXVHLWHIIHFWLYHO\7RKHOSLQWKH
VWXG\RIWKHYDULRXVHOHPHQWVRIOHDGHUVKLSWKLVWH[WLVGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHVHFWLRQV
DOORIZKLFKDUHLQH[WULFDEO\LQWHUWZLQHG6XFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVKLSUHTXLUHVPRUHWKDQ
WHFKQLFDOVNLOOVLWDOVRUHTXLUHVDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZK\DQGKRZWKHSUDFWLFHRI
OHDGHUVKLSLQIOXHQFHVWKHSHRSOHZLWKZKRPZHZRUN,QDGGLWLRQLWUHTXLUHVD
FRQVFLRXVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFXOWXUHWKURXJKZKLFKRQHH[SUHVVHVOHDGHUVKLS
,QWKLVVHFWLRQWKHIRXQGDWLRQLVODLGWRKHOSSODFHODWHUPDWHULDOVLQWRSHUVSHF
WLYHDQGWRSURYLGHDFRQWH[WIRUOHDUQLQJPRUHVSHFLILFVNLOOV%DVLFGHILQLWLRQV
YDOXHVWKHRULHVDQGPRGHOVRIOHDGHUVKLSDQGPDWHULDODERXWKXPDQGHYHORSPHQW
IRUPWKHIUDPHDURXQGZKLFKRWKHUOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVDUHEXLOW
%\H[DPLQLQJDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHHYROXWLRQRIKRZOHDGHUVKLSKDVEHHQ
GHILQHGDQGLOOXVWUDWHGRQHFDQPRUHHDVLO\YLHZOHDGHUVKLSDVDSURFHVV :LWKRXW
WKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJLWFDQEHGLIfiFXOWWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHZK\RIOHDGHUVKLS7KHUHIRUH
LQRUGHUWRSURYLGHWKHQHFHVVDU\IRXQGDWLRQXSRQZKLFKWREXLOGWKHHDUO\VHFWLRQ
RIWKLVERRNZLOOGHDOZLWKGHfiQLWLRQVXVHGWKURXJKRXWWKHERRNOHDGHUFRPSHWHQ
FLHVWUDLWVDQGTXDOLWLHVDVZHOODVKRZOHDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHG
,QDGGLWLRQDVDEDVLVIRUGHYHORSLQJRQH¶VRZQOHDGHUVKLSVW\OHSUHIHUHQFHV
RQHVKRXOGKDYHDVHQVHRIZKDWOHDGHUVKLSDSSHDUVWREH6HYHUDODOWHUQDWLYHZD\V
RIYLHZLQJOHDGHUVKLSDUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQDVWKHRULHVDQGPRGHOVRIOHDGHU
VKLS,WRIWHQLVHDVLHUWRLQWHJUDWHSUDFWLFDONQRZOHGJHLQWRRQH¶VRZQH[SHULHQFH
EDVHLIDPRGHORUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIDSKHQRPHQRQIHHOVOLNHLWfiWVRQH¶VH[SHULHQFHV
2QFHH[SRVHGWREDFNJURXQGLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWOHDGHUVKLSLWLVMXVWDVLPSRU
WDQWWRKDYHDVROLGNQRZOHGJHEDVHDERXWSHRSOH²SHRSOHDIWHUDOOGHfiQHDOHDGHU
7KHSHRSOHZKRPZHFDOOFOLHQWVJXHVWVFXVWRPHUVSDUWLFLSDQWVXVHUVSOD\HUV
DQGRWKHUVPDNHOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVH[FLWLQJFKDOOHQJLQJDQGKLJKO\UHZDUGLQJ7KXV
WKHWH[WH[DPLQHVSK\VLFDOVRFLRHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOHFWXDODQGPRUDOGHYHORSPHQW
DFURVVWKHOLIHVSDQDQGKRZFXOWXUDOGLIIHUHQFHVDIIHFWWKDWGHYHORSPHQW
7KLVfiUVWVHFWLRQSURYLGHVDEDVLVIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJOHDGHUVKLS,WPD\EHUHDG
DQGGLVFXVVHGHDUO\LQRQH¶VOHDGHUVKLSHGXFDWLRQDQGUHWXUQHGWRDIWHUOHDUQLQJ
DQGSUDFWLFLQJVSHFLfiFOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOV,QWKLVPDQQHUDPRGHORUSKLORVRSK\RI
OHDGHUVKLSFDQEHIXUWKHUGHYHORSHGWRSURYLGHJXLGDQFHLQDZLGHYDULHW\RIOHDG
HUVKLSRSSRUWXQLWLHV5HFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVLVDQH[FLWLQJILHOG
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Nina S. Roberts, Ph.D
Leader Profile
Assistant Professor, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies • San FYancisco State
<UP]LYZP[`
1LQDKDVWKUHH\HDUVLQKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQDQG\HDUVLQWKH
SDUNVUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQ
9ROXQWHHUOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQVVKHKDVKHOGLQFOXGH
‡ &XOWXUDO'LYHUVLW\7UDQVLWLRQ3ODQQLQJ7HDP²86)RUHVW
6HUYLFH
‡ $GYLVRU\&RXQFLO0HPEHU²*LUO9HQWXUHV,QF6DQ)UDQ
FLVFR&$
‡ $GYLVRU\&RPPLWWHH6XEFRPPLWWHHIRU(QYLURQPHQWDO
-XVWLFH²*HRUJH:ULJKW6RFLHW\
‡ $VVRFLDWH(GLWRU²/HLVXUH6FLHQFHV
‡ $VVRFLDWLRQ/LDLVRQ²6RFLHW\IRU3DUN5HFUHDWLRQ(GXFD
WRUVDQGWKH$VVRFLDWLRQIRU([SHULHQWLDO(GXFDWLRQ$((
‡ %RDUGRI'LUHFWRUV0HPEHU²*LUOV2XWGRRUV,QF)RUW
&ROOLQV&2
I L O
‡ :RPHQ¶V3URIHVVLRQDO*URXS5HSUHVHQWDWLYH²$((%RDUGRI'LUHFWRUV
‡ 9LFH3UHVLGHQW5HFUHDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ²0DVVDFKXVHWWV$VVRFLDWLRQIRU+HDOWK3K\VLFDO
(GXFDWLRQ5HFUHDWLRQDQG'DQFH
What is the meaning of leadership?
)RUPHOHDGHUVKLSLVWKHNH\G\QDPLFIRUFHWKDWHQFRXUDJHVJLYHVFRQILGHQFHWRDQGFRRUGLQDWHV
LQGLYLGXDOVJURXSVRURUJDQL]DWLRQVLQDFKLHYLQJJRDOVDQGREMHFWLYHV/HDGHUVKLSLQYROYHVLQVSLULQJ
PRWLYDWLQJDQGLQflXHQFLQJRWKHUVDQGVSHDUKHDGLQJXVHIXOFKDQJHVRUVRPHGHVLUHGFRXUVHRIDFWLRQ
What are the most important leader qualities? $OHDGHUFRPSUHKHQGVGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIOHDGHUVKLSVW\OHVVHWVUHDOLVWLFDQGDWWDLQDEOHJRDOVKDVVROLG
FRPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOVWKHDELOLW\WRUHVROYHFRQflLFWVDQGVROYHSUREOHPVHQJDJHVLQDFWLYHOLVWHQLQJ
LVVDIHW\FRQVFLRXVJLYHVDQGVROLFLWVIHHGEDFNLQVSLUHVWUXVWDQGFRQfiGHQFHKDVSURfiFLHQF\LQKHOSLQJ
RWKHUVWKLQNPRUHFUHDWLYHO\DQGLQVRPHLQVWDQFHVPRUHFULWLFDOO\EXLOGVWHDPZRUNOHDUQVKRZ
WREHD³FRXUDJHRXVIROORZHU´DQGNQRZVKRZWRJLYHFRQVWUXFWLYHDGYLFHDQGHPRWLRQDOVXSSRUW
What advice do you ha]e for students who aspire to leadership in parks, recreation and
leisure services?
8QGHUVWDQGZKR\RXDUHDVDQLQGLYLGXDODQGEHFOHDUDERXW\RXUSHUVRQDODVZHOODVSURIHVVLRQDO
DVSLUDWLRQVDQGGHVLUHV2QHRIWKHEHVWZD\VWREXLOGOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVLVWRVHHNQHZZD\VWREHD
OHDGHUWKLVVKRXOGRFFXUWKURXJKYROXQWHHULVPFRPPXQLW\LQYROYHPHQWSURIHVVLRQDODVVRFLDWLRQVDQG
FRPPLWWHHVDQGWDNLQJLQLWLDWLYHWRZDUGVVRPHGHILQHGDFWLRQRUE\FUHDWLQJFKDQJHWRQDPHD
IHZ«%HFRPHDPDVWHUDWFRPPXQLFDWLRQE\GHYHORSLQJDQRQJRLQJGHVLUHWRDOZD\VNHHSIUHVK
UHJDUGLQJKRZODQJXDJHLPSDFWVRWKHUVWKHEHQHfiWVRIDQDORJLHVDQGPHWDSKRUVDQGZK\QRQYHUEDO
FRPPXQLFDWLRQLVFUXFLDOWREHLQJDQHIIHFWLYHOHDGHU)XUWKHUPRUHEHFRPHDGHSWDWFURVVFXOWXUDO
FRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGHPEUDFHPXOWLFXOWXUDOLVP²,WLVDEVROXWHO\HVVHQWLDO
-H]orite book(s):7KH3RZHURI1RZE\(FNKDUW7ROOHDQG$OO,1HHGWR.QRZ,/HDUQHGLQ
.LQGHUJDUWHQE\5REHUW)XOJKXP
-H]orite acti]P[PLZ!%LNLQJKLNLQJEDFNSDFNLQJFDPSLQJSKRWRJUDSK\ZDONLQJRQWKHEHDFK
NLWHIO\LQJEDVNHWEDOOUDFTXHWEDOODQGVWUHQJWKWUDLQLQJ
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter One
Understanding Leadership
Learning Opportunities
3UDFWLWLRQHUVZRUNZLWKDOOW\SHVRISHRSOHLQDYDULHW\RI
VHWWLQJV/HLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQDOVKHOSZRPHQDQG
7KURXJKVWXG\LQJWKLVFKDSWHUUHDGHUVZLOOKDYHWKH
PHQWKHHOGHUO\DQGFKLOGUHQWKRVHZLWKGLVDELOLWLHVDQG
RSSRUWXQLW\WR
WKRVHZLWKRXWSHRSOHZLWKORZLQFRPHVDQGSHRSOHZLWK
YHU\KLJKLQFRPHVDQGSHRSOHUHSUHVHQWLQJGLYHUVHHWKQLF
‡ 0XOORYHUWKHYDULRXVGHILQLWLRQVRIOHDGHUVKLS
EDFNJURXQGVWRDFKLHYHDKLJKHUTXDOLW\RIOLIH:HGR
DQGIROORZHUVKLS
WKLVWKURXJKUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHRXW
‡ ([SORUHFRPPRQOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVDQGFRPSH
RIGRRUVKRVSLWDOVUHVRUWVUHFUHDWLRQFHQWHUVHOGHUFDUH
WHQFLHV
IDFLOLWLHVDWWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQVDIWHUVFKRROSURJUDPV
‡ ,GHQWLI\TXDOLWLHVDQGWUDLWVRIVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUV
PLOLWDU\EDVHVDQGRWKHUVHWWLQJV$V\RXPLJKWLPDJLQH
EHLQJDOHDGHURIUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVFDQEH
‡ ([DPLQHWKUHHOD\HUVRIOHDGHUVKLS
DGHPDQGLQJ\HWKLJKO\HQMR\DEOHWDVN
‡ ([SODLQKRZOHDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHGIURPZLWKLQ
7KHILHOGRIUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVGLUHFWO\
JURXSV
LPSDFWVWKHKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJRIDOOLQGLYLGXDOVLQ
‡ 'HVFULEHWKHYDULRXVIRUPVRISRZHUDQGKRZ
YDULRXVZD\V:HRIWHQWDONDERXWWKHSRVLWLYHLPSDFWVRI
WKH\FDQEHXVHG
OHLVXUHRQTXDOLW\RIOLIHIRUERWKLQGLYLGXDOVDQGFRP
PXQLWLHV²WKH\DUHPDQ\3HRSOHHQJDJHLQUHFUHDWLRQ
DFWLYLWLHVIRUPDQ\UHDVRQVLQFOXGLQJWROHDUQQHZVNLOOV
WRUHIUHVKWKHPVHOYHVDQGWRVKDUHLQIHOORZVKLSZLWK
IULHQGVDQGIDPLO\)RUPRVWSHRSOHUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUH
VHUYLFHVDUHLPSRUWDQWHOHPHQWVRIWKHLUOLYHV7KH\HQJDJH
LQVHOILQLWLDWHGDFWLYLWLHVDVZHOODVWKRVHSURYLGHGE\
OHLVXUHVHUYLFHSUDFWLWLRQHUV
,QWKHGHOLYHU\RIOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVUHFUHDWLRQDQG
OHLVXUHVHUYLFHSUDFWLWLRQHUVLQWHUDFWZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWVLQ
ZD\VWKDWPD\HQKDQFHRUGHWUDFWIURPWKHOHLVXUHH[SH
ULHQFH$TXDOLW\UHFUHDWLRQH[SHULHQFHUHVXOWVLQSRVLWLYH
IHHOLQJVDQGPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJDVZHOODVDZLGHYDULHW\
RISK\VLFDOVRFLDODQGVSLULWXDOEHQHILWV2QWKHRWKHU
KDQGDSRRUUHFUHDWLRQH[SHULHQFHPD\OHDYHDSDUWLFL
SDQWZLWKQHJDWLYHIHHOLQJVDQGDGHVLUHWRDYRLGRWKHU
VLPLODUOHLVXUHRSSRUWXQLWLHV
4XLWHRIWHQWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQTXDOLW\DQGSRRU
OHLVXUHH[SHULHQFHVFDQEHWUDFHGEDFNWRWKHSHRSOHLQ
YROYHG,QSDUWLFXODUWKHOHDGHUVKLSSURYLGHGDWDQHYHQW
KDVDWUHPHQGRXVLQIOXHQFHRQLWVVXFFHVVRUIDLOXUH% FDXVHOHDGHUVKLSLVDQLQKHUHQWIDFWRULQVWUXFWXUHGUHFUH
DWLRQH[SHULHQFHVDOOOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQDOVQHHG
WKLVVNLOO([DPSOHVRIOHDGHUVKLSLQUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUH
Photo
courtesy
of
Gwynn
PV^LSS
VHUYLFHVVXUURXQGXVD&HUWLILHG 7KHUDSHXWLF5HFUHDWLRQ
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
4 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
6SHFLDOLVW&756IDFLOLWDWHVDOHLVXUHHGXFDWLRQVHVVLRQ
DOLIHJXDUGSURYLGHVLQIRUPDOIHHGEDFNDERXWDVZLPPHU¶V
VWURNHDQH[HFXWLYHGLUHFWRUPDNHVDSUHVHQWDWLRQWRWKH
ERDUGDQGDQHYHQWFRRUGLQDWRUJLYHVRXWDVVLJQPHQWVWR
YROXQWHHUV,QHDFKRIWKHVHLQVWDQFHVVRPHRQHHQJDJHV
LQFHUWDLQEHKDYLRUVDQGH[XGHVFHUWDLQTXDOLWLHVWKDWUH
VXOWLQRWKHUVLGHQWLI\LQJKHURUKLPDVDOHDGHU
7KLVFKDSWHUZLOOH[SORUHPDQ\RIWKHEDVLFFRQFHSWV
UHODWHGWROHDGHUVKLS$V\RXZLOOTXLFNO\OHDUQOHDGHUVKLS
FRPSULVHVPDQ\FRQFHSWVWKHRULHVDQGSUDFWLFDOVNLOOV
,QLWLDOGLVFXVVLRQVZLOOUHYROYHDURXQGGHILQLQJWHUPV
1H[WOHDGHUVKLSTXDOLWLHVDQGFRPSHWHQFLHVZLOOEHDG
GUHVVHG)LQDOO\FODVVLILFDWLRQVRIOHDGHUVKLSDQGKRZ
OHDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHGZLOOEHSUHVHQWHG
+LMPUP[PVU
Leisure and Recreation
7KHUHDUHPDQ\YDULHGGHfiQLWLRQVRIOHLVXUHDQGUHFUHDWLRQ
XVHGLQWKHfiHOGWRGD\7ROD\SHRSOHLHQRQOHLVXUHVHU
YLFHVSURIHVVLRQDOVWKHWHUPVUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHJHQ
HUDOO\PHDQWKHVDPHWKLQJ)UHTXHQWO\WKHVHWHUPVDUH
XVHGLQWHUFKDQJHDEO\WRUHIHUWRQRQZRUNDFWLYLWLHVHQ
JDJHGLQGXULQJRQH¶VIUHHWLPH6RPHWLPHVUHFUHDWLRQKDV
DPRUHDFWLYHFRQQRWDWLRQWRLWWKDQOHLVXUHEXWIRUWKHPRVW
SDUWWKH\VKDUHVLPLODUPHDQLQJVIRUWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLF
)RUHDVHRIXVHWKLVWH[WWDNHVDOD\SHUVRQDSSURDFK
WRGHILQLQJOHLVXUHDQGUHFUHDWLRQ 7KHUHIRUHWKURXJKRXW
WKLVWH[WOHLVXUHDQGUHFUHDWLRQDUHXVHGLQWHUFKDQJHDEO\
DQGUHIHUWRWKRVHVRFLDOO\DFFHSWDEOHQRQZRUNDFWLYLWLHV
LQZKLFKSHRSOHYROXQWDULO\HQJDJHGXULQJWKHLUXQREOL
JDWHGWLPH7KLVPLJKWLQFOXGHVXFKWKLQJVDVDUWVDQG
FUDIWVVPDOODQGODUJHJURXSJDPHVSDWLHQWFKRVHQDFWLYL
WLHVXQGHUWDNHQGXULQJSK\VLFDOUHKDELOLWDWLRQUHDGLQJ
H[HUFLVHURXWLQHVVSRUWVPXVLFWDEOHJDPHVFDPSLQJ
KLJKULVNDFWLYLWLHVVSHFLDOHYHQWVDQGRWKHUV
Defining Leadership
$ZHOOSKUDVHGGHfiQLWLRQKHOSVLQFRPLQJWRDEDVLF
XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIDWHUPLQWKLVFDVHOHDGHUVKLS3ULRUWR
GHILQLQJOHDGHUVKLSRQHPXVWDSSUHFLDWHWKHGLIILFXOW
SHRSOHKDYHKDGRYHUWKH\HDUVLQDJUHHLQJRQDVLQJOH
GHfiQLWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLS:KLOHQRWFRYHUHGLQGHSWKKHUH
WKRVHVWXG\LQJOHDGHUVKLSVKRXOGNQRZWKDWRYHUWKH\HDUV
OHDGHUVKLSKDVEHHQGHILQHGD
‡ DJURXSSURFHVV
‡ WKHSHUVRQDOLW\RIWKHOHDGHU
‡ WKHLQGXFHPHQWRIFRPSOLDQFHLQIROORZHUV
‡ WKHH[HUFLVHRILQIOXHQFHE\RQHSHUVRQGHVL QDWHGDVWKHOHDGHU
‡ WKHEHKDYLRUVRQHH[KLELWVHJSODQQLQJRUJD
QL]LQJGLUHFWLQJ
‡ DSRZHUUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQRQHLQGLYLGXDODQG
RWKHUV
‡ DQHIIHFWRILQWHUDFWLRQHJZKHQFHUWDLQSHRSOH
FRPHWRJHWKHURQHHPHUJHVDVWKHOHDGHU
‡ DGLIIHUHQWLDWHGUROHHJOHDGHUIROORZHU
‡ WKHLQLWLDWLRQRIVWUXFWXUHHJWDNLQJLQLWLDWLYH
JHWWLQJDWDVNVWDUWHG
‡ DQH[FKDQJHRUWUDQVDFWLRQEHWZHHQWZRSHRSOH
‡ FKDULVPD
‡ ERWKDUWDQGVNLOO
‡ DFRPELQDWLRQRIWZRRUPRUHRIWKHDERYHGHfiQL
WLRQV%DVV
7KHVHGHILQLWLRQVHYROYHGIURPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVRI
REVHUYDWLRQVDQGVWXGLHVRIYDULRXVJURXSVDQGOHDGHUV
7KHGHILQLWLRQVDUHIOXLGWKDWLVEDVHGRQRQHSHUVR V
L_JOHUNL
ZRPSS
HY[
JVTWSPHUJL
WYVJLZZ
2QWKHVXUIDFHOHDGHUVKLSPD\VHHPWREHDQHDV\WHUP
Leadership is…
WRGHILQH $IWHUDOOPRVWHYHU\RQHUHDGLQJWKLVWH[WKDV
EHHQLQVRPHW\SHRIOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQDWVRPHWLPHLQ
KHURUKLVOLIHDQGLWLVDVDIHEHWWKDWHYHU\RQHUHDGLQJ
YVSL
WV^LY
WKLVWH[WKDVEHHQDIROORZHUWRVRPHRQHHOVH¶VOHDGHUVKLS
,IHDFKSHUVRQLQDOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVOHDGHUVKLSFODVVZDV
DVNHGWRGHILQHOHDGHUVKLSKRZHYH WKHDQVZHUVZRXOG
JOHYPZTH
WLYZVUHSP[`
FHUWDLQO\EHYDULHGDQGPRVWOLNHO\DPELJXRXVDQGGLIfiFXOW
WR³JHWDKDQGOHRQ´%HFDXVHLQGLYLGXDOH[SHULHQFHVDQG
-igure 1.1,QGLYLGXDOH[SHULHQFHVDQGFXOWXUHLQIOXHQFH
FXOWXUHLQflXHQFHRQH¶VYLHZRIFRQFHSWVGHfiQLQJOHDGHU
RQH¶VYLHZVRIOHDGHUVKLS
VKLSLVQRWDVHDV\DVLWPLJKWILUVWVHHP
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 5
SHUFHSWLRQVOHDGHUVKLSLVRQHWKLQJDQGLQDQRWKHUSHU
VRQ¶VH\HVOHDGHUVKLSLVVRPHWKLQJVOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQW,Q
WKHIROORZLQJFKDSWHUZKLFKGHDOVZLWKOHDGHUVKLSWKHR
ULHV\RXZLOOVHHWKHVHGHILQLWLRQVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHOV
DQGWKHRULHVWKDWSHRSOHGHYHORSHGLQDQDWWHPSWWREHWWHU
XQGHUVWDQGOHDGHUVKLS
,WLVFULWLFDOWRJDLQDQDSSUHFLDWLRQIRUKRZWKHWHUP
OHDGHUVKLSLVXVHGWKURXJKRXWWKLVWH[WVRWKDWHYHU\RQH
RSHUDWHVIURPDFRPPRQEDVLVRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ5HPHP
EHUGHILQLQJOHDGHUVKLSLVQRHDV\WDVNDQGGHILQLWLRQ
KDYHFKDQJHGDQGHYROYHGRYHUPDQ\\HDUVRIVWXG\,W
PDNHVVHQVHWRGHfiQHOHDGHUVKLSDVDFRPELQDWLRQRIPDQ\
HOHPHQWV7KURXJKRXWWKLVERRNOHDGHUVKLSLVYLHZHGDV
DG\QDPLFSURFHVVRILQflXHQFHZKLFKRFFXUVLQ
WKHLQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHPHPEHUV
RIDJURXSDQGLQYROYHVUHFRJQLWLRQDQGDFFHS
WDQFHRIOHDGHUIROORZHUUROHVE\JURXSPHPEHUV
ZLWKLQDFHUWDLQVLWXDWLRQ/HDGHUVKLSLQFOXGHV
DFWLYLWLHVE\WKHOHDGHUDQGIROORZHUVWKDWIDFLOL
WDWHPHHWLQJJURXSJRDOV
,QWKHQH[WFKDSWHU\RXZLOOEHH[SRVHGWRYDULRXV
WKHRULHVRIOHDGHUVKLSZKLFKZLOOKHOSWRIXUWKHUH[SODLQ
WKLVGHILQLWLRQ,QWKHPHDQWLPHH[DPLQLQJHDFKFR SRQHQWRIWKHGHILQLWLRQZLOOEHKHOSIXO
Leadership is a dynamic process…
'\QDPLFSURFHVVUHIHUVWRWKHIDFWWKDWOHDGHUVKLSFKDQJHV
FRQVWDQWO\LWLVQHYHUVWDJQDQW,QDQ\JURXSOHDGHUVKLS
flXFWXDWHVEDVHGRQLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJ
WKHJURXS,WLVKHDYLO\LQIOXHQFHGE\RQH VFXOWXUDOSHU
VSHFWLYHV,QDGGLWLRQDVDSURFHVVOHDGHUVKLSFRQVLVWVRI
DVHULHVRIDFWLRQVZKLFKHYROYHRYHUWLPH,QRWKHUZRUGV
DVLQJOHDFWRUEHKDYLRUWKDWPLJKWUHODWHWROHDGHUVKLS
GRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\GHILQHDOHDGH …of influence wOPJh occurs in the interactions
between two or more members of a group…
,QflXHQFHPD\EHWKRXJKWRIDVWKHSRZHUWKDWRQHSHUVRQ
H[HUWVRYHURWKHUVWKDWDIIHFWVDFRXUVHRIDFWLRQWKRXJKW
SURFHVVRUDWWLWXGH7KHWHUPLQWHUDFWLRQUHIHUVWRUHFLS
URFDODFWLRQVZKLFKRFFXUEHWZHHQSHRSOH)RULQVWDQFH
DUHFLSURFDODFWLRQRFFXUVZKHQRQHSHUVRQVD\VKHOORDQG
DQRWKHUSHUVRQQRGVKHURUKLVKHDGLQUHVSRQVH,WLVDQ
DFWLRQUHVSRQVHSURFHVV7\SLFDOO\OHDGHUVKLSLQWHUDFWLRQV
LQFOXGHYHUEDODQGQRQYHUEDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQDVKDULQJ
RIWDVNVDQGWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIUHODWLRQVKLSV7KHWHUP
JURXSUHIHUVWRWZRRUPRUHSHRSOHZKRWRJHWKHUIRUPD
FRPSOHWHXQLWDQGVKDUHFRPPRQJRDOV
¯HUK PU]VS]LZ YLJVNUP[PVU HUK HJJLW[HUJL VM SLHKLY
MVSSVwer roles by group members…
7REHDOHDGHURQHPXVWfiUVWEHUHFRJQL]HGDVDOHDGHU,I
RWKHUVGRQRWVHHDQGDFFHSWWKDWSHUVRQDVWKHOHDGHUOHDG
HUVKLSGRHVQRWH[LVW+DUH2¶1HLOO6KLSSHU
:KLWH/HDGHUIROORZHUUROHVDUHGLIIHUHQWLDWHG
IURPRQHDQRWKHUE\LQWHQWLHZKDWRQHKDVKHURUKLV
PLQGVHWWRGRLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVLHFRPPRQO\FDOOHG
SHRSOHVNLOOVWDVNRULHQWDWLRQLHWKHDELOLW\WRPRWLYDWH
LQYROYHPHQWE\RWKHUVLQDWDVNRUMREDQGDQXQGHU
VWDQGLQJRIKRZWRZRUNWRZDUGJRDODFKLHYHPHQWLH
OHDGHUVWDNHDQDFWLYHLQLWLDWLQJDSSURDFKIROORZHUVZRUN
FRRSHUDWLYHO\ZLWKWKHOHDGHUWRPDNHWKLQJVKDSSHQ,Q
WKHGHfiQLWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLSXVHGIRUWKLVWH[WOHDGHUVDQG
IROORZHUVIXOILOO GLIIHUHQWUROHVZLWKLQDJURXSDOOQHFHV
VDU\IRUHIIHFWLYHJURXSIXQFWLRQLQJ
Leadership is…
a dynamic procesZ
of interactions
IL[^LLU [^V VY TVYL
members of a group
^OPJh in]VS]es
recognition and
acceptance of
SLHKLYMVSSV^LY YVSLZ
I` group members
within a certain
ZP[\H[PVU
-igure 1.2(OHPHQWVRIOHDGHUVKLS
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
It also in]VS]es
HJ[P]P[PLZ VU [OL WHY[Z
of the leader and
MVSSVwers ^OPJh aid
[OL NYV\W PU ^VYRPUN
[V^ard its goals.
6 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
…within a certain situation.
7KLVZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGLQODWHUFKDSWHUVEXWEHDZDUHWKDW
ZKLOHWKHUHLV³FDUU\RYHU´OHDGHUVKLSWHQGVWREHVLWX
DWLRQDO7KDWLVWRVD\WKDWLQRQHVLWXDWLRQRQHSHUVRQPD\
EHDOHDGHU\HWLQDQRWKHUVLWXDWLRQVKHRUKHPD\QRWEHWKH
OHDGHU6RPHRIWKLVLVEDVHGRQWKHVNLOOVDQGH[SHULHQFH
RIWKHOHDGHUVRPHLVEDVHGRQWKHVNLOOVDQGH[SHULHQFHRI
JURXSPHPEHUV<HWRWKHULQflXHQFHVLQFOXGHHOHPHQWVVXFK
DVIRUPDOSRVLWLRQWLWOHVVDIHW\LVVXHVDQGHQYLURQPHQWDO
IRUFHVVXFKDVWLPHDQGZHDWKHU:KDWHYHUWKHUHDVRQ
OHDGHUVKLSUROHVRIWHQFKDQJHZLWKWKHVLWXDWLRQ
Leadership includes actions by one or more leaders,
^OPJh facilitate meeting group goals.
/HDGHUVKLSLVJRDOGLUHFWHG7\SLFDOO\DQHIIHFWLYHO\IXQF
WLRQLQJJURXSZLOOH[KLELWFRPSDWLEOHDQGVKDUHGJRDOV
DPRQJWKHOHDGHUVDQGWKHIROORZHUV7KHOHDGHUIDFLOL
WDWHVWKHJURXSLQPRYLQJWRZDUGWKRVHJRDOV7KHIRO
ORZHUVDSSO\WKHLUVNLOOVDQGWDOHQWVWRZDUGDFKLHYLQJWKRVH
VDPHJRDOV)RUWKHOHDGHUVWKLVRIWHQLQYROYHVZRUNLQJ
FORVHO\ZLWKDQGPDQDJLQJWKHSHRSOHLQWKHJURXSWKH
WDVNVWREHDFFRPSOLVKHGDQGWKHRXWVLGHIRUFHVWKDWPD\
HQKDQFHRULQWHUUXSWDJURXS¶VSURJUHVV/HDGHUVILOOD
UROHWRVXSSRUWHQFRXUDJHDQGDVVLVWJURXSPHPEHUVLQ
VXFKZD\VDVWRDGYDQFHWKHJURXSDJHQGDLQDSRVLWLYH
IDVKLRQ
-VSSV^LYZOPW
FHLYHIROORZHUVDVEHLQJSDVVLYHUHFHSWDFOHVOHDGHUVKLS
DQGIROORZHUVKLSDUHPXWXDODFWVRILQflXHQFHDQGFRXQWHU
LQflXHQFH%UDWWRQ*ULQW1HOVRQ7KHUHLQIRUFH
PHQWRIEHKDYLRUVDWWLWXGHVDQGYDOXHVJRHVERWKZD\V
,QDGGLWLRQIROORZHUVDUHPRWLYDWHGE\PDQ\RIWKHVDPH
WKLQJVWKDWPRWLYDWHOHDGHUVSHUVRQDOJRDOVUHODWLRQVKLSV
DGHVLUHWRH[SUHVVWKHPVHOYHVDQGWKHXVHRIIROORZHUVKLS
RSSRUWXQLWLHVDVDPHDQVWRWUDQVIRUPWKHPVHOYHV0LOOHU
%XWOHU&RVHQWLQR)ROORZHUV¶H[SHFWDWLRQVDIIHFW
WKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIOHDGHUVLHZKDWIROORZHUVH[SHFW
OHDGHUVWRGRDIIHFWVWKHZD\OHDGHUVEHKDYHDQGWKH
OHDGHU¶VH[SHFWDWLRQVDIIHFWWKHZD\PHPEHUVRIDJURXS
EHKDYH)XUWKHUPRUHIROORZHUV¶SHUFHSWLRQVRIWKH
OHDGHU¶VPRWLYHVDQGDFWLRQVFRQVWUDLQRUIDFLOLWDWHZKDW
WKHOHDGHUFDQDFFRPSOLVK)RUH[DPSOHLIIROORZHUV
SHUFHLYHDOHDGHUWREHVHOIVHUYLQJWKH\PD\EORFNWKDW
LQGLYLGXDO¶VHIIRUWVDWOHDGHUVKLS2QWKHRWKHUKDQGLI
IROORZHUVSHUFHLYHWKDWDOHDGHUDFWVIRUWKHJRRGRIWKH
JURXSWKH\RIWHQZLOOZRUNKDUGHUWRKHOSWKHOHDGHU
DFFRPSOLVKWKRVHFRPPRQJRDOV/HDGHUVH[HUWWKHVDPH
W\SHVRILQflXHQFHRQIROORZHUV
*RRGIROORZHUVDUHDVLPSRUWDQWLIQRWPRUHLPSRU
WDQWWKDQJRRGOHDGHUV&DSDEOHIROORZHUVXVHWKHLUVNLOOV
WRKHOS³JHWWKHMREGRQH´DQGZRUNFRRSHUDWLYHO\SXWWLQJ
SLHFHVRIDWDVNWRJHWKHUWRDFKLHYHDVKDUHGJRDO6HOIOHG
IROORZHUVDUHVHOIPRWLYDWHGWDNHLQLWLDWLYHDQGWDNHRQ
HYHQXQGHVLUDEOHWDVNVWRIXUWKHUWKHJRDOVRIWKHJURXS
1HOVRQ4XLFN7KH\FROODERUDWHZLWKWKHOHDGHU
DQGPDNHHIIHFWLYHXVHRIRQHDQRWKHU¶VVNLOOVLQWKHJURXS
HIIRUW)ROORZHUVZRUNZLWKLQJURXSVLQVHYHUDOZD\V
([DPSOHVLQWKHOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQLQFOXGHWRKHOS
DVSRUWVWHDPWRZLQWRVXFFHVVIXOO\SUHSDUHIRUDVSHFLDO
HYHQWRUWRSUHSDUHDEXGJHW:LWKLQWKHJURXSWKHOHDGHU
VHUYHVLQWKHUROHRIJURXSJXLGHGLUHFWRUFRXQVHORU
UHVRXUFHDXWKRULW\DQGRWKHUVDVQHHGVGLFWDWH)ROORZHUV
VHUYHLQVXSSRUWLYHUROHVWKDWHQKDQFHWKHWRWDOJURXSHIIRUW
7KHUHVHDUFKDERXWIROORZHUVKLSLQGLFDWHVWKDWHIIHF
WLYHDQGGHVLUDEOHIROORZHUVVKDUHVLPLODUFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
%UDWWRQ*ULQW1HOVRQ.HOOHUPDQ)LUVW
WKH\DUHLQGHSHQGHQWWKLQNIRUWKHPVHOYHVDQGPDQDJH
WKHPVHOYHVZHOO7KH\FRPPLWWRWKHOHDGHURUJDQL]DWLRQ
DQGSXUSRVH)XUWKHUPRUHHIIHFWLYHIROORZHUVNQRZDQG
EXLOGXSRQWKHLURZQFRPSHWHQFHDQGDSSO\WKHVHWDOHQWV
³7KHFUX[RIOHDGHUVKLSLVFRQFHUQIRUWKHQHHGVDQGJRDOV
RIIROORZHUV´.ULVKQDQS7KXVLWVHHPVWKDW
WRGLVFXVVOHDGHUVKLSZLWKRXWGLVFXVVLQJIROORZHUVKLS
ZRXOGEHPLVVLQJKDOIRIWKHOHDGHUVKLSHTXDWLRQ:LWKRXW
IROORZHUVWKHUHZRXOGEHQROHDGHUV²)ROORZHUVDFWDV
DFWLYHSDUWQHUVLQSXUVXLWRIWKHJURXSJRDOV2XUVWDIISDU
WLFLSDQWVIHOORZHPSOR\HHVDQGHYHQWKHOHDGHUPD\DOO
VHUYHLQIROORZHUVKLSUROHVDWRQHWLPHRUDQRWKHU,QHI
IHFWLYHJURXSVIROORZHUVUHFRJQL]HDFNQRZOHGJHDQG
DFFHSWRQHRUPRUHSHUVRQVDVWKHOHDGHU7KH\LP
SDFWWKHOHDGHUDQGKHURUKLVHIIHFWLYHQHVVWKURXJKWKH
V\QHUJ\WKDWHPHUJHVIURPWKHLULQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKWKH
OHDGHU%UDWWRQ*ULQW1HOVRQ:LWKRXWIROORZHUV
DJUHHLQJWKDWDQLQGLYLGXDOLVWKHOHDGHUOLWWOHOHDGHUVKLS
ZLOOEHDFFRPSOLVKHG
'HVSLWHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIIROORZHUVWKHFRQFHSWRI
IROORZHUVKLSKDVEHHQUHFHLYLQJVWXG\DQGDWWHQWLRQRQO\
Capable follV^ers use their skills to help
UHFHQWO\,WLVFRPPRQO\EHOLHYHGWKDWWREHDQHIIHFWLYH
“get the job done” and work cooperH[P]LS`,
OHDGHURQHPXVWfiUVWEHDJRRGIROORZHU 7KHUHIRUHDJRRG
putting pieces of a task together to acOPL]e
IROORZHUVKDUHVPDQ\WUDLWVZLWKHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUV%DQXWX
a shared goal.
*RPH]/X
)ROORZHUVKLSDQGOHDGHUVKLSDUHLQWHUUHODWHGDQG
QHLWKHUPDNHVVHQVHZLWKRXWWKHRWKHU:KLOHPDQ\SHU
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 7
IRUWKHJRRGRIWKHJURXSRURUJDQL]DWLRQ,QDGGLWLRQ
GHVLUDEOHIROORZHUVFRQWUROWKHLURZQHJRVWRZRUNFRRS
HUDWLYHO\ZLWKWKHOHDGHUDQGRWKHUIROORZHUV7KH\SOD\
NH\UROHVLQSODQQLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJFRXUVHVRIDFWLRQ
(IIHFWLYHIROORZHUVPDNHYHU\FRQVFLRXVFRQWULEXWLRQV
WRWKHFHQWUDOSXUSRVHDQGJRRGRIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQ7KH
OHDGHUWDNHVDQDFWLYHUROHLQDVVLVWLQJIROORZHUVWREHDV
HIIHFWLYHDVSRVVLEOH
,QDGGLWLRQWRUHODWLQJWROHDGHUVIROORZHUVDOVRUHODWH
WRRWKHUIROORZHUV([HPSODU\IROORZHUVGRWKLVE\
‡ EHLQJDOHUWWRWKHQHHGVRIRWKHUV
‡ DSSUHFLDWLQJIROORZHUGLIIHUHQFHVDQGUHFRJQL]LQJ
WKHSRZHURIWKRVHGLIIHUHQFHV
‡ UHVSHFWLQJHDFKRWKHU¶VIROORZHUVERXQGDULHV
‡ EXLOGLQJVWURQJODWHUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFRRU
GLQDWLRQHIIRUWV
‡ SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJ
‡ UHPHPEHULQJZKRLVEHLQJVHUYHG²WKLVKHOSV
IROORZHUVPDLQWDLQFRPPRQJURXQGDQG
‡ EHLQJZLOOLQJWRERWKOHDGDQGIROORZSHHUVWRZDUG
WKHFRPPRQJRRG&KDOHII.HOOHUPDQ
%HFDXVHWKHUROHRIIROORZHULVVRLPSRUWDQWDZLVH
OHDGHUSUDFWLFHVJRRGIROORZHUVKLSZKHQDSSURSULDWH
-D[VXJJHVWVWLPHVZKHQDOHDGHUVKRXOGIROORZ
LIDQRWKHULQGLYLGXDOKDVPRUHEHWWHUMXGJPHQWH[SHUL
HQFHRUVNLOOVWKDQWKHOHDGHULIDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VJURZWK
UHTXLUHVWKDWWKHOHDGHUIDFLOLWDWHWKHLUOHDGHUVKLSGHYHO
RSPHQWRYHUKHURUKLVRZQLIWKHZRUNRIWKHWHDP
UHTXLUHVWKDWWKHOHDGHU³JHWLQWKHUH´DQGGRWKHZRUN
;he FVSSVwer Creed
PW
LYZO
HK
L
3
YZOPW
^L
SV
VS
3LHKLYZ
W
OP
LY
ZO
PW
KLYZO
PW
OP
W
3
SSV
-V
LH
PW
ZO
-VSSV^
LY
^
ZLWKWKHJURXSDQGLIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQ¶VSXUSRVHDQG
JRDOVZDUUDQWLW,QIROORZHUUROHVOHDGHUVPLJKWDVNTXHV
WLRQVLQVWHDGRIJLYLQJDQVZHUVSURYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU
RWKHUVWROHDGVHUYHDVDUHVRXUFHWRWKHJURXSGRWKH
WDVNZLWKWKHJURXSDQGIDFLOLWDWHWKHJURXS¶VZRUN
&KDOHIIKDVFKDUDFWHUL]HGWKHPRVWFDSDEOH
IROORZHUDVDFRXUDJHRXVIROORZHU7KLVW\SHRIIROORZHU
KDVWKHFRXUDJHWRGRVHYHUDOWKLQJV
$VVXPHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHPVHOYHVDQGWKH
RUJDQL]DWLRQ7KH\GLVFRYHUDQGFUHDWHRSSRUWX
QLWLHVWRIXOILOOWKHLUSHUVRQDOSRWHQWLDOWKH\LQ WLDWHYDOXHVEDVHGDFWLRQ
6HUYH²7KH\DUHQRWDIUDLGRIKDUGZRUNDQGWKH\
RIWHQDVVXPHQHZGXWLHVWRIUHHXSWKHOHDGHU7KH\
VWDQGXSIRUWKHLUOHDGHUDQGWKH\SXUVXHWKH
FRPPRQSXUSRVH
&KDOOHQJH²7KH\VSHDNXSZKHQVRPHWKLQJ
JRHVDJDLQVWZKDWWKH\EHOLHYH7KH\DUHZLOOLQJ
WRVWDQGXSVWDQGRXWULVNUHMHFWLRQDQGLQLWLDWH
FRQflLFWZKHQDSSURSULDWH7KH\YDOXHRUJDQL]D
WLRQDOKDUPRQ\EXWQRWDWWKHH[SHQVHRIWKH
FRPPRQSXUSRVHDQGLQWHJULW\
3DUWLFLSDWHLQWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ²&RXUDJHRXVIRO
ORZHUVUHFRJQL]HWKHQHHGIRUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ7KH\
FKDPSLRQWKHQHHGIRUFKDQJHDQGWKH\EHFRPH
IXOOSDUWLFLSDQWVLQWKHFKDQJHDVDSSURSULDWH
/HDYH²)ROORZHUVNQRZZKHQLWLVWLPHWRVHSD
UDWHIURPDOHDGHUDQGJURXS:KHQOHDGHUVDUH
LQHIIHFWLYHRUDFWLRQVDUHGHWULPHQWDOWRWKHFRP
PRQSXUSRVHFRXUDJHRXVIROORZHUVDUHSUHSDUHG
WRZLWKGUDZWKHLUVXSSRUWDQGGLVDYRZWKHOHDGHU
GHVSLWHKLJKSHUVRQDOULVN
L YZ
-VSSV^
-igure 1.3/HDGHUVKLSDQGIROORZHUVKLSDUHLQWHUUHODWHG
DQGLQWHUGHSHQGHQW
“I will follow you, if yV\·
;reat me with respect,
Inspire me with your vision,
;LHJh me,
Are tolerant of my mistakes,
Are visible and a]HPSHISL
;alk with (and listen to) me,
(SSVw me to gro^,
+VU»t gi]e up or change course arbitrHYPS`,
/H]e the courage of your convictions,
;ell me the truth, and
7Yactice what you preacO¹
-igure 1.47KH)ROORZHU&UHHG2¶7RROHS
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
8 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
&DSDEOHOHDGHUVDQGIROORZHUVVKDUHPDQ\WUDLWV
VNLOOVDQGFRPSHWHQFLHV/HDGHUVW\SLFDOO\SRVVHVVVWURQJHU
FRQFHSWXDOUHODWLRQVKLSEXLOGLQJDQGLQLWLDWLYHVNLOOV
WKDQIROORZHUVEHFDXVHWKHVHDUHWKHLQJUHGLHQWVWKDWKHOS
JURXSVWRIXQFWLRQZHOO,QWKLVQH[WVHFWLRQWKHYDULRXV
W\SHVRIVNLOOVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS²DQG
IROORZHUVKLS²DUHGLVFXVVHG
Leader Skills
6XFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVH[KLELWVNLOOVLQPDQ\DUHDVZKLFKGLV
WLQJXLVKWKHPIURPIROORZHUV6NLOOVFRQVLVWRIWKHNQRZO
HGJHDQGDELOLWLHVZHJDLQWKURXJKRXWOLIH(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUV
FRQWLQXDOO\ZRUNRQWKHLUVNLOOVWREHFRPHEHWWHUDWZKDW
WKH\GR,QIDFWLQQXPHUDEOHDXWKRUVGLVFXVVWKHQHHGIRU
DQGLPSRUWDQFHRIOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJLQDQHIIHFWLYHOHDGHU
&ODUNE5XGHUPDQ(UQVW,WPLJKWEH
KHOSIXOWRYLHZOHDGHUVKLSGHYHORSPHQWDVDSHUVRQDO
MRXUQH\²DSDWKWKDWHDFKRQHRIXVLVRQHYHU\GD\RIRXU
OLYHV(YHU\WKLQJZHGRHYHU\WKLQJZHVD\DQGHYHU\
GHFLVLRQZHPDNHDOOFRQVWLWXWHSDUWRIRXURZQOHDGHUVKLS
GHYHORSPHQW7KXVLWLVZLVHWREHYHU\DZDUHRIWKH
GHFLVLRQVZHPDNHDVZHOODVWKHWKLQJVZHGRDQGVD\
:HVKRXOGDVNRXUVHOYHV³,VGRLQJWKLVJRLQJWRKHOS
PDNHPHWKHW\SHRIOHDGHU,ZDQWWREH"´7KUHHVNLOODUHDV
KDYHEHHQLGHQWLfiHGE\QXPHURXVDXWKRUVZKLFKFRPELQH
WRPDNHDKLJKO\VNLOOHGOHDGHUFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOVLQWHUSHU
VRQDOVNLOOVDQGWHFKQLFDOVNLOOV
Conceptual Skills
&RQFHSWXDOVNLOOVLQFOXGHWKHDELOLW\WRDQDO\]HDQWLFLSDWH
VHHWKHELJSLFWXUHDQGXVHVRXQGMXGJPHQW$OHDGHU
VFDQVPDNHVQRWHRIVXEWOHWLHVREVHUYHGLQDVLWXDWLRQ
Photo courtesy of Deb JVYKHU
Leadership as a personal journey in]VS]es self-a^areness
and reflection.
DQGXVHVKHURUKLVMXGJPHQWWRGHFLGHDERXWDFRXUVHRI
DFWLRQ/HDGHUVKDYHORQJUDQJHYLVLRQDQGFRQWLQXDOO\
ORRNIRUZKDWLVEHVWIRUWKHIXWXUH&ULWLFDOWKLQNLQJSURE
OHPVROYLQJFUHDWLYLW\DQGEHLQJDEOHWRKDQGOHDPELJXLW\
DUHFRPPRQO\FRQVLGHUHGFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOV%HLQJDEOHWR
DUWLFXODWHDSKLORVRSK\RIUHFUHDWLRQDQGKRZLWJXLGHV
RQH¶VXVHRIOHDGHUVKLSVW\OHVFRQWULEXWLQJWRWKHDJHQF\
DQGVWULYLQJWREHWWHUVRFLHW\DUHRWKHUFRPSHWHQFLHVWKDW
ILWZLWKLQWKLVVNLOOJURXS5XVVHOO,QDGGLWLRQ
FRQFHSWXDOVNLOOVFRPSULVHIROORZLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDO
PLVVLRQWKURXJKRQH¶VDFWLRQVDQGGHFLVLRQVDGKHULQJWR
LQWHUQDOYDOXHVDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRQH¶VUROHLQSURPRWLQJ
WKHOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQ:LWKRXWFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOV
LWZRXOGEHGLIILFXOWWRLQWHJUDWHLQWHUSHUVRQDODQGWHF QLFDOVNLOOVLQWROHDGHUVKLSVLWXDWLRQV
Interpersonal Skills
,QWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVDUHWKRVHVNLOOVDQGOHDGHUVKLSWHFK
QLTXHVWKDWLQYROYHUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKSHRSOH8QGHU
VWDQGLQJJURXSG\QDPLFVIDFLOLWDWLQJFRRSHUDWLRQDQG
WUXVWEXLOGLQJDPRQJSDUWLFLSDQWVDQGEHLQJDJRRGFRP
PXQLFDWRUDOOfiWZLWKLQWKHLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVRIOHDGHU
VKLS8QGHUVWDQGLQJDQGEHLQJDEOHWRUHVROYHFRQIOLFWV
DQGPDNLQJSHRSOHIHHOZHOFRPHGYDOXHGDQGUHVSHFWHG
DOVRILWZLWKLQWKHLQWHUSHUVRQDOFRPSRQHQW6XFFHVVLQ
OHLVXUHVHUYLFHVUHTXLUHVVWURQJLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOV/HLVXUH
VHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQDOVZRUNZLWKSHRSOHDVSDUWLFLSDQWVLQ
WKHFRPPXQLW\DVSHHUSURIHVVLRQDOVLQWKHFRPPXQLW\
DQGDVSHHUVVXERUGLQDWHVDQGVXSHULRUVLQWKHZRUNSODFH
7KXVWKHVHVNLOOVPXVWEHFRPHZHOOKRQHGIRUVXFFHVVIXO
UHFUHDWLRQOHDGHUV,QDGGLWLRQWRFRQFHSWXDODQGLQWHUSHU
VRQDOFRPSHWHQFLHVEHLQJDEOHWRGRWKHZRUNLVDQRWKHU
LPSRUWDQWVNLOOIRUVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVKLS
-PN\YL &UHDWLYLW\UHTXLUHVOHDGHUVWRVHHPDQ\GLIIHUHQW
WKLQJVLQRQHVLWXDWLRQ
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 9
;LJhnical Skills
7HFKQLFDOVNLOOVUHODWHVSHFLfiFDOO\WRDFFRPSOLVKLQJWDVNV
7KHVHDUHWKHVNLOOVQHHGHGIRUSURIHVVLRQDOFRPSHWHQFH
7KH\HQDEOHDSHUVRQWRGRDSDUWLFXODUMRERUWDVN$V
ZHWKLQNDERXWWKRVHVNLOOVQHFHVVDU\IRUMREVLQSDUNV
UHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHDPRQJRWKHUWKLQJVOHDGHUVSODQ
LPSOHPHQWDQGHYDOXDWHSURJUDPVDQGVHUYLFHV+HUVH\
%ODQFKDUG-RKQVRQ/HDGHUVDOVRGHDOZLWKORJLV
WLFVVDIHW\DQGOHJDOLVVXHVDQGRIfiFHWDVNV2WKHUWHFKQL
FDOVNLOOVXVHGE\OHLVXUHSUDFWLWLRQHUVLQGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLS
SRVLWLRQVLQFOXGHOHDGLQJVRQJVJDPHVDQGDFWLYLWLHVLQ
DYDULHW\RIVHWWLQJV7HFKQLFDOVNLOOVDUHUHDGLO\WDXJKWWR
PRVWOHDGHUVWREH,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWDSHUVRQZKR
LVVXFFHVVIXODWWHFKQLFDOWDVNVPD\EHDQH[FHOOHQWWHFK
QLFLDQ\HWDSRRUOHDGHU$QHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUDOVRQHHGV
VWURQJLQWHUSHUVRQDODQGFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOV
❖ ❖ ❖
$OOWKUHHGRPDLQVRIOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVDUHFULWLFDOWRVXFFHVV
LQSDUNVUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHV0XFKVWXG\SUDF
WLFHDQGUHDOZRUOGH[SHULHQFHDUHQHFHVVDU\WREHFRPH
SURILFLHQWLQWKHVHWKUHHDUHDV $VZLWKDOOHOHPHQWVRI
VXFFHVVWREHWUXO\JRRGDWZKDWZHGRZHQHHGRQJRLQJ
VWXG\OHDUQLQJDQGUHILQHPHQWRIWKHVNLOOGRPDLQVWKDW
FKDUDFWHUL]HOHDGHUVKLS%HFRPLQJDOHDGHULVDOLIHORQJ
MRXUQH\LWVKRXOGDOVREHDFRQVFLRXVRQH
Impact of
.LUKLY, Ethnicity, and (NL
%HFDXVHHDUO\UHVHDUFKDERXWOHDGHUVKLSSULPDULO\XWLOL]HG
ZKLWHPDOHVDVVXEMHFWVWKHLQflXHQFHVRIJHQGHUHWKQLFLW\
RUDJHRQWKHHIIHFWLYHXVHRIWKHWKUHHVNLOOGRPDLQVZHUH
QRWH[DPLQHG$VWKHVHLQflXHQFHVEHFDPHPRUHSURPLQHQW
*VUJLW[\HS
:RPSSZ
;LJOUPJHS
:RPSSZ
0U[LYWLYZVUHS
:RPSSZ
-igure 1.67KUHHOHDGHUVNLOODUHDV
LQWHUPVRIWKHVWXG\RIOHDGHUVKLSUHVHDUFKHUVEHJDQWR
LQYHVWLJDWHWKHLULPSDFWRQWKHGHOLYHU\RIOHLVXUHVHUYLFHV
6WHUHRW\SHVZKLFKDUHIL[HGLGHDVRIWHQXQIDYR DEOHDERXWPHPEHUVRIDSDUWLFXODUJURXSDUHUHODWHGWR
GHPRJUDSKLFYDULDEOHVVXFKDVHWKQLFLW\DJHDQGJHQGHU
DQGWKH\RIWHQLQIOXHQFHWKHDFFHSWDQFHRIOHDGHUVKLSE\
IROORZHUV%UDWWRQ*ULQW1HOVRQ'XEULQ
7KH\DUHZD\VWKDWZHFDWHJRUL]HRWKHUVFDXVLQJXVWR
DVVXPHDQGH[SHFWZKDWSHRSOHRIDFHUWDLQJURXSZLOOEH
OLNHDQGKRZWKH\ZLOODFW:KHQLQGLYLGXDOVLGHQWLI\DQG
DFNQRZOHGJHDOHDGHUWKH\PL[H[SHFWDWLRQVLHVWHUHR
W\SHVRIOHDGHUVKLSZLWKH[SHFWDWLRQVDERXWWKHJURXSWKDW
SHUVRQDSSHDUVWRUHSUHVHQWHJHOGHUO\+LVSDQLFGLV
DEOHG,IWKHH[SHFWDWLRQVDQGVWHUHRW\SHVGRQRWDSSHDU
WREHLQV\QFJURXSPHPEHUVPD\QRWIROORZWKDWSHUVRQ
RUZLOOGRVRZLWKVRPHKHVLWDWLRQ
)RULQVWDQFHWHHQDJHUVDUHRIWHQSHUFHLYHGDQG
WKHUHIRUHH[SHFWHGWREHLUUHVSRQVLEOHLPPDWXUHLP
SDWLHQWDQGXQDEOHWRPDNHVRXQGGHFLVLRQV/HDGHUVDUH
H[SHFWHGWREHYHU\UHVSRQVLEOHPDWXUHSDWLHQWDQGDEOH
WRPDNHJRRGGHFLVLRQV7KHVHWZRVKRUWOLVWVDUHVWHUHR
W\SHV²QHJDWLYHH[SHFWDWLRQVIRUWHHQVDQGSRVLWLYHH[SHF
WDWLRQVIRUOHDGHUV6RPHRQHZKREHOLHYHVWKHVHVWHUHRW\SHV
ZLOODXWRPDWLFDOO\DVVXPHWKDWHYHU\WHHQDJHUKDVWKH
QHJDWLYHWUDLWVDQGWKDWHYHU\OHDGHUKDVWKHSRVLWLYHWUDLWV
7KHUHIRUHWKHH[SHFWDWLRQVRUVWHUHRW\SHVDERXWWHHQVDQG
OHDGHUVDUHSHUFHLYHGDVLQFRPSDWLEOH:KLOHWKHVWHUHR
W\SHLVQRWDFFXUDWHO\DSSOLHGWRDOOWHHQVDSHUVRQZKR
EHOLHYHGWKHVWHUHRW\SHVZRXOGQRWYLHZWHHQDJHUVDV
OHDGHUV2EYLRXVO\WKLVZRXOGHOLPLQDWHOHDGHUVKLSRSSRU
WXQLWLHVIRUPDQ\WDOHQWHGWHHQVEHIRUHJLYLQJWKHPD
FKDQFHWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKHLUVNLOOV6LPLODUVFHQDULRVFRXOG
EHGHYLVHGUHODWLQJWKHLQflXHQFHVRIJHQGHUHWKQLFLW\DQG
SK\VLFDOLPSDLUPHQWRQSHUFHLYHGOHDGHUVKLSDELOLW\
*HQHUDOO\86VRFLHW\SUHVFULEHVUROHVIRUZRPHQ
DQGPHQROGDQG\RXQJIRUWKRVHZKRKDYHGLVDELOLWLHV
DQGWKRVHZKRGRQRWDQGIRUSHRSOHRIFRORUDQGWKRVH
ZKRDUHZKLWH2QWKHVXUIDFHVRPHRIWKHVHUROHVZRXOG
VHHPLQFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHFRPSHWHQFLHVLGHQWLILHGDV
QHFHVVDU\IRUOHDGHUVKLS)RULQVWDQFHLWKDVORQJEHHQ
QRWHGWKDWLQ86FXOWXUHZRPHQDUHH[SHFWHGDQGSHU
FHLYHGWREHEHWWHUDWLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVLHEHWWHUZLWK
UHODWLRQVKLSVWKDQPHQDQGPHQDUHSUHVXPDEO\EHWWHU
WKDQZRPHQZLWKWHFKQLFDODQGFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOVLHEHW
WHUZLWKGRLQJDQGWKLQNLQJ*URYHV+RJXH<RGHU
/XGZLJDQG6F]HVQ\%RDVN1HII6FK\QV
UHSRUWWKDWLQPDQ\LQVWDQFHVZRPHQDUHOHVVOLNHO\
WREHVHHQDVOHDGHUVWKDQDUHPHQ2WKHUVKDYHIRXQGWKDW
ZRPHQLQOHDGHUVKLSUROHVWHQGWRXVHDQHPSRZHULQJW\SH
RIOHDGHUVKLSUDWKHUWKDQD³FRPPDQGDQGFRQWURO´W\SHRI
OHDGHUVKLS*URYHV1RUWKRXVH
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
10 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
An effecti]L leader, therefore, might be aU`Vne:
a 10-`LHY-old, a person of Hispanic heritage, an
PUKP]PK\HS ^OV PZ ISPUK H ^VTHU VY HU`VUL LSZL
^P[O [OL ZRPSSZ HUK PUP[PH[P]L [V MPSS H SLHKLYZOPW YVSL
YHU\OLNHO\LGHQWLI\DOLVWVLPLODUWRWKDWUHSRUWHGLQWKH
UHVHDUFKOLWHUDWXUHDERXWOHDGHUVKLS7KHFKDOOHQJHOLHVLQ
GHWHUPLQLQJZKLFKWUDLWVDQGTXDOLWLHVDUHRIPRVWLPSRU
WDQFHWRDOHDGHU:KLOHUHVHDUFKHUVVWLOOVWUXJJOHZLWK
WKLVWKHUHLVVRPHOHYHORIFRQFXUUHQFHDJUHHGXSRQWUDLWV
DUHGLVFXVVHGEHORZ
:LSM(^areness and Identity
(DJO\DQGFROOHDJXHVIRXQGWKDWLQJHQHUDO
PHQKDYHKDGPRUHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUIRUPDOOHDGHUVKLS
WKDQKDYHZRPHQDWWKHVDPHWLPHZRPHQKDYHJDLQHG
PXFKH[SHULHQFHLQLQIRUPDOVHWWLQJVDQGLQIROORZHUVKLS
UROHV7KLVGLIIHUHQFHLQDFFHVVWROHDGHUVKLSUROHVLV
WKRXJKWWREHRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVWKDWSHRSOHYLHZZRPHQ
DQGPHQGLIIHUHQWO\LQWHUPVRIFRPSHWHQFHDQGH[SHUL
HQFHLQOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQV
6RPHUHVHDUFKHUVKDYHIRXQGWKDWSHUFHSWLRQVRI
GLIIHUHQFHVLQOHDGHUVKLSDELOLWLHVEDVHGRQJHQGHUDQG
HWKQLFLW\DUHUHDOO\GXHWRSHUFHLYHGGLIIHUHQFHVLQVWDWXV
DQGSRZHU:RPHQDQGSHRSOHRIFRORUWHQGWRKDYHD
ORZHUVRFLDOVWDWXVDQGOHVVDFFHVVWRUHVRXUFHVLH
SRZHULQ86VRFLHW\WKDQZKLWHPDOHV%DUWRO0DUWLQ
.URPNRZVNL/HDGHUVKLSLVSHUFHLYHGDVEHLQJ
DKLJKVWDWXVKLJKSRZHUSRVLWLRQ7KXVWKRVHZLWKKLJK
VRFLDOVWDWXVDQGSHUFHLYHGSRZHUDUHPRUHOLNHO\EH
DFFHSWHGDVOHDGHUVWKDQWKRVHZLWKOHVVUHFRJQL]HGVWDWXV
DQGSRZHU:HVKRXOGEHDOHUWWRWKLV³JHQGHULQJ´RU
³HWKQLFL]LQJ´RIOHDGHUVKLSDVHDFKRIXVPRYHVLQWRYDUL
RXVOHDGHUVKLSUROHV*URXSH[SHFWDWLRQVPXVWEHPDQDJHG
WRIDFLOLWDWHHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLSIRUDZRPDQDQHOGHUO\
SHUVRQVRPHRQHZLWKDGLVDELOLW\RUDSHUVRQRIFRORU
7RPDNHDJHQHUDOL]DWLRQWKDWRQHJHQGHUDJHRU
HWKQLFJURXSH[FHOVDWOHDGHUVKLSLVLQDFFXUDWHDQGQRW
SDUWLFXODUO\FRQVWUXFWLYH7REHDQHIIHFWLYHOHDGHU²UDWKHU
WKDQDZRPDQOHDGHUHOGHUO\OHDGHURU1DWLYH$PHULFDQ
OHDGHU²RQHPXVWEHVNLOOHGLQWKHWKUHHSULPDU\OHDGHU
VKLSFRPSHWHQFLHVDQGKDYHWKHDELOLW\WRXVHWKRVHVNLOOV
DSSURSULDWHO\$QHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUWKHUHIRUHPLJKWEH
DQ\RQHDWHQ\HDUROGDSHUVRQRI+LVSDQLFKHULWDJHDQ
LQGLYLGXDOZKRLVEOLQGDZRPDQRUDQ\RQHHOVHZLWKWKH
VNLOOVDQGLQLWLDWLYHWRILOODOHDGHUVKLSUROH
$QHIIHFWLYHOHDGHULVRQHZKRLVVHOIDZDUH%URFDWR
7XEEV(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVXQGHUVWDQGWKH
QRWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLSGHYHORSPHQWDVDMRXUQH\7KH\
SUDFWLFHVHOIUHIOHFWLRQWROHDUQPRUHDERXWWKHPVHOYHV
(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVGHYHORSDZDUHQHVVRIWKHLUDWWLWXGHV
WDOHQWVZHDNQHVVHVELDVHVVWUHQJWKVDQGSUHGLVSRVLWLRQV
7KH\ZLOOLQJO\ZRUNRQGHYHORSLQJWKHLUWDOHQWVDQG
OHDUQLQJKRZWRDSSO\WKHPLQWKHEHVWOLJKW7KH\KDYH
LQZDUGO\GHFLGHGWRJURZPRUHFRQVFLRXVGHYHORSHG
DQGVNLOOHGLQWKHZD\VRIOHDGHUVKLS
%HFDXVHRIWKLVLQZDUGH[DPLQDWLRQDQHIIHFWLYH
OHDGHUKDVDVHQVHRILGHQWLW\²DQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKR
VKHRUKHLVDQGLVQRW$VWURQJVHQVHRIVHOIDOORZVD
OHDGHUWREHLQPDQ\GLIIHUHQWVLWXDWLRQVDQGUHPDLQWUXH
,GHQWLW\LVEDVHGRQDVHWRIFRUHYDOXHVWKHJXLGLQJEHOLHIV
LQRQH¶VOLIHDQGLVUHODWHGWRLQWHJULW\,WLVZKDWDOORZV
DSHUVRQWRIHHODVHQVHRIZKROHQHVVDQGLQWHJUDWLRQ$
OHDGHUZLWKDVWURQJVHQVHRIVHOIH[XGHVVHOIFRQILGHQFH
DQGDVHQVHRIZKRVKHRUKHLVQRPDWWHUWKHVLWXDWLRQ
7KHVHOHDGHUVWHQGWREHHDV\WRIROORZEHFDXVHWKH\DUH
FRQVLVWHQWLQWKHLUOHDGHUVKLSHIIRUWV
*V\YHNL
$QHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUKDVFRXUDJHWRGRZKDWVKHRUKHEH
OLHYHVLVULJKWWRVWDQGXSIRUKHURUKLVFRQYLFWLRQVDQG
WRJRDJDLQVWWKHJUDLQZKHQQHHGHGVKHRUKHKDVWKH
FRXUDJHWRWDNHULVNV'L[RQ:HVWEURRN6WRQH
5XVVHOO3DWWHUVRQ&RXUDJHLQYROYHVWKHZLOOLQJ
QHVVWRPDNHGLIILFXOWGHFLVLRQVWRWU\QHZWKLQJVDQG
WRPDNHDQGDGPLWPLVWDNHVVRWKDWDVPXFKDVSRVVLEOH
FDQEHOHDUQHGIURPHYHU\VLWXDWLRQ%HLQJZLOOLQJWRWDNH
ULVNVDQGDFFHSWLQJUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRURQH¶VRZQDFWLRQV
DUHHOHPHQWVRIFRXUDJH6RPHEHOLHYHWKDWFRXUDJHLVD
Leader ;Yaits and Qualities
,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHW\SHVRIVNLOOVQHFHVVDU\IRUVXFFHVVIXO
(U LMMLJ[P]L SLHKLY OHZ JV\YHNL [V KV ^OH[ ZOL
OHDGHUVKLSPDQ\TXDOLWLHVRUWUDLWVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLILHG
VY OL ILSPL]LZ PZ YPNO[ [V Z[HUK \W MVY OLY VY OPZ
DVEHLQJLPSRUWDQWWROHDGHUVKLS7UDLWVDUHTXDOLWLHVRU
JVU]PJ[PVUZ HUK [V NV HNHPUZ[ [OL NYHPU ^OLU
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIDQLQGLYLGXDO*HQHUDOO\SHRSOHEHOLHYH
ULLKLK" ZOL VY OL OHZ [OL JV\YHNL [V [HRL YPZRZ
WKDWOHDGHUVSRVVHVVPDQ\SRVLWLYHTXDOLWLHV,I\RXZHUH
DVNHGWRPDNHDOLVWRIOHDGHUVKLSTXDOLWLHV\RXZRXOG
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 11
ns
at
io
pe
ct
P[`
JYLH[
P]
ZP[
P]
e
m
H[ en
[P[ ta
\K l
L
WV
U[PJ
3,(
YP[`
TH[\
‹
y
tit
en
ex
id
gh
H\[OL
of
HNL
JV\Y
+,9:/07 ‹ ,--,*;0
hi
SP[`
UZPIP
YLZWV
e
ns
se
,(+,9:/07 ‹
0 =, 3
,-,* ;
,*
,
;0=
‹
,
07
3
/
or
L
Z[LUJ
WLYZP
‹ ,--,*;0=, 3
/07
,(
+
,9:
,9
(+
:/
3,
07
m
hu
[P]L
,-,
*
=,
of
PUP[PH
‹
;0
YP[`
e
=,
7ZRRWKHUNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIOHDGHUVPHQWLRQHG
WKURXJKRXWWKHOHDGHUVKLSOLWHUDWXUHDUHIRFXVDQGFRP
PLWPHQW%DQXWX*RPH]'L[RQ:HVWEURRN
/X(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKDYHDIRFXVWKH\
NQRZZKDWWKH\DUHDLPLQJIRUDQGWKH\FDQDUWLFXODWH
WKDWIRFXVWRRWKHUV,QIDFWHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVDUHRIWHQLQ
GLYLGXDOVZKRFODULI\WKDWIRFXVIRUIROORZHUV&RPPLW
PHQWUHIHUVWREHLQJFRPPLWWHGWRWKHLGHDOZKLFKLVRIWHQ
WKHXOWLPDWHIRFXVDVZHOODVWRRQH¶VJURXSRURUJDQL
]DWLRQ,WLVVRLPSRUWDQWWROHDGHUVKLSGHYHORSPHQWWKDW
RQHDXWKRUVXJJHVWVWKDWOHDGHUVQHHGWR³VKRZXQFRP
PRQFRPPLWPHQW´&RKHQSHPSKDVLVDGG
HG7KLVFRPPLWPHQWLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKIRFXVKHOSVWR
GULYHOHDGHUVDQGPRYHJURXSVIRUZDUG
ns
se
-ocus and Commitment
:/
,9
+
,(
--,*;0=, 3,(+,9:/
‹ ,
07
07
PU[LN
$VXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUKDVGULYHDQGGHWHUPLQDWLRQWRVHH
WDVNVWKURXJKWRFRPSOHWLRQ&ODUNF7XEEV
7KLVUHVROYHKHOSVDOHDGHUWRIRFXVDQGPHHWKHURUKLV
FRPPLWPHQWWRWKHJURXSDVZHOODVWKHJURXSJRDOV
/HDGHUVZLWKGULYHVHHPFRPSHOOHGWRFRQWLQXHWKHLUTXHVW
DQGWRKHOSWKHJURXSPRYHIRUZDUG,QWKHIDFHRIGLIfiFXO
WLHVRUFKDOOHQJHVOHDGHUVZLWKGULYHDQGGHWHUPLQDWLRQ
SHUVHYHUH²WKH\PRYHWKURXJKWKHFKDOOHQJHOHDUQIURP
WKHVWUXJJOHDQGFRQWLQXHWRZRUNWRZDUGWKHGHVLUHGHQG
'L[RQDQG:HVWEURRNDQG/XUHSRUWWKH
PRVWLPSRUWDQWWUDLWRUTXDOLW\RIDOHDGHULVKRQHVW\
%HLQJXSIURQWDQGWHOOLQJWKHWUXWKLQDNLQGDQGFRPSDV
VLRQDWHPDQQHULVDQLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWRIGHYHORSLQJWUXVW
EHWZHHQOHDGHUVDQGIROORZHUV,IDJURXSIHHOVDVWKRXJK
WKHOHDGHULVQRWEHLQJFRPSOHWHO\KRQHVWLVKROGLQJEDFN
LQIRUPDWLRQWKDWDIIHFWVWKHPRULVSXUSRVHIXOO\GHFHLYLQJ
0=,
+YP]e and Determination
/VULZ[`
3
,
(+
,9
:
$FFRUGLQJWRVHYHUDODXWKRUVOHDGHUVDUHFUHDWLYH%DQXWX
*RPH]&ODUND7XEEV&UHDWLYLW\
LQYROYHVWKLQNLQJEURDGO\DZLOOLQJQHVVWRWU\QHZLGHDV
DQGQRWEHLQJDIUDLGWRORRNVLOO\&UHDWLYHSHRSOHFDQ
XVXDOO\WKLQNLQDEVWUDFWWHUPVDQGVHHRQHWKLQJIURP
PDQ\GLIIHUHQWSHUVSHFWLYHV&UHDWLYHSHRSOHFRORURXWVLGH
RIWKHOLQHVDQGDUHSURXGRILWFKDOOHQJHRWKHUVWRWKLQN
LQDflXLGIDVKLRQDQGKDYHDJRRGVHQVHRIKXPRU7KH\
XVHWKHLULPDJLQDWLRQWRFUHDWHPHDQLQJIXODQGQHZLGHDV
DQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVDVWKH\JREH\RQGWUDGLWLRQDOLGHDV
UXOHVUHODWLRQVKLSVDQGSDWWHUQV%HLQJFUHDWLYHLVQHFHV
VDU\ZKHWKHURQHLVOHDGLQJDQDFWLYLW\VROYLQJDIDFLOLW\
UHODWHGSUREOHPRUSODQQLQJDSURJUDP
(IIHFWLYHDQGUHVSHFWHGOHDGHUVKDYHKLJKH[SHFWDWLRQVRI
WKHPVHOYHVDVZHOODVRWKHUV/HDY\6FKUXLMHU
7KH\H[SHFWTXDOLW\ZRUNIRUTXDOLW\DQGWKHUHE\DFKLHYH
TXDOLW\+LJKH[SHFWDWLRQVFDUU\RYHULQWRDOODVSHFWVRI
OHDGHUVKLS²FRQFHSWXDOVNLOOVHJH[SHFWLQJWREHDEOH
WRILQGVROXWLRQVWRGLOHPPDVLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVHJ
H[SHFWLQJSRVLWLYHDQGXSEHDWWKLQJVIURPSHRSOHDQG
WHFKQLFDOVNLOOVHJVWULYLQJIRUDSHUIHFWVDIHW\UHFRUG
7KHVHOIIXOILOOLQJSURSKHF\VXJJHVWVWKDWZKDWSHRSOH
H[SHFWWKH\UHFHLYH7KLVPHDQVWKDWDOHDGHUZKRH[SHFWV
DJUHDWGHDODQGZKRKDVKLJKVWDQGDUGVFRPPRQO\fiQGV
WKDWIROORZHUVPHHWWKRVHKLJKH[SHFWDWLRQV$WWKHVDPH
WLPHDOHDGHUZLWKORZVWDQGDUGVDQGH[SHFWDWLRQVRI
RWKHUVPD\ILQGWKDWIROORZHUVULVHRQO\DVKLJKDVWKRVH
H[SHFWDWLRQV+LJKH[SHFWDWLRQVJLYHIROORZHUVDWDUJHWIRU
ZKLFKWKH\FDQDLP
;
,*
*YLH[P]P[`
High Expectations
,-
IRUFHZLWKLQDSHUVRQ,QDQHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUFRXUDJHPXVW
EHDFFRPSDQLHGE\FRQVLGHUDWLRQ%HLQJFRQVLGHUDWHRI
RWKHUVLQWKHIDFHRIFRXUDJHLVQHFHVVDU\WRDFKLHYHD
EDODQFHLQOHDGHUVKLS
-igure 1.70DQ\TXDOLWLHVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHIIHFWLYH
OHDGHUVKLS
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
12 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
WKHPVKHRUKHZLOOQRWEHDFFHSWHGDVWKHOHDGHUIRUORQJ
$OHDGHUZKRLVYLHZHGDVKRQHVWZLOODOVREHYLHZHGDV
EHLQJWUXVWZRUWK\DQGWKHJURXSZLOOEHOLNHO\WRDFFHSW
KHURUKLVVNLOOVDQGWDOHQWVDVWKHOHDGHU
0U[LNYP[`
(YHU\GD\SHRSOHIDFHHWKLFDOFKRLFHVDQGGHFLVLRQVWKDW
LPSDFWRWKHUV,QWHJULW\PHDQVGRLQJZKDWLVULJKWUDWKHU
WKDQZKDWLVWKHHDVLHVW,QDGGLWLRQWRKRQHVW\LQWHJULW\LV
DQRWKHUEXLOGLQJEORFNWKDWIRUPVWKHEDVLVIRUWUXVWEH
WZHHQSHRSOH5HVSHFWHGDQGHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKDYHWKH
LQWHJULW\DQGFRXUDJHWREHKRQHVWZLWKWKHPVHOYHVDQG
RWKHUV,IDJURXSGRHVQRWWUXVWDOHDGHUWKHOHDGHUZLOO
EHLQHIIHFWLYHLQZRUNLQJZLWKWKHJURXS/LNHDSHUVRQ
ZLWKDVWURQJVHQVHRIVHOIDOHDGHUZLWKLQWHJULW\KDVD
VROLGFRUHRIYDOXHVDQGHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVXSRQZKLFKVKH
RUKHEDVHVGHFLVLRQVDFWLRQVDQGWKRXJKWV7KHVHYDOXHV
DUHDSSDUHQWWRRWKHUVDQGUHPDLQFRQVLVWHQWDFURVVVLWXD
WLRQV6WRQH5XVVHOO3DWWHUVRQ6WRUU
Like a person with a strong sense of self, a
SLHKLY ^P[O PU[LNYP[` OHZ H ZVSPK JVYL VM ]HS\LZ
and ethical principles upon ^OPJh she or he
bases decisions, actions, and thoughts.
7VZP[P]e Mental ([[P[\KL
+LJKO\VRXJKWDIWHUOHDGHUVPDLQWDLQDSRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHLQ
WKHPLGVWRIQRWVRSRVLWLYHVLWXDWLRQV$SRVLWLYHPHQWDO
DWWLWXGH30$DOORZVDOHDGHUWRDOZD\VVHHWKHEULJKW
VLGHRIVLWXDWLRQV7KH\KDYHKLJKHQHUJ\DQGNQRZKRZ
WRXVHLW'XSXLV%ORRP/RXJKHDG.ULVKQDQ
7KHVHOHDGHUVFHOHEUDWHERWKVXFFHVVDQGIDLOXUH
EHFDXVHWKRVHH[SHULHQFHVKHOSWKHPWROHDUQ0F'HUPRWW
3HRSOHZLWK30$VDUHIDVFLQDWLQJSHRSOH7KH\
DOZD\VVHHPXSEHDWDQGORRNIRUWKHJRRGLQRWKHUVDQG
LQVLWXDWLRQV7KH\WHQGWREHJRRGOLVWHQHUVDQGZDQWWR
KHOSRWKHUV3HRSOHGHVLUHWREHDURXQGWKRVHZKRKDYHD
SRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHOHDGHUVZKRFDQPDLQWDLQWKLVWHQGWR
EHZHOOUHVSHFWHGDQGVXFFHVVIXO/HDGHUVZLWK30$
W\SLFDOO\KDYHFRQILGHQFHLQWKHPVHOYHVDQGLQRWKHUV
SURIHVVLRQDOLVP%URFDWR/X1HOVRQDQG
4XLFNLGHQWLILHGDGGLWLRQDOLWHPVIRUWKHOLVWRI
OHDGHUTXDOLWLHVDVHQVHRIIULHQGOLQHVVVHOIPRWLYDWLRQ
VXSSRUWLYHRIJURXSWDVNVFRQWURORYHURQH¶VRZQHPR
WLRQVGRPLQDQFHJUHDWSK\VLFDOHQHUJ\DZLOOLQJQHVV
WRWDNHULVNVVWURQJYDOXHVDQGPDWXULW\$FFRUGLQJWR
QXPHURXVRWKHUDXWKRUVGHVLUHGOHDGHUTXDOLWLHVDOVR
LQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ
‡DGDSWDELOLW\
‡JRRGKHDOWK
‡FDQEHDIROORZHU
‡KLJKHQHUJ\
‡FRPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOV
‡VWULYHVIRUMXVWLFH
‡FRPSDVVLRQDWH
‡LQLWLDWLYH
‡FRRSHUDWLYHQHVV
‡LQVLJKWIXOQHVV
‡FXULRVLW\
‡SHUVLVWHQFH
‡HPSDWK\
‡SHUVXDVLYH
‡HPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH
‡SOHDVLQJDSSHDUDQFH
‡HPRWLRQDOPDWXULW\
‡VHQVHRIKXPRU
‡HQDEOLQJSHUVRQDOLW\
‡VWDPLQD
‡VHQVHRIIDLUQHVV
‡WDFW
‡IOH[LELOLW
‡ZDUPSHUVRQDOLW\
*URYHV+XOWPDQ.DQWHU7XEEV
❖ ❖ ❖
0DQ\SHRSOHKDYHJLYHQDJRRGGHDORIWKRXJKWWROHDGHU
WUDLWVDQGTXDOLWLHVDQGPDQ\SHRSOHOLNHWRPDNHOLVWV
:KLOHSDUWLFXODUTXDOLWLHVDUHLPSRUWDQWRQHPXVWKDYHD
VROLGNQRZOHGJHEDVHWREHDWUXO\HIIHFWLYHDQGUHVSHFWHG
OHDGHU&RQWLQXRXVVHOIGHYHORSPHQWDQGVHOILPSURYH
PHQWDUHWKHKDOOPDUNVRIDQH[HPSODU\OHDGHU,QDQGRI
WKHPVHOYHVOHDGHUVKLSTXDOLWLHVZLOOQRWUHVXOWLQHIIHF
WLYHOHDGHUVKLS
=HS\LZ
9DOXHVKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGDVWKHDWWLWXGHVDERXWWKH
ZRUWKRISHRSOHFRQFHSWVDQGWKLQJV&ODUNF
.ULVKQDQ7KH\DUHFHQWUDOWRHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS
DQGOHDGHUVQHHGWREHFRQVFLRXVRIWKHLUSHUVRQDORUJDQL
]DWLRQDODQGFXOWXUDOYDOXHV'LVFXVVLRQVDERXWYDOXHV
RIWHQDURXVHFRQWURYHUV\²VRPHEHOLHYHLWLVQRWULJKWIRU
DQ\RQHSHUVRQRUDJHQF\WRDVVHUWKHURUKLVYDOXHVRQ
DQRWKHURWKHUVEHOLHYHWKLVWREHDEVROXWHO\QHFHVVDU\
2QHEHOLHISRVLWLRQDVVHUWVWKDWDOOYDOXHVDUHHTXDOO\JRRG
DQRWKHUEHOLHISDUDGLJPMXGJHVYDOXHVE\UHOLJLRXVRU
SKLORVRSKLFDOWHQHWV3HRSOHFRPPRQO\TXHVWLRQZKHUH
DQGE\ZKRPYDOXHVVKRXOGEHWDXJKW²WKHKRPH
Other Leader Qualities
FKXUFKVFKRROSOD\JURXQGRURWKHUVRFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQV
9DOXHVDUHHYHU\ZKHUHQRQHRIXVRSHUDWHVLQDYDO
2WKHUUHVHDUFKKDVUHSRUWHGGHVLUDEOHOHDGHUTXDOLWLHVWR
XHVYDFXXP(YHU\WKLQJZHVD\DQGGRUHflHFWVRXUYDOXHV
LQFOXGHFRPSHWHQFHYLVLRQLQVSLUDWLRQLQWHOOLJHQFHIDLU
DQGWKHODUJHUYDOXHVRIRXUFXOWXUH7KHZD\ZHZHDURXU
QHVVWROHUDQFHVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGQHVVLPDJLQDWLRQDQG
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 13
KDLURXUFKRLFHRIFORWKLQJHYHQWKHODQJXDJHZHXVH
UHflHFWVRXUSHUVRQDODQGFXOWXUDOYDOXHV/HDGHUVLQOHLVXUH
VHUYLFHVPXVWNQRZDQGXQGHUVWDQGWKHYDOXHVWKH\SUR
PRWHFRYHUWO\LHVXEWO\DVZHOODVRYHUWO\LHSXUSRVH
IXOO\WKURXJKWKHLUZRUNDQGFKRVHQOHDGHUVKLSVW\OHV:H
VKRXOGDOVRUHPHPEHUWKDWLWLVLPSRUWDQWIRUOHDGHUVWR
DFNQRZOHGJHXQGHUVWDQGDQGEHFRQVLGHUDWHRIRWKHUV¶
FXOWXUDOYDOXHVLQRUGHUWREHDFRPSDVVLRQDWHOHDGHU
0DQ\RIWKHVHYDOXHVVHUYHDVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUYDULRXV
OHDGHUVKLSWKHRULHVSUHVHQWHGLQWKHQH[WFKDSWHU
,QDGGLWLRQWRYDOXHVUHODWHGWRULJKWDQGZURQJ
WKHUHDUHRWKHUYDOXHVWKDWHIIHFWLYHDQGZHOOUHVSHFWHG
OHDGHUVH[KLELWLQWKHLUZRUN.ULVKQDQRIIHUVWHQ
YDOXHW\SHVWKDWLQGLFDWHDFRPPLWPHQWWRSRVLWLYHOHDGHU
VKLSRSSRUWXQLWLHV%HFDXVHWKHUHLVQRVWDWHGRUGHURI
LPSRUWDQFHWKH\DUHSUHVHQWHGKHUHLQDOSKDEHWLFDORUGHU
An (JOPL]ement Orientation
$FKLHYHPHQWRULHQWDWLRQLVDYDOXHWKDWLQGLFDWHVDVHQVHRI
LQLWLDWLYHRUWDNLQJDFWLRQDQGIROORZWKURXJK,WLQFOXGHV
YDOXHVUHODWHGWRSHUVRQDOVXFFHVVDPELWLRQDQGLQWHO
OLJHQFH$OHDGHUZKRH[KLELWVDQDFKLHYHPHQWRULHQWDWLRQ
DQGIRFXVHVRQVXFFHVVIXOO\DFKLHYLQJJRDOVLHVRFLHWDO
RUJDQL]DWLRQDORUSHUVRQDOWHQGVWREHZHOOUHVSHFWHG
$QDFKLHYHPHQWRULHQWDWLRQFDQKHOSDOHDGHUVHHDWDVN
WKURXJKIURPEHJLQQLQJWRHQGLQFOXGLQJFOHDQXSDQG
HYDOXDWLRQ,WLQYROYHVVWD\LQJIRFXVHGRQWKHWDVNDQG
ZRUNLQJZLWKSHRSOHWRHQVXUHHDFKLQGLYLGXDO¶VVWUHQJWKV
DUHEHLQJXWLOL]HGWRDFKLHYHJURXSJRDOVWKURXJKRXWWKH
HQWLUHSURFHVV
)LUL]VSLUJL
/HDGHUVZKRYDOXHEHQHYROHQFHWHQGWREHKHOSIXOKRQHVW
IRUJLYLQJOR\DODQGUHVSRQVLEOHLQGLYLGXDOV$SHUVRQ
ZKRYDOXHVEHQHYROHQFHRIWHQHQJHQGHUVDVLPLODUVHQVH
RIKHOSIXOQHVVDQG³RWKHU´RULHQWDWLRQLQJURXSPHPEHUV
6XFFHVVIXODQGHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVNQRZWKHLUJURXSPHP
EHUV¶QHHGVDQGIRFXVRQWKHJURXS¶VQHHGVUDWKHUWKDQ
WKHLURZQ7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHQHHGVRIRWKHUVDUHSXW
DKHDGRIWKHQHHGVRIWKHOHDGHU7KHOHDGHU¶VSULPDU\
UHVSRQVLELOLW\LVWRKHOSRWKHUVGRWKHLUMREVZHOODQG
VXFFHVVIXOO\)RULQVWDQFHDVDOHDGHUPRYHVDERXWDQG
REVHUYHVRWKHUVDWZRUNVKHRUKHFRQVWDQWO\ZRQGHUV
³:KDWFDQ,GRWRPDNHWKDWSHUVRQ¶VMREHDVLHU":KDW
GRHVWKDWSHUVRQQHHGULJKWQRZWRPDNHWKLQJVPRYH
VPRRWKO\"+RZFDQ,PDNHWKDWKDSSHQIRUWKHP"´,Q
WKLVZD\WKHOHDGHUPDQLIHVWVDQHQDEOLQJSHUVRQDOLW\
5RVV2IIHUPDQ
*VUMVYTP[`
,QVRPHUHVSHFWVOHDGHUVDUHDSDUDGR[²WKH\DUHFRQ
IRUPLVWVDQGUHYROXWLRQDULHVDWWKHVDPHWLPH/HDGHUVKLS
UHTXLUHVLQQRYDWLRQLPDJLQDWLRQFUHDWLYLW\DQGDZLOOLQJ
QHVVWRWDNHULVNV$WWKHVDPHWLPHLWUHTXLUHVDQXQGHU
VWDQGLQJDQGDJUHHPHQWZLWKZKDWLVVRFLDOO\DFFHSWDEOH
$VDYDOXHFDWHJRU\FRQIRUPLW\LQFOXGHVEHLQJSROLWH
REHGLHQWVHOIGLVFLSOLQHGDQGKRQRULQJRQH¶VHOGHUV
&OHDUO\UHVSHFWIRUVHOIRWKHUVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVLVHP
EHGGHGLQWKLVYDOXHW\SH
/LKVUPZT
0DQ\DUHVXUSULVHGWRVHHKHGRQLVPLQFOXGHGLQDOLVWRI
YDOXHVUHODWHGWROHDGHUVKLS+HGRQLVPKDVDFRQQRWDWLRQ
RIEHLQJQRWKLQJEXWVHOILQGXOJHQWDQGVHOIVDWLVI\LQJ
:LWKDEURDGHUORRNKRZHYHUKHGRQLVPUHIHUVWRHQMR\LQJ
OLIHDQGH[SHULHQFLQJSOHDVXUH7KHUHLVQRGRXEWWKDW
OHDGHUVZKRH[XGHDORYHRIOLIHDQGSOHDVXUHLQZKDWWKH\
GRDWWUDFWIROORZHUVZKRZDQWWRVKDUHDVLPLODURXWORRN
RQOLIH:KHQWDNHQRXWRIWKHVHOfiVKFRQWH[WWKLVYDOXHLV
LPSRUWDQWIRUOHDGHUVWRGHPRQVWUDWH
7V^LY
(OHPHQWVRISRZHULQFOXGHDXWKRULW\ZHDOWKEURDGO\
FRQFHLYHGDQGVRFLDOUHFRJQLWLRQRUVWDWXV%\WKHSRVL
WLRQWKH\fiOOOHDGHUVDUHYLHZHGDVKDYLQJSRZHU$VZLWK
KHGRQLVPKRZHYHUOHDGHUVKLSLVQRWDERXWWKHVHOILVK
DFFXPXODWLRQRUXVHRISRZHU5DWKHULWLVDERXWXVLQJ
SRZHULQDSSURSULDWHZD\VWRIDFLOLWDWHJURXSGHYHORSPHQW
DQGWDVNDFFRPSOLVKPHQW,WDOVRLVDERXWXVLQJRQH¶V
SRVLWLRQDVOHDGHUWRHPSRZHURWKHUV²WRKHOSRWKHUV
an acOPL]ement orientation
ILUL]VSLUJL
\UP]LYZHSPZT
ZLSMKPYLJ[PVU
Z[PT\SH[PVU
OLKVUPZT
*6RE =(3<,:
ZLJ\YP[`
JVUMVYTP[`
[YHKP[PVU
WV^LY
-igure 1.8(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLSUHTXLUHVDOHDGHUWRKDYHD
VROLGFRUHRIYDOXHV
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
4 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
GLVFRYHUDQGPDNHXVHRIWKHLURZQVWUHQJWKVDQGJLIWVLQ
WKHJURXS¶VZRUN
:LJ\YP[`
2QHRIWKHUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVRIDOHDGHULVWRPDNHRWKHUV
IHHOVDIH²SK\VLFDOO\SV\FKRORJLFDOO\DQGHPRWLRQDOO\
7KLVYDOXHW\SHLQFOXGHVVDIHW\VRFLDORUGHUKHDOWKDQG
FOHDQOLQHVV/HDGHUVZKRYDOXHWKHVHDVSHFWVRIWKLVYDOXH
GHPRQVWUDWHLWSHUVRQDOO\WKURXJKDFWLRQVDVZHOODVWKHLU
VHQVHRIEHLQJ0DLQWDLQLQJSHUVRQDOKHDOWKDQGFOHDQOL
QHVVHJSK\VLFDOPHQWDOHPRWLRQDOVSLULWXDOVHUYHVDV
DIRXQGDWLRQIRUJURXSPHPEHUVWRIHHOVHFXUH(QVXULQJ
JURXSVDIHW\WKURXJKUHODWLRQVKLSEXLOGLQJDQGPDLQWH
QDQFHDUHRWKHUHOHPHQWVRIWKLVYDOXH
:LSM+PYLJ[PVU
7KHIDFWWKDWOHDGHUVOHDGE\H[DPSOHDQGPRGHOEHKDYLRUV
LVLPSRUWDQWWRUHPHPEHU6HOIGLUHFWLRQLQFOXGHVGLV
SOD\LQJLQGHSHQGHQWWKRXJKWIUHHGRPVHOIGLVFLSOLQHDQG
DVHQVHRISHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\²DOOWUDLWVPHPEHUVRIHIIHF
WLYHJURXSVH[KLELW(IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVNQRZZKRWKH\DUH
DQGZKHUHWKH\ZDQWWRJR7KH\DOVRXVXDOO\KDYHJRRG
LGHDVDERXWKRZWRUHDFKWKHLUJRDOV7KHFRQWUDGLFWLRQRI
VHOIGLVFLSOLQHDQGIUHHGRPIRULQVWDQFHJLYHVXVDQLGHD
DERXWWKHQHHGIRUEDODQFHLQEHLQJVHOIGLUHFWHG
:[PT\SH[PVU
3UHYLRXVO\LWZDVPHQWLRQHGWKDWHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVDUH
LQQRYDWLYHFUHDWLYHDQGKDYHSRVLWLYHPHQWDODWWLWXGHV
/HDGHUVHQJDJHLQVWLPXODWLQJDFWLYLWLHVWRHQKDQFHWKHVH
WUDLWV7KHDFWLYLWLHVPLJKWEHLQWHOOHFWXDOHJJHQHUDWLQJ
QHZLGHDVRUSK\VLFDOHJKDQJJOLGLQJRUDFRPELQD
WLRQRIERWK,QFOXGHGZLWKLQWKLVW\SHRIYDOXHLVDGHVLUH
RUQHHGIRUFKDOOHQJHGDULQJH[SORLWVQRYHOW\H[FLWHPHQW
DQGYDULHW\7KURXJKVHHNLQJVWLPXODWLRQOHDGHUVQRWRQO\
NHHSWKHPVHOYHVLQYLJRUDWHGDQGUHMXYHQDWHGWKH\DOVR
HQHUJL]HJURXSPHPEHUV/LYHO\JURXSVWHQGWREHDFWLYHO\
LQYROYHGLQWKHWDVNDWKDQGDQGZRUNWRJHWKHULQZD\V
WKDWGHYHORSV\QHUJ\
,MMLJ[P]e leadership requires a solid core of
]HS\LZ
EHFUHDWLYHDQG³WKLQNRXWVLGHRIWKHER[´LWLVDOVRQHFHV
VDU\WRDFNQRZOHGJHDQGKRQRU³WKHZD\WKLQJVKDYHEHHQ´
WRHIIHFWFKDQJHDQGPRYHDJURXSIRUZDUG
<UP]LYZHSPZT
7KHODVWW\SHRIYDOXHSUHVHQWHGE\.ULVKQDQLQFOXGHVLP
SRUWDQW\HWRIWHQQHJOHFWHGIDFWRUV8QLYHUVDOLVPLQFOXGHV
EHLQJEURDGPLQGHGH[SUHVVLQJDFRPPLWPHQWWRVRFLDO
MXVWLFHDQGHTXDOLW\DQGSURWHFWLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQW%HLQJ
RSHQWRQHZLGHDVQHZZD\VRIGRLQJWKLQJVQHZW\SHV
RIWKLQNLQJDQGQHZSHRSOHDUHKDOOPDUNVRIDQHIIHFWLYH
OHDGHU:RUNLQJIRUVRFLDOMXVWLFHDQGHTXDOLW\IRUDOOKHOSV
DOHDGHUWRDSSUHFLDWHDQGUHVSHFWJURXSPHPEHUVIURPDOO
³ZDONVRIOLIH´DQGWRDGGUHVVHDFKSHUVRQZLWKGLJQLW\
%HLQJDZDUHRIRQH¶VRZQLPSDFWRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDV
ZHOODVWKHJURXSLPSDFWRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDFNQRZO
HGJHVWKHUROHRIVWHZDUGWKDWZHDOOSOD\ZLWKUHJDUGWR
OLPLWHGUHVRXUFHV
❖ ❖ ❖
/HDGHUVILOODYDULHW\RIFRPSOH[UROHV 7KH\KDYHDOORI
WKHTXDOLfiFDWLRQVDQGOLPLWDWLRQVRIIROORZHUV7KH\KDYH
JRRGGD\VDQGEDGGD\V6RPHKDYHDORWRIOHDGHUVKLS
H[SHULHQFHDQGVRPHGRQRW7KRVHZKRVWULYHWREHWKH
PRVWHIIHFWLYHLQOHDGHUVKLSZRUNWRGHYHORSWKHVNLOOV
TXDOLWLHVDQGYDOXHVRIOHDGHUVGHHPHGE\UHVHDUFKHUVDV
QHFHVVDU\IRUHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS$VOHDGHUVZHHYROYH
RYHUWLPHDQGFRQWLQXDOO\LPSURYHRXUVNLOOV²OHDGHU
VKLSLVDOLIHORQJMRXUQH\7KRVHZKRVWULYHWREHWKH
VWURQJHVWOHDGHUSRVVLEOHSUDFWLFHVHOIUHIOHFWLRQVWD\
IRFXVHGDQGHQJDJHLQRQJRLQJSHUVRQDOGHYHORSPHQW
3L]els of Leadership
6RIDUZHKDYHH[DPLQHGGHILQLWLRQVRIOHDGHUVKLSH SODLQHGWKHW\SHVRIVNLOOVQHHGHGIRUVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHU
;YHKP[PVU
VKLSDQGLGHQWLfiHGOHDGHUTXDOLWLHVDQGYDOXHVZKLFKDUH
LPSRUWDQWWRIROORZHUVDQGJURXSPHPEHUV7KHVHWUDLWV
%HFDXVHVXGGHQFKDQJHFDQFDXVHDQ[LHW\DPRQJJURXS
DQGYDOXHVDUHLPSRUWDQWZKHWKHUOHDGLQJDUHFUHDWLRQDO
PHPEHUVHIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVUHPDLQJURXQGHG,QWKLV
DFWLYLW\RUGHYHORSLQJDEXGJHWEHFDXVHWKH\SHUPHDWH
LQVWDQFHEHLQJJURXQGHGUHIHUVWRXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQG
HYHU\WKLQJOHDGHUVGR/HDGLQJDQDFWLYLW\DQGGHYHORSLQJ
UHVSHFWLQJWKHFXVWRPVFRQYHQWLRQVDQGPRUHVRIDJURXS
DEXGJHWDUHYHU\GLIIHUHQWWDVNVDQGW\SLFDOO\DUHWKH
RUDJHQF\:KHQSHRSOHIHHODVWKRXJKWKHLUWUDGLWLRQVDUH
UHVSRQVLELOLW\RILQGLYLGXDOVDWGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIOHDGHU
XQGHUVWRRGDQGYDOXHGWKH\DUHPRUHRSHQWRWDNLQJULVNV
VKLS7KHIROORZLQJZLOOGLVFXVVWKUHHOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLS
DQGWU\LQJVRPHWKLQJQHZ7KXVZKLOHLWLVQHFHVVDU\WR
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 15
WKDWH[LVWZLWKLQDQRUJDQL]DWLRQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHVXSHU
YLVRU\DQGGLUHFW
(KTPUPZ[YH[P]e Leadership
7KHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHYHORIOHDGHUVKLSDOVRLVUHIHUUHGWRDV
WKHPDQDJHULDORUH[HFXWLYHOHYHO$GPLQLVWUDWLRQW\SLFDOO\
LQFOXGHVWKHDJHQF\GLUHFWRUDQGDVVLVWDQWGLUHFWRUVRU
SUHVLGHQWDQGYLFHSUHVLGHQWV,QDKLHUDUFKLFDORUJDQL]D
WLRQWKLVZRXOGEHWKHWRSOHYHOLQDZHERUVSRNHVKDSHG
RUJDQL]DWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQPD\EHHLWKHU
DWWKHFHQWHURUWKHRXWHUHGJH7KLVOHYHORIOHDGHUVKLS
SULPDULO\FRQFHUQVLWVHOIZLWKZKDWZRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHG
DGPLQLVWUDWLYHPDWWHUVVXFKDVWKHEXGJHWRUJDQL]DWLRQDO
VWUXFWXUHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDYLVLRQDQGDJHQF\SKLORVR
SK\UDLVLQJIXQGVDQGZULWLQJJUDQWV
7\SLFDOO\DGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHDGHUVKDYHUHVSRQVLELOLW\
IRUWKHHQWLUHRUJDQL]DWLRQRUDODUJHGHSDUWPHQW7KXVD
VROLGNQRZOHGJHRIDOODVSHFWVRIDQRUJDQL]DWLRQLQFOXGLQJ
VXSHUYLVRU\DQGGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLSLVUHTXLUHGIRUDQDG
PLQLVWUDWLYHOHDGHUWREHPRVWHIIHFWLYH3HRSOHDWWKLVOHYHO
RIOHDGHUVKLSQHHGVWURQJFRQFHSWXDOVNLOOVJRRGWHFKQLFDO
VNLOOVH[FHOOHQWLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVDQGWKHDELOLW\WRPDNH
VRXQGGHFLVLRQVLQWKHPLGVWRIPXFKDFWLYLW\
Supervisory Leadership
6XSHUYLVRU\OHDGHUVKLSLVFRPPRQO\WKRXJKWRIDVWKHPLG
GOHOHYHORIOHDGHUVKLSZLWKLQDQDJHQF\RURUJDQL]DWLRQ
6XSHUYLVRU\OHDGHUVUHSRUWWRDGPLQLVWUDWRUVDQGVXSHUYLVH
RUKHOSJXLGHWKRVHLQGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQVDVZHOO
DVRWKHUVWDIIPHPEHUV&RPPRQWLWOHVIRUWKLVOHYHORI
OHDGHUVKLSLQFOXGHGLYLVLRQKHDGSURJUDPGLUHFWRUXQLW
OHDGHUGLVWULFWPDQDJHUDQGGLUHFWRURIFRQWUDFWVHUYLFHV
6XSHUYLVRU\OHDGHUVW\SLFDOO\KDYHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU
VWDIIPHPEHUVLQDSDUWLFXODUGHSDUWPHQWSURJUDPDUHD
RUXQLWZLWKLQDQDJHQF\,QGLYLGXDOVLQWKLVW\SHRIOHDGHU
VKLSSRVLWLRQPDNHVRPHGHFLVLRQVGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRWKHLU
SDUWLFXODUXQLWDQGPXVWEHDEOHWRZRUNZLWKSHRSOHDQG
EHVWURQJSUREOHPVROYHUV:KHQQHHGHGVXSHUYLVRU\
OHDGHUVZLOOVWHSLQWRWKHUROHRIGLUHFWOHDGHU7KHUHIRUH
DJRRGIRXQGDWLRQRIGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLSLVQHFHVVDU\WREH
VXFFHVVIXODWWKHVXSHUYLVRU\OHYHO
QDWXUDOLVWUHFUHDWLRQWHFKQLFLDQDFWLYLW\OHDGHUUHFUHDWLRQ
WKHUDSLVWFDPSFRXQVHORUDQGLQVWUXFWRUHJPDUWLDO
DUWVDHURELFVFDQRH
'LUHFWOHDGHUVDOVRDUHFDOOHGIDFHWRIDFHOHDGHUV
EHFDXVHWKH\LQWHUDFWRQDRQHRQRQHEDVLVZLWKSDUWLFL
SDQWV7REHVXFFHVVIXOGLUHFWOHDGHUVPXVWKDYHDVROLG
NQRZOHGJHRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVDSSURSULDWHWRWKHSRVLWLRQ
HJVZLPLQVWUXFWRUVPXVWNQRZVWURNHWHFKQLTXHV
XQGHUVWDQGVDIHW\KD]DUGVDQGKRZWRPDQDJHWKHPDQG
SUDFWLFHH[FHOOHQWSHRSOHVNLOOV'LUHFWOHDGHUVDUHFRQ
VLGHUHGIURQWOLQHVWDIIDQGEHFDXVHWKH\LQWHUDFWFORVHO\
ZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWVDUHYLWDOWRTXDOLW\RIIHULQJV7KLVWH[W
IRFXVHVRQLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVNLOOVSULPDULO\QHHGHGE\
WKRVHLQYROYHGLQGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLS
❖ ❖ ❖
$OWKRXJKWKHWKUHHEDVLFOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLSDUHGLVWLQFW
VLPLODUVNLOOVWUDLWVDQGYDOXHVDUHGHVLUDEOHIRUOHDGHUVDW
DOOOHYHOV7KHVNLOOVZLOOEHXWLOL]HGGLIIHUHQWO\DVUHTXLUHG
E\WKHSDUWLFXODUJURXSVRIIROORZHUVIRUHDFKOHYHORI
OHDGHUVKLS:KLOHLWLVQRWDKDUGDQGIDVWUXOHJHQHUDOO\
DGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHDGHUVZRUNGLUHFWO\ZLWKVXSHUYLVRUV
VXSHUYLVRUVZRUNZLWKGLUHFWOHDGHUVDQGGLUHFWOHDGHUV
ZRUNZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWV:LWKLQHDFKRIWKHVHOHYHOVJURXSV
UHFRJQL]HGLIIHUHQWSHRSOHDVOHDGHUVWKURXJKGLIIHUHQW
PHFKDQLVPV7KHUHDUHVLWXDWLRQVZKHUHWKHVDPHSHUVRQ
IXOILOOVDOOWKUHHOHDGHUVKLSUROHVIRURQHOHLVXUHVHUYLFHV
DJHQF\
(KTPUPZ[YH[P]L
:\WLY]PZVY`
+PYLJ[
Direct Leadership
,QOHLVXUHVHUYLFHDJHQFLHVDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQVWKHLQGLYLG
XDOVLQGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLSUROHVSURYLGHVHUYLFHGLUHFWO\WR
SDUWLFLSDQWV,IDQDJHQF\FRQGXFWVUHFUHDWLRQSURJUDPV
WKHGLUHFWOHDGHUSODQVSUHSDUHVIRULPSOHPHQWVDQG
HYDOXDWHVWKHVSHFLfiFSURJUDP&RPPRQWLWOHVIRUSHRSOH
-igure 1.92UJDQL]DWLRQVKDYHWKUHHOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLS
LQGLUHFWOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQVLQFOXGHUHFUHDWLRQDLGH
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
7HY[PJPWHU[Z
6 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
/Vw Are Leaders Identified?
$SHUVRQPD\KDYHWKHWLWOHRIOHDGHUDQGVWLOOQRWEHDF
FHSWHGDVVXFKE\WKHJURXSVKHRUKHLVWREHOHDGLQJ)RU
LQVWDQFHLQDVFKRROFODVVURRPDVXEVWLWXWHWHDFKHUPD\
EHWKHOHDGHU²LQWLWOH+RZHYHULIWKHVWXGHQWVGRQRW
DFFHSWDQGUHLQIRUFHWKDWUROHWKHVXEVWLWXWHWHDFKHUPLJKW
QRWEHSHUFHLYHGDVWKHDFWXDOOHDGHU,QIDFWZKHQDVXE
VWLWXWHWHDFKHULVLQWKHFODVVURRPLWLVQRWXQFRPPRQIRU
DVWXGHQWLQWKHFODVVWREHWKHWUXHOHDGHURIKHURUKLV
FODVVPDWHV7REHDOHDGHURQHPXVWEHUHFRJQL]HGDQG
DFFHSWHGDVVXFKE\WKHJURXS,QGLYLGXDOVEHFRPHUHF
RJQL]HGDQGUHLQIRUFHGDVOHDGHUVE\WKHJURXSLQVHYHUDO
ZD\V$OHDGHUPLJKWEHDSSRLQWHGWKHOHDGHUPD\EH
HOHFWHGVKHRUKHPLJKWHPHUJHIURPWKHJURXSWKHSHU
VRQ¶VFKDULVPDPLJKWFDXVHRWKHUVWRIROORZRUOHDGHUVKLS
PLJKWEHDWWULEXWHGWRWKH³KDORHIIHFW´
(WWVPU[TLU[
$OHDGHUPD\EHDSSRLQWHGWRDWLWOHGSRVLWLRQWKDWLGHQ
WLILHVKHURUKLPDVWKHOHDGH 7KLVPD\RFFXUIURPWKH
DGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHYHOZLWKLQDQDJHQF\RUIURPZLWKLQD
JURXS7KHDJHQF\GLUHFWRUIRULQVWDQFHPD\KLUHLH
DSSRLQWDSHUVRQWREHDOHDGHULQDSRVLWLRQRIOLIHJXDUG
,QDQRWKHUFDVHWKHJURXSPLJKWDSSRLQWDOHDGHUHJ
FKDLUSHUVRQWRIDFLOLWDWHFRPSOHWLRQRIDWDVN2QFHDS
SRLQWHGWKDWSHUVRQPXVWIXOfiOOWKHUROHVDQGUHVSRQVLELOL
WLHVRIDOHDGHUDQGXWLOL]HOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVDQGWHFKQLTXHV
WRWKHEHVWRIKHURUKLVDELOLW\$SSRLQWHGOHDGHUVRIWHQ
HDUQUHVSHFWDVDOHDGHUWKURXJKWKHLUDFWLRQVDQGDWWLWXGHV
UHODWHGWRWKHJURXSJRDOV$SSRLQWHGOHDGHUVKRZHYHUDUH
QRWDOZD\VDXWRPDWLFDOO\DFFHSWHGDVVXFKE\IROORZHUV
;V IL H SLHKLY VUL T\Z[ IL YLJVNUPaLK HUK
accepted as suJO I` the group
KDVEHHQDSSRLQWHGRUHOHFWHGDQGLQLWLDOO\WKHJURXSLV
VRPHZKDWDGULIW7KHQIURPZLWKLQWKHJURXSRQHSHUVRQ
HPHUJHVDVWKHOHDGHU$VWKHWDVNRUJURXSFRQWLQXHVWR
H[LVWLWEHFRPHVDSSDUHQWWKDWRQHSHUVRQ³ULVHVWRWKH
WRS´LQWHUPVRIOHDGHUVKLS7KDWLQGLYLGXDOPD\EHUHF
RJQL]HGDVWKHOHDGHUE\JURXSPHPEHUVIRUKHURUKLV
NQRZOHGJHRIDQDFWLYLW\KHURUKLVVNLOOVDWPHGLDWLQJ
FRQIOLFWRUKHURUKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWWKHJURXS
QHHGVWRDFFRPSOLVK$OHDGHUZKRHPHUJHVIURPDJURXS
RIWHQKDVWKHUHVSHFWRIWKHJURXSPHPEHUVEHFDXVHVKH
RUKHLVILUVWDJURXSPHPEHUZKREHFDPHWKHOHDGH *OHYPZTH
&KDULVPDLVGHILQHGDVSHUVRQDOPDJQHWLVPRUFKDUP $
OHDGHUZLWKFKDULVPDLQGXFHVJURXSPHPEHUVWRIROORZ
ZLWKHDVHDQGJUHDWO\LQIOXHQFHVWKHP $FKDULVPDWLF
OHDGHUDURXVHVDJUHDWGHDORIHQWKXVLDVPDQGOR\DOW\IURP
ZLWKLQWKHJURXS,QLQIRUPDOOHLVXUHVHWWLQJVFKDULVPDWLF
OHDGHUVVHHPWRGUDZJURXSPHPEHUVWRWKHP)ROORZHUV
RIWHQZRUNKDUGWREHQRWLFHGE\DFKDULVPDWLFOHDGHUDQG
,SLJ[PVU
0DQ\JURXSVHOHFWOHDGHUVWROHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQV,Q
PDQ\VSRUWLQJHYHQWVIRULQVWDQFHLQGLYLGXDOVPD\EH
HOHFWHGOHDGHUVDQGJLYHQWKHWLWOHRI³WHDPFDSWDLQ´
7HDPFDSWDLQVDUHH[SHFWHGWRJXLGHWHDPPHPEHUVVHW
WKHWRQHIRUWKHWHDPDQGVHUYHDVDPRWLYDWLQJIRUFH
5HVSHFWDQGDGPLUDWLRQPD\EHJLYHQDWfiUVWEXWLWPXVW
FRQWLQXHWREHHDUQHGWKURXJKOHDGHUVKLSDFWLRQV,WVKRXOG
EHUHPHPEHUHGWKDWVRPHSHRSOHHOHFWHGWROHDGHUVKLS
SRVLWLRQVDUHFKRVHQIRUWKHLUSRSXODULW\fiQDQFLDOVWDWXV
RULQWLPLGDWLRQWDFWLFV7KHUHIRUHDQHOHFWHGOHDGHULV
QRWQHFHVVDULO\WKHEHVWSHUVRQIRUWKHOHDGHUVKLSUROH
HWWVPU[TLU[
JOHYPZTH
3,(+,9
*/66:,
65,
43 )HYIPU
. 3H\LY
= 7H\RV]P[Z
92 @VJ\T
2 >OP[LZPKL
LSLJ[PVU
halo effect
=6;,
LTLYNLUJL
,TLYNLUJL
,QWKHHDUO\VWDJHVRIJURXSGHYHORSPHQWWKHUHDUHWLPHV
-igure 1.10/HDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHGLQILYHG IHUHQWZD\V
ZKHQDJURXSKDVQRFOHDUO\LGHQWLILDEOHOHDGH
1RRQH
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 17
WHQGWRUHVSHFWVXFKDSHUVRQRXWRIDVHQVHRIOR\DOW\$V
ZLWKHOHFWHGOHDGHUVSHRSOHZLWKFKDULVPDPD\EHYHU\
SRVLWLYHUROHPRGHOVDQGOHDGHUVHJ-DQH$GGDPVRU
WKH\PD\EHLQGLYLGXDOVZKRXVHWKHLUSHUVRQDOFKDUPWR
WKHGHWULPHQWRIRWKHUVHJ$GROI+LWOHU&DUHPXVWEH
WDNHQLQWKHDFFRODGHVJLYHQDOHDGHUVHOHFWHGEDVHGVROHO\
RQSHUVRQDOFKDULVPD
;he Halo Effect
7KHKDORHIIHFWUHIHUVWRKRZFHUWDLQDWWULEXWHVRUWKRXJKWV
DERXWDSHUVRQFDUU\RYHULQWRRWKHUVLWXDWLRQV)RULQ
VWDQFHWKHFODVVFORZQLQRQHFODVVURRPLVRIWHQSHUFHLYHG
WREHWKHFODVVFORZQLQRWKHUFODVVHV²HYHQLIVKHRUKH
GRHVQRWHQJDJHLQFORZQLQJEHKDYLRUV7KHVDPHHIIHFW
RFFXUVLQOHDGHUVKLSVLWXDWLRQV7KHKDORHIIHFWGHVFULEHV
DVFHQDULRZKHUHDSHUVRQLVDOHDGHULQRQHJURXSDQG
RWKHUVORRNWRKHURUKLPWREHWKHOHDGHULQRWKHUJURXSV
LQZKLFKVKHRUKHLVLQYROYHG$VZLWKRWKHUZD\VWKDW
OHDGHUVDUHUHFRJQL]HGWKLVPD\RUPD\QRWEHWKHEHVW
VLWXDWLRQIRUWKHJURXS
❖ ❖ ❖
7KHUHDUHVHYHUDODYHQXHVWKURXJKZKLFKLQGLYLGXDOVPD\
EHLGHQWLILHGDVOHDGHUV1RPDWWHUKRZDSHUVRQJDLQHG
WKHSRVLWLRQRUWLWOHRIOHDGHUKRZHYHUVKHRUKHPD\QRW
EHWKHEHVWVXLWHGIRUWKHQHHGVRIWKHJURXSDQGVLWXDWLRQ
$VNLOOHGOHDGHUZLOOFRQVWDQWO\DGDSWDQGGHYHORSDVVLWX
DWLRQVZDUUDQW,QUHFUHDWLRQDQGOHLVXUHVHWWLQJVEHLQJ
DZDUHRIKRZRQHLVSHUFHLYHGDVDOHDGHUPD\KHOSLQ
JXLGLQJWKHXVHRIOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVDQGWHFKQLTXHVWRPRYH
WKHJURXSIRUZDUG2QFHDSHUVRQEHFRPHVDJURXSOHDGHU
VKHRUKHQHHGVWRXQGHUVWDQGKRZKHURUKLVDQGWKHLU
JURXSPHPEHUV¶SRZHULVSHUFHLYHGDQGXWLOL]HG
7V^LY
OHVVRUQRQH7\SLFDOO\DOHDGHUKDVPRUHSRZHUWKDQ
JURXSPHPEHUVLWLVWKHJURXSPHPEHUVZKRFRQIHU
SRZHURQWKHOHDGHU7KLVPHDQVWKDWLIDJURXSGRHVQRW
ZDQWWRGHIHUWRDOHDGHULHEHVWRZSRZHURQKHURUKLP
WKHOHDGHUZLOOH[SHULHQFHGLIfiFXOW\LQLQflXHQFLQJJURXS
PHPEHUV
:LWKWKLVYLHZSRLQWLQPLQGRQHRIWKHGLOHPPDV
DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHXVHRISRZHULVWKDWDSRZHUUHODWLRQ
VKLSLVRIWHQDQXQEDODQFHGUHODWLRQVKLS²RQHSHUVRQKDV
PRUHSRZHUWKDQDQRWKHUWKLVFUHDWHVD³RQHXSRQH
GRZQ´UHODWLRQVKLS-RKQVRQDQG-RKQVRQQRWH
WKDWLQDSSURSULDWHXVHRISRZHULQWKHVHFDVHVFDQUHVXOW
LQUHVLVWDQFHIURPJURXSPHPEHUV)XUWKHUWKH\QRWHWKDW
WKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIDJURXSLVLPSURYHGZKHQSRZHULV
UHODWLYHO\EDODQFHGDPRQJJURXSPHPEHUVDQGWKDWSRZHU
LVEDVHGRQFRPSHWHQFHH[SHUWLVHDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ%DO
DQFHGSRZHUOHDGVWRDVHQVHRIFRPPLWPHQWDQGFRRS
HUDWLRQE\DOOPHPEHUVRIWKHJURXS
7KLVEDODQFHGYLHZRISRZHUW\SLFDOO\DULVHVZKHQ
SRZHULVYLHZHGDVLQfiQLWH²LWLVVKDUHGDPRQJDOOJURXS
PHPEHUVLQFOXGLQJWKHOHDGHU,QWKLVZD\OHDGHUVDUH
FKDOOHQJHGWRHPSRZHUJURXSPHPEHUVWRPHHWWKHLULQGL
YLGXDOSRWHQWLDOV7KLVLQYROYHVSURYLGLQJWKHVRFLDOVXS
SRUWUHVRXUFHVWLPHDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRH[HUFLVHRQH¶V
SHUVRQDOSRZHULWRIWHQPDQLIHVWVLQWKHOHDGHUVHUYLQJ
DVDIDFLOLWDWRU
7RXQGHUVWDQGWKHYDULRXVPDQLIHVWDWLRQVRISRZHU
DWD[RQRP\RIVRFLDOSRZHUZDVVXJJHVWHGE\)UHQFKDQG
5DYHQLQDVFLWHGLQ.RVORZVN\6WDVKHYVN\
3ROLWLV,WLVFRPPRQO\XVHGWKURXJKRXWOHDGHUVKLS
OLWHUDWXUHDQGKDVEHHQH[SDQGHGXSRQVLQFHLWZDVILUVW
LQWURGXFHG,QGLYLGXDOVJURXSVDQGOHDGHUVDOOXVHRQH
RUPRUHRIWKHVHW\SHVRISRZHULQGLIIHUHQWVLWXDWLRQV
*VLYJP]L
)ROORZHUVRISHRSOHZKRXVHFRHUFLYHSRZHUEHOLHYHD
3RZHULVDSKHQRPHQRQUHODWHGWROHDGHUVKLSLQIDFWPDQ\
FRHUFLYHOHDGHUKDVWKHFDSDELOLW\WRSXQLVKWKHPDQG
SHRSOHFRQIXVHOHDGHUVKLSZLWKSRZHU6RPHWKLQNWKDWWKH
ZLWKKROGUHVRXUFHV$OVRLQFOXGHGLQWKLVW\SHRISRZHU
RQHZLWKWKHPRVWSRZHUDXWRPDWLFDOO\EHFRPHVWKH
LVDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VIHDUWKDWVRPHRQHZLOOGLVDSSURYHRU
OHDGHUKRZHYHUWKLVLVQRWDOZD\VWKHFDVH3RZHUFDQEH
GLVOLNHKHURUKLPDVVRFLDOEHLQJVZHKDYHDVWURQJ
GHILQHGDVWKHLQIOXHQFHDQLQGLYLGXDORUJURXS LHOGV
GHVLUHWREHOLNHG$FRHUFLYHOHDGHUIRUH[DPSOHFRXOG
RYHUDQRWKHUDQGDVWKHDELOLW\WRRYHUFRPHUHVLVWDQFHDQG
EHRQHZKRKDVWKHDELOLW\WRVXVSHQGSDUWLFLSDQWVIURPD
JHWWKLQJVGRQH.ULVKQDQ:DUG3RZHULV
VSRUWVOHDJXHWRZLWKKROGDSD\FKHFNRUWRPDNHDQLQGL
WKHFDSDFLW\WRLQIOXHQFHRWKHUVDQGLWLVLQKHUHQWLQDOO
YLGXDOVLWLQWLPHRXW7KLVWHQGVWREHWKHOHDVWHIIHFWLYH
UHODWLRQVKLSV$FRPPRQQRWLRQLVWKDWSRZHUIXOSHRSOH
IRUPRISRZHURYHUWLPH
DUHVWURQJDJJUHVVLYHNQRZOHGJHDEOHLQWHOOLJHQWHPSD
WKHWLFDQGVRPHZKDWUXWKOHVV3UHVWRQ+RZHYHU
*VUULJ[PVUZ5L[^VYRPUN
SRZHUH[LVWVLQDOOUHODWLRQVKLSVDQGLVPRUHRIWHQWKDQ
QRWH[HUFLVHGLQDVXEWOHDQGFRQVWUXFWLYHIDVKLRQ
,QWKLVGD\DQGDJHZKHQQHWZRUNLQJLVFRQVLGHUHGYLWDO
3RZHULVFRPPRQO\SHUFHLYHGWREHDfiQLWHFRQVWUXFW
WRRQH¶VSURIHVVLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWDQLQGLYLGXDOZKRKDV
ZKHUHLQRUGHUIRURQHSHUVRQWRKDYHSRZHUDQRWKHUKDV
YDULHGDQGVWURQJFRQQHFWLRQVZLWKRWKHUVLQWKHILHOGLV
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
8 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
RIWHQSHUFHLYHGDVKDYLQJWKLVW\SHRISRZHU1HWZRUNLQJ
LVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHDGDJH³,W¶VQRWZKDW\RXNQRZEXW
ZKR\RXNQRZ´&HUWDLQO\FRQQHFWLRQVDQGQHWZRUNLQJ
FDQLQFUHDVHDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VLQIRUPDWLRQEDVHDQGDELOLW\
WRLQIOXHQFH3HRSOHZKR³QDPHGURS´DWJDWKHULQJVDUH
RIWHQWU\LQJWRDVVHUWWKLVW\SHRISRZHU
,TWV^LYTLU[
(PSRZHUPHQWLVSRZHUWRGR²SRZHUWKDWLVVKDUHGZLWK
RWKHUV,QWKLVYLHZSRZHULVQRWVHHQDVfiQLWHEXWUDWKHU
DVH[SDQVLYH*LYLQJSRZHUWRIROORZHUVHQDEOHVWKHP
DQGWKHOHDGHUWRDFFRPSOLVKPRUHDQGH[SHULHQFHD
VHQVHRIVHOIHVWHHP/HDGHUVHPSRZHUSHRSOHZKHQWKH\
WHDFKWKHPWKHVNLOOVSURYLGHWKHPWKHVRFLDOVXSSRUWDQG
JLYHWKHPWKHUHVRXUFHVWRPHHWJURXSJRDOV(PSRZHU
PHQWLQYROYHVSHRSOHKDYLQJWKHDXWKRULW\WRPDNHDSSUR
SULDWHGHFLVLRQVIRUWKHVLWXDWLRQDWKDQGZLWKRXWKDYLQJ
WRJHWSHUPLVVLRQHYHU\VWHSRIWKHZD\$VDQH[DPSOH
DIURQWGHVNVWDIIPHPEHUPLJKWEHHPSRZHUHGWRKDQGOH
FXVWRPHUFRPSODLQWVE\OLVWHQLQJDQGJLYLQJIUHHSRRO
SDVVHVWRDOOD\LUDWHSDWURQV
Expert PV^LY
6RPHSHRSOHDWWULEXWHDSHUVRQZLWKSRZHUEHFDXVHWKH\
EHOLHYHWKLVLQGLYLGXDOKDVVSHFLDONQRZOHGJHRUH[SHUWLVH
DERXWWKHEHVWZD\WRGRVRPHWKLQJ7KLVW\SHRISRZHULV
XVXDOO\DWWULEXWHGWRDQLQGLYLGXDOLQDVSHFLILFVLWXDWLRQ
[PVUHS LU[
PUMVYTH
LYT
V^ L_WLY[
W
T so
cial
YL^ L
statu
HYK
s
Z
Z
L
U
Z
Z
SL
SW
OL
SLNP[PT
YLMLYL
H[L
U[ PUKPYLJ[
PUN
UL[^VYR
L
YJP]
JVL
)RUH[DPSOHDQLQGLYLGXDOZKRKDVWKHNQRZOHGJHWR
XQGHUVWDQGWKHPHDQLQJRIJDQJV\PEROVZLOOOLNHO\EH
JUDQWHGSRZHUZKHQLQJDQJWDJJHGZLWKJUDIILWLDQG
V\PEROVWHUULWRU\,IDOHDGHUFUHDWHVWKHSHUFHSWLRQWKDW
VKHRUKHKDVH[SHUWLVHLQDSDUWLFXODUDUHDDQGWKHQIDLOV
WRGHPRQVWUDWHWKHH[SHFWHGNQRZOHGJHVKHRUKHZRXOG
ORVHSRZHUYHU\TXLFNO\
/LSWSLZZULZZ
+HOSOHVVQHVVSRZHULVXVHGE\DOORIXVDWRQHWLPHRU
DQRWKHU3HRSOHFODLPWREHLQILUPRUKHOSOHVVWRLQGXFH
RWKHUVWRGRVRPHWKLQJIRUWKHP7KLVLVDIRUPRILQGLUHFW
SRZHUDQGFDQEHTXLWHVXFFHVVIXOLQWHUPVRILQflXHQFLQJ
RWKHUVWRDFWLRQ([DPSOHVRIWKLVLQFOXGHVHHNLQJKHOS
ZLWKDFUDIWVSURMHFWE\FODLPLQJDODFNRIVNLOOWRFRPSOHWH
LWDQGUHTXHVWLQJKHOSZLWKKHDY\HTXLSPHQWE\DFWLQJ
KHOSOHVVZKHQWU\LQJWRPRYHLW,WLVQRWXQFRPPRQIRU
JURXSPHPEHUVRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWRGHPRQVWUDWHKHOSOHVV
QHVVSRZHUEXWLWLVQRWDIRUPRISRZHUUHFRPPHQGHG
IRUOHDGHUV
Indirect PV^LY
,QJURXSVZKHUHSRZHUPD\EHUHODWLYHO\EDODQFHGWKHUH
PD\EHWLPHVZKHQDIDFWLRQRIJURXSPHPEHUVZLOOXVH
LQGLUHFWSRZHUWRLQflXHQFHDQRWKHUPHPEHURIWKHJURXS
ZKRLVSHUFHLYHGWREHDQRXWOLHU,QWKLVFDVHWKHVXEJURXS
ZRXOGVXEWO\XVHJURXSQRUPVWRFRQYLQFHWKHRWKHU
PHPEHUWRMRLQZLWKWKHPRQDSDUWLFXODUHQGHDYRU)RU
LQVWDQFHDJURXSPHPEHUPD\VD\WRDQRWKHU³<RXNQRZ
DURXQGKHUHZHIROORZWKLVSURFHVV«´7KLVLVDVXEWOHZD\
RIWHOOLQJDJURXSPHPEHUWRVWRSGRLQJVRPHWKLQJLQRQH
PDQQHUDQGIROORZSUHYLRXVO\HVWDEOLVKHGJURXSFXVWRPV
0UMVYTH[PVUHS
$SHUVRQZLWKLQIRUPDWLRQDOSRZHUKDVDFFHVVWRLQIRU
PDWLRQWKDWFDQLPSDFWDQRWKHULQGLYLGXDO)RUH[DPSOH
DVHFUHWDU\RUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHDVVLVWDQWWDNHVSKRQHPHV
VDJHVDQGFDQ³ORVH´WKHPfiOHVSDSHUZRUNZKLFKFDQ
EH³PLVSODFHG´DQGNQRZVZKHQPHHWLQJVDUHEHLQJKHOG
EXWFDQ³IRUJHW´WRWHOO\RX7KLVLVRIWHQDQXQUHFRJQL]HG
IRUPRUVRXUFHRISRZHU\HWLVFUXFLDOWRRUJDQL]DWLRQDO
VXFFHVV
3LNP[PTH[L
,QWKLVVLWXDWLRQWKHRQHZLWKOHJLWLPDWHSRZHULVVHHQDV
KDYLQJWKHULJKWDQGRUDXWKRULW\WRGRVRPHWKLQJXVXDOO\
-igure 1.11/HDGHUVXVHHOHYHQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRISRZHU
E\ZD\RISRVLWLRQDQGRWKHUVDUHREOLJHGWRIROORZ)RU
LQYDULRXVVLWXDWLRQV
LQVWDQFHVWXGHQWVJHQHUDOO\FRQIHUOHJLWLPDWHSRZHURQ
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 19
WHDFKHUVDQGSDUWLFLSDQWVJHQHUDOO\DWWULEXWHWKLVW\SHRI
SRZHUWROHLVXUHVHUYLFHVOHDGHUV,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWH
WKDWMXVWEHFDXVHDQLQGLYLGXDOKROGVDSRVLWLRQZLWKDWLWOH
DQGDXWKRULW\GRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\PHDQWKDWWKHOHDGHU
ZLOOKDYHLQIOXHQFHRYHUWKHJURXS
Referent (Charisma)
3HRSOHDGPLUHUHVSHFWDQGORRNXSWRDSHUVRQZLWKUHIHU
HQWSRZHUVKHRUKHPD\KDYHZDUPWKSHUVRQDOFKDULVPD
DQGFKDUPWKDWGUDZVRWKHUVWRKHURUKLP)ROORZHUV
W\SLFDOO\ZDQWWREHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDOHDGHUZKRKDVWKLV
W\SHRISRZHU([DPSOHVRIUHIHUHQWSRZHUKDYHEHHQ
DWWULEXWHGWRSHRSOHVXFKDV-RKQ).HQQHG\0DKDWPD
*DQGKLDQG(OHDQRU5RRVHYHOW
9L^HYK
5HZDUGSRZHULVRIWHQYLHZHGDVWKHFRQYHUVHRIFRHUFLYH
SRZHU)ROORZHUVEHOLHYHWKLVLQGLYLGXDOKDVWKHFDSDELO
LW\WRUHZDUGWKHPWKHSRZHUIXOSHUVRQKDVFRQWURORI
UHVRXUFHVWKDWDUHSHUFHLYHGDVUHZDUGVRUDVEHLQJXVHIXO
WRWKHJURXS)RULQVWDQFHLIDUHFUHDWLRQOHDGHUKDVWKH
DELOLW\WRJLYHIUHHVSDSDVVHVWRZHOOEHKDYHGSDUWLFLSDQWV
VKHRUKHZRXOGEHSHUFHLYHGDVKDYLQJUHZDUGSRZHU
Social Status
ZLOOEHXQDEOHWRNHHS3UHVWRQQRWHVWKDWSRZHUIXOSHRSOH
KDYHODUJHQHWZRUNVWKXVEXLOGLQJRQH¶VSURIHVVLRQDOQHW
ZRUNLVLPSRUWDQWWREHLQJYLHZHGDVSRZHUIXOE\RWKHUV
)LQDOO\HQJDJLQJLQRQJRLQJOHDUQLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVWR
H[SDQGRQH¶VXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGXVHRISRZHUDUHVLJQLfi
FDQWVWUDWHJLHVWRFRQYH\LQJDQGVKDULQJSRZHUZLVHO\
3RZHUFDQEHXVHGLQERWKSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYH
ZD\V3RZHURIWHQLPSOLHVDQLPEDODQFHLQSHUFHSWLRQVRI
FDSDELOLWLHVDQGDVVXFKFDQOHDYHWKRVHZKRDUHSHUFHLYHG
WRODFNSRZHUIHHOLQJOHVVWKDQDGHTXDWH/HDGHUVKRZ
HYHUFDQXVHSRZHUSRVLWLYHO\WRHQDEOHRWKHUVDQGKHOS
WKHPUHDFKWKHLUIXOOSRWHQWLDO:LVHO\XVHGSRZHULVD
YDOLGDVSHFWRIOHDGHUVKLSDQGJURXSG\QDPLFV$QHIIHF
WLYHOHDGHUZLOOXVHSRZHUDSSURSULDWHO\WRWKHJURXSDQG
WKHVLWXDWLRQDQGFRQVLVWHQWO\FRQVLGHUWKHLPSDFWVRI
YDULRXVW\SHVRISRZHURQJURXSPHPEHUV
:\TTHY`
/HLVXUHVHUYLFHVSUDFWLWLRQHUVLQWHUDFWZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWVLQ
PDQ\ZD\V7KHVHLQWHUDFWLRQVPD\HQKDQFHRUGHWUDFW
IURPWKHOHLVXUHH[SHULHQFH%HFDXVHOHDGHUVKLSLVDQ
LQKHUHQWIDFWRULQVWUXFWXUHGUHFUHDWLRQH[SHULHQFHVDOO
OHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQDOVQHHGOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOV
/HDGHUVKLSFDQEHGHfiQHGDVDG\QDPLFSURFHVVRILQWHU
DFWLRQVEHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHPHPEHUVRIDJURXSZKLFK
LQYROYHVUHFRJQLWLRQDQGDFFHSWDQFHRIOHDGHUIROORZHU
UROHVE\JURXSPHPEHUVZLWKLQDFHUWDLQVLWXDWLRQ,WDOVR
LQYROYHVDFWLYLWLHVRQWKHSDUWRIWKHOHDGHUDQGIROORZHUV
WKDWDLGWKHJURXSLQPRYLQJWRZDUGLWVJRDOV
$IWHUHVWDEOLVKLQJDGHILQLWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLSIRUXVH
LQWKLVWH[WWKLVFKDSWHUSUHVHQWHGLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWQHFHV
VDU\FRPSHWHQFLHVDQGVNLOOVRIOHDGHUV/HDGHUVKLSVNLOOV
IDOOLQWRWKUHHFDWHJRULHVFRQFHSWXDOLQWHUSHUVRQDODQG
WHFKQLFDOVNLOOV/HDGHUWUDLWVDQGTXDOLWLHVZHUHUHYLHZHG
DVZHUHWKHYDOXHVRIHIIHFWLYHDQGVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUV
%HFDXVHLWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWROLYHLQD³YDOXHVYDFXXP´LW
LVLPSRUWDQWIRUOHDGHUVWRXQGHUVWDQGDQGDSSUHFLDWHWKH
YDOXHVWKH\SURPRWHWKURXJKDFWLRQDWWLUHDQGDWWLWXGH
$IWHUH[DPLQLQJWUDLWVDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIVXF
FHVVIXOOHDGHUVWKUHHOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLSZHUHSUHVHQWHG
DGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHDGHUVZKRLQWHUDFWGLUHFWO\ZLWKVXSHU
YLVRUVVXSHUYLVRU\OHDGHUVZKRUHSRUWWRDGPLQLVWUDWRUV
DQGLQWHUDFWGLUHFWO\ZLWKIDFHWRIDFHOHDGHUVDQGGLUHFW
OHDGHUVZKRDOVRDUHFRQVLGHUHGIDFHWRIDFHOHDGHUV
EHFDXVHWKH\LQWHUDFWGLUHFWO\ZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWV/HDGHUV
DWDOOOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLSPD\KDYHDWUHPHQGRXVLPSDFW
RQDVXFFHVVIXOOHLVXUHH[SHULHQFHWKHUHIRUHOHDUQLQJ
DERXWOHDGHUVKLSLVYLWDOIRUDOOZKRLQWHQGWRZRUNLQ
WKHOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVSURIHVVLRQ
2IWHQWKRVHZLWKKLJKHUOHYHOVRIVRFLDOVWDWXVDVLQGLFDWHG
E\WKHLUSRVLWLRQLQWKHFRPPXQLW\WKHLURFFXSDWLRQRU
WKHLUKLVWRU\RIDOWUXLVPDUHSHUFHLYHGWRKDYHPRUHSRZHU
WKDQWKRVHZLWKORZVRFLDOVWDWXV6RFLDOVWDWXVDQGWKH
SRZHUWKDWJRHVZLWKLWPD\EHDWWULEXWHGWRSHRSOHZKR
DUHWHDPFDSWDLQVJDQJOHDGHUVDQGWKHSUHVLGHQWRIDQ
RUJDQL]DWLRQHJFODVVSUHVLGHQWSUHVLGHQWRIWKHVWDWH
UHFUHDWLRQDVVRFLDWLRQ
❖ ❖ ❖
8QGHUVWDQGLQJSRZHUDVZHOODVRQH¶VSHUVRQDOVW\OHRI
LQflXHQFHLVDQLPSRUWDQWWRROIRUOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVOHDGHUV
%UD\QLRQKDVIRXQGWKDWWKRVHOHDGHUVZKRXQGHU
VWDQGDQGNQRZKRZWRXVHSRZHUDUHPRUHHIIHFWLYHWKDQ
WKRVHZKRGRQRW,QVXSSRUWRIWKDWLGHD3UHVWRQ
RIIHUVVHYHUDOVWUDWHJLHVIRUH[HUFLVLQJRQH¶VSRZHULQSRVL
WLYHZD\V$PRQJWKRVHVWUDWHJLHVDUHZRUGVRIDGYLFH
WRUHPDLQFDOPLQWKHIDFHRIQHJDWLYLW\²EHXQflDSSDEOH
3RZHUIXOSHRSOHZKLOHWKH\VKRZKXPDQYXOQHUDELOLW\GR
QRWUHDFWHPRWLRQDOO\ZKHQWKLQJVDUHQRWJRLQJWKHZD\
WKH\ZRXOGOLNH6KDULQJLQIRUPDWLRQZLWKRWKHUVDQGEHLQJ
GHOLEHUDWHLQGHFLVLRQPDNLQJDUHRWKHUSRZHUVWUDWHJLHV
*LYLQJFDUHIXOWKRXJKWWRDVLWXDWLRQPDNLQJDGHFLVLRQ
DQGVWLFNLQJWRLWDUHIXUWKHUVLJQVRISRZHU$WWKHVDPH
WLPHSHRSOHZLWKSRZHUGRQRWPDNHFRPPLWPHQWVWKH\
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
20 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
/DVWO\OHDGHUVPD\EHLGHQWLILHGWKURXJKDYDULHW\
RIPHFKDQLVPVHDFKRIZKLFKKDVLWVDGYDQWDJHVDQG
GLVDGYDQWDJHV6RPHOHDGHUVDUHUHFRJQL]HGE\WLWOHZKLOH
RWKHUVDUHFRQIHUUHGE\WKHJURXS1RPDWWHUKRZRQHLV
LGHQWLILHGDVDOHDGH VKHRUKHPXVWFRQWLQXHWRDFWOLNH
DQGEHDOHDGHUWRPDLQWDLQJURXSUHVSHFWDQGIROORZHUVKLS
)XUWKHUPRUHXQGHUVWDQGLQJSRZHUDQGKRZLWFDQEHXVHG
FRQWULEXWHVWRFRQWLQXHGVXFFHVVIXOOHDGHUVKLS3RZHU
PD\EHYLHZHGDVILQLWHRULQILQLWHDQGLVVKDUHGZLW
JURXSPHPEHUVWRWKHH[WHQWDOHDGHULVFRPIRUWDEOH
Beginning the JV\YUL`
$VPHQWLRQHGLQWKHLQWURGXFWRU\PDWHULDOVRIWKLVWH[W
OHDGHUVKLSLVDSHUVRQDOMRXUQH\)RUHDFKRQHRIXVWKLV
SHUVRQDOMRXUQH\FRQVLVWVRIOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDERXWRXU
VHOYHVDVZHOODVRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIOHDGHUVKLSDVD
FRQVWUXFW7RDVVLVW\RXLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHPDWHULDOLQ
WKLVFKDSWHUDQGKRZLWUHODWHVWR\RXDVDOHDGHUWKHVH
HQGRIFKDSWHUFULWLFDOWKLQNLQJTXHVWLRQVDUHSURYLGHG
IRU\RXUFRQVLGHUDWLRQ<RXDUHHQFRXUDJHGWRXVHWKHVH
TXHVWLRQVDVSDUWRI\RXURZQMRXUQH\WROHDGHUVKLS
&KRRVHILYHRIWKHZD\VOHDGHUVKLSKDVEHHQG ILQHGRYHUWKH\HDUVDQGGLVFXVVWKHPZLWKRW HUV:LWKZKLFKGR\RXDJUHHRUGLVDJUHHPRVW
VWURQJO\"%DFNXS\RXUWKRXJKWV*LYHH[DPSOHV
RIKRZOHDGHUVKLSLVGHILQHGWKLVZD /HDGHUVKLSLVGHILQHGLQRQHVSHFLILFZD\IR
WKLVWH[W'R\RXDJUHHZLWKWKHHQWLUHGHILQ WLRQ"$UHWKHUHRWKHUHOHPHQWV\RXWKLQNVKRXOG
EHDGGHG",IVRZKDW"6KRXOGDQ\RIWKHHOH
PHQWVEHRPLWWHG":KLFKRQHVDQGZK\"
:K\LVLWVRLPSRUWDQWWKDWOHDGHUVKLSEHJRDO
GLUHFWHG":KDWGRHVLWPHDQWKDWOHDGHUVKLSLV
JRDOGLUHFWHG"'UDZDGLDJUDPRIZKDWWKLVFRQ
FHSWORRNVOLNH
:KDWRUZKRDUHIROORZHUV"+RZGRWKH\GLIIHU
IURPOHDGHUV":KDWGRHIIHFWLYHIROORZHUVGR"+RZ
FDQ\RXEHFRPHDPRUHHIIHFWLYHIROORZHU":KDW
OHVVRQVFDQOHDGHUVOHDUQIURPEHLQJIROORZHUV"
:KHQVKRXOGOHDGHUVEHFRPHIROORZHUV"+RZ
GRWKH\PDNHWKLVVZLWFK":K\LVWKLVRULVLW
QRWLPSRUWDQW"
([SODLQDQGJLYHH[DPSOHVRIZKHQ\RXKDYH
HQJDJHGLQOHDGHUFRPSHWHQFLHVDQGVNLOOV,Q
ZKLFKDUH\RXPRVWVNLOOHG"OHDVWVNLOOHG"*LYH
H[DPSOHVIURP\RXUOHDGHUVKLSH[SHULHQFHV
:KDWFDQ\RXGRWRFRQWLQXHLPSURYLQJLQHDFK
DUHD"1DPHVSHFLILFVWUDWHJLHV
+RZGRVWHUHRW\SHVLPSDFWOHDGHUVKLSDQGIRO
ORZHUVKLS":KDWVSHFLILFH[DPSOHVRIWKLVKDYH
\RXVHHQLQOHDGHUVKLS":KLFKVWHUHRW\SHVGR
\RXLQDGYHUWHQWO\SHUSHWXDWH"+RZFDQ\RX
RYHUFRPHWKHVWHUHRW\SHV\RXKROG"
:K\LVVHOIDZDUHQHVVVRLPSRUWDQWIRUHIIHFWLYH
OHDGHUVKLS":KDWVRUWVRIDWWLWXGHVWKRXJKWV
DQGEHKDYLRUVGRHVDOHDGHUH[KLELWLIVKHRUKH
LVVHOIDZDUH"+RZGR\RXGHPRQVWUDWH\RXU
VHOIDZDUHQHVV"
:KDWDUHWKHSULPDU\TXDOLWLHVRIHIIHFWLYHOHDG
HUV":KLFKRQHVDUH\RXUVWURQJTXDOLWLHV"
:KLFKGR\RXQHHGWRZRUNRQPRVW"+RZFDQ
\RXJRDERXWGRLQJWKLV"+DYHDFORVHIULHQGRU
IDPLO\PHPEHUUHVSRQGWRWKHVHTXHVWLRQVIRU
\RXFRPSDUH\RXUUHVSRQVHV
9DOXHVDUHDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIOHDGHUVKLS:KHUH
KDYH\RXOHDUQHG\RXUPRVWLPSRUWDQWYDOXHV"
:KDWDUHWKRVHPRVWLPSRUWDQWYDOXHV"+RZGR
WKHVHPDNH\RXDPRUHHIIHFWLYHOHDGHU"+RZGR
WKH\LQWHUIHUHZLWK\RXUOHDGHUVKLS"+RZGR\RX
PDQLIHVWRUPRGHOWKHVHYDOXHVIRURWKHUV"
6HOHFWDORFDOUHFUHDWLRQDJHQF\RURUJDQL]DWLRQ
DQGJLYHH[DPSOHVE\SRVLWLRQWLWOHRIWKHWKUHH
GLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIOHDGHUVKLS$WZKDWOHYHOGR
\RXHQYLVLRQZRUNLQJLQLWLDOO\",QILYH\HDUV"
8OWLPDWHO\":KDWGR\RXQHHGWRGRWREHFRPH
SUHSDUHGIRUWKDWOHYHORIOHDGHUVKLS"
2IWKHILYHGL IHUHQWZD\VOHDGHUVDUHLGHQWLILHG
ZKLFKGR\RXWKLQNZRXOGPDNHDOHDGHUWKH
PRVWHIIHFWLYH"([SODLQ7KLQNRIWKHWLPHV
ZKHQ\RXZHUHLGHQWLILHGDVDOHDGHULQD
JURXS²KRZGLGWKDWKDSSHQ"'LGWKDWKHOSRU
KLQGHU\RXUOHDGHUVKLSHIIHFWLYHQHVV"
+RZDQGZKHQKDYH\RXXVHGWKHYDULRXVW\SHV
RISRZHU":KLFKZDVPRVWVXFFHVVIXOIRU\RX"
&DQ\RXGHVFULEHW\SHVRISRZHUWKDWDUHOHVVHIIHF
WLYHIRUDOHDGHUWKDQRWKHUV"+RZZRXOG\RXDV
DOHDGHUHPSRZHURWKHUV"
9LMLYLUJLZ
%DQXWX*RPH]0*UHDWOHDGHUVWHDFKH[HPSODU\
IROORZHUVKLSDQGVHUYHDVVHUYDQWOHDGHUV-RXUQDORI
$PHULFDQ$FDGHP\RI%XVLQHVV±
%DUWRO.0DUWLQ'DQG.URPNRZVNL-/HDGHUVKLS
DQGWKHJODVVFHLOLQJ*HQGHUDQGHWKQLFJURXSLQflXHQFHV
LQOHDGHUEHKDYLRUVDWPLGGOHDQGH[HFXWLYHPDQDJHULDO
OHYHOV-RXUQDORI/HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]DWLRQDO6WXGLHV
±
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
Chapter 1 • Understanding Leadership • 21
%DVV%%DVVDQG6WRJGLOO¶VKDQGERRNRIOHDGHUVKLS
UGHG1HZ<RUN1<7KH)UHH3UHVV
%UDWWRQ-*ULQW.DQG1HOVRQ'2UJDQL]DWLRQDO
OHDGHUVKLS0DVRQ2+6RXWK:HVWHUQ
%UD\QLRQ33RZHUDQGOHDGHUVKLS-RXUQDORI+HDOWK
2UJDQL]DWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQW±
%URFDWR5&RDFKLQJIRULPSURYHPHQW$QHVVHQWLDO
UROHIRUWHDPOHDGHUVDQGPDQDJHUV7KH-RXUQDOIRU
4XDOLW\DQG3DUWLFLSDWLRQ±
&KDOHII,7KHFRXUDJHRXVIROORZHU6DQ)UDQFLVFR
&$%HUUHWW.RHKOHU
&ODUN'D&RUHRUHVVHQWLDOFRPSHWHQFLHV5HWULHYHG
0DUFKIURPKWWSZZZQZOLQNFRPaGRQFODUN
KUGFDVHFKDUWKWPO
&ODUN'E,QWURGXFWLRQWRFRPSHWHQFLHV5HWULHYHG
0DUFKIURPKWWSZZZQZOLQNFRPaGRQFODUN
KUGFDVHFRPSHWKWPO
&ODUN'F/HDGHUVKLS²&KDUDFWHUDQGWUDLWV5HWULHYHG
0DUFKIURPKWWSZZZQZOLQNFRPaGRQFODUN
OHDGHUOHDGHUFKUKWPO
&RKHQ:7KHVWXIIRIKHURHV7KHHLJKWXQLYHUVDOODZV
RIOHDGHUVKLS0DULHWWD*$/RQJVWUHHW
'XEULQ$/HDGHUVKLS5HVHDUFKfiQGLQJVSUDFWLFHDQG
VNLOOVWKHG1HZ<RUN1<+RXJKWRQ0LIIOLQ
'XSXLV0%ORRP*DQG/RXJKHDG77HDPFDS
WDLQV¶SHUFHSWLRQVRIDWKOHWHOHDGHUVKLS-RXUQDORI6SRUW
%HKDYLRU±
(DJO\$.DUDX6DQG0DNKLMDQL0*HQGHUDQGWKH
HIIHFWLYHQHVVRIOHDGHUV$PHWDDQDO\VLV3V\FKRORJLFDO
%XOOHWLQ±
*URYHV.*HQGHUGLIIHUHQFHVLQVRFLDODQGHPRWLRQDO
VNLOOVDQGFKDULVPDWLFOHDGHUVKLS/HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]D
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW-RXUQDO±
+DUH/DQG2¶1HLOO.(IIHFWLYHQHVVDQGHIILFLHQF\
LQVPDOODFDGHPLFSHHUJURXSV$FDVHVWXG\6PDOO*URXS
5HVHDUFK±
+HUVH\3%ODQFKDUG.DQG-RKQVRQ'0DQDJHPHQW
RIRUJDQL]DWLRQDOEHKDYLRUWKHG8SSHU6DGGOH5LYHU
1-3UHQWLFH+DOO
+RJXH0<RGHU-DQG/XGZLJ-,QFUHDVLQJLQLWLDO
OHDGHUVKLSHIIHFWLYHQHVV$VVLVWLQJERWKZRPHQDQGPHQ
6H[5ROHV±
+XOWPDQ./HDGHUVKLSDVJHQXLQHJLYLQJ2UJDQL]D
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW-RXUQDO±
-D[-$FULWLFDOLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLSIRUWKHQHZ
PLOOHQQLXP-RXUQDORI)DPLO\DQG&RQVXPHU6FLHQFHV
±
-RKQVRQ'DQG-RKQVRQ)-RLQLQJWRJHWKHU*URXS
WKHRU\DQGJURXSVNLOOVWKHG%RVWRQ0$$OO\Q
%DFRQ
.DQWHU5+RZOHDGHUVJDLQDQGORVHFRQILGHQFH
/HDGHUWR/HDGHU:LQWHU±
.HOOHUPDQ%+RZEDGOHDGHUVKLSKDSSHQV/HDGHUWR
/HDGHU:LQWHU±
.RVORZVN\0DQG6WDVKHYVN\62UJDQL]DWLRQDOYDOXHV
DQGSRZHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI0DQSRZHU
±
.ULVKQDQ93RZHUDQGPRUDOOHDGHUVKLS5ROHRIVHOI
RWKHUDJUHHPHQW/HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]DWLRQ'HYHORS
PHQW-RXUQDO±
.ULVKQDQ9,PSDFWRIWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDOOHDGHUVKLSRQ
IROORZHUV¶LQIOXHQFHVWUDWHJLHV /HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]D
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW-RXUQDO±
/HDY\%8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHWULDGRIJUHDWOHDGHUVKLS²
&RQWH[WFRQYLFWLRQDQGFUHGLELOLW\6WUDWHJ\/HDGHU
VKLS±
/X;6XUYH\LQJWKHWRSLFRI³HIIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS´
-RXUQDORI$PHULFDQ$FDGHP\RI%XVLQHVV±
0F'HUPRWW/([SORULQJLQWHUVHFWLRQVRISK\VLFDOLW\
DQGIHPDOHRQO\FDQRHLQJH[SHULHQFHV/HLVXUH6WXGLHV
±
0LOOHU5%XWOHU-DQG&RVHQWLQR&27)ROORZHU
VKLSHIIHFWLYHQHVV$QH[WHQVLRQRI)LHGOHU¶VFRQWLQJHQF\
PRGHO/HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]DWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW
±
1HOVRQ'DQG4XLFN-8QGHUVWDQGLQJRUJDQL]DWLRQDO
EHKDYLRUQGHG0DVRQ2+6RXWK:HVWHUQ
1RUWKRXVH3/HDGHUVKLS7KHRU\DQGSUDFWLFHQG
HG7KRXVDQG2DNV&$6DJH
2¶7RROH-/HDGHUVKLS$WR=$JXLGHIRUWKHDSSUR
SULDWHO\DPELWLRXV6DQ)UDQFLVFR&$-RVVH\%DVV
3ROLWLV-7KHLQflXHQFHRIPDQDJHULDOSRZHUDQGFUHG
LELOLW\RQNQRZOHGJHDFTXLVLWLRQDWWULEXWHV/HDGHUVKLS
2UJDQL]DWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW-RXUQDO±
3UHVWRQ37KHSRZHULPDJH6WUDWHJLHVIRUDFWLQJDQG
EHLQJSRZHUIXO-RXUQDORI+HDOWKFDUH0DQDJHPHQW
±
5XGHUPDQ0DQG(UQVW&)LQGLQJ\RXUVHOI+RZ
VRFLDOLGHQWLW\DIIHFWVOHDGHUVKLS/HDGHUVKLSLQ$FWLRQ
±
5XVVHOO5/HDGHUVKLSLQUHFUHDWLRQUGHG1HZ
<RUN1<0F*UDZ+LOO
6FKUXLMHU6/HDGHUOHDGHUVKLSDQGOHDGLQJ)URP
LQGLYLGXDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWRUHODWLQJLQFRQWH[W-RXUQDO
RI2UJDQL]DWLRQDO%HKDYLRU±
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf
22 • 7art I • ;he Foundation: Developing the Underlying Construct
6F]HVQ\6%RDVN-1HII'DQG6FK\QV%*HQGHU
VWHUHRW\SHVDQGWKHDWWULEXWLRQRIOHDGHUVKLSWUDLWV$
FURVVFXOWXUDOFRPSDULVRQ6H[5ROHV±
6WRQH*5XVVHOO5DQG3DWWHUVRQ.7UDQVIRUPD
WLRQDOYHUVXVVHUYDQWOHDGHUVKLS$GLIIHUHQFHLQOHDGHU
IRFXV/HDGHUVKLS2UJDQL]DWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW-RXUQDO
±
6WRUU//HDGLQJZLWKLQWHJULW\$TXDOLWDWLYHUHVHDUFK
VWXG\-RXUQDORI+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQW
±
7XEEV6([SORULQJDWD[RQRP\RIJOREDOOHDGHUVKLS
FRPSHWHQFLHVDQGPHWDFRPSHWHQFLHV-RXUQDORI$PHUL
FDQ$FDGHP\RI%XVLQHVV±
:DUG(6RFLDOSRZHUEDVHVRIPDQDJHUV(PHUJHQFH
RIDQHZIDFWRU7KH-RXUQDORI6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\
±
http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/leadership-leisure-services-making-difference?src=lipdf