UF/IFAS Extension
TAME Brazilian
Pepper-tree
A N I N D E P E N D E N T ST U DY CO U R S E F O R
R E S T R I C T E D - U S E P E S T I C I D E A P P L I C ATO R S
Brazilian Pepper-tree Control Workbook (Edited 2017)
By Ken Gioeli
Extension Agent IV / Natural Resources
An Equal Opportunity Institution. UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. Single copies
of UF/IFAS Extension publications (excluding 4-H and youth publications) are available free to Florida residents from county UF/IFAS Extension offices.
Preface
The independent study course: TAME Brazilian Pepper-tree, is designed for use by agricultural pesticide
applicators intending to earn continuing education units toward renewal of their restricted-use pesticide
licenses under the provisions of the Florida Pesticide Law (Chapter 487 Florida Statutes) and its rules
(Chapters 5E-2 and 5E-9 of the Florida Administrative Code). It is also relevant for applicators licensed
under Ch. 482. Any herbicides discussed in this workbook are solely for educational purposes and does
not imply endorsement of the product.
References
Cuda, J., Wheeler, G. and Habeck, D. Brazilian Peppertree Seed Wasp, Megastigmus transvaalensis
(Hymenoptera: Torymidae). UF/IFAS. Available Online at [http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN453]
Cuda, J., Medal, J., Habeck, D., Pedrosa-Macedo, J. and Vitorino, M. Classical Biological Control of
Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida. UF/IFAS. Available Online [http://edis.ifas.ufl.
edu/IN114]
Gioeli, K. and Langeland, K. Brazilian Pepper-tree Control. UF/IFAS. Available Online [http://edis.ifas.ufl.
edu/AA219]
Photo Credits
Pseudophilothrips ichini: (adult) M. Vitorino; (larvae) D. H. Habeck
Originally Published: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN114
Heteroperreyia hubrichi: J. C. Medal, University of Florida
Originally Published: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN114
Episimus utilis: M. Fukada, Hawaii Department of Agriculture
Originally Published: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN114
Grading
Workbooks are graded on the second and last Fridays of the month.
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SECTION 1
Brazilian Pepper-tree Infestation in Florida
Using the information contained within the “Brazilian Pepper-tree Control” fact sheet
(http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AA219), answer the following:
1. Identify the scientific name for Brazilian Pepper-tree:
TAME
Brazilian Pepper-tree
2. Brazilian pepper-tree is a native of these three countries:
a._____________________________
An Independent Study Course for
Restricted-Use Pesticide Applicators
b._____________________________
a._____________________________
3. Approximately _____ percent of seedlings exposed to fire
resprout.
4. Male pepper-tree flowers last for _____ day while female flowers
last for _____ days.
*The course must be completed and
received by the UF/IFAS Extension St. Lucie
County office no later than the close
of business on December 31, 2017.
Students must have at least 70%
of the questions answered
correctly to receive
CEU’s.
5. List the three methods of controlling Brazilian pepper-tree currently in use:
6. True or False. The first true leaves are compound with a toothed margin.
7.The later, more mature leaves are __________________________ leaves.
8. True or False. Seedlings are not flood tolerant.
9. The ________________________________ combined with animal dispersing agents may explain
colonization by Brazilian pepper-tree in our native plant communities.
10.
Which herbicide found in TABLE 1 is listed for cut stump, foliar and basal bark applications?
a._____________________________
b._____________________________
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SECTION 2
Herbicides
Using the information contained within the “Brazilian Pepper-tree Control” fact sheet
(http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AA219), answer the following:
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
11 Down. The active ingredient in Roundup.
12 Across. Triclopyr esters 4 can be used for basal bark,
cut stump and ________ applications.
15 Across. This type of product is not recommended for
basal bark applications.
16 Across. Pathfinder II can be used for ____________
13 Across. Ortho Brush-B-Gon is an example of a
Triclopyr _________ can not be applied to water.
14 Down. Pathfinder II can be used in ______ stump
applications.
bark applications.
17 Across. Over _______ hundred insects have been
identified that feed on Brazilian pepper-trees.
18 Across. There are currently _________ biological
15 Down. _____________ 4 and ________________ 3A
controls for Brazilian pepper-tree.
have similar names but one is an amine and one is an
ester.
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SECTION 3
Brazilian Pepper-tree Integrated Pest Management
Photo Credit: Lyle Buss, UF Entomology and Nematology Dept.
Photo Credits: (adult) M. Vitorino; (larvae) D. H. Habeck
Refer to the following websites to answer fill in the blanks. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN114 and
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN453
Apocnemidophorus piptzi. A Brazilian Pepper-tree
stem boring _________.
Photo Credit: M. Fukada
Photo Credit: D.H Habeck, University of Florida
__________________ __________________ is a
thrips that kills the shoot tips of Brazilian peppertree.
Episimus utilis, a ______________moth.
Adult male of __________________ transvaalensis
(Hussey) on drupe of Brazilian peppertree.
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SECTION 4
Classical Biological Control
Refer to the following website to answer fill in the blanks. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN114
19. True or False. Pseudophilothrips ichini has not been observed feeding on plants other than Brazilian
peppertree in its native range.
20.
How many active feeding instar stages does P. ichini go through?
21.
How many non-feeding instar stages does P. ichini go through?
22.
What family of thrips does P. ichini belong to?
23.
True or False. Both the larval and adult stages damage the Brazilian pepper-tree.
24.
Upon emergence from the pupal stage, Heteroperreyia hubrichi females mate and/or oviposit in young
woody branches that are adjacent to the more tender terminal shoots. Why?
25.
True or False. The adult of H. hubrichi is the damaging stage.
26.
True or False. The caterpillar (or larval stage) of E. utilis attacks the foliage of Brazilian pepper-tree.
27. Describe the rostrum of female A. pipitzi.
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SECTION 5
Pesticides and the Environment
Directions: Triclopyr and Glyphosate are two common names of herbicides recommended for Brazilian Peppertree control. During this section, you will learn how to compare the potential environmental impacts of these
herbicides. Refer to Chart 1 in this Workbook and answer the questions below.
Chart 1
Herbicide
Koc Value
RRPI
RLPI
Aquatic LC50
Triclopyr
780
27
169
148 mg/L
24,000
1
>2,000
8.3 mg/L
Glyphosate
28. The organic carbon adsorption coefficient (Koc) is a value used to describe the relative affinity or
attraction of the pesticide to soil materials and therefore its mobility in the soil. Pesticides with a Koc
value less than 100 in sandy soils, or 50 or less in fine textured soils should be used with caution.
Yes or no. Should Triclopyr be used with caution in sandy soils?
Yes or no. Should Glyphosate be used with caution in sandy soils?
29. The Pesticide Relative Runoff Potential Index (RRPI) is used to measure the relative immobility and
availability of each pesticide in soil and its potential to remain near the soil surface and be subject to
loss during the aqueous phase or sediment phase of runoff. The smaller the RRPI value of a pesticide,
the greater its potential to be lost in runoff.
Which herbicide is most likely to be lost in runoff – Triclopyr or Glyphosate?
30.
The Relative Leaching Potential Index (RLPI) defines the relative pesticide mass as it moves through
the soil. The smaller the RLPI value, the greater its leaching potential.
Which herbicide is most likely to leach into the surrounding environment – Triclopyr or Glyphosate?
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SECTION 6
Herbicides and Application Methods
Refer to the following website to fill in the blanks: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa219
Active ingredient
Glyphosate
Imazapyr
(2 lb/gallon)
Application Methods
31.
Foliar
Comments
Some products available in small containers
from retail garden suppliers. Some products
may be applied directly to water.
Cut stump
Foliar (low volume)
32.
Basal bark
Cut stump
Triclopyr
33.
Foliar
Cut stump
Triclopyr ester
Foliar
34.
Some products available in small containers
from retail garden suppliers. Some products
may be applied directly to water.
Available from agricultural suppliers.
May not be applied directly to
35.
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SECTION 7
Weed Control Management Math Section
Directions: Solve the arithmetic problems in this section
36. How many gallons of 53.8% glyphosate formulation are needed for an application of 3 pints of
product per acre to 10 acres of herbaceous weeds? Solve for gallons of herbicide
37. How many acres are present in a rectangular site whose dimensions measure 500 feet by 380 feet?
What is the problem asking for? Calculate number of acres
38. What is the broadcast spray volume rate (gallons per acre) when 43,560 square feet of a target site
uniformly receives 90 fluid ounces of spray? What is the problem asking for? Calculate spray volume
rate (gallons/acre)
39. How many fluid ounces of herbicide product are needed to prepare 5 gallons of finished spray
containing 6% herbicide product? What is the problem asking for? Calculate ounces of herbicide
40. What is the actual per-acre herbicide product application rate that resulted when 11 quarts of finished
spray were applied to cut stumps present in a rectangular site whose dimensions measured 2000 feet
by 300 feet? (Spray mix preparation entailed mixing 4 quarts of herbicide product in enough water to
make 5 gallons of finished spray.)
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TAME Brazilian Pepper-tree
A S T U D Y C O U R S E F O R R E S T R I C T E D - U S E P E S T I C I D E A P P L I C ATO R S
COURSE ENROLLMENT FORM
*The course must be completed and received by the UF/IFAS Extension St. Lucie County office no later than the close of business on
December 31, 2017. Students must have at least 70% of the questions answered correctly to receive CEU’s.
Last Name First Middle Mailing Address City (
State ) ____________________
Phone Number
(
Zip )
Fax Number
Pesticide License Type: Private
E-mail
Public
Commercial
Pesticide License Number Workbook Completion Date I attest that the work completed in the TAME Melaleuca Workbook is my own work.
Signature Date
Mail the completed TAME Brazilian Pepper-tree Workbook, the signed enrollment form, and a check for $10.00
made payable to the UF/IFAS Extension St. Lucie County Advisory Council, Inc. to the following:
Ken Gioeli
Extension Agent IV / Natural Resources
UF/IFAS Extension St. Lucie County
8400 Picos Road, Ste 101
Fort Pierce, FL 34945
(772) 462-1660 [email protected]
Course participants will receive their CEU form after the Workbook has been graded. Ken reserves the right to
refuse to grant CEU’s unless all work is shown in the Workbook.
Please complete the course evaluation.
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E N D O F C O U R S E E V A L U AT I O N
TAME Invasives Online Training
Brazilian Pepper-tree Course Module
Thank you for completing the Brazilian Pepper-tree online training course through the TAME Invasives portal at http://
pesticide.ifas.ufl.edu. UF/IFAS Extension St Lucie County is always looking for ways to serve you better. Please take a
moment to complete this short survey and mail it back to us. It will help us know how we’re doing, and how we can better
meet your future needs.
Satisfaction
Please circle the appropriate number for your level of response.
Was this online course taken for CEU’s for pesticide license renewal?
1. Yes
2. No
Not Satisfied
Somewhat
Satisfied
Satisfied
Very Satisfied
The relevance of information to your needs.
1
2
3
4
Quality of the online course.
1
2
3
4
Ease of use and accessibility of the course materials.
1
2
3
4
Layout of the online course.
1
2
3
4
How satisfied are you with:
Knowledge
Please circle the appropriate number to indicate your level of knowledge about the following topics before and after
completing the program. Only complete the section pertaining to the coursework you completed. Please use the following
key for rating:
1.Very Low
= Don’t know anything about this topic.
2.Low
= Know very little about this topic
3.Moderate
= Know about this topic but there are more things to learn
4.High
= Have good knowledge but there are things to learn
5.Very High
= Know almost everything about this topic
Brazilian Pepper-tree Course
How do you rate your
knowledge about:
BEFORE THIS ONLINE COURSE
AFTER THIS ONLINE COURSE
Very
Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very
High
Very
Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very
High
Brazilian Pepper Biology
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Brazilian Pepper Identification
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Brazilian Pepper Invasive
Characteristics
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Understanding how biological
control agents might be used to
manage Brazilian Pepper
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Characteristics of the herbicides
used to manage Brazilian Pepper
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Characteristics Pesticides and the
Environment
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Herbicide Application Methods
for Brazilian Pepper Control
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
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Will you take additional TAME Invasives online coursework in the future?
1. Yes
2. No
Would you recommend this online coursework to others? 1. Yes 2. No
If not, why: What did you like the most about this online training course? What did you like the least about this online training course? How could this online training be further improved? Demographics
What is your gender?
1.Male
2.Female
How do you identify yourself?
1.African American
2.American Indian/Alaskan
3.Asian
4.Hispanic/Latino
5.White
6.Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
7.Other
Thank you for completing this evaluation.
We appreciate your input as we make every effort to improve Extension programs.
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