Podium
Bio 200 Section B Seating
Front
Row 1- Reserved for Late Students/
or those needing access to screen/ TA’s
Aric
Row 2 – 5 for Sections: BL & BR
Olivia
Row 1- 4 for Sections : BF & BP
Romi
Julia
Row 6 - 9 for Sections : BA & BG
Row 5-9 for Sections: BD & BJ
Laura
Row 10 - 12 for Sections : BH & BM
Riley
Matt
Row 10 - 15 for Sections
BC, BE, BI, BK, BO
Row 13 - 15 for Sections : BB & BN
Back
Podium
Bio 200 Section A Seating
Front
Row 1- Reserved for Late Students/
or those needing access to screen/ TA’s
Lauren
Row 2 – 5 for Sections: AG & AM
Leandra
Hannah
Row 1- 7 for Sections :
AA, AN, AF, AL
Row 6 - 9 for Sections : AJ & AQ
Becca
Row 10 - 12 for Sections : AE & AP
Rachel
Greg
Row 8 - 15 for Sections
AC, AD, AI, AK, AO
Row 13 - 15 for Sections AB & AH
Back
“May we exist in muddy water with purity, like a lotus.” –Zen verse
“Superhydrophobicity”
So greasy that water forms spheres,
picks up polar dirt, and rolls away…
Ensikat et al, J Nanotechnology, Jan 2011
Wednesday January 4th, 2017
Class 2 Learning Goals
Entropy and Carbohydrates
•  After this class, you should be able to:
– Determine if entropy is increasing or decreasing for a given scenario
– Use entropy to determine if a system is becoming more stable (lower
energy) or less stable (higher energy)
– Identify a carbohydrate molecule by name, composition or structure
– Describe multiple carbohydrate compounds comprised of the same
elemental components
– Predict biological roles (structural, energy storage, identification) for
carbohydrate polymers based on structural characteristics
Entropy: Energy spreading out
Peer Instruction
1) In which situation is energy more spread out?
Situation 1
Situation 2
2) Do these situations give you any information about bond enthalpy?
For #3, assume total bond enthalpy is the same in both situations.
3) In which situation is the overall energy higher?
Overall entropy in the universe is increasing.
4) What does the universe look like in the far distant future?
5) Is this reaction possible? If so, how?
+
+
!
Respond at PollEv.com/biology200
Clicker Question #1
(or text BIOLOGY200 to 22333 once to join)
In which scenario is entropy increasing?
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Baseball players returning to the dugout
Octopus ink squirted into sea water
Nitrogen molecules moving within a balloon
Playing a game of Solitaire
Creating polymers: A general process
•  Many biological macromolecules are made by:
–  linking individual molecular units
•  (___________, like a monosaccharide or a nucleotide)
–  into a chain-form macromolecules
•  (a _________, like a polysaccharide or DNA)
•  The two reaction directions have special names:
–  Condensation reactions (adding monomers together)
–  Hydrolysis reactions (taking polymers apart)
Clicker Question #2
Assuming enthalpy is a relative unimportant…
Which side of the reaction has higher energy?
1
2
Respond at PollEv.com/biology200
(or text BIOLOGY200 to 22333 once to join)
Peer Instruction
Is this a carbohydrate?
(CH2O)3
Glucose
Are these two
molecules the same?
Galactose
(CH2O)_
Are glucose and galactose
different molecules?
Notice the suffix:
Carbohydrates: Ring configurations
Peer Instruction
Linear form of glucose
Ring forms of glucose
α-Glucose
β-Glucose
Do alpha-glucose and beta-glucose differ:
In molecular formula?
In general shape?
In # of carbons?
In precise shapes and charges?
C-H and C-C bonds
can be harvested for redox energy to
be used in other chemical reactions
C-H and C-C can be harvested for energy. Memorize this.
Why these bonds? It’s complicated.
How it this energy harvested? Week 6!
Clicker Question #3
Which molecule contains the most redox energy?
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
CH4
CH3-CHOH-CH3
H3N-COH=O
NCH
5. 
None of these molecules contain redox energy
A note on “tricky” questions…
What Do Carbohydrates Polymers Do?
•  Carbohydrates are important building
blocks in the synthesis of other molecules.
•  Carbohydrates can:
–  Store chemical energy.
–  Provide cells with fibrous structural materials.
–  Help create cell identity.
Carbohydrates: Energy Storage
Peer Instruction
What is the monomer in the polymers shown?
What is similar/different about the polymers shown?
Carbohydrates: Energy Storage
Clicker Question 4
Clipping off a glucose molecule from the end of a polymer:
1.  Would release energy because of entropy
2.  Might release energy because of enthalpy
3.  May release energy because of both entropy and enthalpy
Carbohydrates: Energy Storage
Which polymer would allow the
most rapid energy usage?
Clicker Question 5
1.  Starch
2.  Glycogen
Carbohydrates: Energy Storage
Clicker Question 6
Which polymer would pack most tightly?
1.  Starch
2.  Glycogen
Carbohydrates: Protective Barriers in many different Species
Cellulose in plant cell wall
Chitin in insect exoskeleton
Peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall
Carbohydrates: Protective Barriers
Which polymer forms a tougher layer?
Which polymer is more expensive to build?
Peer Instruction
Peer Instruction
How can carbohydrates help cells tell each other apart?
Outside of cell
Inside of cell
Concept Questions
•  Is entropy increasing or decreasing as a game of chess is played?
–  What about while wood is burned to give CO2 and water?
–  What about during a hydrolysis reaction for a carbohydrate polymer?
•  Is acetic acid a carbohydrate? How do you know?
– 
• 
• 
A harder one: Is chitin a carbohydrate? Why or why not?
Find a molecular formula of the form (CH2O)N from which you can make three
different molecular structures.
Find a structure for the carbohydrate polymer inulin. Predict whether or not this
polymer:
– 
– 
– 
– 
Can pack tightly for storage of lots energy? Where in the molecule is most of the energy stored?
Can allow rapid energy usage?
What glucose polymer is most similar to inulin?
Would inulin be a useful molecule for cellular identification? Why or why not?
Bio200 has 14+ office hours per week.
50 minutes long and in Hck 302 (unless otherwise noted):
•  Tuesdays: 11:30am, 12:30pm, 1:30pm, & 4pm
•  Wednesdays: 12pm, 1:30pm
•  Thursdays: 11:30am, 1:30pm, 4pm
•  Fridays: 11:30am, 1:30pm + 9:30-11:20 in non-exam weeks
•  Also:
– 
– 
– 
– 
By appointment with a course coordinator
More to come and listed on the Canvas site
Help on Piazza from students and staff
During or immediately after labs (if the TA has time)
When would be best for additional office hours with Ben?
1.  Mondays at 3pm
2.  Tuesdays at 8am
3.  Wednesdays at 8am
4. Wednesdays at 3:30pm
5. Online or Piazza office hours?