Discerning Palette Jerry O. Wilkerson Retrospective SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY MUSEUM ofART page Florida Gold, Acrylic on wood, 1992, Collection of Gail Wilkerson Discerning Palette by David J. Suwalsky, S.J., Director 2 Jerry O. Wilkerson’s Work in Intertextual Perspective by Petruta Lipan, University Curator 4 Selected Art 8 Ironies and Icons by Carlo M. Lamagna, New York University12 Jerry by Nancy Newman Rice16 Jerry by Mark Weber18 Supporters of the Arts 20 Discerning Palette Jerry O. Wilkerson Retrospective by David J. Suwalsky, S.J., Director It is our pleasure to present the first retrospective of the work of one of St. Louis’ great artists whom we now sadly miss. Born in Texas in 1943 (d. June 2, 2007), artist Jerry O. Wilkerson was known for his contemporary pointillist style of painting. After completing his bachelor’s degree at Lamar University (Beaumont, Texas) in 1966, Wilkerson obtained a master’s of fine arts degree from Washington University in St. Louis. Wilkerson settled in St. Louis following military service in the U.S. Army, 1968-1970. He lived and worked in St. Louis until his death in 2007. the very things that we consume – food particularly – taken, for good or ill, in proper proportion or in excess, into the body itself, regardless of consequences or reflection. Lobsters, hamburgers, fortune cookies and hot dogs painted in intense dots of color acknowledged as well as questioned our society’s loving and constant embrace of indulgence. He not only painted on canvas, he also created sculptures using the same imagery as his paintings and prints. His quilts gave a new definition to comfort food as the artist substituted images of pizza slices and hot dogs in traditional quilting patterns. Wilkerson’s work reflected the pop art movement of his era and moved well past it as he cast an ironic eye upon society. His art questioned the relationship of our consumer society to Wilkerson’s art is often ambiguous requiring the viewer to embrace the multiple possibilities of interpretation of his intention. His technique seems reminiscent of late 19th century French neo-impression, however his pointillism was much more influenced by the technology of the print industry where the size and intensity of dots of color increased or lessened the intensity of an image. Sophisticated use of perspective and color render the subjects of his work a complexity that belies seemingly mundane purpose. Wilkerson’s art is represented in public collections including the St. Louis Art Museum, the Baltimore Museum of Art, the Delaware Art Museum and Tucson Museum of Art. His work was exhibited by galleries in St. Louis, Kansas City, New Orleans, Carmel and New York. He was first represented by and had his first exhibition at Lamagna Gallery in New York. When Carlo M. Lamagna accepted a position as a director at OK Harris Gallery of New York, Wilkerson followed. Then Ivan Karp, who was instrumental in launching the careers of pop artists including Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Claes Oldenburg and Tom Wesselmann, represented Wilkerson throughout his career. The Saint Louis University Museum of Art is a dynamic cultural institution. I invite you to enjoy not only Discerning Palette Jerry O. Wilkerson Retrospective but the other newly opened exhibitions in the museum. You will find more resources at our web site http://sluma.slu.edu and more about the museums of Saint Louis University at http://museums.slu.edu. 2 Still Life with Lobster, Collage, 1980, Collection of Gail Wilkerson 3 Jerry O. Wilkerson’s Work in Intertextual Perspective by Petruta Lipan, University Curator Intertextuality, a term that was first introduced by French semiotician Julia Kristeva in the late 1960’s, derives from the Latin intertex, meaning to intermingle while weaving. The theoretical concept of intertextuality is often associated with postmodernism though the device itself is not new. In contemporary theory, intertextuality refers to the network of content and code interdependencies that establish meaning. The interpretation of an art work always takes form of another work. Jerry O. Wilkerson employed intertextuality in a complex and multilayered body of work that incorporated a range of genres, concepts and influences. His art may be understood in terms of two axes: a horizontal axis connecting the viewer to concurrent relationships – and a vertical axis connecting his art to historical relationships – different artists, genre, periods, concepts and cultures. By creating an artwork in a certain genre, style, or medium Wilkerson provided the viewer with a significant intertextual framework. In his career, he employed still life, landscape, and pointillist technique and often directly referenced artworks by Cezanne, Mondrian, Van Gogh, Duchamp, Stella and Warhol among others. Representations of food in art are commonly associated with the still life genre which is known as the study of inanimate objects (nature morte). They typically represent everyday objects and include fruits, vegetables, dishes of food and soup cans. On the vertical axis still life painting can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians but it was established as a genre by the Dutch painters of the 17th century. In still life after Cezanne, Wilkerson directly acknowledges the influence of Cezanne as the catalyst for change from the art of the past to the art of the future. In the 19th century, Cezanne took still life in a new direction which led to further developments during the 20th century, exemplified by cubisism, pop art, and photorealism. The genre is also a vehicle for explorations of artistic, social and cultural meaning. Wilkerson worked within the parameters of the still life genre and addressed, in a unique way, numerous artistic, social and cultural aspects of American consumerism that started its expansion in the postwar era. An increased pace of life created an acute need for time saving products which was eagerly fulfilled by what shortly became food conglomerates. The emphasis was on the processed, or what Levy Strauss calls the “cooked,” the equivalent of culture, as opposed to the “raw,” the equivalent of nature. These oppositions formed the basic structure for all ideas and concepts in a culture. The 4 unimaginable selections that filled the superstores’ endless rows of shelves created the perception of prosperity. This same “fullness” was soon expected from initially resistant cultural institutions who eventually and enthusiastically embraced pop art and its celebration of consumer culture. Art, food and culture intersected at the consumption level in Wilkerson’s work. Food and art became interchangeable as both require taste and the fulfillment of basic needs. Still lifes, which mostly depict food, are statements about class as well as food consumption. Food is first a sign system, which employs cultural schemata to keep up with the speed at which meaning is delivered. Wilkerson is often associated with pointillism. His pointillism in artworks made with felt-tip pen on paper is closer to the mechanically reproduced and mass production (see Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” 1936) than to Seurat. When Wilkerson used felt-tip pens the colors were the same as in commercial printing: magenta, yellow and blue. He did not attempt to mix the colors on paper, obvious in the uneven white space left between the dots and the choice of preferred commercial pens. The pens do not allow mixing regardless. Wilkerson is closer to Duchamp than to Seurat, Lichtenstein or pop. He appropriated pop art’s iconic imagery, his images did not hide the hand-made or the massed produced artist’s supplies he used. He dissected the process, deconstructed famous artworks and posed difficult questions thus bringing to the fore issues of high and lowbrow. He referenced Warhol’s Campbell Soup can which was already associated with high art, and chose to paint a can of pork and beans, a lowbrow food, instead. In Mona Lisa Ashtray he connects Da Vinci, Duchamp, and Walter Benjamin by reproducing the Mona Lisa as an ashtray raising more questions about the divide between highbrow and lowbrow. He added to the injury by depicting a cigarette resting on the reproduced image, showing that the image was not only not revered, but not even appreciated. Any artwork is a new weave of concurrent and past citations. 5 Tom’s Bar and Grill, Serigraph, 1984, Collection of Gail Wilkerson 6 Pizza, Serigraph on muslin, 1988, Collection of Gail Wilkerson 7 8 Still Life with Paints and Brushes, Serigraph, 1976, Collection of Gail Wilkerson Ice Cream Cones, Acrylic on board, 1986, Collection of Gail Wilkerson 10 Lay’s Potato Chips, Acrylic on canvas, 1985, Private Collection, St. Louis, Mo. 11 Ironies and Icons by Carlo M. Lamagna New York University In a career that spanned nearly 40 years, Jerry O. Wilkerson’s unique, instantly recognizable visual style focused on a select range of ironies and icons of American taste. His work is complex and nuanced, a conscious commentary on the creative process and on American consumer culture’s fascination with brand names and nostalgia. Wilkerson came of artistic age in the 1960s, a period of ferment in social, cultural and artistic innovation. He was influenced by his study of art of the past and drew inspiration from groundbreaking contemporary sensibilities. He has strong roots in pop art, which was a reaction to the hegemony of abstract art and the beginning of artists’ engagement with popular culture, including advertising, media, food and fashion. Like Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and other pop progenitors, Wilkerson possessed a strong sense of irony and a willingness to place ordinary things in new frameworks. His work plays with the meanings of everyday objects, sometimes in context, sometimes not, through carefully controlled settings and bold shifts in scale and composition. His “Candy Series # 2: Bazookas,” from 1976, displays a densely populated abstract space with jostling brand-name candies magnified to oversize proportion. Wilkerson’s commitment to exploring consumerist preferences was both ironic and celebratory. As Lichtenstein was developing his benday dot technique, drawing from commercial printing processes, Wilkerson looked to earlier avant-garde innovators, the neoImpressionists of the late 19th Century. Artists like Georges Seurat used separate strokes of bright color, slightly overlapping or placed in close proximity, that made the viewer’s eye do the work of pulling the image together. Wilkerson used felt-tip pens and oil and acrylic paints to create an effect similar to Seurat’s pointillism, applying separate dots of color to paper, board and canvas to delight contemporary viewers with recognizable images from popular culture filled with light and palpable atmosphere. “Mickey and Minnie and Cherry Pie,” a work on paper from 1977, is a databank of imagery rendered in soft focus, that includes animated icons, brand name sweets, including a Fig Newton, and prototypical diner desserts, that Wilkerson mines in the years to come. Wilkerson was also influenced by a controversial movement of the 1970s, new realism. It was a movement that unabashedly employed the photograph as a basis on which to build a highcontrast, detached vision of American material culture. The camera’s selective focus and distortions were used to compose 12 vivid depictions of everyday scenes and still lifes. Dramatic shadows, reflections and hard surfaces lent a surreal air to these paintings, which displayed a high level of visible craftsmanship that had been missing from mainstream art making for many years. Wilkerson developed some of these techniques and vocabulary - dramatic, sometimes fierce, cropping of images, distortions of scale, high contrast, and flattened pictorial space to create his own vision of national cultural imagery. Wilkerson’s earlier paintings from the 1970s are images taken from kitsch calendar and paint-by-number pictures. Giant puppies, shown playing in “The Three Graces” (1973-1977), kittens with a ball of yarn (“The Game” from 1974), and “Landscape with Lighthouse,” from 1973, are on canvases 5 feet by 6 feet or larger. He would also turn around and render these same aggressively saccharine, yet slightly menacing images so tenderly, in small scale works on paper, with a beautiful technical refinement that he continued to deepen as his body of work progressed. Throughout his career, Wilkerson returns to the process of artistic creation as one of the subjects for his work. In still life with “Paints and Brush” from 1976, the artist is ready for action, with jars of paints and brush supplemented by a cup of coffee and open pack of cigarettes. In “Hammer,” 1978, the artist’s persuasively drawn eyeglasses have been temporarily placed on the drawing paper from which a rendering, in pencil, of a hammer is emerging, Galatea-like, with a trompe l’oeil pencil resting on top of it. Wilkerson uses trompe l’oeil, literally from the French “fool the eye” in many of his works, to emphasize a point, to strengthen a composition or simply delight the eye. He follows in the tradition of 19th century American painters like William Hartnett and John F. Peto, who portrayed everyday still lifes so convincingly that crowds who went to view their paintings could scarcely believe they were not three dimensional. “Tea Cups,” from 1984, shows a full-color teacup with, a smaller, slightly different variant in black and white, just below it. Two seemingly real drawing pencils complete the composition. Another watercolor and felt-tip pen on paper work demonstrates Wilkerson’s wry humor. Entitled “West Broadway Boogie-Woogie (SE),” it references the Soho location of the gallery scene in 1980 and the artist Piet Mondrian, whose signature compositional elements celebrating jazz-age New York, and riffs on the title of a famous Mondrian painting. The lines and squares of color are intersected by Wilkerson’s drawing pencils – his own tools of 13 the trade. Some references to art history are more direct, like the impressive “Still Life after Cezanne” (1975), an homage to the postimpressionist master of the still life, others more sly, like “Oriental Dinner with Figure,” 1980, which might well reference the Impressionist fascination with the cultures of the Far East. Wilkerson comes into his own with a splendid series of paintings of food made during the 1980s. Working with his own setups, which he then photographs, he references food styling preferences of earlier era that stereotypically represents American popular food tastes. “Hamburger,” an acrylic on canvas painted at the start of the decade, is the apotheosis of America’s favorite menu item. Lovingly rendered in softfocus detail, the image also presents a surreal, ambiguous identity brought about by the close focus and large scale of the painting. “Lobster” from 1982 presents a majestic 4-foot-by 5-foot spectacle of the cooked specimen surrounded by its traditional garnish and accompaniments. Wilkerson provides clues as to the humble restaurant where this dish might be served through the pattern and shape of the platter on which it’s presented, but otherwise its weird majesty is enhanced by radical cropping and conspicuously limited pictorial space. Wilkerson’s food paintings also recall the opulence of 17th century Dutch still lifes teeming with abundance and underlying approval of conspicuous consumption. They celebrated the consumer culture of the everyday and the availability of this plenitude to a rising middle class population. Wilkerson’s food subjects are a leitmotif that runs throughout his career in various themes and variations. Some, like “Cheeseburger with Condiments,” a serigraph from 1984, reveal context and more depth of space, others, like “Cherries #2,” a painting from 1986, are virtually objects in abstract space, anchored by shading and shadows to the pictorial world. This work and others, like “Pears”” from 1988, recall Chinese still life compositions of the 13th century, such as “Six Persimmons,” prized for their classic clarity, focus and economy of style. 14 A series of paintings from early 1990s displays Wilkerson’s interest in brand names and the time periods they recall. Conceived as views of products and food within the framework of an open refrigerator, these compositions represent fruits and foods and brand-name containers that fix the objects in time. Here Wilkerson acknowledges the nostalgia inherent in commercial packaging and makes multi-layered references to classic still life components and those used in his own vocabulary of forms. “I can’t Believe it’s Not Butter” and “Florida Gold,” both from 1992, and “Refrigerator Easter Morning,” 1991, are sophisticated compositions that preserve mementoes of marketing ingenuity literally and ironically within the tomblike space of the refrigerator shelves. In the late 1990s, Wilkerson explored light effects from a new perspective. “A Self Portrait” from 1993 depicts the artist face, cropped and presented very close to the front of the picture plane, lit by two ghostly candles. It recalls both the fascination with specific sources of light casting dramatic shadows loved by Caravaggio and his followers in the 16th century with the eerie effects of gothic films and stories. In “Lightbulb and Candle” from 1995, he portrays two very different forms of light, the candle and the lightbulb, side by side on a polished surface, commenting on the individual sources of the light, while delighting in the interplay of reflection and refraction that gives this intimate picture a formidable visual impact. Wilkerson’s artistic development is marked by many works that display virtuoso formal compositions of great skill, ingenuity and beauty. They range from “Riviera,” 1986, a sumptuous arrangement of vividly colored pears in a bowl, “Still Life with Eggplant,” 1989, an arrangement of the Roseville art pottery he collected and an eggplant, idiosyncratically hued and lit, to “Three Pears,” 1990, a ravishing presentation of three standing pears rendered with great delicacy in a close range of tonalities. “Lollipops” from 2001 is a literal and visual confection of shapes, patterns and colors, while “Bananas,” 2006, is a strange, haunting, vaguely zoomorphic representation of two bananas. This retrospective amply demonstrates Wilkerson’s virtuosity and range. It includes the bold incursions he made into 3-D works, like the architectural constructions of Fig Newtons, pyramid and stacks, from 1984. These can be contrasted with later 2-D manifestations from 1995 and 1997, where the Fig Newtons take on animated characteristics beyond their obvious role as cookies. Wilkerson also experimented with repetitions of his imagery (a pop art hallmark), in a series of quilts done in the late 1980’s to the early 1990s. The printed fabrics to which hand quilting techniques were applied substitute hot dogs, Camel cigarette packs, pears and pizza slices in place of traditional abstract or decorative imagery. Through an uncanny sense of irony, perceptive overview of art and innovative currents of thought, Wilkerson successfully pulled many seemingly disparate influences and interests together to form a remarkable body of work. Distinguished by high levels of technical expertise and formal accomplishment, he left an enduring record of American popular culture viewed through different lenses, placed in a variety of contexts, and always treated with good humor and respect. 15 Mickey & Ashtray, Serigraph, 1975 Collection of Gail Wilkerson Jerry by Nancy Newman Rice Jerry would have been amused to know that many of us considered him to be a mentor and role model. He was a quiet-but-not-silent presence who seemed to know everyone remotely connected to the art scene in St. Louis and elsewhere. He exhibited his work nationally and won the imprimatur of Ivan Karp, director of O.K. Harris Gallery in New York, where he had numerous exhibits. In spite of all his accomplishments and recognition, Jerry was unpretentious and devoid of the arrogance that often times accompanies success, especially success in the “provinces.” Jerry came to St. Louis from Texas in 1966 to attend the master’s of fine art program at Washington University and never left, and whenever anyone complained about St. Louis not being New York, Jerry would drawl, “I like St. Louis.” He proved that one could live in provinces and still be a player. He was also full of genuinely helpful advice. He looked at some of my very small panel paintings and provided a succinct and practical suggestion: “Bigger frames.” Jerry’s proactive attitude was demonstrated through his efforts at organizing exhibits. In the early 1970s St. Louis was lacking in galleries other than nonprofit spaces associated with schools and universities. Jerry and several friends started the Emden Gallery, a cooperative space in an empty apartment in their building in the Central West End. The exhibits there were diverse and interesting. He and his associates gave artists, such as myself, exposure that would have ordinarily been difficult to achieve at that time and it was done without any expectation of financial gain. The establishment of the Emden Gallery gave impetus to other gallery ventures such as the Terry Moore Gallery, Okun/ Thomas Gallery, Lynn Plotkin Gallery and the Carol Shapiro Gallery. Emden eventually closed as all the artists were absorbed by other galleries, but to many of us it was the beginning of a slow and steady artistic renaissance. Jerry worked unceasingly, painting the objects and accoutrements of everyday life. His work seems akin to 16th century Dutch still lifes and genre paintings as they reflect a similar fascination with the ordinary. His work also revealed his remarkable sense of humor. With an impeccable pointillist technique, Jerry painted hamburgers, hamburgers threatened by crows, candy, cookies, fruit, lobsters, pies, his ever present cup of coffee, the inside of a refrigerator and fig bars. The fig bars would eventually morph into ziggurat-like sculptures and fantastic quilts all of which were meticulously crafted. Jerry was a prolific artist. After his death, his wife and best friend, Gail, found rolls of completed canvases, suites of prints and drawings stored in various places throughout their house in South St. Louis. The one painting that she was most unprepared to find was a self-portrait Jerry had painted before he became ill. He told the only other person who knew of its existence that he painted it for Gail, and she would find it when she needed it most. Nancy Newman Rice is the Director of Art and Design Programs at Maryville University in St. Louis. More information about her and her work may be found at: http://www.nancynewmanrice.com/. 16 17 Jerry by Mark Weber, a friend To be a part of something creative is a gift many of us dream about and some of us just get to watch. As a participant, Jerry was a part of a community of artists that defined artistic excellence in life and in life’s work. “We are makers,” Jerry used to say. “We make things that come from our lives, no need to look further than that.” If you were lucky enough to know Jerry, as this then young painter did, you realized that those were not just words from Jerry but the manner in which he lived his life. It was also the catalyst to developing a signature style of art that was uniquely Jerry. Using common elements from life, Jerry would define ways of painting, drawing, sculpting and quilting to move images into the extraordinary. Coffee cups, paint-by-number sets, food in all varieties were the images he enjoyed the most. “We all eat. What is more about life than that?” And so the images would immediately relate to all of us in our own unique ways. Living a life of art meant to Jerry that there is a private studio side to us as well as the public responsibility artists have to support each other. During the early 1970s there was very little opportunity for artist to exhibit their art work. As a co-founder of the Emden Gallery, along with Ken Worley and Kim Stromman, he spearheaded one of the finest contemporary galleries in St. Louis. The Emden Gallery, located in the first floor apartment of the Emden Building in the Central West End was always a very active environment for the arts. The support this gave to many artists in St. Louis was the first opportunity for the St. Louis community to view these artists’ work early in their careers. My first opportunity to exhibit my work was at a group exhibition of realists work at the Emden Gallery. Many of us owe the vision of Jerry Wilkerson and Ken Worley for this opportunity to participate in Emden Gallery’s active exhibition calendar. Living in the Central West End, Jerry always felt a part of a neighborhood of artists, writers and actors that called this area of St. Louis their home. On opening day of Tom’s Bar and Grill, Jerry introduced himself to one of the owners, Tom Dimitriades. Tom told Jerry of his wishes to bring real art work from St. Louis artists to hang in his restaurant. Jerry immediately brought Tom back to the Emden and introduced him to all of us living there at that time. Jerry was just like that. “If any of us is going to benefit from a new opportunity then all of us should benefit.” Little did any of us realize, except maybe Jerry, that Tom would be one of our strongest supports. Jerry truly defined the Central West End as the “The Artist Community” in St. Louis. Without question one of the most joyous times of Jerry’s life is when Gail came into his life. Together they shared Jerry’s love of art, travel and, of course, food. Food at the table and on the canvas. Gail mentioned to us that when she cooked she not only worried about how it was going to taste but how it looked. “This looks wonderful” Jerry would say, “Let me get my camera.” A few months later Gail’s creativity in the kitchen would be in paintings, prints and drawings. Gail was a believer in participating in the creative community. Always at Jerry’s side at artist’s receptions in St. Louis, New York or Kansas City, Gail was always there to support everyone in the creative community. Filling their home and their lives with art, Gail was Jerry’s rock and always encouraged Jerry to “take that chance.” Something that is so necessary to any creative individual apprehensive about trying new things, new ideas or wondering if this way will be the right direction. Together they were one of the couples who helped define the artistic community in St. Louis. Thank you Gail for all of the support and love you gave Jerry in his life and his work. Mark Weber is an art instructor at St. Louis Community College and exhibits his work locally and regionally. To learn more about his work visit http://users.stlcc.edu/mweber/. 18 19 Supporter of the Arts Saint Louis University Museum of Art Saint Louis University Museums and Galleries staff The Saint Louis University Museum of Art expresses its gratitude for the support of the following lenders to Discerning Palette Jerry O. Wilkerson Retrospective Tom Dimitriades Ray Hunter Carol Shapiro Mark and Shar Weber Gail Wilkerson Ken Worley Interns Claire Frandsen Mario Powell, S.J. Mary Marshall Neil Metzger Jimmy Miller J.R. Mooningham Dennis L. Thompson Andy Tiehen Petruta Lipan University Curator David Suwalsky, S.J. Director Bruce Zuckerman Private Collection, St. Louis, Mo. The exhibition of Discerning Palette Jerry O. Wilkerson Retrospective was made possible by: The Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Endowment for the Visual Arts, a fund established by Mrs. Lee Boileau and the late Oliver C. Boileau Jr., and patrons of the arts at Saint Louis University who wish to remain anonymous. 20 Fortune Cookies, Mixed Media, 1992, Collection of Gail Wilkerson We gratefully acknowledge the support of SAUCE magazine, sponsor of the opening reception. Current Exhibitions Collection of the Western Jesuit Missions “Master Drawings from the Permanent Collection” Continuing through August 17 Another Me: Photographs by Achinto Bhandra Community Galleries Continuing through June 1 with the support of the Terre des Hommes Foundation and The South Asia Children’s Fund. Upcoming Show KFC, Acrylic on Wood, 1992, Collection of Gail Wilkerson Sicilia: Immaginario Barocco E Feste Religiose A photographic exhibition by Guiseppe Leone Community Galleries June 5 - July 20 with the support of the Italian Cultural Institute and the Italian Foreign Ministry 3663 Lindell Blvd., O’Donnell Hall, St. Louis, MO 63103 • 314.977.2666 • sluma.slu.edu Wednesday - Sunday, 11 a.m. - 4 p.m.
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