Beginners Course
Theory
bsi.no/seiling
with Geir Olav Løken
© Kpt.Räveline 2003
© Geir Olav Løken 2012
Agenda
Theory part
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What is sailing?
The boats parts etc
Sailing Terms
Aerodynamics, how
do the sails work?
• Useful advice
• Safety
• Rules of way
What is sailing?
•
•
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Lifestyle
Recreation
Outdoors
Sports
Extreme sports
Adventure!!
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ADVENTURE!!
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3
4
The boat,
the basics
Mast/
Mast
Storseilbom/
Mainsail boom
Skrog/
Hull
Cockpit
Ror/Helm
Kjøl/
Keel
Sails
Storseil/Mainsail
Forseil/Foresail
Lus/Telltales
Spinnaker
Spinnakerboom
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Rigging
Akterstag/Aftstay
Vindpil/Windex,
Forstag/Forestay
Saling/Spreader
Vant/Stays/Shrouds
Running rigging (lines)
•Fall/Halyards,
•Hoists the sails
(up & down)
•Skjøter/Sheets
•Adjusts the sails
(sideways)
Winches
Winch
Winch
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Other adjustments
Klaviatur
•Kick
•Cunningham
•Uthal/Outhaul
•Bomopphal/Uphaul
The Mainsail
Lik
Fall/Halyard
The edges of a sail
Spiler/Battens
Akterlik/Leech
Forlik/Luff
Underlik/Foot
Reefing points
Uthal/Outhaul
Cunningham
Kick
Skjøte/Sheet
Løygang/Traveller
Aerodynamics
• What does the shape of the sails look like?
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Aerodynamics
• Yes, exactly the same principle!!
Aerodynamics
How do the sails work?
WIND!
Overpressure
(windard side)
Underpressure
(leeward side)
Aerodynamics
• Practical exercise
• Tear off the last sheet of the handout
• Follow my instructions
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Aerodynamics
WIND!
How the sails work
To windward:
• Kryss/Close hauled
• Underpressure on
the outside/leeward
side of the sails.
Overpressure
• Sheets tightly hauled
so that sails are
allmost parallell to
the boat
Underpressure
• Can not use
spinnaker
Aerodynamics
How the sails work?
WIND!
The wind from the side:
• Slør/Reach
Overpressure
• Underpressure on the
leeward/outside side of
the sails
• Sheets so tight as to
prevent sails fluttering.
• Can use spinnaker on a
broad reach.
Underpressure
Aerodynamics
WIND!
How the sails work?
With the wind:
• Lens/Run
• The sails ”block” the wind.
• No underpressure, only
turbulence
Turbulence
• Sheets adjusted to offer the
wind as much sail surface as
possible.
• Can use spinnaker
Turbulence
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Wind
Aerodynamikk i praksis
Kryss
(Cannot sail)
Skarp slør
Slør
Rom slør
Lens
Aerodynamikk i praksis
Aerodynamics, summary
• Kryss/Close hauled
– When sailing against the wind at an angle of 30-40º
• Slør/Reach
– With the wind from the side.
– Directly from the side is called skarp slør/beam reach
– A little bit from behind is called rom slør/broad reach
• Lens/Run
– When sailing with the wind mostly from behind.
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Break!!
• 10 minutes
• Questions are welcome
• Sign up for TWO lessons in the practical part of the course
(A4-sheets at the back of the auditorium)
Maritime terms
• Babord/Port and Styrbord/Starboard
– The left and right side of the boat when facing forward
• Lo/Windward og le/Leeward
– The Windward side is the side of something (e.g. a boat) that faces
the wind
• Hals/Tack (noun)
– The side of the boat that faces towards the wind
– Styrbord halser/Starboard tack: The wind from starboard.
– Babord halser/Port tack: The wind from port.
• Å slå/To tack (verb/manouvre)
– Turning the boat against the wind and to the opposite tack
• Å Jibbe/To gybe (manouvre)
– Turning the boat with the wind to the opposite tack
Maritime terms, Manouvers
Styrbord halser/Starboard tack
Å slå/To tack
Å jibbe/To gybe
Babord halser/Port tack
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Slag/Tack & Jibb/Gybe
The camera is where the wind comes from
Slag/Tack
Slag/Tack
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Jibb/Gybe
Maritime Terms
• Høyde/Height
– Angle relative to the wind
– Against the wind is high, away from the wind is low
• Skjære opp/Loffe/ Heading up
– Steering more towards the point from which the wind comes.
– Gaining more height
• Falle av/Bearing away
– Steering lower, more away from the point from which the wind
comes.
– Gaining less height/Losing height
Wind
Aerodynamikk i praksis
High
Low
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In case of strong winds
•
•
Hoisting a smaller foresail
Reefing the main
•Changing sail trim
- Flattening the sails
– Makes the sail smaller
•
Taking down the main
Reefing
(1 m/s = ca 3,6 km/h)
0 m/s
1-2 m/s
3-4 m/s
5-7 m/s
8-10 m/s
10-12 m/s
12-15 m/s
15-17 m/s
18-22m/s
23-30 m/s
30+ m/s
Vindstille
Svak bris
Bris
Laber bris
Frisk bris
Liten kuling
Kuling
Sterk kuling
Stiv kuling
Storm
Orkan
Maritime rules of way
• Enhanced level of responsibility
• The one with the better ability to manouvre must give way:
– Motor vessel must give way to sailing vessels
• A sailing vessel running its engine is a motor vessel
– Leisure vessel must give way to ”useful traffic”
• When motor vessels meet, ordinary rules of way apply
• When sailing wessels meet:
– Boats sailing at babord halser/port tack shall give way to boats
sailing at styrbord halser/starboard tack.
– When at similar tack, the windward boat must give way to the
leeward boat.
• Be clear on your intentions.
– Misunderstandings can be very costly.
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Safety
• Sailing wests are aboard, no need to buy one. However…
• Do not fall into the water
• Other potential injuries:
– Cuts
– Burns
– Head trauma if the main sail boom hits your head. Keep it low when
gybing!
• If you feel uncomfortable, do not hesitate to tell the skipper
Useful advice
• Knots:
– Bowline: sheets, halyards, mooring lines
– Clove hitch: Fenders
• Clothing
– Wool and rain gear works well.
– Bring an extra pullover. It is hard to put on clothes you
forgot to bring along…
– Bring a hat.
– Shoes or boots with soft soles are recommended.
– Bathing stuff?
PRACTICAL INFO
• The Web page bsiseiling.no)
• Where to find the boats?
• Seileplanen (the sailing plan)
– Which skipper is sailing when + skippers contact
info.
» Do not hesitate to call/sms!!
• The Mailing list
• Info on meetings/courses/trips
• Facebook BSI Seiling + sub groups
• Instagram: bsiseiling
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Questions?
Recommended litterature: Sail & Rig Tuning by Ivar Dedekam
Youtube, examples:
The Physics of Sailing - KQED QUEST
Beginners Guide to Sailing - An Introduction
Thank you for your attention!
SEE YOU AT SEA!!
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