James Kubicek Mr. Kann APUSH 5 March 2015 Crash Course 37 I.
Post War situation A. US and USSR were only powerful nations left 1. US was stronger a) Nuclear Weapons b) 20 million russians died B. Russia was scared of Germany invading them again 1. Sought to build a buffer between them and Germany a) Would reduce the US market C. US used containment II.
Greece and Turkey A. Truman Doctrine 1. Support Freedom loving people against communism B. Sent aid to Greece and Turkey to oppose communism and its spread III.
Arms Race A. Many agencies were started 1. For atomic energy etc. B. Soviets detonated a nuclear bomb IV.
Marshall plan A. In response to a spread of communism in Europe B. Wanted to use US aid to prevent communism C. In essence was a “European New Deal” D. Rebuild Japan, and the rest of Western Europe V.
Breaking up of Germany A. Germany was separated 1. East and West B. First Berlin Crisis C. West Berlin Needed goods from west Germany to ship to East Germany VI.
New US Government A. Most of the US was together on being opposed to Russia 1. Led to military build up B. Government supported anti communist propaganda C. Added under god to pledge of allegiance D. Stopped furthering the new deal E. Built lots of new infrastructure 1. Evak routs VII.
Soviets in the US A. Espionage ran rampant 1. Led to building nuclear weapons B. Cluster Fuchs gave information to the USSR VIII.
Red Scare A. Joseph McCarthy 1. Wisconsin Governor 2. Very anti Communism B. Pro Loyalty Crash Course 38 I.
Korea A. 3 Years B. “Forgotten War” C. Only time the US fought a communist nation 1. China D. Korea was split into the North and South 1. US backed the South E. Never Declared war 1. Called it the US policing the War F. Tried to rejoin Korea as a non communist nation G. China attacked the US H. Many more Koreans died than Americans I. Dwight Eisenhower 1. Was assisted in election by his stance on Korea II.
Vietnam War A. Vietnam wanted to be liberated from France B. Wanted to be Communist C. Picked up more in the 50’s D. Used no nuclear weapons E. Supported non communists F. Wanted to aid and advise instead of fight 1. Didn’t work G. Eventually did go to war H. Was largely during LBJ’s presidency I. Congress didn’t keep the US people up to date J. 500,000 Americans fought 1. 1968 K. Wanted to get out soon L. Was a brutal war M. Couldn’t tell the difference between civilians and soldiers N. Was televised O. Protests began 1. Most Americans supported the war P. Nixon withdrew US troops and left vietnamese people to fight 1. Went into Cambodia to cut off supply lines 2. Khmer Rouge rose to power Q. Pentagon Papers 1. Revealed the government had been releasing false info R. North eventually won and established a communist state S. The US lost 1. Underestimated the Vietnamese Chapter 29 I.
Origins of the Cold War A. Sources of Soviet­American Tension p.768 1. America’s Postwar Vision a) Had a tremendously different view of the world than the USSR b) Abandon the belief in having allies c) Believed in being an arbiter of international affairs (1) Protecting the right to self determination 2. Spheres of Influence a) Britain didn’t like self determination (1) Wanted to protect its colonies b) USSR wanted to establish a sphere that encompassed all of eastern Europe c) All major powers retained their power B. Wartime Diplomacy p.768 1. Dispute over Poland a) Churchill and Roosevelt were open to the idea of Russia taking some Polish land b) Poland was a wreck post WWII c) Poland wanted to give no territory to Russia C. Yalta p.768 1. United Nations a) Different from the old League of Nations b) Five Major powers (1) China (2) USSR (3) USA (4) England (5) France (a) Could all Veto c) The senate ratified it with a sharp majority (1) 80­2 2. Disagreement over Germany a) No one knew what to do with Germany post war b) Roosevelt wanted to reconstruct it c) Stalin wanted to in essence keep Germany from ever having power again d) The final decision was vague and not firm II.
Collapse of Peace A. Failure of Potsdam p.770 1. Truman’s “Get tough” policy a) Russia already controlled poland (1) And most of central and eastern Europe b) Germany was divided c) The US was involved overseas and didn’t want to participate militarily in Europe again (1) Wanted to settle for 85% of what it wanted (a) Settled for much less B. The China Problem p.771 1. Chiang Kai­shek a) The US wanted china to be strong and independent (1) So it could assist in policing the world b) The Chinese government was incredibly corrupt (1) However was nice to the US c) Communist parties were already in control of 1/4 of the populus 2. Restoring Japan a) Japan was seen as an alternate option to China b) The US had imposed massive restrictions on the nation after the war (1) Lifted all of the restrictions involving industrial development c) The vision of having united world was waning and support for a divided world with a powerful America grew C. The Containment Doctrine p.772 1. ​
Truman Doctrine a) Eastern Europe was falling to communism and Greece was also becoming more and more communist b) England was no longer able to aid in the fight against Stalin (1) Due to its recovery post war c) Helped Greece and turkey retain their traditional forms of government and oppose communism D. The Marshal Plan p.772 1. Rebuilding Europe a) Wanted to aid in the restoration of Western Europe b) Wanted a market for goods c) Wanted to prevent the spread of communism into western countries E. Mobilization at Home p.773 1. National Security Act a) 1947 b) Wanted to maintain a high military power (1) Approved a new Draft c) Pumped money into atomic research d) Reshaped how America would look after all of its branches of military F. The Road to NATO p.773 1. NATO a) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1) Signed by 12 nations b) An attack against one nation would be considered an attack against NATO and subsequently all NATO countries c) A standing military force was kept in Europe to protect against a soviet attack G. Reevaluating Cold War Policy p.775 1. NSC­68 a) Was a change in American Position b) Outlined areas that were essential and nonessential to the US c) Stated the US couldn’t rely on other countries to aid in the fight against Communism III.
American Society and Politics After the War A. Problems of Reconversion p.775 1. GI Bill a) There was fear the end of the war would bring back Depression b) 35 billion worth of soldier contracts were cut after the Japanese surrender c) Provided assistance to returning veterans 2. Postwar Labor unrest a) There were major strikes in the Automotive and many other industries b) Their was a coal strike that lasted 40 days c) Railroads also suffered a total shut down B. The Fair Deal Rejected p.776 1. Truman's “Fair Deal” a) Called for an extension of social security and raising the minimum wage b) Basically would further the New Deal c) Was shot down for the same reason the new deal was opposed 2. Taft­Hartley Act a) Was an attack on the Wagner act b) Reduced the power of unions c) Labor unions went after this act for decades C. Election of 1948 p.777 1. Democratic Defections a) Truman was relatively unpopular (1) he “Lacked Stature” b) Democrats were relatively divided c) Many were upset about his civil rights bill 2. Truman’s surprising victory a) Campaigned everywhere (1) Including Harlem b) Proposed an increase in civil rights c) Called for the repeal of the Taft Hartley act D. Fair Deal Revived p.778 1. Truman Stymied a) Didn’t convince congress to accept his civil rights bill (1) Would make Lynching a crime (2) Provide protection for voting (3) Abolish Poll taxes (4) Make job hiring more fair (a) Southern Democrats destroyed the bill E. Nuclear Age p.779 1. Conflicting views on Nuclear Power a) People both feared and were amazed by nuclear weapons b) People were afraid of a nuclear russia c) People wanted new nuclear technology 2. Promise of cheap nuclear power a) Many put faith into the technology that came with nuclear power b) Power plants popped up in many places (1) Dangers were seldom discussed c) Most people believed the good of nuclear energy far outweighed the bad IV.
Korean War A. The Divided Peninsula p.780 1. Syngman Rhee a) Both the US and the USSR sent troops to Korea b) The country was divided (1) 38th parallel c) Russia left in 49’ (1) Left the communist north with soviet weaponry 2. “Liberation” a) Expanded upon NSC­68 b) Divided the war wasn’t just about containment (1) Was also about liberating the people of Korea c) Wanted to make Korea a unified non­communist nation B. From Invasion to Stalemate p.780 1. Truman­Macarthur Controversy a) Macarthur was opposed to Truman b) Truman told him “Keep your objections to yourself” c) Truman relieved Macarthur of command in 1951 C. Limited Mobilization p.782 1. Wartime Economic Regulation a) Didn’t produce as large of an Impact as WWII b) Only slightly mobilized the US economy c) Government tried to control the economy V.
The Crusade Against Subversion 1. Sources of the Red Scare a) Joseph Stalin scarred Americans b) The Loss of China and the stalemate in Korea weren’t helping c) Russia also developed a nuclear bomb B. HAUC and Alger Hiss p.782 1. Alger Hiss a) The House Unamerican Activities Committee started foing after Alger Hiss b) Hiss served in Prison c) Was an ex communist (1) And member of the state department C. The Federal Loyalty Program and the Rosenberg Case p.782 1. The McCarran Internal Security Act a) Was a major attack on Subversion (1) By the executive branch b) Required all communists to publish their records c) Truman vetoed the bill but was easily overruled 2. Anticommunist Hysteria a) There was an intense amount of fear of the spread of communism b) Many schools and committees rid themselves of suspected communists c) Many also feared being seen as communist D. McCarthyism p.784 1. McCarthyism’s Appeal a) McCarthy was going after the state department and various other agencies b) McCarthy destroyed many people's carriers c) People continued to get brought before him, and he would badger them with questions until they eventually broke down E. The Republican Revival p.785 1. Dwight Eisenhower a) Was a general and a NATO commander b) Had no previous affiliation with the party c) Became president (1) Nixon was his vice president