History
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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15
SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY
PEOPLE
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sophisticated political and material cultures.
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settled to grow crops. Shortly after the establishment of the
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Occupation
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Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State.
The mineral revolution
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at a time of heightened militancy. More discriminatory
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was on the march.
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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15
SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY
PEOPLE
The rise of apartheid
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and authoritarian approach than the previous segregationist
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more determined political grouping came to the fore with the
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Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu.
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apparent in various legislation and residential segregation
was enforced.
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embodied a rejection of white domination and a call for
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was drawn up at the Congress of the People in Soweto. The
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introduced.
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Struggle days
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uprisings throughout the country.
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handed repression.
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government embarked on a series of limited reforms in the
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coloured and Indian minorities limited participation in
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cause.
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by eventual recognition that apartheid could not be
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students and academic leaders meeting publicly and pri
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and eventually removed.
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tably led to historic changes and the fall of apartheid.
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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15
SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY
PEOPLE
Democracy at last
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elected president.
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attended by heads of state and government delegations
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new councils for all municipalities in the country.
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better quality of life for all, the National Planning Commission
in The Presidency finalised the draft National Development
Plan: Vision for 2030. The plan is a step towards charting a
new path for South Africa in dealing with the triple challenge
of poverty, unemployment and inequality.
On 8 January 2012, Africa’s oldest liberation movement,
the ANC, celebrated 100 years of existence. This was a
historic achievement, not only for the movement, but also
for South Africa and the continent.
In May 2012, the Square Array Kilometre (SKA) Organisation announced that the SKA Project would be shared
between South Africa and Australia, with a majority share
coming to South Africa. The full dish array and the dense
aperture array will be built in Africa.
In November 2012, South Africa was elected by the
members of the UN General Assembly to the UN’s
47-member Economic and Social Council.
In December 2012, President Zuma was re-elected as the
president of the ANC during the ruling party’s congress in
Mangaung,Free State with Cyril Ramaphosa elected as the
party’s deputy president.
In July 2013, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, was appointed
executive director of the UN Women Entity for Gender
Equality and Empowerment of Women, and Geraldine
Fraser-Moleketi, was appointed director in the UN
Development Programme’s Bureau for Development Policy.
On 5 December 2013, South Africa’s first democratically
elected President and anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela
died at the age of 95. Mr Mandela led South Africa’s transition from white-minority rule in the 1990s, after 27 years in
prison for his political activities.
He had been receiving intensive medical care at home
for a lung infection after spending three months in hospital.
His body lay in state at the Union Buildings from 11 to 13
December. He was buried in his home town of Qunu in the
Eastern Cape on 15 December 2013.
South Africa celebrated 20 Years of Freedom in 2014,
which was a historic milestone for the country. The Twenty
Year Review, which was released in 2013, and the National
Planning Commission’s 2011 Diagnostic Report, highlight
that poverty, inequality and unemployment continue to negatively affect the lives of many people.
Despite progress in reducing rural poverty and increasing access to basic services in rural areas over the past 20
7
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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15
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PEOPLE
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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15
SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY
PEOPLE
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communities must have better opportunities to participate
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deracialisation of the economy. The NDP sets a growth
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