A Changing Nation
Building a National Identity
The Era of Good Feelings
• James Monroe wins election Republicans are
dominate for 8 years
• Federalist party fades away
• National Unity is stressed and politicians start
to work together
Government Power Increases during
Era of Good Feelings!
• Building the Economy
– Henry Clay represented the West- build roads ,
bridges and canals for transporting goods to
increase trade
– Daniel Webster represented the Northeastprotect industry and business by passing
protective tariffs so they receive more business
– John C. Calhoun- represented the South- strong
state rights or States = a strong federal
government
Government Power Increases during
Era of Good Feelings!
• 2nd bank of the U.S.
-Controlled State bank
loans
- Lent money to
individuals
- Controlled the money
supply
Government Power Increases during
Era of Good Feelings!
• Increased power of the Supreme Court
– McColloch vs. Maryland- states couldn’t interfere
with federal institutions or pass laws that violate
Federal law
– Dartmouth College vs. Woodward- protected the
right of private contracts- helped capitalism grow
in the U.S.
– Gibbons vs. Ogden- Congress can only
regulate(control) interstate trade or commerce
Dealing With Other Nations
Adam- Onis Treaty
• Jackson defeats the Seminoles in Florida, he
then conquers Spanish settlements
• Spanish governor flees and Spain realizes it
can’t protect Florida
• Spain cedes(gives) Florida to U.S. with the
promise that we won’t attack their western
possessions.
Dealing With Other Nations
• Monroe Doctrine
– Spain loses control of Mexico , Central America and South
American colonies.
– New independent countries form in these areas.
– U.S. fears that Russia, France and other European
countries would try to take over the new independent
countries.
– James Monroe and John Quincy Adams want to protect
U.S. trade and the independence of the new nations.
– Monroe issues a doctrine that tells all countries to not
interfere or try to colonize the Americas, the U.S. would be
in charge of protecting these countries.
Dealing With Other Countries
• U.S. settles border disputes with the Canadian
government and Great Britain
Adams and Jackson in Conflict
• 1824 election: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay , John
Quincy Adams and William Crawford
– Jackson won the popular vote(Common man)
– Jackson won the most electoral votes
• “Corrupt Bargain”
– Henry Clay convinced the House of Representatives to
vote for John Quincy Adams
– Adams tried to implement Clay’s American
System(high tariffs and build infrastructure) but failed
to win the support of the people
The Age of Jackson
Common People Gain Power
• Voting rights -expanded to all white males
• Equality- rights were given to all white males
• All could participate in government- hold
office
• Spoils system- many more could have a
chance to participate in government
Native American Removal
Conflict Over Land- Forced Removal
• Voters of the Southeast wanted Native American land
– Gold was discovered
– Land was good for cotton production
• Natives wanted to stay because:
– it was their homeland
– they grew up on the land
– they had civilized and done what whites had asked of
them
• State Rights– States didn’t recognize Indian nations or their sovereignty
Support for Native Americans
• Religious groups and missionaries
• Courts- Supreme Court
– Worcester vs. Georgia
• Native Americans were sovereign nations
• Decision was not enforced by Andrew Jackson, so Native
Americans had to leave and settle in the new Indian territory
• 100,000 were relocated west of the Mississippi River
• Trail of Tears – 1000s of natives died during removal from
disease, drought, starvation, and exposure
Conflicts Within the Government
Old Issues
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Nullification
State rights
Secession
Rich and privileged vs. common man
Distrust in government
New Problems
• Bank of the United States
– Bank favored the rich and privileged( rich vs.
common man)
– States were given little power to control state
banks(State Rights)
– Why should the government(Bank of United
States) control money and loans( distrust of
government)
New Problems
• Tariffs
– States didn’t like tariffs, hurt farmers and
planters(rich vs. common man)
– States could nullify(cancel) federal laws they
didn’t like( State Rights & nullification)
– South Carolina will secede if forced by the federal
government to pay tariffs( succession)
Solutions
• Andrew Jackson vetoes the bank charter and
in 1832 the 2nd Bank of the United States is
closed
• 1833 – Jackson ask Congress to force South
Carolina to pay tariffs
• Jackson also ask Congress to pass a
compromise bill to reduce tariffs
• South Carolina repeals it tariff nullification