ACTIVITY 2: HISTOLOGY AND INTEGUMENT
Laboratory Objectives:
1. Identify the basic structure of a tissue: cells, matrix, fibers.
2. Identify and label the cell shapes and layers in 8 different epithelial tissues under a microscope
and/or a photograph.
3. Identify and label 12 different connective tissues and any special features in each including the
matrix, specific names of connective tissue cells, and the fibers in each tissue.
4. Identify the cells and features in the nervous tissue slide.
5. Identify 3 muscle tissues and label features of each.
6. Identify at least one body location for each tissue.
7. Sketch and label each tissue.
8. Identify the layers and structures of the human integument, from slides or photos and models.
Epithelial Tissues (8)
A. Cell Shapes
• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar
D. For each epithelial tissue, be able to identify:
• the tissue as an epithelium
• the specific type of epithelium
• the shape of the cells
• the number of cell layers
• specific body location for tissues
• any specialized structures:
cilia, goblet cells, microvilli,
basement membrane, basal
surface, apical surface, lumen
B. Number of Layers
• Simple
• Stratified
• Pseudostratified
C. Types of Epithelium:
1. Simple squamous epithelium
mesothelium
endothelium
2. Stratified squamous epithelium
3. Simple cuboidal epithelium
4. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
5. Simple columnar epithelium
6. Stratified columnar epithelium
7. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
8. Transitional Epithelium
1
Connective Tissues (12)
C. Supporting connective tissues
A. Fluid Connective Tissue
ü Bone: types of bone tissue
1. Blood (fluid CT):
•
•
•
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
•
Plasma
8. Spongy bone
9. Compact bone
Bone tissue features:
B. Connective Tissues Proper:
ü Loose Connective Tissues
2. Areolar CT
3. Reticular CT
4. Adipose CT
ü Dense Connective Tissues
•
Osteoblast
•
Osteocyte
•
•
•
•
•
ü
Osteoclast
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Hydroxyapatite matrix
Central canal
Cartilage: types of cartilage
10. Hyaline cartilage
11. Fibrocartilage
12. Elastic cartilage
5. Dense regular CT
6. (Dense regular) elastic CT
7. Dense irregular CT
Cartilage tissue features:
Chondroblast
Chondrocyte
Protein Fibers in connective tissues
•
•
•
Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
•
•
• Perichondrium
D. For each connective tissue, be able to
identify:
• the tissue as a connective tissue
• specific body location for tissues
Other Terms
•
Fibroblast
•
•
Ground substance
Adipocyte
Lacunae
Hyaluronic acid matrix
2
•
any fibers visible
•
•
•
the name of the visible cells
the location of the matrix
any specialized features
Nervous Tissue (1)
Muscle Tissues (3)
Neurons
Soma (cell body)
Axon
Dendrites
Neuroglia (glial cells)
1. Smooth muscle
2. Skeletal muscle
Be able to identify:
the tissue as nervous tissue
all features listed above
specific body location
Be able to identify:
the tissue as muscle tissue
all features listed above
specific body location for tissues
muscle fiber/cell
striations
3. Cardiac muscle
striations
intercalated discs
3
Integumentary System: Skin and Accessory Structures
Layers of the integument, from superficial to deep:
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis (deep to integument, not part of integument)
A. Epidermis
Layers- superficial to deep
• Stratum corneum
•
Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
•
•
•
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (germinativum)
D. Sensory Receptors
•
•
•
•
Meissner's (tactile) corpuscle
Pacinian (lamellated)
corpuscle
Merkel Cell/Disc*
Free nerve ending
E. Other Structures
B. Dermis
• Papillary Layer:
areolar connective tissue, tactile corpuscles, free
nerve endings
• Reticular Layer:
dense irregular connective tissue, lamellated
corpuscles
C. Glands
Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland
• Apocrine sweat gland
• Sebaceous gland
4
•
•
Hair Follicles
Dermal papillae
•
Epidermal ridges
•
Melanocytes
•
Langerhans cells