Name: _________________________________
Chapter 8: Livestock on the Open Range
Chapter Review Worksheet
Reviewing Key Terms and People: Write the person or key term in the blank that best completes the sentence. Many
people and terms are not shown in bold words in your textbook.
1. Ranchers found Montana’s grasslands to be superior because the wind mostly kept the snow off the grass. There are
many streambeds and the nutritious grass______________________________ (dries) standing up, making it easy for
cattle to get to. (p.150)
2. In the 1850’s a fur trader named ______________________________ started buying exhausted cattle from the
Oregon Trail, fattened them up in Montana, then sold them later on for a profit. (p.150)
3. Two brothers, James and Granville Stuart, gave up mining gold and drove 76 cattle to _________________________,
where they opened a butcher shop. (p.151)
4. Ranching operations were called _________________________________. (p.152)
5. The _________________________________ was so important because in arid areas like Montana it took hundreds of
acres to feed a cow for one year. (p.154)
6. Cattle drifted and became mixed up so ranchers held a ________________________________ every fall and spring
to sort and brand their cattle. (p.154)
7. Frenchman ___________________________________ attracted investors to help him build a large cattle operation in
eastern Montana. (p.155)
8. ______________________________ was 16 when he became a cowboy. He would later become one of Montana’s
most famous artists. (p.156)
9. Cowboys called beginners ____________________________ and often played pranks on them. (p.157)
10. Ranching women served as _________________________________ and pharmacists for their families and
neighbors. They cooked, raised crops and animals, and helped the men with jobs like fencing and haying.( P.157)
11. Jesuit priest _________________________________ brought the first sheep to Montana in 1847. (p.157)
12. In states like _____________________________ there were violent conflicts between cattle and sheep men. In
Montana, however, most ranchers owned both. (p.158)
13. ______________________________ were different than cowboys because they lived alone with their dogs for
months at a time. (p.158)
14. There were problems with the open range. Predators killed many cattle and sometimes unbranded calves became
____________________________. (p.160)
15. Cattle ___________________________________ (thieving) was too easy on the open range and the worst problem of
all was overgrazing. (p.160)
16. To respond to problems of the open range, ranchers tried several strategies. Granville Stuart organized a group of
vigilantes called ______________________________ in order to kill rustlers. Ranchers formed Stockgrowers
associations to influence the legislature and hired detectives to check brands. (p.160)
Name: _________________________________
17. The autumn before the Hard Winter was unusually dry. Range fires burned large sections of grass. In the spring of
1886 ______________________________ more cattle arrived on the plains. Then a December thaw refroze, leaving
cattle unable to eat the grass. (p.161)
18. The first rodeos were created by Mexican cowboys called ______________________________. (p.163)
19. Montana ranchers opened their doors to vacations known as ____________________________________ who wanted
to experience the West. (p.164)
Chapter 9: Railroads Link Montana to the Nation
Chapter Review Worksheet
Reviewing Key Terms and People: Write the person or key term in the blank that best
completes the sentence. Many people and terms are not shown in bold words in your textbook.
1. Connecting Montana to the expanding __________________________________________________________ would
boost the entire nation’s economy. (p.170)
2. The first railroad to get anywhere near Montana was the ________________________________________________.
It built a line north from Utah to Butte that was completed in 1881. (p.171)
3. In 1882 the government, under pressure by the railroad companies, reduced the size of the _____________________
reservation by 1.5 million acres. The Blackfeet reservation was also chopped up for the same reason. (p.172)
4. An investor who finances huge projects is a ____________________________________. (p.174)
5. Instead of money, the government gave the Northern Pacific _____________________________________. By 1900,
the railroad was the biggest land-owner in Montana. (p.174)
6. The Northern Pacific railroad met when Chinese laborers, building from the west, met rail gangs of Swedes and
_______________________________________ building from the east. Former president U.S. Grant attended the
hammering of the last spike that finished the railroad at Gold Creek in 1883. (p.174)
7. James J. Hill was a railroad________________________________________ (wealthy businessman) who built the
Great Northern Railway. Hill had the support of wealthy investors so he could offer lower prices for people traveling
the Hi-line. (p.175)
8. An Indian guide showed a Great Northern engineer named ________________________________________ the
route over Marias Pass, which was the easiest of all passes used by the railroads. (p.176)
9. The ________________________________________ was Montana’s only 20th century transcontinental railroad. It
was known for its sleek style and modern engineering. (p.176)
10. To increase business, the Milwaukee Road (and other railroads) aggressively marketed homesteading land in eastern
Montana, claiming that eastern Montana was a ______________________________________________. (p.177)
11. ________________________________________was the president of the Anaconda Copper Company and sat on the
board of the Milwaukee Road. In 1912 he formed the Montana Power Company, making him the most powerful man
in Montana. (p.177)
12. A ________________________________ is a machine that converts mechanical energy (like moving downhill) into
electric energy. (p. 177)
Name: _________________________________
13. Asian immigrants helped build both the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railway. They worked the toughest,
most dangerous jobs, faced discrimination and were paid much less because they weren’t allowed to join
____________________________________. Though conditions improved for Japanese workers, Chinese immigrants
were forced out of the country in the early 1900’s. (p.178)
14.By 1911, railroads employed _____________________________ Montanans. By 1920, Montana had one of the
highest proportions of railroad workers of any state. Railroads connected cities across Montana – even small towns
were visited by a few trains a day. (p.179)
15.Railroads brought farm machinery and household goods to Montana, as well as exotic foods. Trains also brought
entertainers like opera, theater and __________________________ shows. (p.181)
16.Some Montanans resented the political and economic power that railroads gained. Farmers in eastern Montana
complained that they paid outrageously high _________________________________________________ while the
miners enjoyed special treatment. (p.184)