EOC Review Book 1
I made a FOUR on the
EOC! No more guided
readings or terms!
Goal
Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) - The learner will identify, investigate,
and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic.
Percent of
EOC
8%
Goal 2: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the
competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.
9%
Goal 3: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner
will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the
impact of Reconstruction on the nation.
8%
Goal 4 The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860s-1896) - The
learner will evaluate the great westward movement and assess the impact of
the agricultural revolution on the nation.
7%
Goal 5 Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) - The learner will
describe innovations in technology and business practices and assess their
impact on economic, political, and social life in America.
8%
Goal 6: The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890-1914) The learner will analyze causes and effects of the United States emergence as a
world power.
7%
Goal 1 Presidential Review
Directions: Match the description with the President(s) by writing the name(s) next to the description.
President George Washington
President Thomas Jefferson
President John Adams
President James Madison
President Thomas Jefferson
1. brought the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent Lewis and Clark to
explore and discover a waterway to the Pacific Ocean
President George Washington
2. set the precedent for serving only 2 terms
President Thomas Jefferson
3. placed the Embargo Act of 1807 on Britain due to their impressment
of US sailors
President John Adams
4. first and last Federalist president
President George Washington
5. in his Farewell Address, he stated that the US should remain
neutral/isolated and not form political parties
President John Adams
6. created the Alien and Sedition Act because the DemocratRepublicans criticized him
President James Madison
7. president during the War of 1812
President George Washington
8. argument over the creation of the National Bank formed the twoparty system
President George Washington
9. father of our nation
President Thomas Jefferson
10. used the laissez-faire economic policy
President George Washington
11. used a loose interpretation of the Constitution
President George Washington
12. during the Whiskey Rebellion, he proved that the US government
was supreme by enforcing the excise tax on whiskey
President George Washington
13. established the Federal court system with the Judiciary Act of 1789
President John Adams
14. avoided a war with France over the XYZ Affair
President Thomas Jefferson
15. refused to recognize former president’s nominees to the federal
court system
2
Visual Review of Policies in Goal 1
Direction: Name the parts.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
1. absorb state debt
(now that you have debt you
need to raise money)
2. tax and tariffs
(this is how the gov gets
money)
3. create a national bank
(this will cause a split b/w
Hamilton and Jefferson =
two party system)
Directions: Fill in the beliefs of the political party.
Founded by A.
Hamilton
Believed in a loose
interpretation of
Constitution
Support came from
merchant/business
class
Members found in
North
Believed strength
of nation rested
with merchants
Loved tariffs
Federalist
Direction: Write the events in the Whiskey Rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion
1. Hamilton’s Economic Plan
placed an excise tax on whiskey.
2. Farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay it
3. President Washington sent troops/militia
to force the farmers to pay the excise tax
4. Federal government proved that federal
law is supreme (meaning you have to obey it)
Directions: Fill in the beliefs of the political party.
Founded by T.
Jefferson
Believed in a
strict
interpretation of
the Constitution
Support came
from
planters/farmers
Members found
in South and
West
Believed strength
of nation rested
with the agrarian
society
Democrat-Republican
3
North v. South
Directions: Answer the questions in the columns.
North
Who made up the
work force?
How did this work
force affect the
region?
Which region –
rich or poor?
Why?
Liked or hated
tariffs?
Liked or hated
Hamilton’s
Economic Plan?
Why?
States rights or
strong central
government?
Add one thing that
you know about
each region.
South
Immigrants
Slaves
Cheap and effective for factory system
South became dependent on slaves,
needed free labor
Poor because factories were not built up
until 1840s
Rich because cotton was king
Liked tariffs
Hated tariffs
Liked because it gave a tariff, which
helped their factories grow
Hated because it forced them to buy
more expensive Northern made goods
over the cheap foreign goods
Strong central government
States Rights
War of 1812
What was the US foreign policy prior to 1812? Neutrality/isolationism
Name the three causes of the War of 1812.
1. Impressment of US sailors
2. Warhawks in Congress wanted Canada
3. Britain arming/giving weapons to American Indians
What do I need to know about the events during the war?
1. D.C., the nation’s capital, was burned
2. the Star Spangle Banner, our national anthem, was written
3. US gained respect
What was the name of the famous battle that made General Andrew Jackson a house hold name?
Battle of New Orleans – led to an increase of nationalism
How did this battle affect him in 1828? Becomes President due to war record
4
Goal 1 – Total Recall
What was the name of the first two political parties?
Democrat-Republicans and Federalists
1. tariff, 2. National Bank, 3. absorb state debt
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
This caused the creation of the two-party system.
Creation of the National Bank
Believed in a strong, central government and a loose
Federalists
interpretation of the Constitution.
Believed in state’s rights and a strict interpretation of
Democrat-Republicans
the Constitution.
President Thomas Jefferson placed this on Britain due
Embargo
to the impressment of US sailors in 1807.
Warned 1. no political parties and 2. no alliances.
Washington’s Farewell Address
What did the Whiskey Rebellion prove about the
Federal law will be obeyed
federal government?
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create?
Supreme Court and Federal Appeals Court
Who was John Marshall?
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who believed in
expanding federal power
What was the decision in Marbury v. Madison?
Judicial review
Why did President John Adams issue the Alien and
To stop the criticism of his federalist government by
Sedition Acts?
the Democrat-Republicans
What was the significance of the XYZ Affair?
Brought the US to the brink of war with France
What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
States can nullify/void federal laws
state?
5
What is the Bill of Rights?
1st 10 Amendments
What does “necessary evil” refer to?
Slavery
What land did the Treaty of Greenville give to the US? Ohio River Valley
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
What did the cotton gin do for slaves?
Increased the demand for it
What are the three causes for the War of 1812?
1. impressment of US sailors, 2. warhawks want
Canada, 3. Britain arming American Indians
How did the War of 1812 end?
No one won
What was the name of the treaty that ended the War of
Treaty of Ghent
1812?
What was Jay’s Treaty?
US had to pay pre-Revolutionary War debts;
Americans hated it
What was Pinckney’s Treaty?
Gave US navigational rights to Mississippi River and
right of deposit to the port of New Orleans
What was the name of the battle that made Andrew
Battle of New Orleans
Jackson famous?
What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
Gave US Florida from Spain
1st President?
Washington
2nd President?
Adams
3rd President?
Jefferson
4th President?
Madison
6
Goal 2 – Total Recall
What was the first division of free and slave states?
Missouri Compromise
What trail did Lewis and Clark found?
Oregon Trail
Why did Lewis and Clark find this trail?
Suppose to find a waterway west to the Pacific Ocean
What is manifest destiny?
God told the US to expand Westward
What was manifest destiny responsible for?
Expansion
What land does “54-40 or fight” refer to?
Oregon Territory
How did the US acquire Texas?
Annexed it under President Polk
What war did the Battle of the Alamo happen in?
War for Texas Independence
Who are the 49ers?
California gold rushers
What was the Trail of Tears?
Forced removal of American Indians to the Oklahoma
territory (Indian territory); mainly Cherokee
What treaty ended the Mexican War?
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
What did Henry David Thoreau write?
Civil Disobedience – later MLK will be influenced by it
What was the name of writers who believed in a
Transcendentalists
back to nature movement and focused on the
Emerson was their leader
individual’s importance in a group?
Thoreau was one
What land did the US get in the Treaty of
Southwest region of the US (CA, NM, AZ, NE, CO)
Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
What is sectionalism?
Love of region over nation’s interests
What is nationalism?
Love of country over region’s interests
7
1. 2nd Bank of the US, 2. Tariffs, 3. internal
American System
improvements
What was the economic program that included the
American System
building of the Erie Canal?
Why was the Industrial Revolution important?
Allowed Northern factories to build up
Who invented the steel plow?
John Deere
Who invented the mechanical reaper?
Cyrus McCormick
Who invented the steam boat?
Robert Fulton
Who invented the telegraph?
Samuel Morse
What was the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?
The Federal government (National Bank) cannot be
taxed by a state institution (federal law is supreme)
What does “Cotton is king” refer to?
Southern economy
Stated that the Western Hemisphere was a no
Monroe Doctrine – added to by Teddy Roosevelt with
interference zone for Europe.
the Roosevelt Corollary
Killed the 2nd Bank of the US by using pet banks.
Andrew Jackson
South Carolina believed they had this right, which
States Rights
is why they threatened to nullify the Tariff of
Abominations.
How did President Jackson respond to South
Do it and die – enforced the tariff and made SC back
Carolina’s threat of secession in the 1830s?
down from secession
Helped the mentally ill. Added prison reform too
Dorothea Dix
8
Wanted educational reform.
Horace Mann
Organized Seneca Falls Convention.
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Organized Seneca Falls Convention.
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Issued the Declaration of Sentiments.
Seneca Falls Convention
What was the topic of conversation at Seneca Falls?
Women’s suffrage (voting rights)
He believed in a violent and immediate end to
William Lloyd Garrison
slavery.
He believed in a nonviolent and peaceful end to
Frederick Douglass
slavery.
He wrote The North Star.
Frederick Douglass
He wrote The Liberator.
William Lloyd Garrison
These people formed this political party to oppose
Whigs
President Jackson’s policies.
These people formed this political party to support
Democrat
presidential candidate and hopeful Andrew Jackson.
What did Jackson called the Election of 1824?
Corrupt bargain because he had the most popular votes
Who won the Election of 1824?
John Q. Adams
What was the Panic of 1819?
Recession
What does antebellum mean?
Pre-Civil War
Because of this slave’s rebellion, the South formed
Black Codes, which later became Jim Crow Laws.
Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion
9
Goal 3
Civil War
Chart the causes of the Civil War by determining which causes are long term and which are short term. Then
explain each cause.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
John Brown’s raid
Extension of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
State’s rights
Dred Scott decision
Southern States secede
Sectionalism
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Lincoln’s election
Long Term
Extension of slavery
People questioned which is why the Missouri
Compromise was created in 1820 and the
Compromise of 1850
Sectionalism
People began to feel that their region’s interests like
slavery and tariffs were more important that the
nation’s interests
State’s rights
1st saw this with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
2nd time with South Carolina Nullification Crisis 1832
3rd time in 1860 with the Election of Lincoln
Short Term
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
By Harriet Beecher Stowe
Published in 1852
Showed separation of slave families
Northerners join Abolition Movement
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Allowed popular sovereignty to determine slave
or free state status
Led to Bleeding Kansas and Brooks-Sumner
Incident
Formation of Republican Party
Dred Scott decision
Ruled that a slave was property and not a citizen
Overturned Missouri Compromise
Slavery can expand which angers Abolitionists
John Brown’s raid
Abolitionist who wanted to army slaves and start
a rebellion
failed
Lincoln’s election in 1860
Wanted to stop the expansion of slavery
South Carolina leaves the United States
Southern States secede
CSA formed
Put the following in chronological order:
4. Gettysburg
1. Fort Sumter
3. Vicksburg
1
2. Bull Run
5. Appomattox Courthouse
A. Draw a square around the one where the surrender took place.
B. Put a star above the one that split the Confederacy and gave the Union control of the Mississippi
C. Circle the one that started the Civil War
D. Draw a triangle around the one that was a turning point of the war, 3 day battle that ended any hope of the
South invading the North
E. Put the number 1 over first major battle of the war, the war was going to be longer than expected
F. What was the name of the plan devised by Winfield Scott, to divide the south in two? Anaconda Plan
10
Reconstruction Review Quiz
Using your new testing strategies, circle the correct answer.
1. In 1870, a black minister observed that “the Republican Party had done the Negro good but they were doing
themselves good at the same time”, a statement best explained by which of the following?
A. implementation of the Anaconda plan
B. promise of “40 acres and a mule”
C. passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
C. provisions of Congressional Reconstruction
2. During Reconstruction, which agency gave food and clothes to former slaves and needy whites?
A. Salvation Army
B. Freedmen’s Bureau
C. American Red Cross
D. Daughters of the Confederacy
3. Presidential and congressional plans of Reconstruction agreed on which of the following?
A. the need to abolish slavery
B. the distribution of land to freed slaves
C. the military occupation of the
D. the enactment of laws to prevent freed
former Confederacy
slaves from voting
4. What was an effect of “Jim Crow” laws?
A. expanded rights for minorities
B. improved race relations in the South
C. enfranchisement of freedmen
D. separated races in public facilities
5. Which statement best describes the immediate and long-term effects of Reconstruction?
A. After 1865, bitterness between the North and South continued
B. When the Civil war ended, all problems between the formerly warring regions were resolved
C. Many Southerners who had supported the Confederacy earlier surrendered all their political differenced and
embraced Federalism
D. Many Northerners was the South as having caused the Civil War and wanted to punish Southerners
6. Which president ended Reconstruction?
A. Rutherford B. Hayes
B. Ulysses S. Grant
C. Andrew Johnson
C. Chester A. Arthur
7. What name was given to white Southerners who supported radical Reconstruction?
A. carpetbaggers
B. scalawags
C. Copperheads
D. Klansmen
8. Poor whites and freed slaves had all of the following in common except which one?
A. Both were denied the right to vote because of literacy tests
B. Very few worked their way out of debt to land owners
C. The majority worked as sharecroppers
D. Large numbers of both groups eventually migrated north to find employment
9. The black codes
A. were imposed by Congress on the ex-Confederate states
B. guaranteed such basic liberties as freedom of movement and employment, the right to testify in court, and
the use of public facilities
C. returned some former slaves to bondage
D. were laws passes by the southern states after the Civil War to keep blacks as semi-free cheap labor
11
10. The Emancipation Proclamation
A. freed the slaves and abolished slavery in all the states of the Union and the Confederacy
B. freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the United States but not in areas that remained loyal
C. was formulated by the Radical Republicans and issued by Lincoln despite his strong personal objections
D. convinced England and France to enter the war on behalf of the Union in order to win the crusade against
slavery
11. What was the intent of the 14th Amendment?
A. to ensure the rights of black to own, use, and protect property
B. to provide “due process of law” for all American citizens
C. to protect and promote big business
D. to abolish slavery
12. All of the following were methods to keep blacks from voting except which one?
A. the Fifteenth Amendment
B. the poll tax
C. the literacy tests
D. the activities of the Ku Klux Klan
Directions: Fill in the chart about Reconstruction.
Name the President(s).
Supported the 13th
Amendment?
Supported the 14th
Amendment?
Supported the 15th
Amendment?
Which was forgiving?
Which was harsh?
Which was the shortest one?
Which one was the longest
one?
Military occupation of the
South?
Which created the
Freemen’s Bureau?
Which signed the
Compromise of 1877?
Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln
Johnson
Radical Reconstruction
Johnson
Grant
Hayes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Presidential
Radical
Presidential
Radical
Radical
Radical
Radical
12
Goal 3 – Total Recall
What did popular sovereignty mean?
Voting on allowing slavery in an area
What was the abolition movement?
Tried to end slavery
Who was the abolitionist that wanted the end of
William Lloyd Garrison
slavery even if violence was necessary?
Who was the abolitionist who was a former slave who
Frederick Douglass
was willing to compromise to free slaves?
Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
Radical abolitionist responsible for “Bleeding Kansas”
John Brown
and the raid on Harper’s Ferry?
Attempt to arm slaves and a short term cause of the
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
Civil War?
What are the four parts of the Compromise of 1850?
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act call for?
1. California becomes a free state
2. popular sovereignty will determine future status of
new states from the Mexican War
3. Fugitive Slave Act
4. no slave trade in D.C.
Popular sovereignty
How did Southerners feel about abolitionists?
They hated them
Why did the Republican Party form?
Because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Who was the 1st Republican Party President?
Lincoln
What was the ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Slaves are not citizens, they are property
What did the ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford overturn?
Missouri Compromise
How did Abraham Lincoln feel about slavery in the
Did not want it to expand
Lincoln-Douglas Debates?
How did Stephan Douglas feel about slavery?
Issued the Freeport Doctrine stating that if no laws
were created to protect slavery then it can’t exist
13
Why were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates important?
Lincoln became well-known and will be a Republican
candidate in 1860
Who was elected to be President in 1860?
Lincoln
What happened after Lincoln was elected?
South Carolina seceded
What was the Confederate States of America?
Southern states that had left the United States
Who was the President of the CSA?
Jefferson Davis
Who was the President of the US during the Civil
Lincoln
War?
What was the spark that started the Civil War?
Firing on Fort Sumter
What was the first battle of the Civil War?
1st Battle of Bull Run
What was the single bloodiest battle in the Civil War?
Battle of Antietam
What was the name of the battle that was the turning
Battle of Gettysburg
point of the Civil War?
Name the three parts to the Anaconda Plan.
Name the battle in which the Union captured the
1. blockade the all Southern ports
2. seize control of the Mississippi River and divide
south in half
3. scorched earth policy – burn the South
Battle of Vicksburg
Mississippi River.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Freed slaves in the seceded/rebellious states
What was the Gettysburg Address about?
Reaffirmed the Union’s purpose in fighting the Civil
War
Who were copperheads?
Peace Democrats – wanted the US to let the South
secede
Why did Lincoln suspend the writ of habeas corpus?
To keep the border states (Maryland) in the US
Where did the Civil War end?
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
General in the US Army
Who was Robert E. Lee?
General in the Confederate Army
14
How did President Lincoln die?
Assassinated
Who shot President Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth
Who became President after Lincoln’s assassination?
Andrew Johnson
What was Presidential Reconstruction?
Forgiving
Who was Thaddeus Stevens?
Leader of the Radical Republicans
What was the Tenure of Office Act?
Said that Congress was in charge of Reconstruction
not the President
How was the Tenure of Office Act used against
President Johnson?
Who was in control of Reconstruction during
Johnson fired Radical Republican Stanton, which was
illegal due to the Tenure of Office Act
Congress
Congressional Reconstruction?
Who were Radical Republicans?
Members of the Republican Party who wanted to
punish the South
th
13 Amendment?
Abolishment of slavery (free)
14th Amendment?
Gave citizenship to all people born in US (citizens)
15th Amendment?
Voting rights (vote)
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments called?
Reconstruction Amendments
What ended Reconstruction?
Compromise of 1877
Southern supporters of Reconstruction?
Scalawags
Northerners who moved to the South during
Reconstruction?
What are Jim Crow Laws?
Carpetbaggers
What does Solid South mean?
Democratic party ruled in South
Who are the KKK?
White supremacist organization
Segregation laws
15
Goal 4 Review
Directions: You are going to play Tic-Tac-Toe. Identify three boxes that are connected (meaning these three
items are like each other). Then give the chart a proper name based on the other items in it.
Chart Name:
There are two possible Tic-Tac-Toe lines for this chart. Identify both.
Barbed Wire
Steel Plow
Sod Houses
Farmers
Refrigerated Cars
Migration
Railroads
Oklahoma Land Rush
Cattle
Summarize 1st Tic-Tac-Toe.
The invention of barb wire ended the open ranger. It allowed farmers to fence in their cattle.
Summarize 2nd Tic-Tac-Toe.
The invention of the refrigerated car for the railroad helped farmers ship goods safely to the west.
Chart Name:
Playing four corners for this Tic-Tac-Toe board.
Rebates
Ranches
Eastern Markets
Eastern Businesses
Interstate Commerce Act
Vertical Integration
Growing Discontent of Farmers
Laissez-Faire
Grange
Explain the relationship with all these corners.
The Grange was created by discontent (unhappy) farmers due to rebates that the railroad was giving to
politicians. The ICC was created to regulate railroad rates.
Chart Name:
Create a T for this Tic-Tac-Toe board.
Horizontal Integration
Laissez-Faire
Sod Houses
Cooperatives
Refrigerated Cars
Vertical Integration
Big Business
Oklahoma Land Rush
Cattle
Create a sentence explaining the T chart and how their related.
Big Business used horizontal and vertical integration and cooperatives to increase their wealth and power
during a time period when the government used laissez-faire economic theory.
16
Goal 4 - The Great West
1. The Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862 gave state governments land with which to build agricultural colleges.
2. The Homestead Act of 1862 offered settlers 160 acres of public land which became theirs after living on the land
for five years.
3. African Americans who migrated to Kansas in the late 1870’s were called exodusters.
4. At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer and his detachment were killed by the
Sioux in 1876.
5. The last major conflict with the Plains Native Americans took place in 1890 when over 200 unarmed Sioux were
killed by soldiers of the 7th Calvary at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
6. When whites moved west they destroyed buffalo which impacted American Indians
by destroying their way of life.
7. Barb wire ended the era of the open range.
8. Farmers were instrumental in forming the Populist party in the 1890’s. Their party called for bimetallism,
shorter working hours, secret ballot, graduated income tax, and government ownership of the railroad
system.
9. William Jennings Bryan supported the farmers desire for a silver standard in his famous Cross of Gold
speech.
10. Helen Hunt Jackson wrote “Century of Dishonor” in which she criticized the US government’s history of
breaking treaties.
11. The Dawes Act encouraged Native Americans to become farmers. It was intended to help/assimilate Native
Americans by breaking up reservations and distributing land to individuals.
12. The Chinese and Irish immigrants were instrumental in helping build the
Transcontinental Railroad.
13. The Populist Party’s platform will be continued with the Progressive Movement
.
14.
John Deere invented the steel plow.
15. Homestead Act of 1862 motivated people to move west.
17
Why did the Mormons move West?
Goal 4 – Total Recall
Religious freedom
Gave farmers 160 acres of land if they would settle it
for 5 years and pay a tax on it.
Built these because there was no timber?
Sod houses
Last big land giveaway by the government?
Oklahoma Land Giveaway
These people moved West to get rich quick?
Gold rushers
Built the railroads?
Chinese immigrants
Built the railroads?
Irish immigrants
Connected the East and West and allowed for faster
transportation of goods?
Place where the Transcontinental Railroad met in
1869.
Final battle between the federal government and
Native Americans?
Written by Helen Hunt Jackson discussing the
mistreatment of Native Americans?
Broke up reservation systems to give individual plots
of land to Native Americans?
Source of food, clothing, and all livelihood for Native
Americans?
African-Americans who hunted down the buffalo?
Transcontinental railroad
Created by discontent farmers, which led to the
creation of the Interstate Commerce Act?
1st time government regulated big business?
Called for bimetallism, 8 hour workday, railroad
regulations, direct election of Senators, and restrict
immigration?
Political Party that influenced the Progressive
Movement (goal 7)?
Wanted bimetallism in the Election of 1896 and
claimed that farmers were being crucified on a “cross
of gold”?
Ended the open range?
Dug for water because it pumped the water out the
ground?
Homestead Act of 1862
Promontory Point, Utah
Battle of Wounded Knee
Century of Dishonor
Dawes Act
Buffalo
Buffalo soldiers
Grange
Interstate Commerce Act
Omaha Platform by the Populist Party
Populist Party
William Jennings Bryan
Barb Wire
Windmills
18
Goal 5 – Industry and Immigration
Terms:
Andrew Carnegie
Haymarket Riot
Eugene V. Debs
Yellow-dog contract
Pullman Strike
Political machines
Social Darwinism
Arbitration
Chinese Exclusion Act Boss Tweed
Recall/Referendum/Initiative/Primary
This description
Formed in 1869, opened to skilled and unskilled
workers, goals for shorter workday, equal pay and end
to child labor.
Banned the formation of trusts and monopolies, it was
too weak to be effective.
Organized by Samuel Gompers, was open to skilled
workers only.
Knights of Labor
John D. Rockefeller
JP Morgan
Social Gospel
Sherman Anti-trust Injunction
American Federation of Labor
Equals
This term
Knights of Labor
=
=
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
=
American Federation of Labor
Workers clashed with strikebreakers, police killed some
workers, anarchists blamed.
1st law to exclude a national group from immigrating to
the US.
=
Haymarket Riot
=
Chinese Exclusion Act
Andrew Carnegie’s idea that the rich had a duty to help
the poor and improve society.
Employee agrees not to be union member.
=
Gospel of Wealth
=
Yellow-dog contract
Controlled all phases of the steel industry by using
vertical integration.
=
Andrew Carnegie
Wealth was a measure of one’s inherent value and
those who have it are the most “fit”. Survival of the
fittest.
Corrupt political boss cheated New York city out of
millions of dollars, head of Tammany Hall.
Union leader, organized American Railway Union, led
the Pullman Strike, went to jail and, ran for president
several times.
The most influential and powerful finance capitalist,
bought Carnegies steel company.
Created Standard Oil trust by slashing prices and
driving out the competition, which created a monopoly
of the oil industry.
All of these allowed voters to participate in government.
=
Social Darwinism
=
Boss Tweed
=
Eugene Debs
=
J.P. Morgan
=
J.D. Rockefeller
=
Recall/Referendum/Initiative/Primary
Were able to gain power in cities, popular with the poor,
provided jobs in exchange for votes.
Halted railroad traffic, President Cleveland sent in
federal troops, Debs was jailed.
Negotiate with management in front of one or more
persons.
=
Political machines
=
Pullman Strike
=
Arbitration
19
Voters select their candidate.
=
Primary
Voters can propose legislation.
=
Initiative
Voters can vote on bills directly.
=
Referendum
Voters can remove elected officials from office.
=
Recall
A court order
=
Injunction
Directions: Match the industrialists with the industry.
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Cornelius Vanderbilt
J.P. Morgan
C
B
A
D
A.
B.
C.
D.
controlled the banking/financing industry
controlled the steel industry
controlled the oil industry
controlled the railroad industry
Directions: Match the tools used by industrialist to control their industry by writing their name next to
the term’s description.
Term
Monopoly
Trust
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Description
Complete control of an industry
Complete control of one aspect of
an industry
Known as a monopoly
Known as a trust
Industrialist
Carnegie
Rockefeller
Carnegie
Rockefeller
Directions: Fill in the blanks.
1. Jacob Riis
took pictures of urban slums and published them in
.
his work, How the Other Half Lives
2. The two names given to the industrialists are Robber Barons
.
and Captains of Industry
3. Robber Baron
was a negative name for the industrialists.
4. Captains of Industry
was a positive name for the industrialists.
5. The Interstate Commerce Act
was the first time the government intervened with a private
industry by regulating it. This led to many reforms of the railroad industry.
6. The tools used by unions were collective bargaining , strikes
, and
closed shops.
7. The tools used by big business/industrialists were yellow dog contracts
injunctions, and scabs
,
.
8. The problem with monopolies and trusts were that they stopped the free-market economy.
20
Goal 5 – Total Recall
Who was Rockefeller?
Oil baron
Who was Carnegie?
Steel baron
Who was J.P. Morgan?
Banking
Who was Vanderbilt?
Railroads
Called this because they stole their wealth by using
corrupt business practices?
Called this because they manipulated the economy to
suit their own needs and became rich for it?
What was the Knights of Labor?
Robber barons
What kind of labor did the Knights of Labor allow in?
Unskilled and trade
What led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor?
Haymarket Riot/Square
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Labor union
Who led the AFL?
Samuel Gompers
Why was the AFL successful?
Used strikes effectively
What kind of labor did the AFL only allow to join?
Skilled and craft
What is a strike?
Refusal to work
This is a belief that states that the rich are smarter and
harder workers than the poor. It was used to justify
the Robber Barons/Captains of Industries actions.
This was a belief by Carnegie in which the rich should
give back to the poor?
Government creates this to regulate trusts.
Social Darwinism
Problem with this is that it did not spell out what a
trust?
The Grange created this?
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
1st time the government regulated private industry?
Interstate Commerce Act
Belief that people born in America are superior to
those who immigrated here?
Place where immigrants lived?
Nativism
Took pictures and published “How the Other Half
Lives”?
Creator of settlement houses?
Jacob Riis
Used against striking workers?
Scabs
3rd party with no association to the labor disputes
negotiates an end to the dispute?
Signed by workers promising they would not join a
union.
Bad working conditions, low wages, and long hours
led to?
Arbitration
Captains of Industry
Labor union
Social Gospel
/
Gospel of Wealth
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Interstate Commerce Act
Tenements/Urban slums/Ghettos
Jane Addams
Yellow-dog contract
Unions
21
Goal 6 - Becoming a World Power
1. The policy in which stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations is called imperialism.
The main reason the US became involved in this policy in the late 1800’s was to expand borders
.
2. The need for refueling and repair stations in the Pacific Ocean led to the US to annex the uninhabited Marshal
Islands in 1867. During this same time, the US purchased Alaska
from Russia.
overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893; and was later annexed by
3. White sugar plantation owners in Hawaii
the US in 1898.
4. In this book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, Alfred Mahan
in order to protect new markets abroad.
the size and power of it’s navy
5. US sugar interests in Hawaii
US
encouraged the US to increase
were threatened when the inhabitants there rebelled against rule by the
in 1895.
6. The USS Maine
was sent to protect US citizens & property there and in 1898, it exploded in Havana
harbor, killing over 250 US sailors. The American public blamed Spain for the disaster and called for war. Before
declaring war, Congress passed the Teller Amendment which stated that the US would help Cuba win its
independence
7. The Spanish-American war was fought in the Philippines where Admiral George Dewey destroyed Spain’s fleet in
Manila Bay, and in Cuba where Teddy Roosevelt
organized a group called the Rough Riders. This unit was
involved in the conquest which helped lead to Spain’s surrender
8. The treaty following the Spanish-American War, the US gained control of the Philippines, Guam & Puerto
Rico.
9. The Filipinos did not want to be controlled by the US and rebelled . The US promised the Filipinos their
independence later, which it received.
10. In 1899, Secretary of State, John Hayes,
sent letters to the major powers of Europe that had spheres of
influence in China. In these letters, he asked them to keep an Open Door
policy with regard to
trade
11. In 1900, a secret anti–foreigner society in China rebelled against influence in the Boxer rebellion
12. The US bought a canal project started by France in Panama.
13. Theodore Roosevelt believed that the US should “speak softly and carry a big stick’. To him, the “big stick” was the
US military
.
14. The Roosevelt Corollary
was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine which stated that the US would be a police force
in Latin America to ensure that these countries paid any debts owed to European nations.
15. Not all Americans believed the US should become involved in expansionism. Prominent figures such as William
Jennings Bryan, Jane Addams, Mark Twain & Andrew Carnegie supported the Anti-Imperialism
League.
22
Visual Review of Goal 6
Directions: Identify the picture with the appropriate event or policy in Goal 6 Imperialism.
Visual Representation
Event/Policy
Explanation
Annexation of Hawaii
Sugar planters overthrew the Queen and
took over the island. President
McKinley annexed Hawaii in 1898.
Purchase of Alaska
Seward’s Folly – US purchased Alaska
from Russia in 1867. Many Americans
thought it was a mistake.
Spanish-American War
USS Maine blew up in the Havana
Harbor, Cuba. US blamed Spain and the
war started. US gained Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico in the Treaty of
Paris.
Panama Canal
US got the people of Panama to rebel
against Nicaragua promising them help
in exchange for the canal zone. US built
the Panama Canal in order to reduce
trade and military response time.
Big Stick Diplomacy
TR’s policy dealing with Latin America
and the Caribbean. US will use force to
ensure payment in this region. US will
be the policemen of the world to ensure
safety for the US.
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft’s policy in Latin America and Asia.
He encouraged business men to invest in
these regions. American businesses
built railroads in China and Latin
America.
Moral/Missionary Diplomacy
Wilson’s policy in Latin America. Said
that the US should promote democracy
and Christian morals.
23
Goal 6 – Total Recall
What was imperialism?
Belief of building an empire by taking over weaker nations
What does white man’s burden mean?
White men are responsible for teaching and guiding nonwhites (racial superiority)
Author of Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Build up navy to become a superpower
The Significance of the American Frontier Upon History
Said that US should expand borders overseas because the
west was over
Annex
Imperialism
Who was Alfred T. Mahan?
What did Mahan recommend?
What did Frederick Jackson Turner write?
What did Turner’s book talk about?
How did the US get Hawaii?
Name one cause of the Spanish-American
War.
Name one cause of the Spanish-American
War.
What treaty ended the Spanish-American
War?
What did “splendid little war” mean?
What did Seward’s Folly refer to?
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s policy in
Latin America?
What was Taft’s policy in dealing with
Latin America?
What was Wilson’s policy in dealing with
Latin America?
What does “walk softly, but carry a big
stick” refer to?
Name the imperialist Presidents.
What land did the US annex in 1898?
Explosion of USS Maine
Treaty of Paris
Refers to Spanish-American War - US got Puerto Rico, Cuba,
and Guam
Purchase of Alaska
Roosevelt Corollary / Big Stick Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy
Missionary/Moral Diplomacy
Big Stick Diplomacy
McKinley, TR, Taft, Wilson
Hawaii
24