Citing Your Sources
Chicago Style (2010)
for the SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
www.langara.bc.ca/library/research-help/citing-help/index.html
This guide provides examples of endnotes and bibliographic entries for citing the types of sources most
commonly used by students in the School of Management. It follows the 16th edition of The Chicago Manual
of Style (Z 253 U69 2010) as closely as possible. Some entries have been adapted to suit the needs of Langara
students and instructors.
GENERAL NOTES ON CHICAGO STYLE

Endnotes
o In Chicago notes/bibliography style, references to quotations and paraphrases are provided in notes,
preferably supplemented by a bibliography.
o Endnotes are listed on a separate page at the end of the report. They are numbered consecutively,
beginning with the number 1.
o In the text of the report, a note number (superscript) is placed at the end of a sentence or at the end
of a clause. The number follows any punctuation mark except for the dash, which it precedes.
A MarketLine report indicates that the Canadian beer industry generated total revenues of $12
billion in 2011, and is expected to reach $12.5 billion by 2016.1
o
Each note number corresponds to an endnote that provides bibliographic information and page
number(s) cited for each source. The numbers in the notes are full size (not superscript) and
followed by a period. Indent the first line of the note 0.5 inch from the left margin and align the
subsequent line(s) with the left margin. For example:
1. MarketLine, Beer in Canada, February 2013, 7, Business Source Complete.

Shortened notes
o When citing the same source not immediately after you first cited it in full, you may create a short
note that includes: corporate author (or author’s last name), main title of the work (usually
shortened if more than four words), and the specific page(s) cited. For example:
5. MarketLine, Beer in Canada, 11.
o
When citing the same source immediately after you cited it in either full or short form, you may cite
it with the abbreviation “Ibid.” and page number(s) if they are different. (“Ibid.” is Latin for “in the
same place.”) For example:
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 15-16.

Bibliography
o A bibliography is a list of all the sources cited in the notes. The entries are arranged alphabetically
by the last names of the authors (or by the title, if no author or editor is given).
o The bibliography appears at the end of the report, after the endnotes, if any.
o Begin each entry flush with the left margin, and indent the subsequent line(s) 0.5 inch from the left
margin.
J:\LIBRARY\Common\Reference\Reference area docs\Citing documents\Chicago\Citing_Your_Sources_in_Chicago_Style_January-2014.docx
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EXAMPLES OF CITATIONS
You may not always find guidelines or examples specific to the kind of source you want to cite. Keep in mind
that the intent of the notes/bibliography of your report is to give enough information for the reader to locate the
works. Do the best you can, and make sure the format of all your citations is consistent. When in doubt, err on
the side of more rather than fewer details.
Annual Reports (Online)
Mergent Online
Endnote
1. Loblaw, 2013 Annual Report, 45, Mergent Online.
Bibliography
Loblaw. 2013 Annual Report. Mergent Online.
Company Website
Endnote
2. TELUS, 2012 Annual Report, 36, http://about.telus.com/investors
/annualreport2012/files/pdf/en/ar.pdf.
Bibliography
TELUS. 2012 Annual Report. http://about.telus.com/investors/annualreport2012
/files/pdf/en/ar.pdf.
Articles (Print)
Journal article
Endnote
3. Suraksha Gupta, Michael Czinkota, and T. C. Melewar, “Embedding
Knowledge and Value of a Brand into Sustainability for Differentiation,” Journal of
World Business 48, no. 3 (2013): 290.
Bibliography
Gupta, Suraksha, Michael Czinkota, and T. C. Melewar. “Embedding Knowledge and
Value of a Brand into Sustainability for Differentiation.” Journal of World
Business 48, no. 3 (2013): 287-96.
Magazine article
Endnote
4. Ryan Stuart, “Pipe (Dreams),” BC Business, February 2013, 51.
Bibliography
Stuart, Ryan. “Pipe (Dreams).” BC Business, February 2013, 44-55.
Articles (Online)
Journal article from
a library database
Endnote
5. Denis G. Arnold and Andres Valentin, “Corporate Social Responsibility at
the Base of the Pyramid,” Journal of Business Research 66, no. 10 (2013): 1909,
Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
Arnold, Denis G, and Andres Valentin. “Corporate Social Responsibility at the Base of
the Pyramid.” Journal of Business Research 66, no. 10 (2013): 1904-14.
Business Source Complete.
2
Magazine article
from a library
database
Endnote
6. Crystal Lindell, “Private Label Chocolate, Candy Stands Up to
Competition,” Private Label Buyer, March 2013, 29, Business Source Complete.
7. Matthew McClearn, “Good for Canada, Not the Oilsands,” Canadian
Business, May 13, 2013, 11, CBCA Business.
Bibliography
Lindell, Crystal. “Private Label Chocolate, Candy Stands Up to Competition.” Private
Label Buyer, March 2013, 26-31. Business Source Complete.
McClearn, Matthew. “Good for Canada, Not the Oilsands.” Canadian Business, May
13, 2013, 11-12. CBCA Business.
Magazine article
from the Web
Endnote
8. Geoff Colvin, “Questions for Starbucks’ Chief Bean Counter,” Fortune
Magazine, November 21, 2013, http://money.cnn.com/2013/11/21/leadership/starbucks
-troy-alstead.pr.fortune.
Bibliography
Colvin, Geoff. “Questions for Starbucks’ Chief Bean Counter.” Fortune Magazine,
November 21, 2013. http://money.cnn.com/2013/11/21/leadership/starbucks
-troy-alstead.pr.fortune.
Newspaper article
from a library
database
Endnote
9. Marina Strauss, “The Black Friday Balancing Act: How Deep Discounts Pay
Off,” Globe and Mail, November 29, 2013, Canadian Newsstand.
Bibliography
Strauss, Marina. “The Black Friday Balancing Act: How Deep Discounts Pay Off.”
Globe and Mail, November 29, 2013. Canadian Newsstand.
News article from
the Web
Endnote
10. Dennis K. Berman, “Is a Peanut Butter Pop-Tart an Innovation?” Wall
Street Journal, December 3, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles
/SB10001424052702304854804579236601411310502.
Bibliography
Berman, Dennis K. “Is a Peanut Butter Pop-Tart an Innovation?” Wall Street Journal,
December 3, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles
/SB10001424052702304854804579236601411310502.
Books (Print)
One to three
authors
Endnote
11. Jonathan M. Estes, Smart Green: How to Implement Sustainable Business
Practices in Any Industry and Make Money (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009), 96-7.
12. Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement
without Giving In, 2nd ed. (New York: Penguin, 1991), 131.
13. Michael Solomon, Katherine White, and Darren W. Dah, Consumer
Behaviour: Buying, Having, and Being, 6th Canadian ed. (Toronto: Pearson Education
Canada, 2014), 259.
Bibliography
Estes, Jonathan M. Smart Green: How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in
Any Industry and Make Money. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.
3
Fisher, Roger, and William Ury. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving
In. 2nd ed. New York: Penguin, 1991.
Solomon, Michael, Katherine White, and Darren W. Dah. Consumer Behaviour:
Buying, Having, and Being. 6th Canadian ed. Toronto: Pearson Education
Canada, 2014.
Four to ten authors
Endnote
14. Charles W. Lamb, Jr. et al., Marketing, 5th Canadian ed. (Toronto: Nelson
Education, 2012), 166-73.
Bibliography
Lamb, Charles W., Jr., Joseph F. Hair, Jr., Carl McDaniel, A. J. Faria, and William J.
Wellington. Marketing. 5th Canadian ed. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2012.
Chapter or titled
part of a book
Endnote
15. Andrew T. Kaczynski and Luke R. Potwarka, “Marketing Recreation and
Leisure Services,” in Leisure for Canadians, ed. Ron McCarville and Kelly MacKay
(State College, PA: Venture, 2007), 300.
Bibliography
Kaczynski, Andrew T., and Luke R. Potwarka. “Marketing Recreation and Leisure
Services.” In Leisure for Canadians, edited by Ron McCarville and Kelly
MacKay, 295-306. State College, PA: Venture, 2007.
Books (Online)
From ebrary
Endnote
16. Peter N. Nemetz, Business and the Sustainability Challenge: An Integrated
Perspective (New York: Routledge, 2013), 10, ebrary.
Bibliography
Nemetz, Peter N. Business and the Sustainability Challenge: An Integrated Perspective.
New York: Routledge, 2013. ebrary.
Case Studies
Distributed in class
Endnote
17. Matthew Thomson and Kendra Hart, Pop Shoppe (A) (London, ON: Ivey
Publishing, 2011), 3.
Bibliography
Thomson, Matthew, and Kendra Hart. Pop Shoppe (A). London, ON: Ivey Publishing,
2011.
Company Profiles (Online)
Business Source
Complete
Endnote
18. MarketLine, “Indigo Books & Music, Inc.,” Company Profile, May 24,
2013, 13, Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
MarketLine. “Indigo Books & Music, Inc.” Company Profile, May 24, 2013. Business
Source Complete.
4
Hoover’s Company
Profiles
Endnote
19. “Purdy’s Chocolates,” Hoover’s Company Records, December 1, 2013,
Hoover’s Company Profiles.
Bibliography
“Purdy’s Chocolates.” Hoover’s Company Records, December 1, 2013. Hoover’s
Company Profiles.
Mergent Online
Endnote
20. “Canadian Tire Corp., Ltd.: Company Financials,” accessed January 6,
2014, Mergent Online.
Bibliography
“Canadian Tire Corp., Ltd.: Company Financials.” Accessed January 6, 2014. Mergent
Online.
Industry Reports (Online)
Business Source
Complete
Endnote
21. MarketLine, “Carbonated Soft Drinks in Canada,” MarketLine Industry
Profile, August 2013, 8, Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
MarketLine. “Carbonated Soft Drinks in Canada.” MarketLine Industry Profile, August
2013. Business Source Complete.
Mergent Online
Endnote
22. Mergent, “Food & Beverage Sectors: North America,” Company and
Industry Analysis, December 2013, 15, Mergent Online.
Bibliography
Mergent. “Food & Beverage Sectors: North America.” Company and Industry Analysis,
December 2013. Mergent Online.
Interviews and Personal Communications
Note:
The following are best cited in text or in notes, and rarely listed in a bibliography:
 Unpublished interviews, such as interviews conducted for course projects;
 Conversations, including face-to-face and by phone;
 Email and text messages, letters, and the like.
Unpublished
interviews
Endnote
23. John Smith (Marketing Director, BBA Enterprises), interview by Emily
Moore, November 18, 2013.
24. Interview with BBA Enterprises employee, October 20, 2013.
(Note: An interview with a person who prefers to remain anonymous may be cited in
notes without identifying information.)
Personal
communications
Endnote
25. Mary Johnson, email message to author, September 30, 2013.
26. Robert Williams, telephone conversation with team member, Linda Jones,
November 2, 2013.
5
Market Research Reports (Online)
MarketResearch.com
Academic
Endnote
27. Norman Deschamps, Gluten-Free Foods in Canada (Rockville, MD:
Packaged Facts, August 2013), 28-9, MarketResearch.com Academic.
Bibliography
Deschamps, Norman. Gluten-Free Foods in Canada. Rockville, MD: Packaged Facts,
August 2013. MarketResearch.com Academic.
Market Share Reporter (Online)
From Gale
Directory Library
Endnote
28. “Top Ice Cream Brands, 2012,” in Market Share Reporter, ed. Robert S.
Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III (Detroit: Gale, 2014), Gale Directory Library.
Bibliography
“Top Ice Cream Brands, 2012.” In Market Share Reporter, edited by Robert S. Lazich
and Virgil L. Burton, III. Detroit: Gale, 2014. Gale Directory Library.
Media
DVD
Endnote
29. Inside the Meltdown, directed by Michael Kirk (Boston: WGBH
Educational Foundation, 2009), DVD.
Bibliography
Inside the Meltdown. Directed by Michael Kirk. Boston: WGBH Educational
Foundation, 2009. DVD.
Streaming videos
from the library
Endnote
30. Supermarkets: Aisles of Persuasion, directed by Kevin McCarthy (Chicago,
IL: Learning Seed, 2012), streaming video, 26:24, http://twist.langara.bc.ca/record
=b1315342~S1.
31. Paul Solman, “Benefit Corporations Aim to Make a Profit, and a Positive
Impact: February 29, 2012,” PBS NewsHour (Arlington, VA: Macneil-Lehrer
Productions, 2012), streaming video, 8:17, VAST: Academic Video Online.
Bibliography
Supermarkets: Aisles of Persuasion. Directed by Kevin McCarthy. Chicago, IL:
Learning Seed, 2012. Streaming video, 26:24. http://twist.langara.bc.ca/record
=b1315342~S1.
Solman, Paul. “Benefit Corporations Aim to Make a Profit, and a Positive Impact:
February 29, 2012.” PBS NewsHour. Arlington, VA: Macneil-Lehrer
Productions, 2012. Streaming video, 8:17. VAST: Academic Video Online.
YouTube videos
Endnote
32. “Molson Canadian – The Canadians,” YouTube video, 1:30, posted by
“MyMolsonCanadian,” February 3, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=8WAsV0HZ0D4.
Bibliography
“Molson Canadian – The Canadians.” YouTube video, 1:30. Posted by
“MyMolsonCanadian.” February 3, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=8WAsV0HZ0D4.
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Statistics Sources (Online)
CANSIM
Endnote
33. Statistics Canada, Table183-0006: Sales of Alcoholic Beverages by Volume,
Value and Per Capita 15 Years and Over, Fiscal Years Ended March 31, Annual,
CANSIM, accessed January 9, 2014, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang
=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1830006&pattern=beer&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=1&p1=1&p2=-1.
Bibliography
Statistics Canada. Table183-0006: Sales of Alcoholic Beverages by Volume, Value and
Per Capita 15 Years and Over, Fiscal Years Ended March 31, Annual.
CANSIM. Accessed January 9, 2014. http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26
?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1830006&pattern=beer&tabMode=dataTable&s
rchLan=-1&p1=1&p2=-1.
Census data via
Statistics Canada
Endnote
34. Statistics Canada, “Census Profile: Vancouver (CMA), British Columbia
and British Columbia,” 2011 Census, released October 24, 2012, http://www12.statcan
.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E.
35. Statistics Canada, “Edmonton,” Age Groups (25) and Sex (3) for the
Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census
Agglomerations, 2011 Census, released May 29, 2012, http://www12.statcan.gc.ca
/global/URLRedirect.cfm?lang =E&ips=98-311-XCB2011025.
Bibliography
Statistics Canada. “Census Profile: Vancouver (CMA), British Columbia and British
Columbia.” 2011 Census. Released October 24, 2012. http://www12.statcan.gc
.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E.
Statistics Canada. “Edmonton.” Age Groups (25) and Sex (3) for the Population of
Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census
Agglomerations, 2011 Census. Released May 29, 2012. http://www12.statcan
.gc.ca/global /URLRedirect.cfm?lang=E&ips=98-311-XCB2011025.
PCensus
Endnote
36. Statistics Canada and MapInfo Canada, “2011 PSYTE HD Market
Segments – PSYTE Clusters: Vancouver Fairview and Vancouver Oakridge,” PCensus
for MapPoint, CD-ROM, version 9.1.3 (Vancouver: Tetrad Computer Applications,
2009).
37. Statistics Canada and MapInfo Canada, “2011 CanEx – Expenditures
Clothing: Burnaby (CY), Surrey (CY), and Vancouver (CMA),” PCensus for MapPoint,
CD-ROM, version 9.1.3 (Vancouver: Tetrad Computer Applications, 2009).
Bibliography
Statistics Canada and MapInfo Canada. “2011 PSYTE HD Market Segments – PSYTE
Clusters: Vancouver Fairview and Vancouver Oakridge.” PCensus for
MapPoint. CD-ROM, version 9.1.3. Vancouver: Tetrad Computer Applications,
2009.
Statistics Canada and MapInfo Canada. “2011 CanEx – Expenditures Clothing:
Burnaby (CY), Surrey (CY), and Vancouver (CMA).” PCensus for MapPoint.
CD-ROM, version 9.1.3. Vancouver: Tetrad Computer Applications, 2009.
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Print Measurement
Bureau (PMB)
Endnote
38. Print Measurement Bureau, “Demographics – Restaurants: Pizza
Restaurant(s) Eat at Most Often,” in PMB 2013 2-Year Fall Database.
Bibliography
Print Measurement Bureau. “Demographics – Restaurants: Pizza Restaurant(s) Eat at
Most Often.” In PMB 2013 2-Year Fall Database.
Web Sources
Note:
When citing pages or documents from the Web:
 Include author (corporate or individual), title of the page (or document), title or owner of
the site, and URL.
 Include an access date only when no date of publication or revision can be determined from
the source.
 For endnotes, include page number(s) only if viewing PDF documents.
Company
information
Endnote
39. Bombardier, “Our Promise Statement,” accessed January 10, 2014,
http://www.bombardier.com/en/about-us/promise-values.html.
Bibliography
Bombardier. “Our Promise Statement.” Accessed January 10, 2014.
http://www.bombardier.com/en/about-us/promise-values.html.
Corporate reports
Endnote
40. BMO Financial Group, 2013 Corporate Responsibility Report, 22,
http://www.bmo.com/cr/images/BMO_CR2013en.pdf.
Bibliography
BMO Financial Group. 2013 Corporate Responsibility Report. http://www.bmo.com/cr
/images/BMO_CR2013en.pdf.
Press releases
Endnote
41. Air Canada, “Air Canada Reports November Load Factor,” press release,
December 4, 2013, http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=722.
Bibliography
Air Canada. “Air Canada Reports November Load Factor.” Press release, December 4,
2013. http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=722.
Webpages/
documents
Endnote
42. Amélie Lafrance, “Are Small Firms More Profitable than Large Firms?”
Statistics Canada, last modified May 2, 2013, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-626-x
/11-626-x2012012-eng.htm.
Bibliography
Lafrance, Amélie. “Are Small Firms More Profitable than Large Firms?” Statistics
Canada. Last modified May 2, 2013. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-626-x
/11-626-x2012012-eng.htm.
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