Chapter 2
Matter
Learning Targets
You will learn the difference between
physical and chemical properties and
changes.
You will learn the classification of matter.
You will learn separation techniques.
Vocabulary-14 words
1. Element
8. Chemical properties
2. Physical properties
9. Gas
3. Compound
10. Chemical change
4. Solid
11. Matter
5. Physical change
12. Liquid
6. Solution
13. Heterogeneous
7. homogeneous
14. Alloy
Physical properties
Physical properties are inherent
characteristics of a substance.
Examples: odor, color, volume, state of
matter, density, melting point, boiling point
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Chemical properties
Chemical properties show the ability to
form new substances.
Examples: the substance will burn in air,
the substance will produce bubbles if
reacted with acid, the substance will
decompose into two chemicals
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Physical changes
Physical changes mean the composition of
a substance is not affected.
Examples: a piece of chalk is stepped on
and becomes powdered, steam from your
shower condenses on a cold mirror,
making a baseball bat out of wood
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Chemical changes
Chemical changes mean a new substance
is formed.
Examples: leaves change color in the fall,
wood burning to ashes, antacid tablet in
water
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Physical/chemical properties
Examples
Classify each of the following as a physical
or a chemical property
– Gallium metal melts in your hand
– Platinum does not react with oxygen at room
temperature
– This page is white
– The copper sheets that form the “skin” of the
Statue of Liberty have acquired a greenish
coating over the years
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Answers
Classify each of the following as a physical
or a chemical property
– Gallium metal melts in your hand (physical
property)
– Platinum does not react with oxygen at room
temperature (chemical property)
– This page is white (physical property)
– The copper sheets that form the “skin” of the
Statue of Liberty have acquired a greenish
coating over the years (chemical property)
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Physical/chemical changes
Examples
Classify each of the following as a
chemical or physical change:
– You make scrambled eggs.
– You step on a piece of chalk and it becomes
powdered.
– You burn a candle when the electricity goes
out.
– Steam from your hot shower condenses on a
cold mirror.
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
Answers
Classify each of the following as a
chemical or physical change:
– You make scrambled eggs. (chemical
change)
– You step on a piece of chalk and it becomes
powdered. (physical change)
– You burn a candle when the electricity goes
out. (chemical change)
– Steam from your hot shower condenses on a
cold mirror. (physical change)
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
What is matter?
has mass and occupies space
Consists of atoms
3 states
– solid: rigid, has fixed shape and volume
– liquid: has fixed volume but assumes
the shape of its container
– gas: no fixed volume or shape
You will learn the classification of matter.
Matter Concept Map
Matter
Pure Substance
Mixture
You will learn the classification of matter.
Matter Concept Map Continued
Pure Substance
Element
Compound
You will learn the classification of matter.
Matter Concept Map Continued
Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Solution
You will learn the classification of matter.
Pure Substance and Mixture
Pure substance-cannot be separated
further by physical means
Mixture-can be separated by physical
means
You will learn the classification of matter.
Matter Concept Map Continued
Pure Substance
Element
Compound
You will learn the classification of matter.
Element and Compound
Element - cannot be separated into
simpler substances
– Examples: oxygen and carbon
– Can see them on the periodic table
Compound – atoms of different elements
chemically combined
– Examples: sodium chloride (NaCl) and
carbon dioxide (CO2)
– Must be chemically taken apart
You will learn the classification of matter.
Matter Concept Map Continued
Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Solution
You will learn the classification of matter.
Homogeneous, heterogeneous and
solution
Homogeneous: the same throughout
– Examples: air, salt water
Heterogeneous: not the same throughout
– Examples: chocolate chip cookie, soil
Solution: a homogeneous mixture
– Similar to homogeneous examples
You will learn the classification of matter.
Separation Techniques
Distillation
– separation process
– water is boiled off,
changed to steam, and
leaves a precipitate.
– steam is collected &
cooled, condensing to
pure water.
Electrolysis
– using an electric
current to drive a nonspontaneous chemical
reaction
– can be used to
separate compounds.
You will learn separation techniques.
Cont.
Filtration
– Separates a liquid
from a solid
– Liquid passes through
filter paper and solid
remains
You will learn separation techniques.
Scenario
You are given a
mixture that contains
oil, water, salt, and
coffee grain. How do
purify the mixture
using the separation
techniques we
discussed?
– Materials to help:
sand, charcoal, and
lab equipment
You will learn separation techniques.
Let’s see what you know …
Chapter 2 Quiz
You will learn the difference between physical and chemical properties and changes.
You will learn the classification of matter.
You will learn separation techniques.