P E R I O D I C
Group
1
IA
1 2S1/2
Hydrogen
1.00794
1s
13.5984
Li
Lithium
Period
2
4
22.989770
[Ne] 3s
5.1391
Potassium
39.0983
[Ar] 4s
4.3407
2
S1/2
Rb
Rubidium
85.4678
[Kr] 5s
4.1771
55
6
S1/2
K
37
5
S1/2
Sodium
2
2
S1/2
Cs
Cesium
132.90545
[Xe] 6s
3.8939
87
7
2
S1/2
Fr
Francium
(223)
[Rn] 7s
4.0727
Atomic
Number
Symbol
58
Based upon
Be
12
1
S0
Mg
Magnesium
24.3050
2
[Ne] 3s
7.6462
20
1
S0
Ca
Calcium
40.078
2
[Ar] 4s
6.1132
38
1
Sr
S0
Strontium
87.62
2
[Kr] 5s
5.6949
56
1
Sc
Scandium
44.955910
2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.5615
39
2
Y
D3/2
Yttrium
88.90585
2
[Kr]4d 5s
6.2173
Ba
Zirconium
91.224
2 2
[Kr]4d 5s
6.6339
72
3
F2
3
F2 ?
(261)
14 2 2
[Rn]5f 6d 7s ?
6.0 ?
Cerium
12
Zr
F2
Rutherfordium
(226)
2
[Rn] 7s
5.2784
Ionization
Energy (eV)
3
Rf
Radium
140.116
2
[Xe]4f5d6s
5.5387
40
104
S0
G°4
physics.nist.gov
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Artificially
Prepared
5
13
IIIA
2
P°1/2
B
Boron
13
6
14
IVA
3
P0
C
12.0107
2 2 2
1s 2s 2p
11.2603
P1/2
°
2
Al
Aluminum
2
www.nist.gov/srd
Carbon
10.811
2 2
1s 2s 2p
8.2980
V
Vanadium
50.9415
3 2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.7462
41
6
D1/2
Nb
Niobium
92.90638
4
[Kr]4d 5s
6.7589
73
4
F3/2
Ta
Tantalum
Cr
Chromium
51.9961
5
[Ar]3d 4s
6.7665
42
7
S3
Mo
Molybdenum
95.94
5
[Kr]4d 5s
7.0924
74
5
W
D0
Tungsten
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
54.938049
55.845
6 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.9024
58.933200
7 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.8810
58.6934
8 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.6398
63.546
10
[Ar]3d 4s
7.7264
65.409
10 2
[Ar]3d 4s
9.3942
Manganese
5
2
6
S5/2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.4340
43
Tc
Technetium
(98)
5 2
[Kr]4d 5s
7.28
75
6
S5/2
Re
Rhenium
Iron
44
5
F5
Ru
Ruthenium
Cobalt
45
4
F9/2
Rh
Rhodium
101.07
102.90550
[Kr]4d 5s
7.3605
[Kr]4d 5s
7.4589
7
76
5
D4
Os
Osmium
8
77
4
F9/2
Ir
Iridium
Nickel
46
1
S0
Pd
Palladium
106.42
10
[Kr]4d
8.3369
78
3
Pt
D3
Platinum
Copper
47
2
S1/2
Ag
Silver
107.8682
10
[Kr]4d 5s
7.5762
79
2
S1/2
Au
Gold
Zinc
48
1
S0
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
10 2
[Kr]4d 5s
8.9938
80
1
S0
Hg
Mercury
178.49
180.9479
183.84
186.207
190.23
192.217
195.078
196.96655
200.59
14 2 2
14 6 2
14 5 2
14 3 2
14 10 2
14 7 2
14 10
14 9
14 4 2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s
6.8251
7.5496
7.8640
7.8335
8.4382
8.9670
8.9588
9.2255
10.4375
Ra
1
47.867
2 2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.8281
Hafnium
137.327
2
[Xe] 6s
5.2117
1
Ti
Titanium
Hf
Barium
88
Standard Reference
Data Group
14
3
P0
Si
7
15
VA
°
S3/2
4
N
Nitrogen
14.0067
2 2 3
1s 2s 2p
14.5341
15
°
S3/2
4
P
Silicon
Phosphorus
Ge
As
8
16
VIA
3
P2
O
Oxygen
15.9994
2 2 4
1s 2s 2p
13.6181
16
3
P2
S
Sulfur
9
17
VIIA
P3/2
°
2
F
Fluorine
18.9984032
2 2 5
1s 2s 2p
17.4228
17
°
P3/2
2
Cl
Chlorine
18
VIIIA
1
S0
He
Helium
4.002602
2
1s
24.5874
10
1
S0
Ne
Neon
20.1797
2 2 6
1s 2s 2p
21.5645
18
1
S0
Ar
Argon
26.981538
28.0855
30.973761
32.065
35.453
39.948
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2 5
2 6
2 4
2 2
2
2 3
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIII
IB
IIB
5.9858
8.1517
10.4867
10.3600
12.9676
15.7596
2
3
1
3
° 32
° 34
° 36
P3/2
P0 33 4S3/2
S0
P2 35
21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3F4 29 2S1/2 30 1S0 31 2P1/2
S0
Ce
Ground-state
Configuration
†
S0
Ground-state
Level
Name
Atomic
†
Weight
1
9.012182
2 2
1s 2s
9.3227
Na
19
4
Beryllium
6.941
2
1s 2s
5.3917
11
3
S1/2
2
IIA
For the most accurate values of these and other constants, visit physics.nist.gov/constants
1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition
between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs
-1
speed of light in vacuum
c
299 792 458 m s
(exact)
-34
Planck constant
h
6.6261 × 10 J s
(
/2 )
-19
elementary charge
e
1.6022 × 10 C
-31
electron mass
me
9.1094 × 10 kg
2
0.5110 MeV
me c
-27
proton mass
mp
1.6726 × 10 kg
fine-structure constant
1/137.036
-1
Rydberg constant
R
10 973 732 m
15
R c
3.289 842 × 10 Hz
R hc
13.6057 eV
-23
-1
Boltzmann constant
k
1.3807 × 10 J K
Lanthanides
2
Physics
Laboratory
Frequently used fundamental physical constants
H
3
2
Atomic Properties of the Elements
Actinides
1
T A B L E
57
2
D3/2
La
Lanthanum
138.9055
2
[Xe]5d 6s
5.5769
89
2
D3/2
Ac
Actinium
(227)
2
[Rn] 6d7s
5.17
105
Db
Dubnium
(262)
58
1
G°4
Ce
Cerium
140.116
2
[Xe]4f5d 6s
5.5387
90
3
Th
F2
Thorium
232.0381
2 2
[Rn]6d 7s
6.3067
106
Sg
Seaborgium
(266)
59
4
°
I9/2
Pr
107
108
Bh
Hs
Bohrium
Hassium
(264)
60
5
(277)
I4
91
4
K11/2
Pa
Protactinium
231.03588
2
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
5.89
C. () indicates the mass number of the most stable isotope.
6
H°5/2
110
144.24
4 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.5250
92
U
5
L°6
Uranium
238.02891
3
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
6.1941
Promethium
(145)
5 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.582
93
6
L11/2
Np
Neptunium
(237)
4
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
6.2657
111
112
Gallium
Germanium
(268)
62
7
F0
Samarium
150.36
6 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6437
94
7
F0
(281)
49
P1/2
°
2
In
63
8
S°7/2
Eu
Europium
151.964
7 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6704
95
8
°
S7/2
64
9
Indium
Gd
Gadolinium
157.25
7
2
[Xe]4f 5d6s
6.1498
96
9
D°2
65
6
H°15/2
Tb
Terbium
158.92534
9 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.8638
97
6
H°15/2
Pu Am Cm Bk
Plutonium
(244)
6 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.0260
Americium
(243)
7 2
[Rn]5f 7s
5.9738
Curium
(247)
7
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
5.9914
Berkelium
(247)
9 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.1979
50
3
P0
Sn
Tin
81
P1/2
°
2
Tl
Thallium
204.3833
[Hg] 6p
6.1082
51
°
S3/2
4
Sb
Antimony
82
3
P0
Pb
Lead
207.2
2
[Hg]6p
7.4167
114
83
°
S3/2
4
Bi
Bismuth
208.98038
3
[Hg]6p
7.2855
Uuq
Br
Bromine
Kr
Krypton
52
3
Te
P2
Tellurium
53
°
P3/2
2
I
Iodine
54
1
S0
Xe
Xenon
5
Dy
I8
Dysprosium
162.500
10 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.9389
98
Cf
5
I8
Californium
(251)
10 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.2817
For a description of the data, visit physics.nist.gov/data
67
4
°
I15/2
Ho
Holmium
164.93032
11 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.0215
99
4
°
I15/2
Es
Einsteinium
(252)
11 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.42
3
P2
Po
Polonium
(209)
4
[Hg] 6p
8.414
85
°
P3/2
2
At
Astatine
(210)
5
[Hg] 6p
116
86
1
S0
Rn
Radon
(222)
6
[Hg] 6p
10.7485
Ununhexium
(289)
66
84
Uuh
Ununquadium
(285)
D°2
Se
Selenium
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.90447
131.293
10 2 6
10 2 4
10 2 5
10 2 3
10 2
10 2 2
[Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p
5.7864
7.3439
8.6084
9.0096
10.4513
12.1298
Ununbium
(272)
Arsenic
69.723
72.64
74.92160
78.96
79.904
83.798
10 2
10 2 2
10 2 3
10 2 4
10 2 5
10 2 6
[Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p
5.9993
7.8994
9.7886
9.7524
11.8138
13.9996
Mt Uun Uuu Uub
Ununnilium Unununium
Meitnerium
Nd Pm Sm
Praseodymium Neodymium
140.90765
3 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.473
61
109
Ga
(292)
68
3
Er
H6
Erbium
167.259
12 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1077
100
3
H6
69
2
F°7/2
Tm
Thulium
168.93421
13 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1843
101
2
F°7/2
Fm Md
Fermium
(257)
12 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.50
Mendelevium
(258)
13 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.58
70
1
S0
Yb
Ytterbium
173.04
14 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.2542
102
1
S0
No
Nobelium
(259)
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.65
71
2
D3/2
Lu
Lutetium
174.967
14
2
[Xe]4f 5d6s
5.4259
103
2
P°1/2?
Lr
Lawrencium
(262)
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s 7p?
4.9 ?
NIST SP 966 (September 2003)