Name: _______________________________
PERIOD THREE KEY TERMS
____ / 81
1. _____ Byzantine
28. _____ Qur’an
2. _____ Justinian
29. _____ Tribute System
56. _____ Eastern Orthodox
Christianity
3. _____ Pochteca
30. _____ The Grand Canal
57. _____ Charlemagne
4. _____ Foot Binding
31. _____ Yuan Dynasty
58. _____ Triple Alliance
5. _____ Dar al-Islam
32. _____ Bedouins
59. _____ Mexica
6. _____ Chinggis Khan
33. _____ Constantine
60. _____ Tang
7. _____ Marco Polo
34. _____ Songhay
61. _____ Kublai Khan
8. _____ Ummayad
35. _____ Timbuktu
62. _____ Silk Road
9. _____ Yongle
36. _____ Ottomans
63. _____ Monsoons
10. _____ Schism
37. _____ Mughal
64. _____ Jizya
11. _____ Pastoral nomads
38. _____ Shi’a
65. _____ Caesaropapism
12. _____ Ali
39. _____ Crusades
66. _____ Kievan Rus
13. _____ al-Andalus
40. _____ Hundred Years War
67. _____ Abbassids
14. _____ Vladimir
41. _____ Bubonic Plague
15. _____ Hajj
42. _____ Sikhism
69. _____ Mecca
16. _____ Slavs
43. _____ Zheng He
17. _____ Indian Ocean Trade
Network
44. _____ Timur
70. _____ Trans-Saharan Trade
Network
18. _____ Hijra
46. _____ Ibn Battuta
19. _____ Sui
47. _____ Safavid
20. _____ Caliph
48. _____ Ming
21. _____ Anatolia
49. _____ Junk
22. _____ Kipchak Khanate
50. _____ Cyril & Methodius
23. _____ Sunni
51. _____ Renaissance
24. _____ Cyrillic
52. _____ Malacca
25. _____ Swahili Civilization
53. _____ Syncretic Religions
26. _____ Tenochtitlan
54. _____ Serf
27. _____ Umma
55. _____ Inca Empire
45. _____ System of Competing States
68. _____ Il-Khanate
71. _____ Sufi
72. _____ Neo-Confucianism
73. _____ Delhi Sultanate
74. _____ Ka’baa
75. _____ Venice
76. _____ Mansa Musa
77. _____ Pope Urban II
78. _____ Cordoba
79. _____ Vassal
80. _____ Magna Carta
81. _____ Mita
a. The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period
and completed during the Sui Empire.
b. A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and
Daoist elements
c. The royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215. Limited rights of rulers
and influenced future democratic documents such as the United States Constitution.
d. Major Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206 that introduced Islam into South Asian society
e. Chinese-styled Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; founded by Kublai Khan; name means "Great
Beginnings" in Chinese
f.
Refers to the land of Islam, or the territories in which Islam and its religious laws may be freely practiced
g. Arabian commercial center; the home of Muhammad and the future religious center of Islam
h. Mongol state that ruled Persia after abolition of the Abbasid empire in the thirteenth century
i.
In the Incan empire, the requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a certain number of days each
year.
j.
Land based network of trade routes that linked the distant peoples of Eurasia and facilitated the spreading of culture
and disease
k. Second major Islamic Dynasty that succeeded power in 750; moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad
l.
Dynasty who reestablished unity in China after the era of Three Kings. Succeeded the Han, and grew from strong
rulers in northern China. Famous for building the Grand Canal.
m. Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of
Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Is the state religion of modern Iran.
n. Revered pre-Islamic shrine in Mecca; incorporated into Muslim worship; most holy place in Islam; Muslims believed
that Abraham built it
o. The metropolitan capital of the Aztec Empire w/ a population of 150,000 to 200,000
p. Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the
mid—13th century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde"
q. Arabic name for Spain, most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early eighth century c.e.
r.
Alternating wind currents that blew eastward across the Indian Ocean in the summer and westward during the winter.
Powers the large-scale trade networks across the Indian Ocean
s. Roman emperor (321-337 C.E); established his capital at Constantinople; used Christianity to unify the empire.
t.
Turkic warrior (1336-1405), also known as Tamerlane, whose efforts to restore the Mongol Empire devastated much
of Persia, Russia, and India. (pron. tem-EER)
u. Grandson of Chinggis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty and ruled China from 1271 to 1294
v. Seminomadic people of northern Mexico who by 1325 had established themselves on a small island in Lake Texcoco,
where they built their capital, Tenochitlán. Later became known as the Aztecs
w. Most famous Byzantine emperor who simplified Roman laws with Justinian's Code, and built the Hagia Sophia. His
reign was a turning point for Christianity: paganism finally lost. He tried to restore territories to the Western Roman
Empire but ultimately failed.
x. A term used to describe the holy wars waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages
and beyond
y. The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the
Muslim Era.
z. Major conflict between France and England over rival claims to territory in France
aa. A famous Arab scholar, merchant and public official who visited much of the Islamic world in the 14th century
bb. Professional merchant class among the Aztecs
cc. State that emerged around the city of Kiev in the 9th century; a culturally diverse region that included vikings as well
as Finnic and Baltic peoples
dd. Also called the Black Death, it was a deadly disease that spread across Eurasia beginning in 1331 and killed 1-2 out of
every three people. Its devastation weakened the Mongols, serfdom, the power of the Catholic church, and helped
shift mindsets that contributed to the Renaissance beginning
ee. A political religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment
ff. Considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to
include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia
gg. Emperor of the Carolingians. Famous military leader, improved life, established order, supported education and
culture. United all Christianity in the year 800CE was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
hh. A formal split within a religious community
ii. Ancient name of Asia Minor, part of the Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that now is
the Republic of Turkey
jj. Alphabet based on Greek letters that was developed by two Byzantine missionaries, to write Slavic languages
kk. The distinctive organization of Western European political life that developed after the fall of the Roman empire in
the 5th century.
ll. Venetian Merchant whose 24 years of travel across Eurasia included over a decade in Kublai Khan’s court, and whose
journals became important insights into both exploration and 13th century Eurasian societies
mm. Patriarchal process that involved body modification related to the Confucian ideas of a woman's place being in the
home
nn. Grand Prince of Kiev whose conversion to Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern
Orthodoxy
oo. Islamic mystics, many of whom were important missionaries of Islam in conquered lands and who were revered as
saints
pp. Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority
religion in most Islamic countries.
qq. Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats; most valuable
animals were horses, camels, and goats
rr. Muslim port city that came to prominence on the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya in the fifteenth century
C.E.; it was the springboard for the spread of a syncretic form of Islam throughout the region.
ss. Famous king of Mali whose 14th century gold-laden Hajj to Mecca became the stuff of legend, especially in Europe
tt. The successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community; religious king
uu. 9th century Byzantine missionaries to the Slavs whose development of Cyrillic script made it possible to write Slavic
languages
vv. Community of the faithful within Islam
ww.
Capital of Spanish Umayyads, it was a flourishing center of Islamic culture and learning
xx. Turkic empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans;
conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire
yy. Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the
Crusades
zz. Title meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols
aaa. Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu
bbb.
A very large flat bottom sailing ship in the Tang, Song, and Ming Empires, specially designed for long-distance
commercial travel
ccc. Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
ddd.
Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yongle between 1405 and 1423;
demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration
eee. An East African civilization that emerged in the 8th century from a blending of Bantu, Islamic and other Indian Ocean
trade elements
fff. Religions, or strands within religions, that combine elements of two or more belief systems.
ggg.
Syncretic religion founded by Nanak that blended Islamic and Hindu Beliefs
hhh.
The Shi’a Islamic dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries
iii. one who received land or a benefit from a lord in return for oath of loyalty and/or military service
jjj. Dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. Focused on rejuvenating Chinese
culture after years of Mongol rule. Immense ocean trade voyages headed by Zheng He were launched and later
abandoned under its rule.
kkk.
Clan/tribe that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty (first Muslim dynasty)
lll. Famed city in Mali, noted center of trade and Islamic scholarship in the 14th-16th centuries
mmm. (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and obligated to perform set services for the feudal lord
nnn.
The traditional Chinese system for managing foreign relations. It established the rules and the means by which
foreign peoples entered and conducted their relations with China
ooo.
Chinese emperor during the Ming dynasty who was a key figure in the restoration of China to greatness and who
commissioned an enormous fleet to spread awareness of Chinese superiority to much of Asia and eastern Africa
ppp.
The word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam; "recitations of God"
qqq.
Dominant Italian city-state that by 1000ce had emerged as a major center of Mediterranean trade
rrr. Branch of Christianity that developed in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated from the
branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe
sss. Eastern half of the Roman Empire; survived until 1453; retained Mediterranean, especially Hellenistic culture.
ttt. Indo-European peoples who ultimately dominated much of eastern Europe; formed regional kingdoms by the 5th
century C.E., and formed the cultural base for future Russian peoples
uuu.
Pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars of Islam
vvv.
1428 agreement between the Mexica and two other nearby city-states that launched the Aztec Empire
www. Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of Shi'a Islam
xxx.
yyy.
Network of trade routes that crisscrossed the desert of North Africa along which gold, salt, and slaves moved
Any of the many peoples from the steppes of Asia that herded animals; use of gunpowder ended them
zzz. Tax paid by all non-Muslims in Islamic lands (Christians, Jews, etc.)
aaaa. Founded by a small community of Quechua speaking people, this empire stretched some 2,500 miles along the
Andes Mountains.
A cultural movement known as the "rebirth" of classical learning, most often associated with the cultural
blossoming of Italy (centered in Florence) in the period 1350-1500; included not just a rediscovery of Greek
learning but also major developments in the arts and literature as well as growing secularism in society
bbbb.
cccc.
The world's largest sea-based system of communication and trade before 1500ce