CIDOC CRM and artefact
provenance
Christian-Emil Ore
University of Oslo, Norway
Santiago, Chile, September 2009
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
INTRODUCTION
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
The hierarchy for information integration
Event centric modelling
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Aims
• On completion of the course you will:Know
–
–
–
–
CIDOC presentation
the basics of the challenge of information integration
the basics of event oriented modelling
how to model provenance as a series of events
CIDOC CRM as a event centric modelling tool
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
AN EXAMPLE
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
Event centric modelling
The hierarchy for information integration
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Cultural Information Diversity
•
Cultural information covers many domains:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Collection description (art, archeology, natural history)
Archives and literature (records, treaties, letters, artful works..)
Administration, preservation, conservation of material heritage
Ownership, provenance,
Science and scholarship – investigation, interpretation
Presentation – exhibition making, teaching, publication
How to integrate?
– Identify the entities: institutions, persons, places, artefacts, …
– Formalize and store the contextual information
7
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Historical Archives
Type:
Title:
Title.Subtitle:
Date:
Creator:
Publisher:
Subject:
Text
Protocol of Proceedings of Crimea Conference
II. Declaration of Liberated Europe
February 11, 1945
The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The President of the United States of America
State Department
Postwar division of Europe and Japan
Documents
Metadata
About…
acc. M.Doerr
CIDOC presentation
“The following declaration has been approved:
The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the President
of the United States of America have consulted with each
other in the common interests of the people of their countries
and those of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their mutual
agreement to concert…
….and to ensure that Germany will never again be able to
disturb the peace of the world…… “
© CIDOC 2009
Images, non-verbose…
Type:
Image
Title:
Allied Leaders at Yalta
Date:
1945
Publisher: United Press International (UPI)
Source:
The Bettmann Archive
Copyright:
Corbis
References:
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Photos, Persons
Metadata
About…
acc. M.Doerr
CIDOC presentation
9
© CIDOC 2009
Places and Objects
TGN Id:
7012124
Names:
Yalta (C,V), Jalta (C,V)
Types:
inhabited place(C), city (C)
Position: Lat: 44 30 N,Long: 034 10 E
Hierarchy: Europe (continent) <– Ukrayina (nation) <– Krym (autonomous republic)
Note:
…Site of conference between Allied powers in WW II in 1945; ….
Source:
TGN, Thesaurus of Geographic Names
Places, Objects
About…
Title:
Yalta, Crimean Peninsula
Publisher: Kurgan-Lisnet
Source:
Liaison Agency
acc. M.Doerr
CIDOC presentation
10
© CIDOC 2009
The Integration Problem (1)
• Problem 1- Identity:
– Actors, Roles, proper names:
• The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Allied leader, Allied power
Joseph Stalin….
– Places
• Jalta, Yalta
• Krym, Crimea
– Events
• Crimea Conference, “Allied Leaders at Yalta”,“… conference
between Allied powers” “Postwar division”
– Objects and Documents:
•
CIDOC presentation
The photo, the agreement text
© CIDOC 2009
Integration of Historical Archives
• Solution to Problem 1, identity:
– Local Vocabulary control – local authorities (thesauri,
gazetteers)
• e.g. Conference 1: “Yalta Conference”, “Crimea Conference”…
– Global Authorities
• e.g. TGN id 7012124
• Connect all local authorities to global ones
– Authorities must be rich in
• synonyms
• distinct attributes for identification (e.g. geo-coordinates)
– Persistent collection identifiers
• history of all identifiers
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
The Integration Problem (2)
• Problem 2- hidden entities (typically “title”):
–
–
–
Actors
• Allied leader, Allied power
Places
• Yalta, Crimea
Events
• Crimea Conference, “Allied Leaders at Yalta”,“… conference
between Allied powers” “Postwar division”
13
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Explicit Events & Object Identity
E52 Time-Span
E39 Actor
E53 Place
7012124
February 1945
P82 at some time within
E7 Activity
E39 Actor
“Crimea Conference”
E38 Image
P86 falls within
E65 Creation
Event
E39 Actor
*
P81 ongoing throughout
E31 Document
“Yalta Agreement”
E52 Time-Span
acc. M.Doerr
CIDOC presentation
1945-02-11
14
© CIDOC 2009
The CIDOC CRM
Top-level classes useful for integration
E55 Types
refer to / refine
E39 Actors
E28 Conceptual Objects
E18 Physical Thing
participate in affect or / refer to
location
E2 Temporal Entities
E52 Time-Spans
CIDOC presentation
at
E53 Places
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
THE HIERARCHY FOR
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
The hierarchy for information integration
Event centric modelling
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
The hierarchy for data integration
• Examples from the CIDOC CRM
formal definition
– The E2 Temporal Entity Hierarchy
– The Participation Properties
– The E70 Thing Hierarchy
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
The CIDOC CRM
The E2 Temporal Entity Hierarchy
Generalization
CIDOC presentation
Specialization
© CIDOC 2009
The CIDOC CRM
The Participation Properties
Generalization
CIDOC presentation
Specialization
© CIDOC 2009
The CIDOC CRM
E70 Thing
material
immaterial
Generalization
CIDOC presentation
Specialization
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
EVENT CENTRIC MODELLING
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
The hierarchy for information integration
Event centric modelling
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
An everyday example
relations between event, place and persons
E55 Type
wedding
E5 Event
E55 Type
Best man
E55 Type
groom
P14 Participating
P14.1 In the role of
P14.1 In the role of
E55 Type
bride
E21 Person
Best man to
CIDOC presentation
E53 Place
E21 Person
E21 Person
Spouces
© CIDOC 2009
Historical events as meetings
t
Brutus
Caesar’s
mother
coherence volume
of Caesar’s death
Caesar
Brutus’
dagger
coherence volume
of Caesar’s birth
CIDOC presentation
S
© CIDOC 2009
Examples from Natural History
• Event centric analysis
– Collecting of specimens
– Field observations
– The interpretation by an artist
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Collecting
carried out by
performed
Person
(Actor)
Activity
(Event)
has type
is type of
’Collector’
is identified by
identifies
Appellation
has type
is type of
’collecting’
took place at
witnessed
has time span
is time span of
Place
(of coll.)
Time-span
is identified by
identifies
is identified by
identifies
Place name
Spatial coordinates
begins at
Time primitive
ends at
Time primitive
Note: Collecting events affect specimens (E20 Biological object)
CIDOC presentation
Acc. K.H.Lampe
© CIDOC 2009
Observation
carried out by
performed
Person
(Actor)
Activity
(Event)
has type
is type of
’Observer’
is identified by
identifies
Appellation
has type
is type of
’observing’
took place at
witnessed
has time span
is time span of
Place
(of coll.)
Time-span
is identified by
identifies
is identified by
identifies
Place name
Spatial coordinates
begins at
Time primitive
ends at
Time primitive
Note: Obsering events are documented as diary notes, inventory lists (E31 document)
Acc. K.H.Lampe
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Interpretation by an artist
carried out by
performed
Person
(Actor)
Activity
(Event)
has type
is type of
is identified by
identifies
has type
is type of
took place at
witnessed
has time span
is time span of
’Painter’
Appellation
’painting’
Place
(of coll.)
Time-span
Wang Yani
is identified by
identifies
is identified by
identifies
Place name
Spatial coordinates
begins at
Time primitive
ends at
Time primitive
Note: Painting events create visual items (E73 Information object)
CIDOC presentation
Acc. K.H.Lampe
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
PROVENANCE AS A SERIES
OF EVENTS
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
The hierarchy for information integration
Event centric modelling
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
The history of a parchment folio
The leaf from the Kringla manuscript
European digital library record:
Creator:
Title:
Library:
Shelfnumber:
Document type:
Subject:
CIDOC presentation
Sturluson, Snorri
Kringla leaf
Landsbókasafn Íslands
– Háskólabókasafn
Manuscript Department:
Lbs fragment
Manuscript
History
© CIDOC 2009
The Journey of Kringla manuscript
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Kringla – provenance written

A collection of kings' sagas written in Iceland around 1225 by the poet and historian Snorri
Sturluson (1179–1242)

1260 the Kringla manuscript were written containing the sagas and other material.

In the 16th c. the Kringla-manuscript was in Bergen, Norway

Used along with other manuscripts by the priest Peder Clausson Friis in the first printed edition
of Kringlaheimsins (1530)

Around 1600 the Kringla-manuscript was moved to University Library in Copenhagen

1682-1687 The Icelandic Jón Eggertsson (1643-89), a illicit trader in Medieval Icelandic
manuscripts, copied the Kringla-manuscript for the Swedish king, removed a folio (Kringla leaf).
The copy (Holm. Papp. 18 fol) together with the folio as a quality proof was sent to the Royal
Library in Stockholm, Sweden.

Around 1700 the Kringla-manuscript was sent to the Icelandic Tormod Torfæus in Karmøy,
Norway and copied by his assistant Ásgeir Jónsson. The copies are known as AM 35, AM36,
AM63 and are used for all modern edition of the sagas.

Beginning of 18th c. the Kringla-manuscript was returned to Copenhagen

1728 The Kringla manuscript was lost in the great fire of Copenhagen

End 19th c. the Kringla leaf in the Royal Library, Stockholm was identified to be a part of Kringla
manuscript

1975 the Kringla leaf was given to Iceland by the Swedish king Karl Gustav

Now in the Icelandic National Library (Lbs. fragm. 82) as the only known remaining part of the
Kringla manuscript.
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Kringla – provenance 1
P14 carried of by
E73 Information Object
P94 has created
E65 Creation
Content of the texts
E55 Type
Velum, codex
P2 has type
E21 Person
Snorri Sturluson
Conception and writing
(1179–1242)
P128 carries
P108 produced
P7 Took place at
E84 Information Carrier
E12 Production
E53 Place
Kringla manuscript
Writing, illumination
binding, 1260
Iceland
P27 moved from
P25 moved
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
E8 Acquisition
1400 – 1500
P26 moved to
E53 Place
Bergen, Norway
P7 took place at
P12 was present at
E65 Creation
The printed edition1530
E21 Person
P14 carried of
by
P25 moved
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
E8 Acquisition
P27 moved from
1600 – 1650
P26 moved to
CIDOC presentation
Peder Clausson
E53 Place
Copenhagen,
Denmark
© CIDOC 2009
Kringla – provenance 2
P108 produced
P14 carried of by
E84 Information Carrier
E12 Production Event
Copying of the Kringla ,
removal of a leaf 1680-1687
Kringla leaf and the
Holm. Papp. 18 fol.
P31 has modified
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
E84 Information Carrier
1400 – 1500
P25 moved
Kringla Manuscript
E21 Person
Jón Eggertsson (1643-89)
P7 took place at
E53 Place
Copenhagen, Denmark
P27 moved from
E53 Place
P26 moved to
Karmøy, Norway
P12 was present at
P14 carried of by
E84 Information Carrier
AM 35, AM 36, AM 63
P94 has created
E12 Production
The copying of Kringla
E21 Person
Ásgeir Jónsson
1695 – 1705
P25 moved
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
P27 moved from
1705 – 1728
P26 moved to
P13 destroyed
E5 Event
E6 Destruction
P10 falls within
The Great fire in Copenhagen
1728
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Kringla – provenance 3
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
E84 Information Carrier
P25 Moved
Kringla leaf and the
Holm. Papp. 18 fol.
P27 moved from
E53 Place
Copenhagen, Denmark
1680-1687
P26 moved to
E53 Place
P46 forms part of
Stockholm
P25 Moved
E9 Move
E10 Transfer of Custody
E8 Acquisition
E84 Information Carrier
Kringla leaf
P27 moved from
E53 Place
1975
P138 represents
P62 depicts
P128 carries
E84 Information Carrier
Iceland
P26 moved to
E65 Creation
photographing
P94 has created
E36 Visual Item
Image of the Kringla leaf
Color slide
P128 carries
E84 Information Carrier
E12 Production
Jpg file on a disk
digitization
P94 has created
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
CIDOC CRM and artefact provenance
Conclusion
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Information integration – an example
The hierarchy for information integration
Event centric modelling
Provenance as a series of events
Conclusions
Thank You
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Summing up
• CIDOC CRM
– Coherently integrates information at varying degrees of
detail
– Designed for mediation of cultural heritage information
– Enables story telling / provenance of cultural objects
– Supports all information categories suggested by
ObjectID
– Formal ontology – supports deduction systems e.g.
investigation databases
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Summing up
• Information integration
– View the contextual information as first class objects
– Add provenance to your database system
– Keep track of the events your object has been involved
in
– Link your objects to accepted authorities vocabulars
– Use CIDOC CRM derivatives like MuseumDat to
exchange your information
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
More information:
• CIDOC CRM
http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009
Thank You
• Contact details:
– Email:- [email protected]
– CIDOC web site:- cidoc.icom.museum
• I would like to thank
– CIDOC
– ICOM
CIDOC presentation
© CIDOC 2009