SAWLA-TUNA-KALBA DISTRICT
Copyright © 2014 Ghana Statistical Service
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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No meaningful developmental activity can be undertaken without taking into account the
characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population
and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, in addition to its socio-economic
characteristics are all important in development planning.
A population census is the most important source of data on the size, composition, growth
and distribution of a country’s population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from
the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable
distribution of national resources and government services, including the allocation of
government funds among various regions, districts and other sub-national populations to
education, health and other social services.
The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users, especially the
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies, with district-level analytical reports based
on the 2010 PHC data to facilitate their planning and decision-making.
The District Analytical Report for the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District is one of the 216 district
census reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the district
level. In addition to presenting the district profile, the report discusses the social and
economic dimensions of demographic variables and their implications for policy formulation,
planning and interventions. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the district
report are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through
evidence-based decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and
intervention programmes.
For ease of accessibility to the census data, the district report and other census reports
produced by the GSS will be disseminated widely in both print and electronic formats. The
report will also be posted on the GSS website: www.statsghana.gov.gh.
The GSS wishes to express its profound gratitude to the Government of Ghana for providing
the required resources for the conduct of the 2010 PHC. While appreciating the contribution
of our Development Partners (DPs) towards the successful implementation of the Census, we
wish to specifically acknowledge the Department for Foreign Affairs, Trade and
Development (DFATD) formerly the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) for providing resources for
the preparation of all the 216 district reports. Our gratitude also goes to the Metropolitan,
Municipal and District Assemblies, the Ministry of Local Government, Consultant Guides,
Consultant Editors, Project Steering Committee members and their respective institutions for
their invaluable support during the report writing exercise. Finally, we wish to thank all the
report writers, including the GSS staff who contributed to the preparation of the reports, for
their dedication and diligence in ensuring the timely and successful completion of the district
census reports.
Dr. Philomena Nyarko
Government Statistician
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................... iii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Physical Features ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Political and Administrative Structure ........................................................................ 1
1.4 Cultural and Social Structure ...................................................................................... 2
1.5 Economy...................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Census Methodology, Concepts and Definitions ........................................................ 3
1.7 Organization of the Report ........................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER TWO: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS......................................... 15
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Population Size and distribution ............................................................................... 15
2.3 Population Pyramid and Age –Sex structure ............................................................ 15
2.3 Population Pyramid and Age -Sex structure ............................................................. 16
2.4 Fertility, Mortality and Migration ............................................................................. 18
CHAPTER THREE: SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................... 21
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Household Composition, Headship and Structure .................................................... 21
3.3 Marital Status ............................................................................................................ 22
3.4 Nationality ................................................................................................................. 26
3.5 Religious Affiliation .................................................................................................. 27
3.6 Literacy and Education.............................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER FOUR: ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................... 32
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 32
4.2 Activity Status ........................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Occupation ................................................................................................................ 34
4.4 Industry...................................................................................................................... 35
4.5 Employment Status ................................................................................................... 36
4.6 Employment Sector ................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER FIVE: INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY .............. 38
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 38
5.2 Ownership of Mobile Phones .................................................................................... 38
5.3 Use of Internet ........................................................................................................... 38
5.4 Household Ownership of Desktop/laptops ................................................................ 38
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CHAPTER SIX: DISABILITY ........................................................................................... 40
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 40
6.2 Population with Disability......................................................................................... 40
6.3 Type of Disability...................................................................................................... 41
6.4 Disability by Type of Locality .................................................................................. 42
6.5 Disability and Economic Activity Status and Sex .................................................... 42
6.6 Disability and Level of Education ............................................................................. 43
CHAPTER SEVEN: AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ................................................... 45
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 45
7.2 Households in Agriculture ........................................................................................ 45
7.3 Distribution of livestock, animal reared and keepers ................................................ 46
CHAPTER EIGHT: HOUSING CONDITIONS ............................................................... 47
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 47
8.2 Housing Stock ........................................................................................................... 47
8.3 Ownership Status of Dwelling .................................................................................. 48
8.4 Type of Occupied Dwelling Unit .............................................................................. 48
8.5 Construction Material ................................................................................................ 49
8.6 Room Occupancy ...................................................................................................... 50
8.7 Access to Utilities and Households Facilities ........................................................... 51
8.8 Main Source of Water for Drinking and other Domestic use ................................... 51
8.9 Bathing and Toilet Facilities ..................................................................................... 53
8.10 Method of Waste Disposal (Solid and Liquid).......................................................... 54
CHAPTER NINE: SUMMARY OF FINDING, POLICY IMPLICATION AND
RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................... 56
9.1 Summary of Findings ................................................................................................ 56
9.2 Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 58
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 60
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 61
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................ 66
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Population by age, sex and type of locality ........................................................... 17
Table 2.2: Reported total fertility rate, general fertility rate and crude birth rate by district . 18
Table 2.3: Female population 12 years and older by age, children ever born, children
surviving and sex of child ...................................................................................... 19
Table 2.4: Total population, death in households and crude death rate .................................. 19
Table 2.5: Birth place of migrants by duration of stay at current residence ........................... 20
Table 3.2: Household population by structure and sex ........................................................... 22
Table 3.3: Marital status of persons 12 years and older by sex and age-group ...................... 24
Table 3.4: Marital status of persons 12 years and older by sex and level of education .......... 25
Table 3.5: Persons 12 years and older by sex, marital status and economic activity status ... 26
Table 3.6: Population by nationality and sex .......................................................................... 27
Table 3.7: Population by religion and sex .............................................................................. 27
Table 3.8: Population 11 years and older by sex, age and literacy status ............................... 28
Table 3.9: Population 3 years and older by school attendance and sex .................................. 29
Table 3.10:Population 3 years and older by level of education, school attendance ................ 31
Table 4.1: Population 15 years and older by activity status and sex ...................................... 32
Table 4.2: Employed population 15 years and older by sex, age and active status ................ 34
Table 4.3: Employed population 15 years and older by occupation and sex .......................... 35
Table 4.4: Employed population 15 years and older by industry and sex .............................. 36
Table 4.5: Employed population 15 years and older by employment sector and sex ............. 37
Table 5.1: Population 12 years and older by sex, mobile phone ownership and internet
facility usage .......................................................................................................... 38
Table 5.2: Household ownership of desk/top computer by sex of head ................................. 39
Table 6.1: Disability status of population by locality type and sex ........................................ 41
Table 6.2: Persons 15 years and older with disability by economic activity status and sex ... 43
Table 6.3: Population 3 years and older by sex, disability type and level of education ......... 44
Table 7.1: Agricultural activity of households by type of locality ......................................... 46
Table 8.1: Stock of houses and households by type of locality .............................................. 47
Table 8.2: Ownership status of dwelling by sex of head of household and type of locality .. 48
Table 8.3: Occupied dwelling unit by sex of household head and type of locality ................ 49
Table 8.4: Construction material for the outer wall of dwelling unit by type of locality ....... 49
Table 8.5: Main construction materials for the floor of dwelling unit by type of locality ..... 50
Table 8.6: Main construction material for roofing of dwelling unit by type of locality ......... 50
Table 8.7: Household size and number sleeping rooms occupied in dwelling unit ................ 51
Table 8.8: Main source of lighting of dwelling unit by type of locality ................................. 51
Table 8.9: Main source of water for drinking and other domestic purposes .......................... 52
Table 8.10:Main source of cooking fuel, and cooking space used by households .................. 53
Table 8.11:Type of toilet facility and bathing facility used by household by type of locality 54
Table 8.12:Method of solid and liquid waste disposal by type of locality .............................. 55
Table A1: Household Composition by type of locality .......................................................... 61
Table A2: Distribution of households engaged in tree growing or crop farming by type of
crop and population engaged ................................................................................. 62
Table A3: Population by age groups in the 20 largest communities ...................................... 65
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Map of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba ..................................................................................... 2
Figure 2.1: Population pyramid by age and sex ...................................................................... 16
Figure 3.1: Marital status ........................................................................................................ 23
Figure 3.2: Literate population 11 years and older by language in which literate .................. 29
Figure 4.1: Population 15 years and older by economic activity status.................................. 33
Figure 4.2: Employment status ............................................................................................... 37
Figure 6.1: Population by type of disability............................................................................ 42
Figure 7.1: Households in agricultural activities .................................................................... 45
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
CEB
Children Ever Born
CERSGIS
Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Survey
CHPS
Community Health Based Planning Services
CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency
CS
Children Surviving
CWIQ
Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire
DANIDA
Danish International Development Agency
DFID
Department for International Development
EA
Enumeration Area
ECOWAS
Economic Community of West African States
EMIS
Education Management Information System
EU
European Union
GDHS
Ghana Demography Health Survey
GDP
Gross Domestic product
GES
Ghana Education Service
GPS
Global Positioning System
GSDP
Ghana Statistics Development Plan
GSS
Ghana Statistical Service
HIV
Human Immune Virus
ICT
Information Communication Technology
ISSER
Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research
JHS
Junior High School
JSS
Junior Secondary School
SHS
Senior High School
SSS
Senior Secondary School
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MMDAs
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies
MDGs
Millennium Development Goals
MOE
Ministry of Education
MICS
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
MOFA
Ministry of Food and Agriculture
MOTI
Ministry of Trade and Industry
NCA
National Communication Authority
NCPEC
The National Census Publicity and Evaluation Committee
NCTAC
National Census Technical Advisory Committee
NIPORT
National Institute of Population Research and Training
NHIS
National Health Insurance Scheme
NDPC
National Development Planning Commission
NGOs
Non-governmental Organizations
PHC
Population and Housing Census
PPP
Public-Private Partnerships
PAS
Population Analysis Spreadsheet
PES
Post Enumeration Survey
PWDs
Persons with disabilities
SMAM
Singulate Mean Age at Marriage
UNICEF
United Nations International Children’s Education Fund
UN
United Nations
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNFPA
United Nations Population Fund
WHO
World Health Organization
W.C
Water Closet
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
The district census report is the first of its kind since the first post-independence census was
conducted in 1960. The report provides basic information about the district. It gives a brief
background of the district, describing its physical features, political and administrative
structure, socio-cultural structure and economy. Using data from the 2010 Population and
Housing Census (2010 PHC), the report discusses the population characteristics of the district,
fertility, mortality, migration, marital status, literacy and education, economic activity status,
occupation, employment; Information Communication Technology (ICT), disability,
agricultural activities and housing conditions of the district. The key findings of the analysis are
as follows (references are to the relevant sections of the report):
Population size, structure and composition
The population of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District, according to the 2010 Population and Housing
Census, is 99,863 representing about four percent of the region’s total population. Males
constitute 48.3 percent and females represent 51.7 percent. The district is predominantly rural
with a rural population of 85,918 (93.8%) and an urban population of 13,945 (6.2%). The
district has a sex ratio of 93.6. The population of the district is youthful (47.6%) depicting a
broad base population pyramid which tapers off with a small number of elderly persons (4.9%).
The total age dependency ratio for the District is 110.6, the age dependency ratio for males is
higher (129.9) than that of females (95.2).
Fertility, mortality and migration
The Total Fertility Rate for the district 3.7 and the General Fertility Rate is 101.9 births per
1000 women aged 15-49 years. The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is 22.3 per 1000 population. The
crude death rate for the district is 5.6 per 1000. The crude death rate is 7.2 per 1,000 population,
and it is the fifth highest in the region and higher than the regional average of 5.93 per 1000
population. A greater proportion of migrants (58.3 percent) living in the district were born in
another region while 41.7 percent were born elsewhere in the Northern Region. For migrants
born in another region, those born in Upper West constitute 58.9 percent and followed by
Ashanti with 11.4 percent.
Household size, composition and structure
The district has 14,906 households with a household population of 98,880 comprising 47,746
males and 51,134 females. The average household size in the district is 6.6 persons per.
Children constitutes the largest proportion of the household structure accounting for 50.5
percent. Spouses form about 9.7 percent. The extended household structure (Head, spouse(s),
children and head’s relative) is more common (49.7%) in the district.
Marital status
A little above one in two (52%) of the population aged 12 years and older are married, 39.6
percent have never married and 6 percent widowed. By age 25-29 years, more than three
quarters of females (77.7%) are married compared to 48.1 percent of males. At age 65 and
above, widowed females account for as high as 53.3 percent while widowed males account
for only 8.7 percent. Among the married, 88 percent have no education while about 41.2
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percent of the unmarried have never been to school. More than eight in ten (88.3%) of the
married population are employed, 0.7 percent are unemployed and 11.1 percent are
economically not active.
Nationality and religion
The proportion of Ghanaians by birth in the district is 95.3 percent. Those who have
naturalised constitute 0.7 percent and the non-Ghanaian population in the district is 2.1
percent. Christians form 42.4 percent of the population and traditionalist constitutes 31
percent of the population.
Literacy and education
Of the population 11 years and above, 31.1 percent are literate and 68.9 percent are nonliterate. The proportion of non-literate males is lower (61.8%) compared to the proportion of
females non-literate (74.9%). About four in ten people (37%) indicated they could speak and
write both English and Ghanaian languages. Of the population aged 3 years and above
(91,399) in the district, 62.6 percent has never attended school, 31.2 percent are currently
attending and 6.2 percent have attended in the past.
Economic activity status
About 79.3 percent of the population aged 15 years and older are economically active with
the proportion economically active males slightly higher (80.4%) than the females (78.4%).
Of the economically active population, 99 percent are employed while only one percent are
unemployed. For those who are economically not active, a larger percentage of them are
students (42.8%), 23.8% perform household duties and 7.7 percent are disabled or too sick to
work. 44.2 percent of the unemployed are seeking work for the first time.
Occupation
Of the employed population, about 82.3 percent are engaged as skilled agricultural, forestry
and fishery workers, 7.9 percent in craft and related trades and 5.5 percent in service.
Employment status and sector
Of the population 15 years and older 48.2 percent are contributing family workers, 44.9
percent are self-employed without employees and 3.5 percent are employees. Whiles among
the males, the highest proportion are self-employed without employees (57.2%), almost six
out of ten (59.7%) of females are contributing family workers. The private informal sector is
the largest employer in the district, employing 96.9 percent of the population followed by the
public sector with 2.0 percent.
Information Communication Technology
Of the population 12 years and above, 12.1 percent have mobile phones. Men who own
mobile phones constitute 17.2 percent as compared to 7.8 percent of females. Less than one
percent (0.7%) of the population 12 years and older use internet facilities in the district.
Similarly, less than one percent (0.8%) of households in the district have desktop/laptop
computers.
Disability
About 2.6 percent of the district’s total population has one form of disability or the other. The
proportion of the male population with disability is slightly higher (2.7%) than females
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(2.6%). Persons with sight disability recorded the highest of 39.2 percent followed by
physical disability (24.4%). About 89.3 percent of the population with disability are in the
rural localities. There are more females with sight, physical and hearing disabilities than
males in both the urban and rural localities. Of the population disabled, 55.3 percent are
employed. More males with disability are employed (60.5%) than employed female with
disability (50.5%). About 78% percent of PWDs have never been to school.
Agriculture
As high as 80.1 percent of households in the district are engage in agriculture. Whiles 31.6
percent of urban households are engaged in agriculture, 91.6 percent of households in the
rural localities are engaged in agriculture. Most households in the district (97.1%) are
engaged in crop farming and 64.4 percent engaged in livestock rearing. Poultry (chicken) is
the dominant animal reared in the district
Housing
The housing stock of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District is 13,634 representing 5.3 percent of the
total number of houses in the Northern Region. The average number of persons per house is
7.3 and the average number of households per house is 1.1.
Type, tenancy arrangement and ownership of dwelling units
The type of dwelling with the highest proportion is separate house (46.2%) and is followed
compound houses (43.7%). Almost nine in ten (87.4%)) of the dwelling units in the district
are owned by members of the household; 5.5 percent are owned by a relative who is not a
member of the household 4.7 percent are owned by private individuals; and only one percent
are owned by public or government
Material for construction of outer wall, floor and roof
The main construction material for outer walls of dwelling units in the district is mud/mud
bricks or earth accounting for 88.9 percent with cement/concrete constituting 8.6 percent of
outer walls of dwelling units in the district. Mud/earth (50.5%) and Cement (48.6%) are the
two main materials used in the construction of floors of dwelling units in the district. Metal
sheets are the main roofing material (60.4 %) for dwelling units in the district.
Room occupancy
One room constitutes the highest percentage (89.5%) of sleeping rooms occupied by
households in housing units in the district. About 6.3 percent of households with 10 or more
members occupy single rooms.
Utilities and household facilities
The three main sources of lighting in dwelling units in the district are flashlight/torch
(53.1%), kerosene lamp (27.2%) and electricity (16%). The main source of fuel for cooking
for most households in the district is wood (84.2%) and the proportion for rural (94.1%) is
higher than that of urban (42.7%). The four main sources of water in the district are borehole,
river stream, public tap and pipe borne water. About 62 percent of households drink water
from boreholes.
About 92 percent of households has no toilet facilities (bush/beach/field), while 4.3 percent
use public toilet (WC, KVIP) and 1.6 percent use pit latrine. Almost one in two (49.7%)
households own bathrooms for their exclusive use.
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Waste disposal
The most widely method of solid waste disposal is dumping indiscriminately (49%) whilst
36.4 percent use the public dump. House to house waste collection accounts for 4.3 percent.
For liquid waste disposal, throwing waste onto the street/outside (67.7%) and onto the
compound (26%) are the two most common methods used by households in the district.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
The Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District was carved out of the Bole District on 18th February, 2004,
by Legislative Instrument (L.I) 1768 and was inaugurated on 27th August, 2004. The
population of the district is ninety nine thousand, eight hundred and sixty three (99,863) with
a population density of 23.6 sq km with sex ratio of 93.6 (PHC 2010).
1.2
Physical Features
The district is located in the Western part of the Northern Region and Shares boundaries with
Wa West District to the North, Bole District to the South, West Gonja District to the East and
La Cote D’Ivoire to the West at the Black Volta. It has a total land area of about 4,226.9
square kilometers out of the total land area of 69,766.2 square kilometers of the Northern
Region. Sawla, the district capital is about 189 kilometers North-West of Tamale, the
Regional Capital.
1.2.1 Climate
The climatic condition reflects the typical climate experienced in the northern region of
Ghana. The rainfall pattern is not different from other parts of the region. The rainy season
that lasts for almost five months starts from June to October each year, with the peak rain
coming in August and ending in September. The district records a rainfall figure of between
1000mm and 1500mm annually. Temperatures are high (about 36°C to 38°C) between March
and April and relatively low (about 28°C to 30°C) between November and February which
brings about the harmattan.
1.2.3 Vegetation
The vegetation is typically guinea savannah type characterized by tall grasses and woodland.
Part of the Mole National Park forest reserve is in the district. Tree species such as
dawadawa, shea, mahogany and nim abound, and serve as habitat for animals and birds.
The branches of the nim trees are mostly used as rafters for most homes. The soil type is
loamy which is good for the cultivation of tubers such as yam and cassava.
1.3
Political and Administrative Structure
A district chief executive heads the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district as the political and
administrative head. The Assembly consists of forty- seven (47) members, out of this
number, thirty-three (33) are elected by universal adult suffrage (UNS) and the government
appoints the remaining fourteen (14).
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Figure 1.1: Map of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba
1.4
Cultural and Social Structure
The district has seven (7) divisional chiefs who are directly enskined by Bole-Wura, with the
exception of one divisional chief, Kong-Wura who is enskined by Yagbong-Wura, the
overlord of Gonja traditional area. Culturally, if the king of Gonja traditional area passes on
he is taken to ‘’Nyenge’’ for final preparation for burial at ‘’Mankuma’’which is the final
resting place for all Gonja kings.
2
The former seat of Gonja traditional area is located at ‘’Nyenge’’ built over centuries ago. It
is also a place where a stone that is used to enskin Gonja kings ‘’Yagbong –wura’’ is located,
this stone symbolizes the spirit and soul of the Gonja people. These cultural outlooks are
potential tourist centres, which can be developed to attract tourists to the site.
The ethnic goups in the district are; Gonjas who are the land owners, Brifos, Lobis, Safalba,
Walas, Vaglas and Dagabas. The most spoken languages are: Wali, Gonja and Brifo.
Festivals celebrated among the people are; ‘’damba’’ and fire festivals. Gonjas, Vaglas and
Walas mostly celebrate these festivals. There are other ethnic cultural festivals celebrated by
other minority groups such as Dagabas and Safalbas.
1.5
Economy
The predominant economic activity in the district is agriculture. The people cultivate various
varieties of cereals (such as maize, groundnuts, soya beans, millet, sorghum) and tubers. The
district is also one of the leading producers of cashew nuts, which attracts many buyers from
across the country, with Kasajan industries limited being the largest buyers. The district is
endowed with many livestock, especially at ‘’Kalba’’ near the Black Volta where they are
being exported to the southern part of the country. A few petty traders and artisans are also
into trading in various products and manufacture of farm implements.
The district has large deposits of granite, which can last for about ten years, and currently
being processed by two big companies-Tuna Quarry and China Harbour, a construction firm
currently working on Sawla-Fufulso road. These companies supply granite to nearby regions
like Upper West, Brong Ahafo and Northern. The people in the district have no access to any
banking system within the district, rather all transactions regarding banking are done in the
sister district, Bole.
On tourism, the district has some tourist attraction centres, which are undeveloped. There is
the ‘Mass Grave’ at ‘’Jentillpe’’ which occurred because of chieftaincy dispute between two
gates in 1939, during the First World War. Samura and Babatu slave raiders were contracted
from Cote D’ Voire by one of the gates to fight for them, which led to the massacre of many
old men and women. At ‘’Kong’’ there is a stone where ‘’Ndewura Jakpa’’, a powerful
warrior who conquered most towns took his first rest after days of long fighting. There is also
a crocodile pond at ‘’Kulmasah’’ with a number of crocodiles.
1.6
Census Methodology, Concepts and Definitions
1.6.1 Introduction
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) was guided by the principle of international comparability
and the need to obtain accurate information in the 2010 Population and Housing Census
(2010 PHC). The Census was, therefore, conducted using all the essential features of a
modern census as contained in the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for
countries taking part in the 2010 Round of Population and Housing Censuses.
Experience from previous post independence censuses of Ghana (1960, 1970, 1984 and 2000)
was taken into consideration in developing the methodologies for conducting the 2010 PHC.
The primary objective of the 2010 PHC was to provide information on the number,
distribution and social, economic and demographic characteristics of the population of Ghana
necessary to facilitate the socio-economic development of the country.
3
1.6.2 Pre-enumeration activities
Development of census project document and work plans
A large scale statistical operation, such as the 2010 Population and Housing Census required
meticulous planning for its successful implementation. A working group of the Ghana
Statistical Service prepared the census project document with the assistance of two
consultants. The document contains the rationale and objectives of the census, census
organisation, a work plan as well as a budget. The project document was launched in
November 2008 as part of the Ghana Statistics Development Plan (GSDP) and reviewed in
November 2009.
Census secretariat and committees
A well-structured management and supervisory framework that outlines the responsibilities
of the various stakeholders is essential for the effective implementation of a population and
housing census. To implement the 2010 PHC, a National Census Secretariat was set up in
January 2008 and comprised professional and technical staff of GSS as well as staff of other
Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) seconded to GSS. The Census Secretariat was
primarily responsible for the day-to-day planning and implementation of the census activities.
The Secretariat had seven units, namely; census administration, cartography, recruitment and
training, publicity and education, field operations and logistics management, data processing,
and data analysis and dissemination.
The Census Secretariat was initially headed by an acting Census Coordinator engaged by the
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2008 to support GSS in the planning of the
Census. In 2009, the Census Secretariat was re-organised with the Government Statistician
as the National Chief Census Officer and overall Coordinator, assisted by a Census
Management Team and a Census Coordinating Team. The Census Management Team had
oversight responsibility for the implementation of the Census. It also had the responsibility of
taking critical decisions on the census in consultation with other national committees. The
Census Coordinating Team, on the other hand, was responsible for the day-to-day
implementation of the Census programme.
A number of census committees were also set up at both national and sub-national levels to
provide guidance and assistance with respect to resource mobilization and technical advice.
At the national level, the committees were the National Census Steering Committee (NCSC),
the National Census Technical Advisory Committee (NCTAC) and the National Census
Publicity and Education Committee (NCPEC). At the regional and district levels, the
committees were the Regional Census Implementation Committee and the District Census
Implementation Committee, respectively.
The Regional and District Census Implementation Committees were inter-sectoral in their
composition. Members of the Committees were mainly from decentralized departments with
the Regional and District Coordinating Directors chairing the Regional Census
Implementation Committee and District Census Implementation Committee, respectively.
The Committees contributed to the planning of district, community and locality level
activities in areas of publicity and field operations. They supported the Regional and District
Census Officers in the recruitment and training of field personnel (enumerators and
supervisors), as well as mobilizing logistical support for the census.
4
Selection of census topics
The topics selected for the 2010 Population and Housing Census were based on
recommendations contained in the UN Principles and Recommendations for 2010 Round of
Population and Housing Censuses and the African Addendum to that document as well as the
needs of data users. All the core topics recommended at the global level, i.e., geographical
and internal migration characteristics, international migration, household characteristics,
demographic and social characteristics such as age, date of birth, sex, and marital status,
fertility and mortality, educational and economic characteristics, issues relating to disability
and housing conditions and amenities were included in the census.
Some topics that were not considered core by the UN recommendations but which were
found to be of great interest and importance to Ghana and were, therefore, included in the
2010 PHC are religion, ethnicity, employment sector and place of work, agricultural activity,
as well as housing topics, such as, type of dwelling, materials for outer wall, floor and roof,
tenure/holding arrangement, number of sleeping rooms, cooking fuel, cooking space and
Information Communication Technology (ICT).
Census mapping
A timely and well implemented census mapping is pivotal to the success of any population
and housing census. Mapping delineates the country into enumeration areas to facilitate
smooth enumeration of the population. The updating of the 2000 Census Enumeration Area
(EA) maps started in the last quarter of 2007 with the acquisition of topographic sheets of all
indices from the Survey and Mapping Division of the Lands Commission. In addition, digital
sheets were also procured for the Geographical Information System Unit.
The Cartography Unit of the Census Secretariat collaborated with the Survey and Mapping
Division of the Lands Commission and the Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic
Information Services (CERSGIS) of the Department of Geography and Resource
Development, University of Ghana, to determine the viability of migrating from analog to
digital mapping for the 2010 PHC, as recommended in the 2000 PHC Administrative Report.
Field cartographic work started in March 2008 and was completed in February 2010.
Development of questionnaire and manuals
For effective data collection, there is the need to design appropriate documents to solicit the
required information from respondents. GSS consulted widely with main data users in the
process of the questionnaire development. Data users including MDAs, research institutions,
civil society organizations and development partners were given the opportunity to indicate
the type of questions they wanted to be included in the census questionnaire.
Documents developed for the census included the questionnaire and manuals, and field
operation documents. The field operation documents included Enumerator’s Visitation
Record Book, Supervisor’s Record Book, and other operational control forms. These record
books served as operational and quality control tools to assist enumerators and supervisors to
control and monitor their field duties respectively.
Pre-tests and trial census
It is internationally recognized that an essential element in census planning is the pre-testing
of the questionnaire and related instructions. The objective of the pre-test is to test the
5
questionnaire, the definition of its concepts and the instructions for filling out the
questionnaire.
The census questionnaire was pre-tested twice in the course of its development. The first pretest was carried out in March 2009 to find out the suitability of the questions and the
instructions provided. It also tested the adequacy and completeness of the responses and how
respondents understood the questions. The second pre-test was done in 10 selected
enumeration areas in August, 2009. The objective of the second pre-test was to examine the
sequence of the questions, test the new questions, such as, date of birth and migration, and
assess how the introduction of ‘date of birth’ could help to reduce ‘age heaping’. With regard
to questions on fertility, the pre-tests sought to find out the difference, if any, between proxy
responses and responses by the respondents themselves. Both pre-tests were carried in the
Greater Accra Region. Experience from the pre-tests was used to improve the final census
questionnaire.
A trial census which is a dress rehearsal of all the activities and procedures that are planned
for the main census was carried out in October/November 2009. These included recruitment
and training, distribution of census materials, administration of the questionnaire and other
census forms, enumeration of the various categories of the population (household,
institutional and floating population), and data processing. The trial census was held in six
selected districts across the country namely; Saboba (Northern Region), Chereponi (Northern
Region), Sene (Brong Ahafo Region),
Bia (Western Region), Awutu Senya (Central
Region), and Osu Klottey Sub-Metro (Greater Accra Region). A number of factors were
considered in selecting the trial census districts. These included: administrative boundary
issues, ecological zone, and accessibility, enumeration of floating population/outdoorsleepers, fast growing areas, institutional population, and enumeration areas with scattered
settlements.
The trial census provided GSS with an opportunity to assess its plans and procedures as well
as the state of preparedness for the conduct of the 2010 PHC. The common errors found
during editing of the completed questionnaires resulted in modifications to the census
questionnaire, enumerator manuals and other documents. The results of the trial census
assisted GSS to arrive at technically sound decisions on the ideal number of persons per
questionnaire, number of persons in the household roster, migration questions, placement of
the mortality question, serial numbering of houses/housing structures and method of
collection of information on community facilities. Lessons learnt from the trial census also
guided the planning of the recruitment process, the procedures for training of census field
staff and the publicity and education interventions.
1.6.3 Census enumeration
Method of enumeration and field work
All post-independence censuses (1960, 1970, 1984, and 2000) conducted in Ghana used the
de facto method of enumeration where people are enumerated at where they were on census
night and not where they usually reside. The same method was adopted for the 2010 PHC.
The de facto count is preferred because it provides a simple and straight forward way of
counting the population since it is based on a physical fact of presence and can hardly be
misinterpreted. It is thought that the method also minimizes the risks of under-enumeration
and over enumeration. The canvasser method, which involves trained field personnel visiting
houses and households identified in their respective enumeration areas, was adopted for the
2010 PHC.
6
The main census enumeration involved the canvassing of all categories of the population by
trained enumerators, using questionnaires prepared and tested during the pre-enumeration
phase. Specific arrangements were made for the coverage of special population groups, such
as the homeless and the floating population. The fieldwork began on 21st September 2010
with the identification of EA boundaries, listing of structures, enumeration of institutional
population and floating population.
The week preceding the Census Night was used by field personnel to list houses and other
structures in their enumeration areas. Enumerators were also mobilized to enumerate
residents/inmates of institutions, such as, schools and prisons. They returned to the
institutions during the enumeration period to reconcile the information they obtained from
individuals and also to cross out names of those who were absent from the institutions on
Census Night.
Out-door sleepers (floating population) were also enumerated on the Census Night.
Enumeration of the household population started on Monday, 27th September, 2010.
Enumerators visited houses, compounds and structures in their enumeration areas and started
enumerating all households including visitors who spent the Census Night in the households.
Enumeration was carried out in the order in which houses/structures were listed and where
the members of the household were absent, the enumerator left a call-back-card indicating
when he/she would come back to enumerate the household. The enumeration process took off
smoothly with enumerators poised on completing their assignments on schedule since many
of them were teachers and had to return to school. However, many enumerators ran short of
questionnaires after a few days’ work.
Enumeration resumed in all districts when the questionnaire shortage was resolved and by
17th October, 2010, enumeration was completed in most districts. Enumerators who had
finished their work were mobilized to assist in the enumeration of localities that were yet to
be enumerated in some regional capitals and other fast growing areas. Flooded areas and
other inaccessible localities were also enumerated after the end of the official enumeration
period. Because some enumeration areas in fast growing cities and towns, such as, Accra
Metropolitan Area, Kumasi, Kasoa and Techiman were not properly demarcated and some
were characterized by large EAs, some enumerators were unable to complete their assigned
tasks within the stipulated time.
1.6.4 Post enumeration survey
In line with United Nations recommendations, GSS conducted a Post Enumeration Survey
(PES) in April, 2011 to check content and coverage error. The PES was also to serve as an
important tool in providing feedback regarding operational matters such as concepts and
procedures in order to help improve future census operations. The PES field work was
carried out for 21 days in April 2011 and was closely monitored and supervised to ensure
quality output. The main findings of the PES were that:

97.0 percent of all household residents who were in the country on Census Night (26th
September, 2010) were enumerated.

1.3 percent of the population was erroneously included in the census.
7

Regional differentials are observed. Upper East region recorded the highest coverage
rate of 98.2 percent while the Volta region had the lowest coverage rate of 95.7
percent.

Males (3.3%) were more likely than females (2.8%) to be omitted in the census. The
coverage rate for males was 96.7 percent and the coverage rate for females was 97.2
percent. Also, the coverage rates (94.1%) for those within the 20-29 and 30-39 age
groups are relatively lower compared to the coverage rates of the other age groups.

There was a high rate of agreement between the 2010 PHC data and the PES data for
sex (98.8%), marital status (94.6%), relationship to head of household (90.5%) and
age (83.0%).
1.6.5 Release and dissemination of results
The provisional results of the census were released in February 2011 and the final results in
May 2012. A National Analytical report, six thematic reports, a Census Atlas, 10 Regional
Reports and a report on Demographic, Social, Economic and Housing were prepared and
disseminated in 2013.
1.6.6 Concepts and definitions
Introduction
The 2010 Population and Housing Census of Ghana followed the essential concepts and
definitions of a modern Population and Housing Census as recommended by the United
Nations (UN). It is important that the concepts, definitions and recommendations are adhered
to since they form the basis upon which Ghana could compare her data with that of other
countries.
The concepts and definitions in this report cover all sections of the 2010 Population and
Housing Census questionnaires (PHC1A and PHC1B). The sections were: geographical
location of the population, Household and Non-household population, Literacy and
Education, Emigration, Demographic and Economic Characteristics, Disability, Information
Communication Technology (ICT), Fertility, Mortality, Agricultural Activity and Housing
Conditions.
The concepts and definitions are provided to facilitate understanding and use of the data
presented in this report. Users are therefore advised to use the results of the census within the
context of these concepts and definitions.
Region
There were ten (10) administrative regions in Ghana during the 2010 Population and Housing
Census as they were in 1984 and 2000.
District
In 1988, Ghana changed from the local authority system of administration to the district
assembly system. In that year, the then existing 140 local authorities were demarcated into
110 districts. In 2004, 28 new districts were created; this increased the number of districts in
the country to 138. In 2008, 32 additional districts were created bringing the total number of
districts to 170. The 2010 Population and Housing Census was conducted in these 170
administrative districts (these are made-up of 164 districts/municipals and 6 metropolitan
8
areas). In 2012, 46 new districts were created to bring the total number of districts to 216.
There was urgent need for data for the 46 newly created districts for planning and decisionmaking. To meet this demand, the 2010 Census data was re-programmed into 216 districts
after carrying out additional fieldwork and consultations with stakeholders in the districts
affected by the creation of the new districts.
Locality
A locality was defined as a distinct population cluster (also designated as inhabited place,
populated centre, settlement) which has a NAME or LOCALLY RECOGNISED STATUS. It
included fishing hamlets, mining camps, ranches, farms, market towns, villages, towns, cities
and many other types of population clusters, which meet the above criteria. There were two
main types of localities, rural and urban. As in previous censuses, the classification of
localities into ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ was based on population size. Localities with 5,000 or more
persons were classified as urban while localities with less than 5,000 persons were classified
as rural.
Population
The 2010 Census was a “de facto” count and each person present in Ghana, irrespective of
nationality, was enumerated at the place where he/she spent the midnight of 26th September
2010.
Household
A household was defined as a person or a group of persons, who lived together in the same
house or compound and shared the same house-keeping arrangements. In general, a
household consisted of a man, his wife, children and some other relatives or a house help who
may be living with them. However, it is important to remember that members of a household
are not necessarily related (by blood or marriage) because non-relatives (e.g. house helps)
may form part of a household.
Head of household
The household head was defined as a male or female member of the household recognised as
such by the other household members. The head of household is generally the person who has
economic and social responsibility for the household. All relationships are defined with
reference to the head.
Household and non-household population
Household population comprised of all persons who spent the census night in a household
setting. All persons who did not spend the census night in a household setting (except
otherwise stated) were classified as non-household population. Persons who spent census
night in any of the under listed institutions and locations were classified as non-household
population:
(a) Educational Institutions
(b) Children's and old people’s homes
(c) Hospitals and healing centres
(d) Hotels
9
(e) Prisons
(f) Service barracks
(g) Soldiers on field exercise
(h) Floating: The following are examples of persons in this category:
i.
All persons population who slept in lorry parks, markets, in front of stores and
offices, public bathrooms, petrol filling stations, railway stations, verandas,
pavements, and all such places which are not houses or compounds.
ii.
Hunting and fishing camps.
iii.
Beggars and vagrants (mentally sick or otherwise).
Age
The age of every person was recorded in completed years disregarding fractions of days and
months. For those persons who did not know their birthdays, the enumerator estimated their
ages using a list of district, regional and national historical events.
Nationality
Nationality is defined as the country to which a person belongs. A distinction is made
between Ghanaians and other nationals. Ghanaian nationals are grouped into Ghanaian by
birth, Ghanaian with dual nationality and Ghanaian by naturalization. Other nationals are
grouped into ECOWAS nationals, Africans other than ECOWAS nationals, and nonAfricans.
Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to the ethnic group that a person belonged to. This information is collected
only from Ghanaians by birth and Ghanaians with dual nationality. The classification of
ethnic groups in Ghana is that officially provided by the Bureau of Ghana Languages and
which has been in use since the 1960 census.
Birthplace
The birthplace of a person refers to the locality of usual residence of the mother at the time of
birth. If after delivery a mother stayed outside her locality of usual residence for six months
or more or had the intention of staying in the new place for six or more months, then the
actual town/village of physical birth becomes the birthplace of the child.
Duration of residence
Duration of residence refers to the number of years a person has lived in a particular place.
This question is only asked of persons not born in the place where enumeration took place.
Breaks in duration of residence lasting less than 12 months are disregarded. The duration of
residence of persons who made multiple movements of one (1) year or more is assumed to be
the number of years lived in the locality (town or village) since the last movement.
Religion
Religion refers to the individual’s religious affiliation as reported by the respondent,
irrespective of the religion of the household head or the head’s spouse or the name of the
10
person. No attempt was made to find out if respondents actually practiced the faith they
professed.
Marital status
Marital status refers to the respondent’s marital status as at Census Night. The question on
marital status was asked only of persons 12 years and older. The selection of the age limit of
12 years was based on the average age at menarche and also on the practice in some parts of
the country where girls as young as 12 years old could be given in marriage.
Literacy
The question on literacy referred to the respondent's ability to read and write in any language.
A person was considered literate if he/she could read and write a simple statement with
understanding. The question on literacy was asked only of persons 11 years and older.
Education
School Attendance
Data was collected on school attendance for all persons three (3) years and older. School
attendance refers to whether a person has ever attended, was currently attending or has never
attended school. In the census, school meant an educational institution where a person
received at least four hours of formal education.
Although the lower age limit of formal education is six years for primary one, eligibility for
the school attendance question was lowered to three years because pre-school education has
become an important phenomenon in the country.
Level of education
Level of education refers to the highest level of formal school that a person ever attended or
was attending. This information was obtained for persons 3 years and older.
Activity status
Activity status refers to economic or non-economic activity of respondents during the 7 days
preceding census night. Information on type of activity was collected on persons 5 years and
older. A person was regarded as economically active if he/she:
a. Worked for pay or profit or family gain for at least 1 hour within the 7 days preceding
Census Night. This included persons who were in paid employment or selfemployment or contributing family workers.
b. Did not work, but had jobs to return to.
c. Were unemployed.
The economically not active were persons who did not work and were not seeking for work.
They were classified by reasons for not being economically active. Economically not active
persons included homemakers, students, retired persons, the disabled and persons who were
unable to work due to their age or ill-health.
11
Occupation
This referred to the type of work the person was engaged in at the establishment where he/she
worked. This was asked only of persons 5 years and older who worked 7 days before the
census night, and those who did not work but had a job to return to as well as those
unemployed who had worked before. All persons who worked during the 7 days before the
census night were classified by the kind of work they were engaged in. The emphasis was on
the work the person did during the reference period and not what he/she was trained to do.
For those who did not work but had a job to return to, their occupation was the job they
would go back to after the period of absence. Also, for persons who had worked before and
were seeking for work and available for work, their occupation was on the last work they did
before becoming unemployed. If a person was engaged in more than one occupation, only the
main one was considered.
Industry
Industry referred to the type of product produced or service rendered at the respondent’s work
place. Information was collected only on the main product produced or service rendered in
the establishment during the reference period.
Employment status
Employment status refers to the status of a person in the establishment where he/she currently
works or previously worked. Eight employment status categories were provided: employee,
self-employed without employees, self-employed with employees, casual worker,
contributing family worker, apprentice, domestic employee (house help). Persons who could
not be classified under any of the above categories were classified as “other”.
Employment sector
This refers to the sector in which a person worked. The employment sectors covered in the
census were public, private formal, private informal, semi-public/parastatal, NGOs and
international organizations.
Disability
Persons with disability were defined as those who were unable to or were restricted in the
performance of specific tasks/activities due to loss of function of some part of the body as a
result of impairment or malformation. Information was collected on persons with visual/sight
impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, emotional or behavioural disorders and
other physical challenges.
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
Information Communication Technology (ICT) questions were asked for both individuals and
households. Persons having mobile phones refer to respondents 12 years and older who
owned mobile phones (irrespective of the number of mobile phones owned by each person).
Persons using internet facility refers to those who had access to internet facility at home,
internet cafe, on mobile phone or other mobile device. Internet access is assumed to be not
only via computer, but also by mobile phones, PDA, game machine and digital television.
Households having Personal Computers/Laptops refer to households who own
desktops/laptop computers. The fixed telephone line refers to a telephone line connecting a
12
customer’s terminal equipment (e.g. telephone set, facsimile machine) to the public switch
telephone network.
Fertility
Two types of fertility data were collected: lifetime fertility and current fertility. Lifetime
fertility refers to the total number of live births that females 12 years and older had ever had
during their life time. Current fertility refers to the number of live births that females 12-54
years old had in the 12 months preceding the Census Night.
Mortality
Mortality refers to all deaths that occurred in the household during the 12 months preceding
the Census Night. The report presents information on deaths due to accidents, violence,
homicide and suicide. In addition, data were collected on pregnancy-related deaths of
females 12-54 years.
Agriculture
The census sought information on household members who are engaged in agricultural
activities, including the cultivation of crops or tree planting, rearing of livestock or breeding
of fish for sale or family consumption. Information was also collected on their farms, types of
crops and number and type of livestock.
Housing conditions and facilities
The UN recommended definition of a house as “a structurally separate and independent place
of abode such that a person or group of persons can isolate themselves from the hazards of
climate such as storms and the sun’’ was adopted. The definition, therefore, covered any type
of shelter used as living quarters, such as separate houses, semi-detached houses,
flats/apartments, compound houses, huts, tents, kiosks and containers.
Living quarters or dwelling units refer to a specific area or space occupied by a particular
household and therefore need not necessarily be the same as the house of which the dwelling
unit may be a part.
Information collected on housing conditions included the type of dwelling unit, main
construction materials for walls, floor and roof, holding/tenure arrangement, ownership type,
type of lighting, source of water supply and toilet facilities. Data was also collected on
method of disposal of solid and liquid waste.
1.7
Organization of the Report
The entire report consists of nine chapters. Chapter one consists of the district profile;
introduction, physical features, political administration, district figure (map), social and
cultural structure, economy/ tourism, census methodology, concepts and definitions and
organization of the report. Chapter two is made up of demographic characteristics;
introduction, population size and distribution, age-sex structure, migration, fertility and
mortality.
Chapter three comprises social characteristics; introduction, household size, composition and
headship, marital status, nationality, religious affiliation, and literacy and education. Chapter
four consists of economic characteristics; introduction, activity status, occupation, industry
and employment status and sector. Chapter five is information communication technology
13
(ICT); introduction, ownership of mobile phones, use of internet facility, household
ownership of fixed telephone lines and household ownership of desktop/laptop computers.
Chapter six constitutes disability; introduction, population with disability, types of disability,
distribution by type of locality, disability and activity, disability, education and literacy.
Chapter seven also comprises agriculture; introduction, households in agriculture, and types
of farming activities. Chapter eight consists of housing conditions; introduction, housing
stock, type of dwelling holding and tenancy agreement, construction materials used, room
occupancy, access to utility and household facility, main source of water for drinking and
other domestic use, bathing and toilet facilities and method of waste disposal. The last
chapter, nine, comprises summary and policy implications.
14
CHAPTER TWO
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
2.1
Introduction
A district’s population size and distribution as well as age-sex composition have an impact on
a number of socio-economic indicators such as the welfare of the people, including provision
of educational infrastructure, health and water facilities. Changes in the district’s population
are usually influenced by three variables; fertility, migration and mortality levels, which have
a direct relationship on age-sex composition. The 2010 Population and Housing Census
counted everyone in the district irrespective of their nationality. The aim of this chapter is to
analyze the population size and distribution, age, sex ratio, migration, fertility as well as
mortality.
2.2
Population Size and distribution
As shown in Table 2.1, the district recorded a population of 99,863 comprising 48.3 percent
males and 51.7 percent females. The population in rural areas (85,918) is more than that in
the urban areas (13,945).
2.3
Population Pyramid and Age –Sex structure
An important tool for analysing age and sex structure of a population is age-sex pyramid. As
shown in Figure 2.1, the shape of the pyramid for the district is broad based in structure an
indication of a youthful and growing population. The pyramid also shows that generally the
population decreases as age increases until it finally ends with a conical shape. But the
proportion of population 5-9 years is slightly higher than the proportion aged 0-4 years
perhaps due to high infant mortality and/or age misreporting. From age 20-24 to 55-59 years,
there is a sharp narrowing of the pyramid for both male and female but more for males than
females. This feature may be due to a combination of factors; higher levels of migration for
males and relatively higher male mortality.
A general idea of the age structure of the population can be obtained by dividing the
population into broad age groups; 0-14 years (children), 15-64 years (adults) and 65 years
and older (the elderly). The age group 0-14 years, generally referred to as children, form
about 47.6 percent of the population with sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) of
109.7. The adults 15- 64 years (also referred to as the productive population) constitute 47.5
percent (sex ratio 109.7), while those 65 years and older make up 4.9 percent (with sex ratio
96.7). With a large proportion of children the growth rate is likely to be high with its
attendant challenges. However, the equally high proportion of the productive group properly
directed may offset some of the challenges.
15
Figure 2.1: Population pyramid by age and sex
Age
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
10,000
Male
5,000
Female
0
Population
5,000
10,000
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
2.3
Population Pyramid and Age -Sex structure
An important tool for analysing age and sex structure of a population is age-sex pyramid. As
shown in Figure 2.1, the shape of the pyramid for the district is broad based in structure an
indication of a youthful and growing population. The pyramid also shows that generally the
population decreases as age increases until it finally ends with a conical shape. But the
proportion of population 5-9 years is slightly higher than the proportion aged 0-4 years
perhaps due to high infant mortality and/or age misreporting. From age 20-24 to 55-59 years,
there is a sharp narrowing of the pyramid for both male and female but more for males than
females. This feature may be due to a combination of factors; higher levels of migration for
males and relatively higher male mortality.
A general idea of the age structure of the population can be obtained by dividing the
population into broad age groups; 0-14 years (children), 15-64 years (adults) and 65 years
and older (the elderly). The age group 0-14 years, generally referred to as children, form
about 47.6 percent of the population with sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) of
109.7. The adults 15- 64 years (also referred to as the productive population) constitute 47.5
percent (sex ratio 109.7), while those 65 years and older make up 4.9 percent (with sex ratio
96.7). With a large proportion of children the growth rate is likely to be high with its
attendant challenges. However, the equally high proportion of the productive group properly
directed may offset some of the challenges.
16
Table 2.1: Population by age, sex and type of locality
Sex
Age Group
All Ages
0-4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
80 - 84
85 - 89
90 - 94
95 - 99
85+
All Ages
0-14
15-64
65+
Age-dependency ratio
Both
Sexes
99,863
16,009
17,322
14,213
11,048
5,861
5,208
5,044
4,584
4,456
3,383
3,310
1,997
2,535
1,357
1,456
774
715
334
175
82
591
99,863
47,544
47,426
4,893
110.57
Male
48,269
8,143
9,081
7,643
5,944
2,760
2,101
1,782
1,669
1,679
1,442
1,483
927
1,209
647
708
399
370
165
80
37
282
48,269
24,867
20,996
2,406
129.9
Type of locality
Female
51,594
7,866
8,241
6,570
5,104
3,101
3,107
3,262
2,915
2,777
1,941
1,827
1,070
1,326
710
748
375
345
169
95
45
309
51,594
22,677
26,430
2,487
95.21
Sex
ratio
93.6
103.5
110.2
116.3
116.5
89
67.6
54.6
57.3
60.5
74.3
81.2
86.6
91.2
91.1
94.7
106.4
107.2
97.6
84.2
82.2
91.26
93.6
109.7
79.4
96.7
Urban
13,945
1,735
1,884
1,913
2,126
1,296
1,073
848
635
505
399
431
247
253
172
203
114
68
25
11
7
43
13,945
5,532
7,813
600
78.48
Rural
85,918
14,274
15,438
12,300
8,922
4,565
4,135
4,196
3,949
3,951
2,984
2,879
1,750
2,282
1,185
1,253
660
647
309
164
75
548
85,918
42,012
39,613
4,293
116.89
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
2.3.2 Sex ratio
The sex ratio of the district is 93.6. This means that there are more females than males.
However, sex ratios for age groups 0 to 19 years and 75 to 84 years are higher than 100. This
means that there are more males in these age groups than females. On the other hand, there
are more females in the other age groups than males. This is shown by sharp drop in sex ratio
from 116.5 at age 15-19 to 89.0 at age 20-24. The drop in sex ratio continues to a low of 54.6
at age 30-34 and then rises gradually to 106.4 at age 75-79. This may be due to higher death
rates of males compared to females and/or higher male migration.
2.3.3 Dependency ratio
Dependency ratio is the ratio of population in the “dependent” ages (usually 0-14 and 65
years and older) to the population in the working age group (15-64 years). The dependency
ratio for the district is 110.6. This means that 110.6 persons depend on 100 persons. The
data also show that dependency ratio is higher in rural, 116.9, than in urban localities, 78.48.
17
2.4
Fertility, Mortality and Migration
2.4.1 Fertility
Table 2.2 shows that women 15-49 years is 22,207. The district also recorded 2,230 births 12
months prior to the 2010 population census. The district’s total fertility rate is 3.65 children,
general fertility rate, 100.4 and crude birth rate 22.3. The data show that the district’s total
fertility rate of 3.65 is a little higher than the region’s total fertility rate (3.54), Zabzugu Tatali
(2.88), Karaga (2.90) and Tamale Metropolis (2.97). However, the proportion is lower than
West Gonja (4.30), Kpandai (4.33), Nanumba South (4.20) and Savelugu Nanton (4.33).
Table 2.2: Reported total fertility rate, general fertility rate and crude birth rate
by district
District
All Districts
Tamale Metropolis
Yendi Municipal
Mamprusi West
Nanumba North
Savelugu Nanton
East Gonja
Zabzugu Tatali
Bunkpurugu Yonyo
Mamprusi East
Tolon Kumbugu
Gushiegu
Kpandai
Sawla-Tuna-Kalba
Nanumba South
Gonja Central
West Gonja
Karaga
Saboba
Bole
Chereponi
Population
2,479,461
371,351
199,592
168,011
141,584
139,283
135,450
123,854
122,591
121,009
112,331
111,259
108,816
99,863
93,464
87,877
84,727
77,706
65,706
61,593
53,394
Number of
women 1549 years
582,897
97,889
46,498
38,222
32,246
33,942
31,216
29,699
26,725
27,145
25,879
26,349
24,066
22,207
21,210
20,555
19,741
18,666
14,519
14,471
11,652
Number
of births
in last 12
months
59,391
8,322
4,290
4,151
3,143
4,300
3,071
2,323
2,893
2,785
2,505
2,868
2,959
2,230
2,542
2,086
2,273
1,621
1,871
1,663
1,495
Total *General **Crude
Fertility Fertility
Birth
Rate
Rate
Rate
3.54
101.9
24
2.97
85
22.4
3.18
92.3
21.5
3.7
108.6
24.7
3.38
97.5
22.2
4.33
126.7
30.9
3.61
98.4
22.7
2.88
78.2
18.8
3.77
108.3
23.6
3.64
102.6
23
3.34
96.8
22.3
3.67
108.8
25.8
4.33
123
27.2
3.65
100.4
22.3
4.2
119.8
27.2
3.58
101.5
23.7
4.3
115.1
26.8
2.9
86.8
20.9
4.21
128.9
28.5
3.82
114.9
27
4.3
128.3
28
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Note: * Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 year
** Number of live births per 1,000 population
2.4.2 Mortality
Table 2.3 shows that 111,292 children (both sexes) were born to 32,590 females of all ages.
Males accounted for 57,247 and females 54,043. Children surviving were 45,649 males and
43,860 females. This means that 11,600 males and 10,183 females born to the women have
died.
Table 2.3 shows that age group 60 years and over has the highest number of children ever
born of 12,318 males and 11,739 females. It is also the age group that realized the highest
children surviving of 8,742 males and 8,552 females.
18
Table 2.3: Female population 12 years and older by age, children ever born,
children surviving and sex of child
Age
All Ages
12-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60+
Number
of
Female
32,590
3,673
5,104
3,101
3,107
3,262
2,915
2,777
1,941
1,827
1,070
3,813
Children Ever Born
Both
Sexes
Male
Female
111,292 57,249
54,043
15
10
5
555
279
276
3,081
1,540
1,541
7,720
4,026
3,694
12,881
6,665
6,216
15,033
7,772
7,261
16,716
8,665
8,051
12,180
6,241
5,939
12,108
6,179
5,929
6,946
3,554
3,392
24,057 12,318
11,739
Children Surviving
Both
Sexes
Male Female
89,509
45,649 43,860
13
8
5
478
227
251
2,730
1,351
1,379
6,828
3,554
3,274
11,292
5,787
5,505
12,816
6,578
6,238
13,677
7,052
6,625
9,827
4,995
4,832
9,320
4,667
4,653
5,234
2,688
2,546
17,294
8,742
8,552
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.4 shows that the district recorded a total population of 99,863 with 722 deaths in
households in the 12 months prior to the Census night. The crude death rate is 7.2 per 1,000
population, and it is the fifth highest in the region and higher than the regional average of
5.93 per 1000 population.
Table 2.4: Total population, death in households and crude death rate
District
All Districts
Bole
Bunkpurugu Yunyoo
Central Gonja
Chereponi
East Gonja
East Mamprusi
Gushiegu
Karaga
Kpandai
Nanumba North
Nanumba South
Saboba
Savelugu Nanton
Sawla-Tuna-Kalba
Tamale Metropolis
Tolon Kumbugu
West Gonja
West Mamprusi
Yendi
Zabzugu-Tatale
Total
population
2,479,461
61,593
122,591
87,877
53,394
135,450
121,009
111,259
77,706
108,816
141,584
93,464
65,706
139,283
99,863
371,351
112,331
84,727
168,011
199,592
123,854
Deaths in
Households
14,715
450
575
334
288
761
619
744
501
554
653
542
235
1,413
722
2,104
845
444
1,232
1,293
406
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Note: * Deaths per 1,000 population
19
*Crude death
rate (per 1,000)
population)
5.93
7.31
4.69
3.8
5.39
5.62
5.12
6.69
6.45
5.09
4.61
5.8
3.58
10.14
7.23
5.67
7.52
5.24
7.33
6.48
3.28
2.4.3 Migration
This section provides information on persons who were not born in the locality of
enumeration and currently live in the district. The duration of which they have lived at their
current residence was also determined. Table 2.4 shows that 14,031 persons enumerated in
the district were either born elsewhere in the region 5,847 or born elsewhere outside the
region 8,184. About 24.3 percent of persons enumerated in the district but were not born in
the locality have lived there between 1-4 years, 12.9 percent has resided in the area from 5 to
9 years, while 18.5 percent have also lived in the locality for a period of 10-19 years.
Majority (4,816) of these migrants are from Upper East region, while 1,246 are from outside
Ghana. 929 are from Ashanti region, 434 from Brong Ahafo region, and 293 from Western
region.
Table 2.5: Birth place of migrants by duration of stay at current residence
Birthplace
Total
Born elsewhere in the region
Born elsewhere in another region:
Western
Central
Greater Accra
Volta
Eastern
Ashanti
Brong Ahafo
Northern
Upper East
Upper west
Outside Ghana
Total
14,031
5,847
293
47
85
61
108
929
434
165
4,816
1,246
Duration of residence (%)
1-4
5-9
10-19
years
years
years
24.3
12.9
18.5
22.6
12.4
17.2
43.3
31.9
32.9
32.8
31.5
35.5
39.6
21.2
16.4
43.6
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
20
11.3
10.6
3.5
26.2
17.6
15.5
14.7
12.1
12.0
15.7
10.9
17.0
10.6
6.6
8.3
17.7
15.7
18.2
23.7
10.0
CHAPTER THREE
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.1
Introduction
Households are the basic units in which people live. Trends in the number, type and
composition of households are important to sociologists, planners and policy makers. A
household is often defined as one or more persons who occupy a single housing unit and are
catered for as a unit. Household consist of related persons or persons who are unrelated by
birth, but live together and recognize one person as the head. This chapter addresses among
other things household composition, headship, marriage, nationality, education and literacy.
3.2
Household Composition, Headship and Structure
3.2.1 Household composition and headship
Table 3.1 shows that head of households (14,906) in the district form 15.1 percent of
household population. Male heads among the male population in the district constitute 23.5
percent, while female heads among female population make up 7.2 percent. Child
(Son/Daughter) constitutes the largest proportion of households (50.5 percent), followed by
spouse (wife/husband) 9.7 percent. The lowest proportion son/daughter in-law is only one
percent.
Table 3.1: Household population by composition and sex
Household composition
Total
Head
Spouse (wife/husband)
Child (son/daughter)
Parent/parent in-law
Son/daughter in-law
Grandchild
Brother/sister
Step child
Adopted/foster child
Other relative
Non-relative
Total
Number Percent
98,880
100.0
14,906
15.1
9,607
9.7
49,949
50.5
1,386
1.4
984
1.0
7,227
7.3
3,289
3.3
1,624
1.6
466
0.5
9,013
9.1
429
0.4
Male
Number Percent
47,746
100.0
11,235
23.5
263
0.6
27,175
56.9
184
0.4
93
0.2
3,508
7.4
1,813
3.8
838
1.8
230
0.5
2,207
4.6
200
0.4
Female
Number Percent
51,134
100.0
3,671
7.2
9,344
18.3
22,774
44.5
1,202
2.4
891
1.7
3,719
7.3
1,476
2.9
786
1.5
236
0.5
6,806
13.3
229
0.5
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.2.2 Household structure
Table 3.2 provides information on household living arrangements with reference to whether
the household is a nuclear family or extended family. The data show majority of households
are made up of extended family with head, spouse(s), children and head’s relatives (49.7%),
and nuclear family structure with head, spouse(s) and children (22.9%) as well as single
parent extended (single adult person living with a relative who is not a biological child)
(11.0%). The lowest (0.4%) covers those who live in households of single parent extended
with non-relative. The district has more rural localities than urban localities and that may
explain the predominance of the extended family system.
21
About equal proportions of males and females live in extended family structure with head,
spouse/children and head’s relative (49.5% males and 49.9% females).
The proportions of males and females living in nuclear family (head, spouse and children)
structure do not vary much (25.3% males and 20.8% females).
Table 3.2: Household population by structure and sex
Household structure
Total
Head only
Head and a spouse only
Nuclear (Head, spouse(s) and
children)
Extended (Head, spouse(s), children
and Head's relatives)
Extended + non relatives
Head, spouse(s) and other
composition
Single parent Nuclear
Single parent Extended
Single parent Extended + non
relative
Head and other composition but no
spouse
Total
Number Percent
98,880
100.0
948
1.0
534
0.5
Male
Number Percent
47,746
100.0
582
1.2
266
0.6
Female
Number
Percent
51,134
100.0
366
0.7
268
0.5
22,685
22.9
12,074
25.3
10,611
20.8
49,140
1,238
49.7
1.3
23,611
574
49.5
1.2
25,529
664
49.9
1.3
2,226
6,340
10,830
2.3
6.4
11.0
1,021
2,840
4,634
2.1
6.0
9.7
1,205
3,500
6,196
2.4
6.8
12.1
344
0.4
147
0.3
197
0.4
4,595
4.7
1,997
4.2
2,598
5.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.3
Marital Status
Figure 3.1 provides information on distribution of marital status in the district. The Figure
shows that persons married constitutes 52 percent followed by never married 39 percent
while widowed constitute 6 percent. The proportion of informal consensual union account for
one percent, divorce one percent while separated also forms one percent respectively.
22
Figure 3.1: Marital status
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.3.1 Marital status, age and sex
Table 3.3 shows the population 12 years and older by marital status, sex and age. Figure 3.1
indicates a higher proportion of the population, 51.9 percent are married while 39.6 percent
have never married. The Table 3.3 further show that the proportion never married decreases
from a high of 94.6 percent (12-14 years) gradually to a low of 2.0 percent (55-59 years).
Conversely, the proportion married increases from a low of 5.2 percent (12-14 years)
gradually to a peak of 88.6 percent at age 35-39 then gradually declines. The widowed
follows a pattern of gradual increase from a low of 0.0 percent at age 12-14 to a high of 31.4
percent at age 65 and older.
Males who are never married is higher (49.7%) than that of females (31.0%) indicating
females generally marry at earlier ages than males. Conversely higher proportions of females
(55.9%) are married than males (46.5%). Proportion widowed is much lower among males
(1.5%) compared to females (9.7%).
Data on marital status by sex and age show a pattern similar to the one described above for
both males and females with little variation. The most notable variation between the sexes is
the disproportionately high widowed females at ages 45-49, 11.5 percent, 50-54, 19.3
percent, 55-59, 28.4 percent, 60-64, 38.4 percent and 65+, 53.3 percent. The corresponding
values for males are 45-49, 1.2 percent, 50-54, 2.4 percent, 55-59, 3.0 percent, 60-64, 5.2
percent and 65 years and older 8.7 percent.
23
Table 3.3: Marital status of persons 12 years and older by sex and age-group
Total
Sex/age-group
Both Sexes
Total
12-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
Male
Total
12-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
Female
Total
12-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
Informal/
consensual
union/living
together
Never
married
Number
Percent
60,242
7,923
11,048
5,861
5,208
5,044
4,584
4,456
3,383
3,310
1,997
2,535
4,893
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.6
94.6
90.3
61.2
28.4
11.0
4.4
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.4
3.1
0.7
0.2
0.6
1.8
1.8
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.1
27,652
4,250
5,944
2,760
2,101
1,782
1,669
1,679
1,442
1,483
927
1,209
2,406
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.7
95.0
94.3
80.6
47.9
21.7
8.3
5.5
3.5
3.0
2.3
3.3
3.7
32,590
3,673
5,104
3,101
3,107
3,262
2,915
2,777
1,941
1,827
1,070
1,326
2,487
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.0
94.1
85.7
44.0
15.3
5.2
2.2
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.6
2.6
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
24
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
51.6
5.2
8.6
34.7
65.8
82.2
88.6
88.3
87.1
81.7
77.9
72.0
62.6
1.0
0.0
0.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
0.0
0.1
0.6
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.2
1.7
1.7
6.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.8
1.9
2.5
5.2
7.1
11.8
16.6
22.6
31.4
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.9
1.8
1.0
1.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.1
46.5
4.8
5.3
17.5
48.1
71.9
86.3
89.5
91.7
89.6
91.7
88.9
85.1
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.7
1.0
2.1
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.8
2.6
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
1.1
0.7
1.2
1.2
2.4
3.0
5.2
8.7
0.8
0.2
1.0
2.5
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
55.9
5.7
12.6
50.0
77.7
87.8
89.9
87.6
83.7
75.2
65.9
56.6
40.9
1.2
0.0
0.3
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.4
0.0
0.2
1.0
1.8
2.0
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.9
9.7
0.0
0.2
0.6
1.2
2.4
3.6
7.6
11.5
19.3
28.4
38.4
53.3
3.3.2 Marital status and level of education
Table 3.4 reveals that among males who are never married, 40.8 percent have no education,
while 48.6 percent has basic education and 8.4 percent has secondary education. Comparing
it to their female counterpart 41.7 percent of never married had never being to school, 51
percent attaining basic education and 6 percent having attained secondary education.
Among those who are married 88 percent have no education, 8.2 percent has basic education.
Females who are married and have no education constitute 91.0 percent and only 7.1 percent
has basic school. It is observed that 95.8 percent of female widowed has no education
compared with 92.6 percent of male widowed.
Table 3.4: Marital status of persons 12 years and older by sex and level of education
Sex/Marital status
Both Sexes
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Male
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Female
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Post middle/
secondary
certificate/
diploma3
Tertiary4
Total
All
levels
No
Education
Basic1
Secondary2
Vocational/
technical/
commercial
60,242
23,826
100.0
100.0
69.8
41.2
24.4
49.6
4.1
7.4
0.4
0.5
1.1
1.1
0.2
0.1
417
100.0
69.5
21.3
4.8
1.0
3.1
0.2
31,067
618
723
3,591
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.0
86.6
87.4
95.4
8.2
8.6
7.5
3.8
2.1
3.6
2.8
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.0
1.1
1.0
2.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
27,652
13,738
100.0
100.0
62.5
40.8
29.0
48.6
5.9
8.4
0.4
0.4
1.8
1.5
0.4
0.2
158
100.0
70.3
17.7
5.1
1.3
5.7
0.0
12,862
214
263
417
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
83.8
83.2
84.4
92.6
9.7
8.4
8.7
5.8
3.5
6.1
3.0
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.9
3.8
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
32,590
10,088
100.0
100.0
76.0
41.7
20.5
51.0
2.6
6.0
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
259
100.0
69.1
23.6
4.6
0.8
1.5
0.4
18,205
404
460
3,174
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.0
88.4
89.1
95.8
7.1
8.7
6.7
3.5
1.2
2.2
2.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.3.3 Marital status and economic activity
Table 3.5 shows that in the district, among the population 12 years and older who are never
married 61.8 percent is employed, 0.8 percent unemployed and 37.4 percent economically not
active. With regards to married population, 88.3 percent is employed, 0.7 percent is
unemployed and 11.1 percent economically not active. Among males who are never married
and are employed in the district form 64.3 percent, 0.7 percent unemployed and 35 percent
economically not active. Among males who are married, 90.4 percent is employed, 0.7
percent unemployed and 8.9 percent economically not active.
25
In respect of females, 12 years and older who are never married, 61.8 percent are employed,
0.8 percent unemployed and 37.4 percent economically not active. The proportion of married
indicates that, 88.3 percent is employed, 0.7 percent unemployed, and 11.1 percent
economically not active.
Table 3.5: Persons 12 years and older by sex, marital status and economic
activity status
Sex/Marital status
Both Sexes
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Male
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Total
Number Percent
Female
Total
Never married
Informal/consensual
union/living together
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Employed
Number Percent
Unemployed
Number Percent
Economically not
active
Number
Percent
60,242
23,826
100.0
100.0
45,723
14,722
75.9
61.8
421
185
0.7
0.8
14,098
8,919
23.4
37.4
417
31,067
618
723
3,591
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
354
27,421
523
596
2,107
84.9
88.3
84.6
82.4
58.7
5
205
4
10
12
1.2
0.7
0.6
1.4
0.3
58
3,441
91
117
1,472
13.9
11.1
14.7
16.2
41.0
27,652
13,738
100.0
100.0
21,245
8,827
76.8
64.3
193
96
0.7
0.7
6,214
4,815
22.5
35.0
158
12,862
214
263
417
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
148
11,626
183
214
247
93.7
90.4
85.5
81.4
59.2
0
90
1
5
1
0.0
0.7
0.5
1.9
0.2
10
1,146
30
44
169
6.3
8.9
14.0
16.7
40.5
32,590
10,088
100.0
100.0
24,478
5,895
75.1
58.4
228
89
0.7
0.9
7,884
4,104
24.2
40.7
259
18,205
404
460
3,174
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
206
15,795
340
382
1,860
79.5
86.8
84.2
83.0
58.6
5
115
3
5
11
1.9
0.6
0.7
1.1
0.3
48
2,295
61
73
1,303
18.5
12.6
15.1
15.9
41.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.4
Nationality
Table 3.6 shows that 97.2 percent of the population in the district are Ghanaians, while less
than three percent are non- Ghanaians. Most Ghanaians (95.3%) are Ghanaians by birth while
those with dual nationality constitute about two percent (1.9%), Ghanaians by naturalization
constitutes less than one percent. ECOWAS nationals constitute the highest proportion of
non-Ghanaians (1.2%) while other African nationals other than ECOWAS constitute less than
one percent (0.5 %).
26
Table 3.6: Population by nationality and sex
Nationality
Total
Ghanaian by birth
Dual Nationality
Ghanaian by naturalisation
ECOWAS
Africa other than ECOWAS
Other
Both sexes
Number Percent
99,863
100.0
95,146
95.3
1,855
1.9
679
0.7
1,228
1.2
542
0.5
413
0.4
Male
Number Percent
48,269
100.0
45,971
95.2
868
1.8
336
0.7
639
1.3
257
0.5
198
0.4
Female
Number Percent
51,594
100.0
49,175
95.3
987
1.9
343
0.7
589
1.1
285
0.6
215
0.4
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.5
Religious Affiliation
Table 3.7 indicates that a higher proportion (42.4%) of the population is Christian (catholic,
protestant, Pentecostals and other Christians), 31.0 percent traditionalist (and 20.2 percent in
the Islam religion. The proportions that profess to be Catholic is 26.3 percent, which forms
the highest proportion among the Christians followed by Pentecostal/Charismatic (9.8%)
while Protestants form 4.4 percent. The data further reveal that 43.4 percent females and 41.4
percent males profess to be Christians while 19.9 percent females and 20.5 percent males are
Islamic, and 30.5 percent females and 31.6 percent males are traditionalists. Those without
religion constitute about six percent (5.7%) of the population.
Table 3.7: Population by religion and sex
Religion
Total
No Religion
Catholic
Protestant (Anglican,
Lutheran etc.)
Pentecostal/Charismatic
Other Christians
Islam
Traditionalist
Other (Specify)
Both sexes
Number Percent
99,863
100.0
5,653
5.7
26,273
26.3
Male
Number Percent
48,269
100.0
2,875
6.0
12,431
25.8
Female
Number Percent
51,594
100.0
2,778
5.4
13,842
26.8
4,379
4.4
2,091
4.3
2,288
4.4
9,825
1,924
20,190
30,995
624
9.8
1.9
20.2
31.0
0.6
4,544
897
9,897
15,259
275
9.4
1.9
20.5
31.6
0.6
5,281
1,027
10,293
15,736
349
10.2
2.0
19.9
30.5
0.7
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
3.6
Literacy and Education
Table 3.8 shows the population 11 years and older by sex and age and literacy status. The
data reveal that out of the population of 62,280 about 7 out of 10 persons (68.9%) can neither
read nor write with understanding. It follows that only 31.1 percent can read and write.
The data disaggregated by sex show more females (74.9%) compared with males (61.8%) are
not literate. Generally, percentage literate is higher than percentage not literate among
younger age groups than among older age groups. The percentages who are not literate are
higher than proportions literate for all age groups except ages 11-14 and 15-19. This is also
true for females. For males however, levels of literacy are higher than levels of illiteracy for
age groups 11-14, 15-19 and 20-24.
27
Table 3.8: Population 11 years and older by sex, age and literacy status
Age
Both sexes
Total
11-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Male
Total
11-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Female
Total
11-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
English
only
Ghanaian
language
only
English and
Ghanaian
language
English
and
French
English,
French and
Ghanaian
language
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
59.0
69.0
59.5
48.9
49.2
49.8
48.6
53.5
45.3
43.8
40.9
49.3
62.9
3.6
4.2
3.1
2.8
3.8
2.4
4.2
6.1
2.7
5.8
4.5
2.9
4.0
37.2
26.7
37.2
48.0
46.6
47.7
46.6
39.6
52.0
50.0
54.5
47.9
32.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
11,010
3,233
3,755
1,447
819
501
343
222
162
159
114
93
162
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.5
68.3
58.6
45.7
43.1
44.3
41.7
47.7
43.8
40.9
35.1
46.2
64.8
3.4
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.5
2.2
3.2
5.4
3.1
6.3
0.9
4.3
3.7
39.9
27.7
38.1
50.9
53.0
53.3
54.2
45.5
53.1
52.2
64.0
49.5
31.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
1.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
8,389
2,856
2,989
955
548
332
200
137
94
83
62
47
86
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.4
69.8
60.8
53.6
58.2
58.1
60.5
62.8
47.9
49.4
51.6
55.3
59.3
3.7
4.5
3.0
2.4
4.2
2.7
6.0
7.3
2.1
4.8
11.3
4.7
33.7
25.5
36.1
43.7
37.0
39.2
33.5
29.9
50.0
45.8
37.1
44.7
34.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
None
(not
literate)
Literate
Total
42,881
3,872
4,304
3,459
3,841
4,211
4,041
4,097
3,127
3,068
1,821
2,395
4,645
19,399
6,089
6,744
2,402
1,367
833
543
359
256
242
176
140
248
17,782
2,157
2,189
1,313
1,282
1,281
1,326
1,457
1,280
1,324
813
1,116
2,244
25,099
1,715
2,115
2,146
2,559
2,930
2,715
2,640
1,847
1,744
1,008
1,279
2,401
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
28
Figure 3.2 and Table 3.8 provide information on literate population 11 years and older by age
and language of literacy. About 60.0 percent of the literate population can read and write
English only. Another 37.2 percent is literate in English and Ghanaian language while about
4.0 percent can read and write in a Ghanaian language only. Higher proportions of females
(62.4%) than males (56.5%) are literate in English only and Ghanaian language only (3.7%
females and 3.4% males). However, more males (39.9%) are literate in English and
Ghanaian language only compared to females (33.7%).
Figure 3.2: Literate population 11 years and older by language in which literate
Table 3.9 shows that out of the total of 91,399 of persons three years and older in the district,
62.6 percent have never been to school, 31.2 percent are in school now and 6.2 percent were
in school in the past. School attendance is relatively tilted to the advantage of males although
appreciable number of both males and females in the district has never been to school.
Translating the figures into percentages, 57.6 percent and 67.2 percent of males and females
respectively have never been to school. For those now in school or were in school in the past,
among males, 35 percent is now in school and7.4 percent has been to school before. Among
the females 27.7 percent in school now and 5.1 percent were in school in the past.
Table 3.9: Population 3 years and older by school attendance and sex
School attendance
Total
Never
Now
Past
Total
91,399
57,193
28,519
5,687
Number
Male
44,032
25,346
15,410
3,276
Female
47,367
31,847
13,109
2,411
Total
100.0
62.6
31.2
6.2
Percent
Male Female
100.0
100.0
57.6
67.2
35.0
27.7
7.4
5.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Table 3.10 shows population 3 years and older by school attendance and level of education
show that close to 60 percent are currently in Primary school while 15.3 percent are in
JSS/JHS. Another 5 percent are in SSS/SHS and only 0.4 percent are attending tertiary level
institutions. The data by sex show similar patterns. A slightly higher proportion of females
(60.8%) than males (57.8%) are in primary school while more males (16.4%) than females
(14.0%) are in JSS/JHS. However, a higher proportion of males (6.1%) compared to females
(3.8%) are in SSS/SHS. At the tertiary level also there are more males (0.6%) than females
(0.1%).
29
Data on those who attended school in the past show a higher percentage of females (76.5%)
compared to males (62.4%) attended basic school (Primary, JSS/JHS, middle) and
vocational/Technical/Commercial. However, as observed for those currently in schools,
lower proportions of females than males attended SSS/SHS and Secondary, Post
middle/Secondary school and Tertiary institutions.
30
Table 3.10: Population 3 years and older by level of education, school attendance
Currently attending
Male
Both sexes
Level of education
Total
Nursery
Kindergarten
Primary
JSS/JHS
Middle
SSS/SHS
Secondary
Vocational/technical/
commercial
Post middle/Secondary
certificate
Tertiary
Number
28,519
3,048
2,540
16,864
4,363
1,433
-
Percent
100.0
10.7
8.9
59.1
15.3
Female
Percent
100.0
10.2
8.5
57.8
16.4
0.0
Number
15,410
1,568
1,308
8,900
2,523
933
-
0.0
Number
13,109
1,480
1,232
7,964
1,840
500
-
90
0.3
31
0.2
66
0.2
50
115
0.4
97
0.0
5.0
Attended in the past
Male
Both sexes
Number
5,687
Percent
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,286
1,099
506
867
197
40.2
19.3
8.9
15.2
3.5
59
0.5
150
2.6
0.3
16
0.1
231
0.6
18
0.1
351
0.0
6.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
31
Percent
100.0
11.3
9.4
60.8
14.0
0.0
3.8
Number
3,276
1,158
541
347
560
145
Percent
100.0
Female
Percent
100.0
35.3
16.5
10.6
17.1
4.4
Number
2,411
1,128
558
159
307
52
77
2.4
73
3.0
4.1
168
5.1
63
2.6
6.2
280
8.5
71
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.8
23.1
6.6
12.7
2.2
CHAPTER FOUR
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
4.1
Introduction
The development of every country depends on the kind of human resource available to
produce goods and services. Although all persons, irrespective of age and sex consume goods
and services produced, only a cross section of the total population is often employed. The
type of economic activity pursued is determined by the nature of the economy and level of
socio-economic development (Hull 2009, 2010 PHC National Analytical Report).
4.2
Activity Status
Table 4.1 shows the activity status of the population aged 15 years and older. The data show
that about 79 percent of the population is economically active. The employed forms 99.0
percent of the economically active population, while only 1 percent is unemployed. Figure
4.1 also shows that the proportion of males (80.4%) who are economically active is higher
than females (78.4%). The proportion of economically not active males (19.6%) is lower than
females economically not active (21.6%). About 23 percent of economically not active of the
population is engaged in household chores (23.8%) and relatively high among the females
population (31.9%) compared with those among the males population (12.8%). A significant
proportion of the economically not active population (42.8%)is also in full time education.
Higher percentage of males (58.2%) among the male population than females (31.9%) within
the female population are in this category.
Table 4.1: Population 15 years and older by activity status and sex
Activity status
Total
Economically active
Employed
Worked
Did not work but had job to go
back to
Did voluntary work without
Pay
Unemployed
Worked before, seeking work
and available
Seeking work for the first time
and available
Economically not active
Did home duties (household chore)
Full time education
Pensioner/retired
Disabled/sick
Too old/young
Other
Total
Number Percent
52,319
100.0
41,483
79.3
41,064
99.0
40,481
98.6
Male
Number Percent
23,402
100.0
18,811
80.4
18,620
99.0
18,384
98.7
Female
Number Percent
28,917
100.0
22,672
78.4
22,444
99.0
22,097
98.5
337
0.8
163
0.9
174
0.8
246
419
0.6
1.0
73
191
0.4
1.0
173
228
0.8
1.0
234
55.8
106
55.5
128
56.1
185
10,836
2,582
4,635
54
835
2,272
458
44.2
20.7
23.8
42.8
0.5
7.7
21.0
4.2
85
4,591
587
2,674
33
394
707
196
44.5
19.6
12.8
58.2
0.7
8.6
15.4
4.3
100
6,245
1,995
1,961
21
441
1,565
262
43.9
21.6
31.9
31.4
0.3
7.1
25.1
4.2
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
32
Generally, the larger the employed population, the more wealth is created leading to the
general well-being of the population. Contributing to employment opportunities in any
country are factors such as the structure of the population and the labour force engaged in
productive activities. This section presents information on the activity status, size and
structure of the labour force, and its distribution by occupation, industry, sector of
employment and employment status.
Figure 4.1: Population 15 years and older by economic activity status
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Table 4.2 indicates that, the highest proportion of the employed is the age group 20-44 also
accounting for more than 50 percent of the employed population and then 15-19 years
constituting 16.3 percent. The data also show that unemployment decreases with age. There
are more unemployed population in age group 20-24 (25.3%), 25-29 (18.1%) and 30-34
(15.3%). The lowest proportion of unemployed is in age group 55-59 (4.3%). About 4 in 10
of the economically not active population are aged 15-19 years with significant proportion
also aged 20-24 years (13.7%). The rest of the age groups, except age 65 years and older
have proportions of less than 10 percent.
The patterns of employed, unemployed and the economically not active described above are
virtually the same for the male and female population (Table 4.2).
33
Table 4.2: Employed population 15 years and older by sex, age and active status
Age group
Both sexes
Total
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
Male
Total
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
Female
Total
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65+
All Status
Number Percent
Employed
Number
Percent
Unemployed
Number Percent
Economically not
active
Number Percent
52,319
11,048
5,861
5,208
5,044
4,584
4,456
3,383
3,310
1,997
2,535
4,893
100.0
21.1
11.2
10.0
9.6
8.8
8.5
6.5
6.3
3.8
4.8
9.4
41,064
6,702
4,269
4,392
4,495
4,269
4,139
3,141
3,044
1,782
1,988
2,843
100.0
16.3
10.4
10.7
10.9
10.4
10.1
7.6
7.4
4.3
4.8
6.9
419
52
106
76
64
35
21
10
15
5
32
3
100.0
12.4
25.3
18.1
15.3
8.4
5.0
2.4
3.6
1.2
7.6
0.7
10,836
4,294
1,486
740
485
280
296
232
251
210
515
2,047
100.0
39.6
13.7
6.8
4.5
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.3
1.9
4.8
18.9
23,402
5,944
2,760
2,101
1,782
1,669
1,679
1,442
1,483
927
1,209
2,406
100.0
25.4
11.8
9.0
7.6
7.1
7.2
6.2
6.3
4.0
5.2
10.3
18,620
3,655
1,971
1,755
1,621
1,588
1,593
1,380
1,413
872
1,066
1,706
100.0
19.6
10.6
9.4
8.7
8.5
8.6
7.4
7.6
4.7
5.7
9.2
191
14
45
39
34
19
11
4
10
2
11
2
100.0
7.3
23.6
20.4
17.8
9.9
5.8
2.1
5.2
1.0
5.8
1.0
4,591
2,275
744
307
127
62
75
58
60
53
132
698
100.0
49.6
16.2
6.7
2.8
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.2
2.9
15.2
28,917
5,104
3,101
3,107
3,262
2,915
2,777
1,941
1,827
1,070
1,326
2,487
100.0
17.7
10.7
10.7
11.3
10.1
9.6
6.7
6.3
3.7
4.6
8.6
22,444
3,047
2,298
2,637
2,874
2,681
2,546
1,761
1,631
910
922
1,137
100.0
13.6
10.2
11.7
12.8
11.9
11.3
7.8
7.3
4.1
4.1
5.1
228
38
61
37
30
16
10
6
5
3
21
1
100.0
16.7
26.8
16.2
13.2
7.0
4.4
2.6
2.2
1.3
9.2
0.4
6,245
2,019
742
433
358
218
221
174
191
157
383
1,349
100.0
32.3
11.9
6.9
5.7
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.5
6.1
21.6
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
4.3
Occupation
Table 4.3 shows that over 8 out of the 10 employed population 15 years and older are
engaged as skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers. The next patronized occupation
is craft and related trade workers (7.9%), as well as service and sales workers (5.5%). A
higher proportion of males (87.6%) are engaged in agricultural, forestry, and fishing than
females (78.0%). In addition more males than females are employed as professionals (2.3%
males and 0.3% females) and plant and machine operators and assemblers (1.3% males and
0.0% females). On the other hand, there are more female service and sales workers (7.4%)
34
than males (3.2%) and likewise craft and related trades workers (11.9% females and 3.1%
males).
Table 4.3: Employed population 15 years and older by occupation and sex
Occupation
Total
Managers
Professionals
Technicians and associate
professionals
Clerical support workers
Service and sales workers
Skilled agricultural forestry
and fishery workers
Craft and related trades
workers
Plant and machine operators
and assemblers
Elementary occupations
Other occupations
Both sexes
Male
Female
Number Percent
41,064
100.0
162
0.4
617
1.5
Number Percent
18,620
100.0
84
0.5
436
2.3
Number Percent
22,444
100.0
78
0.3
181
0.8
151
86
2,273
0.4
0.2
5.5
99
57
603
0.5
0.3
3.2
52
29
1,670
0.2
0.1
7.4
33,812
82.3
16,303
87.6
17,509
78.0
3,236
7.9
576
3.1
2,660
11.9
251
475
1
0.6
1.2
0.0
242
219
1
1.3
1.2
0.0
9
256
0
0.0
1.1
0.0
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
4.4
Industry
Table 4.4 provides information on various industries of the employed population 15 years and
older. Agriculture, forestry and fishing employ the largest proportion (81.7%) followed by
manufacturing (6.9%) and wholesale and retail (4.9%). The remaining industries account for
less than five percent of the employed population. The proportion of males (86.9%) in the
agriculture, forestry and fishing sector is higher than that of females (77.3%). On the other
hand, the proportion of females (5.8%) engaged in wholesale and retail, repairs of motor
vehicles and motorcycles is higher than the male proportion (3.8%). In addition more
females (2.2%) than males (0.3%) are employed in the accommodation and food service
activities.
35
Table 4.4: Employed population 15 years and older by industry and sex
Industry
Total
Agriculture forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity gas stream and air
conditioning supply
Water supply; sewerage waste
management and remediation
activities
Construction
Wholesale and retail; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation and storage
Accommodation and food service
activities
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities
Real estate activities
Professional scientific and technical
activities
Administrative and support service
activities
Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security
Education
Human health and social work
activities
Arts entertainment and recreation
Other service activities
Activities of households as
employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of
households for own use
Activities of extraterritorial
organizations and bodies
Both sexes
Number Percent
41,064
100.0
33,533
81.7
27
0.1
2,837
6.9
Male
Number Percent
18,620
100.0
16,178
86.9
25
0.1
442
2.4
Female
Number Percent
22,444
100.0
17,355
77.3
2
0.0
2,395
10.7
2
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.0
18
0.0
11
0.1
7
0.0
70
0.2
66
0.4
4
0.0
2,007
4.9
714
3.8
1,293
5.8
199
0.5
192
1.0
7
0.0
557
15
23
0
1.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
57
14
14
0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
500
1
9
0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
247
0.6
29
0.2
218
1.0
54
0.1
45
0.2
9
0.0
216
479
0.5
1.2
179
373
1.0
2.0
37
106
0.2
0.5
127
11
510
0.3
0.0
1.2
59
10
177
0.3
0.1
1.0
68
1
333
0.3
0.0
1.5
129
0.3
33
0.2
96
0.4
3
0.0
0
0.0
3
0.0
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
4.5
Employment Status
Figure 4.2 indicates that majority of the employed population are either self-employed
without employees (44.9%) or contributing family workers (48.2%). About four percent of
the employed population are employees and only 0.5 percent constitutes domestic employees
(House help), while apprentice accounts for 1 percent. There are more males (57.2%) selfemployed without employees than females (34.7%). The proportion of female contributing
family worker is higher (59.7%) than that of males (34.3%). However, more males (5.6%)
than females (1.8%) are employees.
36
Figure 4.2: Employment status
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
4.6
Employment Sector
The data in Table 4.5 shows that the private informal sector is the largest employer in the
district’s economy, accounting for 96.9 percent of the employed population, followed by
public (Government) (2.0%) and private formal sector, (0.6%). Other sectors like NGOs
(Local and International), semi-public/parastatal and other international organizations
account for only 0.4 percent of the employment sector. Females in the private informal sector
constitute 98.2 percent, whereas among the males, it is 95.4 percent. In addition, more males
(3.4%) than females (0.9%) are employed in the public sector (government).
Table 4.5: Employed population 15 years and older by employment sector and sex
Employment Sector
Total
Public (Government)
Private Formal
Private Informal
Semi-Public/Parastatal
NGOs (Local and International)
Other International Organisations
Both sexes
Number Percent
41,064
100.0
840
2.0
256
0.6
39,809
96.9
22
0.1
133
0.3
4
0.0
Male
Number Percent
18,620
100.0
632
3.4
149
0.8
17,771
95.4
10
0.1
58
0.3
0
0.0
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
37
Female
Number
Percent
22,444
100.0
208
0.9
107
0.5
22,038
98.2
12
0.1
75
0.3
4
0.0
CHAPTER FIVE
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
5.1
Introduction
The importance of Information Communication Technology (ICT) cannot be underestimated
as a tool in today’s knowledge-based economy both locally and internationally. The role of
ICT in an emerging economy like Ghana has been widely recognized at various levels. The
recognition is reflected in actions such as the development and deployment of a national ICT
infrastructure, institutional and regulatory frame work for managing the sector, promoting the
use of ICT in all sectors of the economy, e–government in all government institutions, the
banking, mobile phones and manufacturing industries among others.
The impact of this development on the economic and social transformation of Ghana seems
to have been positive. The use of ICT has created substantial jobs and reduced cost of
transaction. The contribution of ICT to GDP increased from (2.3%) in 2009 to (10.5%) in
2011 (NDPC, 2011). This chapter analyses access to ICT facilities by sex.
5.2
Ownership of Mobile Phones
Table 5.1 shows that 12.1 percent of the population 12 years and older own mobile phones.
Among males 17.2 percent own mobile phones while 7.8 percent of females have mobile
phones.
Table 5.1: Population 12 years and older by sex, mobile phone ownership
and internet facility usage
Sex
Total
Male
Female
Population 12
years and older
Number Percent
60,242
100.0
27,652
45.9
32,590
54.1
Population having
mobile phone
Number
Percent
7,313
12.1
4,765
17.2
2,548
7.8
Population using
internet facility
Number Percent
431
0.7
313
1.1
118
0.4
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
5.3
Use of Internet
Table 5.1 indicates that internet use among the population 12 years and older is low (0.7%)
However among males it is slightly higher (1.1%) than among females (0.4%).
5.4
Household Ownership of Desktop/laptops
Table 5.2 indicates that households with desktop/laptops computers are less than one percent
(0.8%). Among male headed households, ownership of laptop/desktop computer is 0.9
percent while that of female headed households is 0.5 percent.
38
Table 5.2: Household ownership of desk/top computer by
sex of head
Sex
Total
Male
Female
Households
Number Percent
14,906
100.0
11,235
75.4
3,671
24.6
Households
having
desktop/laptop
Number Percent
122
0.8
103
0.9
19
0.5
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
39
CHAPTER SIX
DISABILITY
6.1
Introduction
Disability and level A disabled person can be described as any person who is unable to
perform a specific function or task due to a malfunction of part of his body. Persons with
disability (PWDs) face a wide range of challenges because of their state or condition.
Disability in any form can limit an individual’s full participation in a number of activities in
his or her lifetime. Estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that there
are over six hundred million PWDs in the world, of which about (80%) live in low-Income
Countries (Ayiku 2012). Various conventions have been ratified and adopted by Ghana, and
the 1992 constitution has recognized and guaranteed the fundamental human rights of these
categories of persons. All these conventions and constitutional rights of the people,
notwithstanding PWDs still face some challenges that prevent them from participating fully
in social activities on an equal basis because of marginalization they face in society.
Disability has now become a major national issue championed by Civil Society Organizations
(CSOs), Human Rights Advocacy (HRA) as well as the state. All these bodies recognize the
need to give this category of people the needed attention, just as their physically fit
counterparts. The government has of late passed persons with disability act, 2006 (Act 715).
This Act seeks to give PWDs the right to employment, education, transportation, housing
facilities, health care and others.
The Ghana Statistical Service, in its 2010 PHC collected a set of data on PWDs to enable the
state and other organizations interested in improving the lives of PWDs to understand the
situation of this group of people in society. The chapter therefore explores the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of PWDS, distribution by type of locality, type of
education and literacy.
6.2
Population with Disability
The information on Table 6.1 shows that there are 2,618 people with some form of disability
in the district, forming a little over two percent of the population. The number of males with
disability 1,284 representing 2.7 percent of the male population while females with disability
is 1,334 representing 2.6 percent of all females in the district.
40
Table 6.1: Disability status of population by locality type and sex
Disability Type
All localities
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
Urban
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
Rural
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
Both sexes
Number Percent
Male
Number Percent
Female
Number
Percent
99,863
97,245
2,618
1,026
573
358
639
316
362
248
100.0
97.4
2.6
39.2
21.9
13.7
24.4
12.1
13.8
9.5
48,269
46,985
1,284
493
240
184
311
159
180
125
100.0
97.3
2.7
38.4
18.7
14.3
24.2
12.4
14.0
9.7
51,594
50,260
1,334
533
333
174
328
157
182
123
100.0
97.4
2.6
40.0
25.0
13.0
24.6
11.8
13.6
9.2
13,945
13,664
281
89
47
47
76
42
51
16
100.0
98.0
2.0
31.7
16.7
16.7
27.0
14.9
18.1
5.7
6,732
6,599
133
40
16
25
40
18
25
5
100.0
98.0
2.0
30.1
12.0
18.8
30.1
13.5
18.8
3.8
7,213
7,065
148
49
31
22
36
24
26
11
100.0
97.9
2.1
33.1
20.9
14.9
24.3
16.2
17.6
7.4
85,918
83,581
2,337
937
526
311
563
274
311
232
100.0
97.3
2.7
40.1
22.5
13.3
24.1
11.7
13.3
9.9
41,537
40,386
1,151
453
224
159
271
141
155
120
100.0
97.2
2.8
39.4
19.5
13.8
23.5
12.3
13.5
10.4
44,381
43,195
1,186
484
302
152
292
133
156
112
100.0
97.3
2.7
40.8
25.5
12.8
24.6
11.2
13.2
9.4
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
6.3
Type of Disability
The data on Table 6.1 shows that the sight impaired form the highest proportion (39.2%)
followed by the physically disabled (24.4%) and hearing difficulties (21.9%).
The Table further indicates that sight impairment is the most common form of disability
among both males (38.4%) and females (40.0%). Males and females PWDs have about equal
proportions of the physically challenged (24.2% males and 24.6% females). Among PWDs,
females 25.0 percent and males 18.7 percent have hearing disability. The proportion of males
with speech disability account for 14.3 percent, a little higher than females with same form of
disability (13.0%).
41
Figure 6.1: Population by type of disability
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
6.4
Disability by Type of Locality
The data indicates that a higher proportion of disabled population is in rural areas (2.7%) than
in urban areas (2.0%). The data show that those with sight problems (31.7%) constitute
highest in the urban areas compared to physical disability (27.0%), emotion (18.1%), hearing
(16.7%) and speech problems (16.7%). The data also show that the population in the rural
areas with sight disability accounts for (40.1%), followed by physical disability (24.1%) and
hearing (22.5%).
6.5
Disability and Economic Activity Status and Sex
In respect of disability and economic status, Table 6.2 show that out of the 2001 persons with
disability, 55.3 percent is employed, 0.5 percent unemployed, while 44.2 percent is
economically not active. The proportion with hearing disability and are employed accounts
for (60.7%), unemployed (0.7%) while economically not active is (38.6%). The data also
show that generally, PWDs who are economically not active form a sizable percentage with
respect to all forms disability.
In addition, the data show that males with sight disability (57.4%) and females (46.1%) are
employed, while males (0.2%) and females (0.2%) are unemployed. Males (42.4%) and
females (53.6%) of sight impairment are economically not active. The data further show that
males (70.7%) and females (54.2%) with hearing disability are employed, while males
(29.3%) and females also with hearing impaired (44.6%) are economically not active. The
data indicates that more males generally are likely to be employed than their female
counterparts irrespective of the type of disability.
42
Table 6.2: Persons 15 years and older with disability by economic activity status
and sex
Sex/Disability
type
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
Male
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
Female
Total
Without disability
With disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellect
Emotion
Other
All Status
Employed
Unemployed
Economically Not
Active
Number
52,319
50,318
2,001
861
415
211
525
223
242
169
Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number
41,064
39,958
1,106
443
252
133
239
111
169
117
Percent
78.5
79.4
55.3
51.5
60.7
63.0
45.5
49.8
69.8
69.2
Number
419
408
11
2
3
3
3
2
0
0
Percent
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.7
1.4
0.6
0.9
0.0
0.0
Number
10,836
9,952
884
416
160
75
283
110
73
52
Percent
20.7
19.8
44.2
48.3
38.6
35.5
53.9
49.3
30.2
30.8
23,402
22,452
950
408
164
99
240
116
122
84
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18,620
18,045
575
234
116
68
119
62
93
66
79.6
80.4
60.5
57.4
70.7
68.7
49.6
53.4
76.2
78.6
191
188
3
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.9
0.0
0.0
4,591
4,219
372
173
48
31
120
53
29
18
19.6
18.8
39.2
42.4
29.3
31.3
50.0
45.7
23.8
21.4
28,917
27,866
1,051
453
251
112
285
107
120
85
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22,444
21,913
531
209
136
65
120
49
76
51
77.6
78.6
50.5
46.1
54.2
58.0
42.1
45.8
63.3
60.0
228
220
8
1
3
3
2
1
0
0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.2
1.2
2.7
0.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
6,245
5,733
512
243
112
44
163
57
44
34
21.6
20.6
48.7
53.6
44.6
39.3
57.2
53.3
36.7
40.0
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
6.6
Disability and Level of Education
In respect of disability and level of education, Table 6.3 show that out of the 2530 persons 3
years and older with disability, 77.9 percent have never been to school, 2.6 percent had only
pre-primary education, 16.1 percent have basic education attainment and 3.3 percent have
attained education in secondary and higher. Only 1.8 percent of persons with hearing
difficulties have attained secondary and higher level of education
The data shows that generally PWDs do not go to school (74.8% males and 80.9% females).
Only a few of males (12.1%) with sight disability and females (13%) have basic education,
and males (2.9%) and females (1.1%) have secondary and higher. The data indicates that
more males generally are likely to go to school than their female counterparts irrespective of
the type of disability.
43
Table 6.3: Population 3 years and older by sex, disability type and level of education
Number
Sex/Disability
type
Total
No disability
With a disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Other
Male
Total
No disability
With a disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Other
Female
Total
No disability
With a disability
Sight
Hearing
Speech
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Other
Percent
Total
91,399
88,869
2,530
1,003
554
343
618
301
341
231
Never
57,193
55,222
1,971
838
438
242
491
221
217
168
PrePrim
5,588
5,521
67
19
14
19
8
14
13
7
Basic
25,118
24,710
408
126
92
76
93
58
94
46
Sec/
SHS
and
higher
3,500
3,416
84
20
10
6
26
8
17
10
44,032
42,791
1,241
481
229
176
297
151
168
120
25,346
24,418
928
396
174
115
220
110
104
79
2,876
2,835
41
13
6
14
6
7
8
6
13,469
13,257
212
58
44
44
49
27
49
26
2,341
2,281
60
14
5
3
22
7
7
9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.6
57.1
74.8
82.3
76.0
65.3
74.1
72.8
61.9
65.8
6.5
6.6
3.3
2.7
2.6
8.0
2.0
4.6
4.8
5.0
30.6
31.0
17.1
12.1
19.2
25.0
16.5
17.9
29.2
21.7
5.3
5.3
4.8
2.9
2.2
1.7
7.4
4.6
4.2
7.5
47,367
46,078
1,289
522
325
167
321
150
173
111
31,847
30,804
1,043
442
264
127
271
111
113
89
2,712
2,686
26
6
8
5
2
7
5
1
11,649
11,453
196
68
48
32
44
31
45
20
1,159
1,135
24
6
5
3
4
1
10
1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.2
66.9
80.9
84.7
81.2
76.0
84.4
74.0
65.3
80.2
5.7
5.8
2.0
1.1
2.5
3.0
0.6
4.7
2.9
0.9
24.6
24.9
15.2
13.0
14.8
19.2
13.7
20.7
26.0
18.0
2.4
2.5
1.9
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.2
0.7
5.8
0.9
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
44
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Never
62.6
62.1
77.9
83.5
79.1
70.6
79.4
73.4
63.6
72.7
PrePrim
6.1
6.2
2.6
1.9
2.5
5.5
1.3
4.7
3.8
3.0
Basic
27.5
27.8
16.1
12.6
16.6
22.2
15.0
19.3
27.6
19.9
Sec/
SHS
and
higher
3.8
3.8
3.3
2.0
1.8
1.7
4.2
2.7
5.0
4.3
CHAPTER SEVEN
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
7.1
Introduction
Agriculture continues to play a significant role in Ghana’s economy, as it employs over sixty
percent of the total population. The sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) is significant and a major foreign exchange earner, as cocoa and timber propel the
economy forward. According to ISSER 2000, 2011 the sector’s contribution to GDP was 45
percent in 1990s, and dropped to 40 percent in the year 2000.
The 2010 PHC collected data on agricultural activities to provide useful data to government
and other organizations that have interest in the sector. This chapter therefore analyses the
characteristics of agriculture within households.
7.2
Households in Agriculture
Table 7.1 provides information on the proportion of households engaged in agriculture and
the types of agricultural activities performed by household members. The data indicate that
80.1 percent of the households are engaged in agriculture. The proportion engaged in crop
farming is 97.1 percent, while 64.4 percent is engaged in livestock rearing. Both tree
planting and fish farming account for less than one percent each. In addition, the proportion
(91.6%) of households in agriculture in the rural areas is higher than those in urban areas
(31.6%).The information in Table 7.1 further indicates that among households that engaged
in agricultural activities in the urban areas, 86.9 percent is engaged in crop farming, while
those engaged in crop farming in the rural localities is 97.9 percent.
Livestock rearing in the rural locality accounts for 66.1 percent, higher than the urban figure
of 44.3 percent. The proportion of households engaged in tree planting in the urban locality
accounts for 1.1 percent while in rural localities it is less than one percent.
Figure 7.1: Households in agricultural activities
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
45
Table 7.1: Agricultural activity of households by type of locality
Type of activity
Total Households
Households engages in Agriculture
Crop Farming
Tree Planting
Livestock Rearing
Fish Farming
Total
Number Percent
14,906
100.0
11,945
11,593
60
7,698
13
80.1
97.1
0.5
64.4
0.1
Urban
Number Percent
2,852
100.0
901
783
10
399
0
31.6
86.9
1.1
44.3
0.0
Rural
Number Percent
12,054
100.0
11,044
10,810
50
7,299
13
91.6
97.9
0.5
66.1
0.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
7.3
Distribution of livestock, animal reared and keepers
In Table 7.2, shows the size of livestock and number of keepers. The data show that chicken
numbered 104,533 with 5,134 keepers and an average chicken of 20 per keeper was found in
the district, followed by 37, 595 cows with an average of 19 cattle per keeper. The average
number of guinea fowl, turkey and ostrich per keeper are about 15, higher than the average
for goats 12 per farmer. The data reveal that more small ruminants and birds are reared in the
district than cattle.
Table 7.2: Distribution of livestock, other animals and keepers
Type
All livestock
Beehives
Cattle
Chicken
Dove
Duck
Goat
Grass-cutter
Guinea fowl
Ostrich
Pig
Rabbit
Sheep
Silk worm
Snail
Turkey
Other
Fish farming
Inland fishing
Marine fishing
Other
Number of
Animals
268,038
490
37,595
104,533
1,935
2,270
63,303
665
28,644
671
10,210
350
16,576
157
0
471
110
110
Number of
keepers
16,463
39
1,952
5,134
35
162
5,387
36
1,281
44
1,023
21
1,253
8
0
58
21
3
1
21
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
46
Average
Animals
per Keeper
16
13
19
20
55
14
12
18
22
15
10
17
13
20
0
8
5
5
CHAPTER EIGHT
HOUSING CONDITIONS
8.1
Introduction
Housing and housing conditions are critical factors to the survival of every human being in
his or her lifetime. In view of that, in 2010, the policy framework of the Government, Ghana
Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) emphasized the need for increased
access of the population to safe, adequate and affordable housing and shelter (NDPC 2010).
Other frameworks underscored the importance of housing in social development. In the
Ghana poverty strategy (2003-2005) policy framework, housing interventions were
prescribed clearly within the context of social development objectives (NDPC, 2002).The
reduction of diseases and other communicable diseases has been linked to the provision of
safe water supply and sewerage, improved housing and well-planned settlements.
Conscious efforts must be made to assess what has been achieved so far and what is left to be
done. The 2010 PHC collected data on housing and housing conditions in the district to
assess the housing needs.
The data collected among others are occupied and unoccupied dwelling units, type of
dwelling unit, main material used in house construction, occupancy status, method of waste
disposal, utilities and household facilities. This information will enable the state, planners and
policy makers to make informed decisions on housing units required by the country.
8.2
Housing Stock
Table 8.1 shows that the total number of houses in the district is 13,634. The number of
houses in rural localities in the district is 11,568 representing 84.8 percent, while in urban
localities it is 2,066 representing 15.2 percent. The data further indicates that 14,906
households are in the district with 2,852 urban while the rural areas have 12,054. The average
household per house in the district is 1.1. The average household per house in the urban
localities is 1.4 while it is 1.0 in the rural localities. The average household size is 4.8 in
urban localities and 7.1 in rural localities.
Table 8.1: Stock of houses and households by type of locality
Categories
Total population
Total household population
Number of houses
Number of households
Average households per house
Population per house*
Average household size
Total country
24,658,823
24,076,327
3,392,745
5,467,054
1.6
7.1
4.4
Region
2,479,461
2,445,061
257,311
318,119
1.2
9.5
7.7
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
47
District
99,863
98,880
13,634
14,906
1.1
7.3
6.6
Urban
13,945
13,740
2,066
2,852
1.4
6.7
4.8
Rural
85,918
85,140
11,568
12,054
1.0
7.4
7.1
8.3
Ownership Status of Dwelling
Table 8.2 indicates that majority of occupied dwelling (87.4%) is owned by household
member, 5.5 percent is owned by a relative who is not a household member and 4.7 percent
owned by other private individual. The data reveal further that 90.6 percent of male headed
households live in dwellings owned by a household member compared with 77.4 percent
female headed households. In the rural areas, the proportion of dwellings owned by a
household member is 93.8 percent. This is higher than in urban localities (60.1 percent) but
Public/government ownership constitutes only1.0 percent, while mortgage forms 0.6 percent.
Table 8.2: Ownership status of dwelling by sex of head of household and
type of locality
District
Ownership status
Total
Owned by household member
Being purchased (e.g.
mortgage)
Relative not a household
member
Other private individual
Total
Country Region
Total
Number Percent
Male
head
Female
head
Urban
Rural
5,467,054
2,883,236
318,119
267,538
14,906
13,021
100.0
87.4
100.0
90.6
100.0
77.4
100.0
60.1
100.0
93.8
45,630
1,352
82
0.6
0.5
0.8
2.5
0.1
851,630
1,439,021
16,460
24,310
817
708
5.5
4.7
3.6
3.5
11.1
8.4
12.6
18.8
3.8
1.4
Private employer
83,610
1,248
83
0.6
0.4
1.1
2.4
0.1
Other private agency
Public/Government
ownership
Other
21,123
431
27
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.1
118,804
24,000
5,863
917
146
22
1.0
0.1
1.0
0.1
0.8
0.2
2.5
0.5
0.6
0.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.4
Type of Occupied Dwelling Unit
Table 8.3 shows that there are 14,906 dwelling units in the district. The data also show that
households that reside in separate/detached houses account for 46.2 percent while those in
compound houses (rooms) are 43.7 percent. The proportion of households living in semidetached houses is about seven percent while makeshift dwelling units such as tents, kiosk,
living quarters attached to office, uncompleted building, huts (both same compound or
different) and others constitute about three percent (2.7%). Only 0.4 percent of households
dwell in flat/apartment. Almost the same proportion of households headed by males (46.2%)
and females (46.3%) live in separate houses. The proportion of households in rural areas
(48.0%) who live in separate house is higher than in urban areas (38.7%). Again, the
proportion of households living in compound houses (rooms) in urban areas (53.0%) is higher
than in rural areas (41.5%).
48
Table 8.3: Occupied dwelling unit by sex of household head and type of locality
Type of dwelling
Total
Separate house
Semi-detached house
Flat/apartment
Compound house (rooms)
Huts/Buildings (same
compound)
Huts/Buildings (different
compound)
Tent
Improvised home
(kiosk/container etc.)
Living quarters attached to
office/shop
Uncompleted building
Other
Total
Country
Region
Total
Number Percent
District
Male Female
headed headed
Urban
Rural
5,467,054
1,471,391
391,548
256,355
2,942,147
318,119
51,622
12,761
3,360
208,934
14,906
6,893
1,025
61
6,515
100.0
46.2
6.9
0.4
43.7
100.0
46.2
6.6
0.4
43.8
100.0
46.3
7.6
0.6
43.3
100.0
38.7
5.8
0.2
53.0
100.0
48.0
7.1
0.4
41.5
170,957
34,405
212
1.4
1.6
0.8
0.5
1.7
36,410
10,343
3,374
818
52
35
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.3
90,934
404
13
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.0
20,499
66,624
9,846
619
1,428
394
21
68
11
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.5
Construction Material
As shown in Table 8.4, majority of houses are constructed with mud brick/earth (88.9%) and
cement block/concrete (8.6%) in the district. Wood, slate, stone-burnt brick, landcrete, and
bamboo and palm leaf account for 2.5 percent. A higher proportion of households in the rural
localities (94.1%) live in dwellings constructed with mud than those in urban localities
(66.0%). In the urban localities a significant proportion of dwellings (32.8%) are built with
cement block/concrete while only 3.1 percent are built with cement in the rural localities. The
proportion of dwelling units with cement blocks (19.1%) at the regional level is much higher
than the proportion at the district (8.6%) level.
Table 8.4: Construction material for the outer wall of dwelling unit by type of locality
Material for Outer wall
Total
Mud brick/earth
Wood
Metal sheet/slate/asbestos
Stone
Burnt bricks
Cement blocks/concrete
Landcrete
Bamboo
Palm leaf/thatch (grass)/raffia
Other
Total
Country Region
5,817,607 339,874
1,991,540 247,754
200,594
5,389
43,708
1,984
11,330
1,077
38,237
647
3,342,462 64,863
104,270 10,609
8,206
285
38,054
5,894
39,206
1,372
Number
16,354
14,539
106
53
12
9
1,400
104
3
81
47
District
Percent
Urban
100.0
100.0
88.9
66.0
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
8.6
32.8
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.1
Rural
100.0
94.1
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.0
3.1
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.3
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Table 8.5 provides information on the main material used for the floor of dwelling. Over onehalf of dwellings in the district use earth/mud for the floor. Cement/concrete constitutes the
second highest proportion (48.6%) of material used for the floor. The rest constitute less than
one percent. In the urban areas, the main material used for the floor is cement/concrete
49
(85.2%) and earth/mud (13.8%). In contrast, earth/mud (59.1%) is the main material used for
floors in rural localities followed by cement/concrete (39.9%).
Table 8.5: Main construction materials for the floor of dwelling unit by type
of locality
Materials for the floor
Total
Earth/mud
Cement/concrete
Stone
Burnt brick
Wood
Vinyl tiles
Ceramic/porcelain/granite/marble tiles
Terrazzo/terrazzo tiles
Other
Total
Country
Region
5,467,054
318,119
872,161
97,678
4,255,611
214,535
32,817
1,358
6,537
277
52,856
195
57,032
510
88,500
2,091
85,973
365
15,567
1,110
District
Total
Number Percent Urban
14,906
100.0 100.0
7,522
50.5
13.8
7,241
48.6
85.2
16
0.1
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.1
1
0.0
0.0
58
0.4
0.7
3
0.0
0.0
56
0.4
0.0
Rural
100.0
59.1
39.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
Table 8.6 shows that metal sheet is used for roofing 60.4 percent of dwellings while
mud/bricks/earth is used by 32.2 percent of dwellings. Metal sheets are widely used for
roofing in both the urban (89.0%) and rural (53.9%) areas. Use of earth/mud for roofing in
urban areas (7.6%) is less than in rural areas (37.8%). Thatch is used by a small proportion
both in rural (3.7%) and urban areas (1.3%).
Table 8.6: Main construction material for roofing of dwelling unit by type of locality
District
Main Roofing material
Total
Mud/mud bricks/earth
Wood
Metal sheet
Slate/asbestos
Cement/concrete
Roofing tile
Bamboo
Thatch/palm leaf or raffia
Other
Total
country Region
5,817,607 339,874
80,644 16,434
45,547
3,740
4,152,259 192,412
759,039
2,091
141,072
1,429
31,456
761
71,049
1,137
500,606 118,517
35,935
3,353
Total
Number Percent
16,354
100.0
5,269
32.2
383
2.3
9,872
60.4
38
0.2
43
0.3
49
0.3
22
0.1
529
3.2
149
0.9
Urban
100.0
7.6
0.9
89.0
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
1.3
0.1
Rural
100.0
37.8
2.7
53.9
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
3.7
1.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.6
Room Occupancy
This section provides information on the number of sleeping rooms used by households. A
relatively higher proportion of households occupy two rooms (28.7%), three rooms (22.2%),
one room (19.7%) and four rooms (13.9%). Table 8.7 further shows that out of 14,906
household units in the District, about 90 percent of single person households occupy one
sleeping room. In addition, 56.3 percent of households with two household members and
39.5 percent of households with three members occupy one sleeping room. The proportion of
four-member households who occupy two rooms account for 47.3 percent, followed by fivemember household (45.4%) and three members household constituting (42.0%). The lowest
is household size with ten-members occupying two rooms (7.8%).
50
Table 8.7: Household size and number sleeping rooms occupied in dwelling unit
Number of sleeping rooms
Household
size
Total
Two
rooms
Three
rooms
Four
rooms
Five
rooms
Six
rooms
Seven
rooms
Eight
rooms
Nine
rooms
or more
Number
Percent
One
room
14,906
100.0
19.7
28.7
22.2
13.9
6.3
4.0
1.8
1.6
1.7
1
948
100.0
89.5
7.4
1.5
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
2
1,002
100.0
56.3
36.4
4.1
1.6
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
3
1,285
100.0
39.5
42.0
12.6
2.6
0.6
1.2
0.5
0.4
0.5
4
1,432
100.0
26.5
47.3
17.2
4.8
1.9
0.8
0.8
0.1
0.6
5
1,598
100.0
15.5
45.4
23.7
9.8
2.4
1.3
0.5
1.1
0.4
6
1,712
100.0
10.8
39.5
31.3
13.0
3.3
1.2
0.6
0.1
0.2
7
1,560
100.0
5.8
30.9
34.2
17.7
5.9
2.6
1.3
0.7
0.8
8
1,353
100.0
3.8
25.8
31.2
21.6
8.9
4.9
1.5
1.6
0.7
9
1,022
100.0
2.6
15.7
31.0
27.0
12.3
5.9
3.0
1.4
1.1
10+
2,994
100.0
1.1
7.8
22.2
24.4
15.4
12.0
5.3
5.5
6.3
Total
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.7
Access to Utilities and Households Facilities
Table 8.8 indicates that majority of households use flash light/torch (53.1%) kerosene lamp
(27.2%) and electricity (16.0%) as the main source of lighting. Households that use candle
has the lowest proportion (0.1%). The data reveals that the proportion of households that
uses electricity (mains) in the urban area (65.7%) is much higher than in the rural areas
(4.2%). Again the proportion of households that use kerosene lamp in the rural localities
(31.5%) is higher than those in the urban localities (9.1%). About 61 percent of households
in rural areas use flashlight/torch compared to 21.2 percent in the urban areas.
Table 8.8: Main source of lighting of dwelling unit by type of locality
Main source of light
Total
Electricity (mains)
Electricity (private generator)
Kerosene lamp
Gas lamp
Solar energy
Candle
Flashlight/torch
Firewood
Crop residue
Other
Total
Country
Region
5,467,054 318,119
3,511,065 114,889
36,142
2,219
971,807 134,656
9,378
860
9,194
1,048
41,214
488
858,651
60,518
13,241
2,257
4,623
759
11,739
425
District
Number Percent Urban Rural
14,906
100.0 100.0 100.0
2,385
16.0
65.7
4.2
61
0.4
0.5
0.4
4,052
27.2
9.1 31.5
37
0.2
0.2
0.2
39
0.3
0.4
0.2
16
0.1
0.2
0.1
7,920
53.1
21.2 60.7
238
1.6
0.3
1.9
24
0.2
0.0
0.2
134
0.9
2.2
0.6
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.8
Main Source of Water for Drinking and other Domestic use
The data in Table 8.9 indicates that 61.5 percent of households use borehole/pump/tube well
while 17.2 percent use rivers/streams. 14.7 percent of households use pipe borne water inside
dwelling (0.9%), outside dwelling (8.0%) and public stand pipe (5.8%). The data reveal that
in rural areas, 65.9 percent of households use borehole/pump/tube well while 42.7 percent of
51
households in the urban localities use this facility. The data also show that 24.2 percent of
households in urban localities use pipe borne outside dwelling while as low as 4.1 percent
rural households use pipe borne water outside dwelling. There is a big gap between
proportions of households that use pipe borne water in urban (52.1%) and rural (5.1%)
localities.
Concerning the main source of water for other domestic use, 56.0 percent of households use
borehole/pipe tube well, 20.5 percent use river/stream and 8.0 percent use pipe borne outside
dwelling as their source of water for domestic use. High proportions of both rural (59.2%)
and urban (42.8%) households use borehole/pump/tube well. The data further show that use
of river/stream is more of a rural than urban phenomenon. Only 1.3 percent of urban
households use water from river/stream compared to 25 percent of rural households.
Table 8.9: Main source of water for drinking and other domestic purposes
Sources of water
Main source of drinking water for
household
Total
Pipe-borne inside dwelling
Pipe-borne outside dwelling
Public tap/standpipe
Bore-hole/pump/tube well
Protected well
Rain water
Protected spring
Bottled water
Sachet water
Tanker supply/vendor provided
Unprotected well
Unprotected spring
River/stream
Dugout/pond/lake/dam/canal
Other
Main source of water for other domestic
use of household
Total
Pipe-borne inside dwelling
Pipe-borne outside dwelling
Public tap/standpipe
Bore-hole/pump/tube well
Protected well
Rain water
Protected spring
Tanker supply/vendor provided
Unprotected well
Unprotected spring
River/stream
Dugout/pond/lake/dam/canal
Other
Total
Country
Region
District
Total
Number Percent Urban
Rural
5,467,054
790,493
1,039,667
712,375
1,267,688
321,091
39,438
19,345
20,261
490,283
58,400
112,567
12,222
502,804
76,448
3,972
318,119
27,811
38,852
21,798
111,650
17,933
2,066
1,008
233
1,187
942
13,517
1,109
55,470
24,308
235
14,906
130
1,190
865
9,164
198
72
91
3
9
0
95
148
2,570
366
5
100.0
0.9
8.0
5.8
61.5
1.3
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
1.0
17.2
2.5
0.0
100.0
4.0
24.2
23.9
42.7
2.5
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.3
0.0
100.0
0.1
4.1
1.5
65.9
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.2
21.1
2.7
0.0
5,467,054
905,566
1,089,030
704,293
1,280,465
465,775
39,916
18,854
100,048
152,055
15,738
588,590
96,422
10,302
318,119
27,698
37,432
19,390
101,815
19,715
2,182
927
1,214
13,349
1,002
63,445
29,210
740
14,906
149
1,193
802
8,350
203
77
73
5
72
135
3,062
706
79
100.0
1.0
8.0
5.4
56.0
1.4
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
20.5
4.7
0.5
100.0
4.0
24.2
22.3
42.8
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.3
2.2
0.3
100.0
0.3
4.2
1.4
59.2
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.5
1.1
25.1
5.3
0.6
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
52
Table 8.10 provides information on the type of cooking fuel used by households. The data
indicates that 84.2 percent of the total households in the district use wood as their source of
cooking fuel. At the urban level, 42.7 percent of households use wood for cooking, while
(94.1%) rural localities use wood for cooking. The use of gas (0.9%) in the district is very
low despite the numerous promotional programmes. In the urban areas gas usage is a bit
higher (2.7%). Table 8.10 further shows that 11.5 percent of the total households use charcoal
for cooking, 46.2 percent among households in the urban areas, and as low as 3.2 percent of
households in the rural areas.
Data on cooking space is also presented in Table 8.10. About 47 percent of households in
dwelling units use separate room for exclusive use. In the urban areas 21.5 percent has
separate room for exclusive use while in rural it is 53.3 percent. Households that use open
space in compound for cooking account for 26.1 percent.
A higher proportion of dwelling units in the urban areas (36.2%) than the rural (23.7%) areas
use open space for cooking. In addition more urban (26.3%) than rural households (8.7%)
use the verandah as cooking space.
Table 8.10: Main source of cooking fuel, and cooking space used by households
District
Source of cooking fuel/
cooking space
Source of cooking fuel
Total
None no cooking
Wood
Gas
Electricity
Kerosene
Charcoal
Crop residue
Saw dust
Animal waste
Other
Cooking space used by household
Total
No cooking space
Separate room for exclusive use of
household
Separate room shared with other
household(s)
Enclosure without roof
Structure with roof but without walls
Bedroom/hall/living room)
Verandah
Open space in compound
Other
Total
Country Region
Total
Number Percent
Urban
Rural
5,467,054
306,118
2,197,083
996,518
29,794
29,868
1,844,290
45,292
8,000
2,332
7,759
318,119
6,713
243,314
10,584
1,396
1,116
52,124
1,804
515
84
469
14,906
371
12,558
129
20
21
1,709
90
6
0
2
100.0
2.5
84.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
11.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
7.3
42.7
2.7
0.3
0.2
46.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
100.0
1.3
94.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
3.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
5,467,054
386,883
318,119
10,910
14,906
851
100.0
5.7
100.0
9.9
100.0
4.7
1,817,018
82,024
7,035
47.2
21.5
53.3
410,765
117,614
349,832
74,525
1,173,946
1,115,464
21,007
10,877
11,245
11,055
1,403
34,131
155,651
823
450
296
366
194
1,796
3,888
30
3.0
2.0
2.5
1.3
12.0
26.1
0.2
2.2
2.6
0.6
0.2
26.3
36.2
0.5
3.2
1.9
2.9
1.6
8.7
23.7
0.1
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.9
Bathing and Toilet Facilities
The availability of a toilet facility in a dwelling unit is an indicator of the sanitary condition
of the dwelling. Table 8.11 shows that about 92 percent of households has no toilet facilities
(bush/beach/field), while 4.3 percent use public toilet (WC, KVIP) and 1.6 percent use pit
53
latrine. Only 1.3 percent and 0.5 percent use KVIP and WC respectively. In the rural areas,
majority (96.7%) of households live in dwellings with no toilet facilities while it is 70.2
percent in the urban areas. About 18 percent of households use public toilet in the urban area
compared to 1.1 percent in the rural area. In the urban area, 5.0 percent of household use
KVIP, while it is 0.4 percent in the rural area.
In respect of bathing facility used by household, almost one-half of households use their own
bathroom exclusively, while 19.0 percent share bathroom. The proportion of households
which use open space around house is 13.6 percent. About 1.1 percent of households also use
public bathhouse. The distribution of bathing facilities used by households in urban and rural
varies. Compared to households in rural areas where 53.1 percent of households has
bathroom for exclusive use, the proportion in urban areas (35.4%) is lower. Again, 27.1
percent of households in urban areas share separate bathroom within the house while it is
17.0 percent in rural localities.
Table 8.11: Type of toilet facility and bathing facility used by household by
type of locality
District
Toilet facility/Bathing facility
Toilet facility used by household
Total
No facilities (bush/beach/field)
W.C.
Pit latrine
KVIP
Bucket/Pan
Public toilet (WC/KVIP/Pit pan etc.)
Other
Bathing facility used by household
Total
Own bathroom for exclusive use
Shared separate bathroom in the same
house
Private open cubicle
Shared open cubicle
Public bath house
Bathroom in another house
Open space around house
River/pond/lake/dam
Other
Total
Country
Region
Total
Number Percent Urban
5,467,054
1,056,382
839,611
1,040,883
572,824
40,678
1,893,291
23,385
318,119
230,852
7,736
9,218
14,587
1,248
52,704
1,774
14,906
13,661
73
235
187
3
635
112
100.0
91.6
0.5
1.6
1.3
0.0
4.3
0.8
100.0
70.2
2.2
4.5
5.0
0.1
17.6
0.5
100.0
96.7
0.1
0.9
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.8
5,467,054
1,535,392
318,119
108,283
14,906
7,409
100.0
49.7
100.0
35.4
100.0
53.1
1,818,522
95,261
2,828
19.0
27.1
17.0
381,979
1,000,257
140,501
187,337
372,556
14,234
16,276
22,044
48,531
12,409
2,646
27,210
1,001
734
1,318
956
163
176
2,026
21
9
8.8
6.4
1.1
1.2
13.6
0.1
0.1
8.7
14.4
0.6
2.0
11.6
0.1
0.0
8.9
4.5
1.2
1.0
14.1
0.1
0.1
Rural
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
8.10 Method of Waste Disposal (Solid and Liquid)
Data in Table 8.12 show that a higher proportion of households dispose of their solid waste
indiscriminately (49.0%), public dump -open space (36.4%), public dump containers (4.7%).
Only 4.3 percent of households have their solid waste collected. In the urban areas, about 4
in 10 households dispose of their solid waste at public dump (open space) while 22.0 percent
of households use the public dump/containers and 20,4 percent dump it indiscriminately. On
the other hand, the most widely used method of disposing of solid waste in the rural areas is
dumping indiscriminately (55.8%) followed by public dump (open space) (34.8%). Only 0.5
percent of rural households bury their solid waste.
54
The method of liquid waste disposal by many households is throwing onto the street/outside
(67.7%) followed by throwing onto compound (26.0%). Majority of households in urban
areas (79.8%) throw their liquid waste on the street/outside, whereas 7.2 percent use the
gutter (%) and 6.5 percent of households throw the liquid waste on their compound. In rural
areas the most used method of liquid waste disposal is throwing onto the street/outside
(64.8%) while 30.6 percent of households also throw onto the compound. The data indicate
that indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and throwing of liquid waste onto the street occur
mainly among rural than urban households.
Table 8.12: Method of solid and liquid waste disposal by type of locality
Method of waste disposal
Solid waste
Total
Collected
Burned by household
Public dump (container)
Public dump (open space)
Dump indiscriminately
Buried by household
Other
Liquid waste
Total
Through the sewerage system
Through drainage system into a gutter
Through drainage into a pit (soak away)
Thrown onto the street/outside
Thrown into gutter
Thrown onto compound
Other
Total
Country Region
District
Total
Number Percent
Urban
Rural
5,467,054
785,889
584,820
1,299,654
2,061,403
498,868
182,615
53,805
318,119
19,674
34,594
47,222
123,188
83,889
7,140
2,412
14,906
642
529
704
5,420
7,310
111
190
100.0
4.3
3.5
4.7
36.4
49.0
0.7
1.3
100.0
6.5
2.1
22.0
43.0
20.4
1.7
4.2
100.0
3.8
3.9
0.6
34.8
55.8
0.5
0.6
5,467,054
183,169
594,404
167,555
1,538,550
1,020,096
1,924,986
38,294
318,119
6,636
13,949
16,152
178,671
19,931
81,195
1,585
14,906
205
161
82
10,093
350
3,873
142
100.0
1.4
1.1
0.6
67.7
2.3
26.0
1.0
100.0
0.5
1.9
0.6
79.8
7.2
6.5
3.5
100.0
1.6
0.9
0.5
64.8
1.2
30.6
0.4
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
55
CHAPTER NINE
SUMMARY OF FINDING, POLICY IMPLICATION AND
RECOMMENDATION
9.1
Summary of Findings
9.1.1 Introduction
The 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) district report writing is first in the history
of modern census. The Census data provides information for many important uses. The
analyses provide data for both the public and private sectors of the economy for policy
formulation in the areas of disability, education, information communication technology
(ICT), housing conditions, demographic characteristics, social characteristics, agricultural
activities and economic characteristics covering the entire district.
9.1.2 Demographic characteristics
Population size and distribution
The 2010 Population and Housing Census results show that the district population is 99,863,
representing about 4.0 percent of the total population in the region. The district therefore
becomes thirteenth in terms of population size. Out of this population, males constitute 48.3
percent and females form 51.7 percent. The rural population is 85,918 while the urban
population is 13,945. The age and sex structure of the population in the district depicts a
youthful population as shown in figure 2.1 (population pyramid).The sex ratio in the district
is 93.6, meaning that there are more females than males. The sex ratios for age groups 0-19
and 75-84 years are higher than 100 indicating that there are more males in those age brackets
than females.
The dependency ratio is higher in rural localities (116.89) than in urban localities (78.48).
Age groups 0-14 years have highest dependency ratio. The district total fertility rate is 3.65,
a little higher than region fertility rate of 3.54. The various fertility rates in the district are
slightly higher compared to Zabzugu Tatali (2.88%) and Karaga (2.90%), but lower than
West Gonja (4.30%), Kpandai (4.33%) and Savelugu/Nanton (4.33%).
9.1.3 Social characteristics
Household composition, headship and structure
The 14,906 households in the district represent 15.1 percent of the total number of
households in the region. In the household composition male heads form 23.5 percent of the
household population while female heads constitute 7.2 percent. Again, the household
structure is made up of predominantly (49.5%) extended family (spouse/children and
relative), and nuclear (head, spouse and children) 22.9 percent, while single parent extended
accounts for about 11 percent.
Marital status
The report shows that among the population 12 years and older 52 percent is married, 39
percent never married and 6 percent as widowed.
56
Nationality
About 95.3 percent of the district’s population is Ghanaian by birth. Ghanaians with dual
nationality make up 1.9 percent and naturalised Ghanaians 0.7 percent. Non- Ghanaians
constitute 2.1 percent.
Religious affiliation
The largest religious group in the district is Christianity (42.4%), followed by traditionalist
(31.0%) and Islam (20.2%). The population of males that are Christian is 41.4 percent and
females Christians (43.4%).
Literacy and education
The data on literacy show that the majority of the population (68.9%) cannot read nor write.
Of the literate, 59% can read and write in English only, while 37 percent can read and write
in English and a Ghanaian language.
9.1.4 Economic characteristics
Economic activity status
About 79 percent of the population 15 years and older is economically active. Of the
economically active population 99.0 percent is employed and one percent unemployed. Males
who are economically active constitute 80.4 percent compared with females (78.4%). On the
other hand, more females are economically not active (21.6%) than males (19.6%). The
population unemployed are mainly in age group 20-24 years (25.3%) in the district.
Industry
Majority of the employed population (81.7%) are engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing.
More males (86.9%) are engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing than females (77.3%).
Proportion employed in the manufacturing sector is second with 6.9 percent.
Employment status
About 45.0 percent of the employed population is self-employed without employee.
Contributing family workers also account for 48.2 percent. There are more males (57.2%)
self-employed without employee than females (34.7%).
Employment sector
The private informal sector remains the largest employer in the district accounting for about
96 percent of the employment sector.
9.1.5 Information Communication Technology (ICT)
Ownership of mobile phones
About 12 percent of the population 12 years and older own mobile phone in the district. More
males (17.2%) own mobile phones than females (7.8%), while only 0.7 percent use internet
facility. About 0.8 percent of households have desktop/laptop computers in the district, more
male headed households (0.9%) own desktop/laptop than female headed households (0.5%).
57
9.1.6 Disability
Population with disability and type of disability
The report indicates that about 2.6 percent of the population has some form of disability in
the district, of which males constitute 2.7 percent, a little higher than females, 2.6 percent.
Persons with sight impairment have the highest proportion (39.2%) while those with physical
challenge follow with 24.4 percent.
There are more disabled persons in the rural areas (2.7%) than in the urban areas (2.0%).
Among urban PWDs, those with sight problems have the highest proportion (31.7%)
followed by those with physical challenges (27.0%).
9.1.7 Agriculture
About 80 percent of households in the district are into agriculture. The proportion of
households engaged in agricultural activities in the rural areas (91.6%) is three times higher
than those in the urban areas (31.6%). Over 97 percent of households in agriculture are
engaged in crop farming, while 64.4 percent rear livestock. The proportion of rural
households into crop farming (97.9%) is higher than those in the urban area (86.9%). As
many as 104,533 chicken and 63,303 goats are reared by about 10,521 keepers.
9.1.8 Housing conditions
The Sawla-Tuna-kalba district has a housing stock of 13,634, with the rural locality
accounting for 84.8 percent and the urban 15.2 percent. The average household per house is
1.1, with rural 1.0 and urban 1.4. The district has an average household size of 6.6. About
87.4 percent of dwellings occupied by households are owned by household member. Over 90
percent of households headed by males live in dwelling owned by a household member,
compared to 77.4 percent female-headed households. Household members in the rural areas
(93.8%) own more dwellings than in the urban areas (60.1%).
The district recorded 14,906 dwelling units. The households that reside in separate houses
account for 46.2 percent compared with compound houses (rooms) 43.7 percent. The main
construction material used for the outer wall of dwelling is mud brick/earth (88.9%), the
highest in the district, while block/cement/concrete accounts for 8.6 percent. About 94.1
percent of households in the rural areas lives in dwellings constructed with mud bricks/earth
higher than the urban areas (66.0%). In addition, more than half of the population (53.1%)
use flash/ light/torch as main source of lighting, followed by kerosene lamp (27.2%) and
electricity (mains) (16.0%). Majority of households use electricity (mains) in the urban area
(65.7%) compared 4.2 percent households in the rural areas.
For main source of drinking water for household, about 61.5 percent in the district use
borehole/pump/tube). About 24.2 percent of households in the urban area use pipe borne
water outside dwellings compared with only 4.1 percent in the rural area. Further, the report
indicates about 92 percent of households in the district has no toilet facility (bush/beach/
field) while 4.3 percent use public toilet (WC, KVIP).
9.2
Recommendation
From the analysis carried out, it is obvious that the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District faces a lot of
challenges. Among its many challenges are the high level of illiteracy, poor sanitation
58
regarding disposal of solid waste, lack of toilet facilities and use of water from streams and
rivers for drinking and domestic purpose.
The data on literacy show that of the population 11 years and older 68.9 percent cannot read
or write. In addition, of those who had attended school before, 68.4 percent attended basic
school (primary, JSS/JHS and middle) while 8.7 percent attended SSS/SHS and secondary.
Only 2.6 percent attended vocational/technical/commercial and 4.1 percent post middle/
secondary level. Only 6.2 percent attended tertiary institutions. This information shows an
urgent need to encourage children of school going age not only to attend school but to stay in
school and complete the various levels. More technical/vocational/commercial institutes as
well as SHS should be put up for students to continue their schooling. Free uniforms,
expansion of school feeding programmes among others would serve as incentives to increase
school attendance. Non-formal education should also be tackled seriously. The district
assembly with assistance from Ministry of Education and local and international NGOs
should spearhead these programmes.
The data on toilet facilities for the district reveal that 91.0 percent of households (70.2%
urban and 96.7% rural) do not have any toilet facilities. This is a serious environmental
challenge and should be given urgent attention. The district should encourage and assist
households to install toilets in their homes. In addition more public toilets should be
constructed for those who cannot build their own.
Close to 50 percent of households in the district dump their solid waste indiscriminately.
Another 36.4 percent dispose of solid waste in public dump (open space). These two
methods of waste disposal would ultimately have adverse health effect on the population.
The district should try to acquire containers for waste disposal. It should also ensure that the
surroundings of these public containers are kept clean.
A relatively high proportion of households (about 76%) use water from protected sources
(boreholes/pump/tube wells and pipe borne). However a significant proportion, 17.2 percent
(mostly rural) households also use water from streams/rivers for dinking and other domestic
purposes. The district should try and provide bore holes for such localities.
Data on type of fuel used for cooking reveal that a high proportion of households, 84.2
percent use wood for cooking. Though a higher proportion of rural households, 94.1 percent
use wood, a significant proportion of urban households, 42.7 percent also use wood for
cooking. Excessive use of wood if not checked by the adoption of afforestation programmes
will ultimately lead to deforestation. There is also the need to educate households to reduce
the use of wood and charcoal and also promote the use of gas and afforestation programmes.
59
REFERENCES
Ghana Statistical Service (2002). 2000 Population and Housing Census.
Summary Report of Final Results. Accra.
Ghana Statistical Service (2012). 2010 Population and Housing Census: Summary Report of
Final Results. Accra.
Ghana Statistical Service (2013). Analytical Report of 2010 Population and Housing Census,
Accra. Accra.
Institute of Statistical and Economic Research (ISSER) “The State of the Ghanaian economy
in 2011” University of Ghana.
National Development Planning Commission (NDPC): 2010 Medium-Term National
Policy Document
Development Policy Framework: Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA),
2010-2013, National Development Planning Commission, Accra.
United Nations (2008) Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Census,
Revision 2; New York: Department of Economics and Social Affairs Statistics Division,
United Nations.
60
APPENDICES
Table A1: Household Composition by type of locality
Household Composition
Total
Nuclear family
Head only
Household with head and a spouse only
Household with head and biological/
adopted children only
Household with head spouse(s) and
biological/adopted children only
Extended family
Household with head spouse(s)
biological/adopted children and relatives
of the head only
Household with head spouse(s)
biological/adopted children relatives and
nonrelatives of the head
Household with head spouse(s) and other
composition
Household with head biological/adopted
children and relatives of the head only
Household with head biological/adopted
children relatives and nonrelatives of the
head
Household with head and other
composition but no spouse
Total
Total Percent
98,880
100.0
Urban
Urban Percent
13,740
100.0
Rural
Rural Percent
85,140
100.0
948
534
1.0
0.5
435
140
3.2
1.0
513
394
0.6
0.5
6,340
6.4
1,429
10.4
4,911
5.8
22,685
22.9
3,221
23.4
19,464
22.9
49,140
49.7
3,988
29.0
45,152
53.0
1,238
1.3
191
1.4
1,047
1.2
2,226
2.3
319
2.3
1,907
2.2
10,830
11.0
2,551
18.6
8,279
9.7
344
0.3
99
0.7
245
0.3
4,595
4.6
1,367
9.9
3,228
3.8
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
61
Table A2: Distribution of households engaged in tree growing or crop farming by
type of crop and population engaged
Activity/Type of crop
Total households in occupied units
Households engaged in agricultural
activities
Households engaged in crop farming or
tree growing
Households engaged in crop farming
Households engaged in tree growing
Agro forestry (tree planting)
Alligator pepper
Apples
Asian vegetables (e.g. tinda, cauliflower)
Avocado
Banana
Beans
Black pepper
Black berries
Cabbage
Carrot
Cashew
Cassava
Citronella
Citrus
Cloves
Cocoa
Coconut
Cocoyam
Cocoyam /taro (kooko)
Coffee
Cola
Cotton
Cucumber
Egg plant
Gallic
Garden eggs
Ginger
Groundnut
Guava
Kenaf
Lemon grass
Lettuce
Maize
Mango
Melon (agushi)
Millet
Mushroom
House
holds
14,906
Population in occupied units
Total
Male Female
98,880 47,746 51,134
Population engaged in
agricultural activities
Total
Male Female
27,350 15,927 11,423
11,945
86,985
42,397
44,588
27,350
15,927
11,423
11,598
85,118
41,568
43,550
26,567
15,557
11,010
11,593
60
60
23
9
23
4
52
2,050
14
3
2
60
1,236
661
4
2
1
10
18
15
9
2
8
4
61
3
1
51
59
3,785
16
8
9
20
7,648
85,094
424
424
209
50
219
30
415
16,278
125
16
12
438
10,672
4,709
27
16
1
71
155
110
61
14
50
38
483
24
9
407
541
29,151
105
49
60
129
57,705
41,558
204
204
92
26
101
12
195
7,899
65
9
8
212
5,252
2,490
13
12
1
33
84
48
25
7
24
23
237
8
5
195
275
14,125
54
23
32
73
28,225
43,536
220
220
117
24
118
18
220
8,379
60
7
4
226
5,420
2,219
14
4
0
38
71
62
36
7
26
15
246
16
4
212
266
15,026
51
26
28
56
29,480
26,557
125
125
59
28
65
5
103
5,308
45
6
2
116
2,868
1,564
6
2
1
15
44
32
30
2
13
14
178
7
9
158
167
9,332
42
17
16
53
17,920
15,550
73
73
34
15
28
4
67
2,975
22
3
1
77
1,823
1,028
5
2
1
11
31
22
15
2
10
13
103
4
5
79
88
5,239
23
8
8
36
10,494
11,007
52
52
25
13
37
1
36
2,333
23
3
1
39
1,045
536
1
0
0
4
13
10
15
0
3
1
75
3
4
79
79
4,093
19
9
8
17
7,426
140
1,243
628
615
274
188
86
31
255
111
144
94
51
43
5,237
40,064
19,501
20,563
12,422
7,263
5,159
14
105
52
53
32
20
12
62
Table A2: Distribution of households engaged in tree growing or crop farming by
type of crop and population engaged (cont’d)
Activity/type of crop
Nut meg
Oil palm
Okro
Onion
Pawpaw
Peas
Pepper
Pineapple
Plantain
Potatoes
Rice
Rubber
Shea tree
Sorghum
Soya beans
Spinach
Sun flower
Sweet pepper
Sweet potatoes
Tiger nut
Tobacco
Tomatoes
Water melon
Yam
Other
Households
44
2
460
5
5
11
179
7
2
4
1,122
8
5
3,607
159
11
12
20
67
13
13
141
43
5,247
582
Population in occupied
units
Total
Male Female
319
14
3,471
30
42
86
1,302
48
18
47
8,942
65
30
28,312
1,368
48
86
173
653
103
114
1,083
364
42,545
5,005
154
10
1,615
15
20
52
647
26
10
21
4,439
39
15
13,715
639
23
37
95
309
54
50
534
190
21,330
2,522
Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census
63
165
4
1,856
15
22
34
655
22
8
26
4,503
26
15
14,597
729
25
49
78
344
49
64
549
174
21,215
2,483
Population engaged in
agricultural activities
Total Male Female
109
6
1,332
15
15
26
438
18
9
10
2,960
39
6
8,546
330
25
23
53
113
25
18
378
127
13,631
2,102
63
3
641
10
5
17
235
9
4
10
1,722
18
4
4,916
187
14
11
31
78
17
14
208
73
8,422
1,198
46
3
691
5
10
9
203
9
5
0
1,238
21
2
3,630
143
11
12
22
35
8
4
170
54
5,209
904
Table A3: Total population, sex, number of households and houses in the
20 largest communities
Sex
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Locality
Sawla
Tuna
Kalba
Jindabuo
Poru
Gbegu
Soma
Nyole
Kporibyiri
Jetere Kura
(Tanpe)
Basananyiri
Kulmasa
Bobalanyuro
Saru
Toma Kura
Nyange
Sanjeri
Konkorope
Domangli
Uro
Both
Sexes
8,129
5,816
2,852
1,664
1,391
1,344
1,336
1,332
1,200
1,166
1,158
1,155
1,126
1,102
1,093
1,056
1,045
1,042
1,022
958
Male Female
3,921
4,208
2,811
3,005
1,329
1,523
801
863
697
694
641
703
653
683
646
686
553
647
617
539
565
545
528
483
551
559
510
510
457
64
549
619
590
581
574
610
505
486
532
512
501
House
holds Houses
1,793
1,152
1,059
914
476
479
273
289
125
122
155
131
220
233
199
159
129
139
141
145
185
117
191
126
129
157
162
127
130
134
116
200
116
162
124
124
117
109
277
137
Table A3: Population by age groups in the 20 largest communities
No.
Locality
1
Sawla
2
Age group
35-39 40-44
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75+
1,033
1,110
1,063
1,173
800
691
489
376
297
263
223
125
154
101
110
121
Tuna
702
774
850
953
496
382
359
259
208
136
208
122
99
71
93
104
3
Kalba
443
388
368
416
209
173
4
Jindabuo
246
300
217
179
135
123
130
144
107
87
84
59
69
35
50
90
87
66
65
55
47
34
28
21
26
35
5
Poru
302
246
182
131
57
45
109
60
52
39
29
20
39
12
37
31
6
Gbegu
275
273
171
118
52
70
49
50
63
67
44
27
35
10
17
23
7
Soma
197
242
176
8
Nyole
204
207
201
147
99
80
57
50
69
74
45
19
34
22
16
9
171
101
67
63
52
52
42
38
24
23
36
25
26
9
Kporibyiri
228
222
175
123
56
61
63
108
34
39
19
23
14
10
6
19
10
Jetere Kura (Tanpe)
236
254
137
84
72
62
55
55
50
34
34
19
23
18
12
21
11
Basananyiri
12
Kulmasa
279
237
198
88
26
24
47
62
51
57
15
18
20
8
6
22
169
185
138
136
98
68
61
59
51
36
28
6
34
12
19
55
13
Bobalanyuro
112
172
245
156
85
37
25
44
57
40
45
27
42
22
11
6
14
Saru
141
225
156
131
55
59
98
62
34
27
23
11
17
18
14
31
15
Toma Kura
197
215
166
117
69
75
55
51
49
36
28
10
12
5
3
5
16
Nyange
185
182
140
114
53
64
50
48
21
44
39
19
21
19
12
45
17
Sanjeri
206
197
131
88
64
65
51
53
43
40
21
17
21
7
24
17
18
Konkorope
149
188
130
114
70
90
68
44
52
42
30
14
25
7
5
14
19
Domangli
167
181
142
108
59
54
47
63
50
41
24
20
21
10
13
22
20
Uro
188
190
136
76
40
31
45
39
42
32
38
21
28
20
11
21
65
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Project Secretariat
Dr. Philomena Nyarko, Government Statistician
Mr. Baah Wadieh, Deputy Government Statistician
Mr. David Yenukwa Kombat, Acting Census Coordinator
Mr. Slvester Gyamfi, DISDAP Project Coordinator
Mrs. Abena A. Osei-Akoto, Data Processing
Mr. Rochster Appiah Kubi Boateng, Data Processing
Mrs. Jacqueline Anum, Data Processing
Mrs. Samilia Mintah, Data Processing
Mr. Yaw Misefa, Data Processing
Mr. Ernest Enyan, Data Processing
Mr. Amadu Salifu, Regional Statistician
Ms. Hanna Frempong Konadu, Formatting/Typesetting
Ms. Justina Yeboah, Formatting/Typesetting
Writers
Mr. Ibrahim Abdul-Rahman
Mr. Ndzibah-Baiden Richard
Consultant
Dr. Africanus Diedong
Editor/ Reviewers
Ms. Rebecca Appiah
Mr. Francis Bright Mensah
Mr. Peter Takyi Peprah
66