Statistical Information on
Plantation Crops
2012
Ministry of Plantation Industries
55/75, Vauxhall Lane, Colombo 2.
November
2013
i
2- CM 17140
ii
PREFACE
The publication of “Statistical Information on Plantation Crops - 2012” is its
24th issue which contains the key statistical information on tea and rubber
sectors as well as other major plantation crops.
The objective of this publication is to provide basic statistics and
information on the plantation crops of the country for the use of decision
makers and stakeholders in plantation sector. General public, students and
academics who engage in research oriented higher studies are also benefited.
This publication mainly deals with the tea and rubber sectors, which
come under the purview of Ministry of Plantation Industries at present.
Time series data of the period from 2000 to 2012 and tables of statistical
analysis for current year (2012) along with relevant narratives are the
information given herein.
In this publication, data/information on Tea and Rubber are given under
each section and subsequent section assigned for Estate Sector which covers
Regional Plantation Companies as well as the State Plantations. The final
section is assigned for statistics on other plantation Crops. By and large
basic information on both smallholding and estate sector is included in this
publication. In addition to that the information on world scenario under Tea
& Rubber crops is also available.
I acknowledge with appreciation the support extended to this Ministry
by the relevant Agencies, Associations, and Institutions by furnishing data/
information enabling the successful completion of this task.
My sincere gratitude to Mr. U.K.S. Mihindukulasooriya, Additional
Secretary (Development), Mrs. Ratna Edirisinghe Director (Planning), Mrs.
O.R. Wijegunasinghe, Statistical Officer and all others who had been involved
in making this effort a success.
Sudharma Karunaratne
Secretary.
Ministry of Plantation Industries
55/75, Vauxhall Lane
Colombo 02
November 2013.
iii
FOREWORD
“Statistical Information on Plantation Crops - 2012” is the 24th annual
publication of the Ministry of Plantation Industries of which the staff of the
Department of Census & Statistics engaged on its preparation.
The publication covers a wide range of statistical tables with relevant
narratives of the period 1990 to 2012 on Tea, Rubber and Estate Sector which
include both Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) and State Plantations
under the current mandate of Ministry of Plantation Industries. Further
statistics on other crops (Cashew, Coconut and Sugarcane) are presented.
It is felt that, the statistical information disseminated in this publication
will be immensely useful to Decision Makers, Researchers, Academics,
Students and Stakeholder who are engaged in plantation industries.
I would like to thank Mrs. O.R. Wijegunasinghe, Statistical Officer who
engaged in this task with the assistance of the Ministry of Plantation
Industries and Institutions under its purview as well as Associations,
Agencies responsible for data sources on the plantation sector.
I am confident that who use this publication will find it educative,
informative and easy to use. Therefore your suggestions, views on further
improvement will definitely encourage the staff, preparation of this
publication.
D. C. A. Gunawardena
Director General
Department of Census and Statistics
5th Floor
Rotunda Tower
109, Galle Road
Colombo 03
19th November 2013
iv
CONTENT
Index
Charts, Maps, overviews
Abbreviations
Weights and Measures Conversion Table
Exchange Rates Conversion Table
V-X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
1. TEA SECTOR
( Area, Production, Price, Export and World Scenario )
Table
Page
1.1 Key Indicators : Tea
Review : Key Indicators of Tea
01
02
Tea Area
1.2 Holdings & Extent by sector & by district - 2002
Review: Tea Holdings & Extent
1.3 Tea Extent by ownership 2000-2012
1.4 Tea Smallholdings & Extent – by district
1.5 Tea Smallholdings & Extent by District- 2005
Review : Tea Small Holdings & Extent by District
1.6 Area Replanted & New Planted Tea
1.7 Tea Growing Incentives for Small Holding Sector
Review : Area replanted & New planted for tea and
incentives for tea smallholdings
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
Tea Production
1.8 Made Tea Production by Category
1.9 Monthly Tea Production under Different Categories-2012
Review: Monthly Tea Production by category
1.10 Tea Production by Elevation
1.11 (i) Geographical Distribution – High Elevation Tea
(ii) Geographical Distribution – Medium Elevation Tea
(iii) Geographical Distribution – Low Elevation Tea
Review : Geographical Distribution of High, Medium &
Low Elevation Tea Production
v
14
15
16
19
20
21
22
23
Table
Page
1.12 Tea Production by Different Type
1.13 Made Tea Production by Sector
1.14 Monthly Tea Production by Leaf Ownership - 2012
Review : Monthly Tea Production by Leaf Owership
1.15 Made Tea Production by Type of Manufacturer
1.16 Tea Production, Export & Local Consumption
24
25
26
27
28
29
Tea Prices
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
Green Leaf Price to Small Holders - 2012
Average Colombo Auction Prices by Elevation
Average Tea Prices & Quantity Sold at Colombo Auction – 2012
Monthly average Auction Prices by Manufacturer - 2012
Review : Monthly average Auction Prices by
Manufacturer - 2012
1.21 Monthly tea Auction Prices at Main Auction Centers
1.22 Average FOB Tea Prices by Category
34
35
39
40
41
42
43
Tea Exports
1.23 Quantity & Value of Tea Exports by Category
1.24 Monthly Export Quantity & Value by Category – 2012
Review: Export Quantity & Value of Tea by Category
1.25 Sri Lanka Tea Exports by Destination
Review: Sri Lanka Tea Exports by Destination
1.26 Tea Imports & Value Added Re Exports
1.27 Tea Imports for Re export – Country wise
1.28 Cess Collection from Tea Exports
45
46
47
51
53
54
55
56
World Tea Scenario
1.29 World Tea Planted Area
Review : World Extent of Tea Planting
1.30 Countrywise World Tea Production
1.31 World Tea Production by Type of Manufacturer
Review: World Tea Production
1.32 World Main Tea Exporters by Destination – 2012
vi
58
59
60
61
62
63
Table
Page
1.33 World Tea Export Quantity & Value
Review : World Tea Export Earnings
1.34 World Tea Consumption – Selected Countries
Review: World Tea Consumption
64
65
66
67
2. RUBBER SECTOR
( Area, Production, Price, Export & World Scenario )
2.1 Key Indicators : Rubber
Review : Key Indicators of Rubber
73
74
Rubber Area
2.2 Rubber Area by Ownership 2000 - 2012
2.3 Rubber Holdings & Extent by Sector/District-2002
2.4 Rubber Holdings & Extent by Sector/District-2010
Review: Rubber Lands by District, 2002 & 2010 Censuses
2.5 Small Holding Extent by Size Class – 2010
2.6 Small Holding Extent by Size Class and by District – 2010
2.7 Smallholding Area of Immature and Mature – 2010
2.8 Estate Sector Area of Immature and Mature – 2010
Review : Immature & Mature Rubber Extent by District
2.9 Clonal Composition of Small Holding Extent- 2010
2.10 Smallholdings & Extent under Different Clones
by District – 2010
2.11 Estate Sector Extent by Different Clones by district – 2010
Review : Clonal Composition by District & Sector
2.12 Rubber Area Re Planted & New Planted
Review : Rubber Area Re Planted & New Planted
2.13 Plants Issuance & Target of RDD Nurseries
2.14 Plants Issued from Rubber Nurseries
Review : Plants issuance of RDD Nurseries and Private
Nurseries
2.15 Planting Incentives Paid to Small Holders
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Rubber Production
2.16 Comparison of Production, Export & Consumption
Review: Rubber Production, Export & Consumption
vii
96
99
Table
Page
2.17 Production by Different Type 2000-2012
2.18 Monthly Production by Type - 2012
Review : Raw Rubber Production by Different types
2.19 Rubber Production by Type of Management
2.20 Cost of Production – Smallholding Sector
2.21 Cost of Production – Estate Sector
Review : Rubber cost of production - Small Holding & Estates
100
101
105
106
107
108
109
Rubber Prices
2.22 Colombo Auction Price by Type
2.23 Monthly Rubber Auction Prices – 2012
2.24 FOB prices on monthly Raw Rubber Exports – 2012
Review: Auction Prices & FOB Prices on Raw Rubber
111
115
116
117
Rubber Exports/Imports
2.25 Raw Rubber Export Quantity & Value
2.26 Monthly Export Quantity and Value – 2012
Review: Raw Rubber Export Earnings
2.27 Raw Rubber Exports by HS Code - 2012
2.28 Raw Rubber Exports by Destination
Review: Raw Rubber Exports by Type & Destination
2.29 Rubber Imports by Type 2000 – 2012
2.30 Raw Rubber Imports by HS Code – 2012
Review: Imports of Raw Rubber
2.31 Rubber Finished Products Import by HS Code - 2012
Review: Rubber Finished Product Import
2.32 Export Income from Product Categories
2.33 Rubber Finished Products Export by HS Code – 2012
Review: Rubber Finished Products Export
2.34 Monthly Cess Collection on Rubber
Review : Monthly Rubber cess collection
119
120
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
134
135
136
137
World Rubber Scenario
2.35 Extent of World Rubber Plantation
2.36 World Rubber Production
2.37 Key Rubber Indicators of ANRPC Countries – 2012
Review: World Rubber Extent & Production
viii
139
140
141
142
Table
Page
3. ESTATE SECTOR
( RPCs & State Plantations)
Extent & Employment
3.1 Status of RPCs & State Plantations, 2011 – 2012
3.2 Land Utilization of RPCs & JEDB, SLSPC 2000 - 2012
3.3 Staff, Labour Force & Wage for RPCs, JEDB, SLSPC
Review: Extent & Labour Force in Estate Sector
3.4 Extent Cultivate in RPCs & State Plantations
3.5 Extent in Bearing in RPCs & State Plantations
Review: Extent Cultivate & Bearing in Estate Sector
3.6 Area Tea/Rubber Replanted & New Planted
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Tea Extent & Production
3.7 Tea Extent in Estate Sector – 2012
3.8 Tea Production in Estate Sector - 2012
3.9 Tea Extent, Production & Yield in Estates 2000– 2012
Review: Tea Extent, Production & Productivity
153
154
157
158
Rubber Extent & Production
3.10 Rubber Extent in Estate Sector - 2012
3.11 Rubber Production in Estate Sector - 2012
3.12 Rubber Extent, Production & Yield in Estates 2000- 2012
Review: Rubber Extent, Production & Productivity
159
160
163
164
Coconut Extent & Production
3.13 Coconut Extent & Production in Estate Sector - 2012
3.14 Coconut Production & Yield in Estate Sector 2000– 2012
Review : Coconut Production in Estate Sector
165
166
167
Oil Palm Extent & Production
3.15 Oil Palm Extent & Production in Estate Sector
3.16 Oil Palm Industry
Review : Oil Palm Extent & Production in Estate Sector
ix
168
171
172
Table
Page
Forestry Extent
3.17 Forestry Extent in Estate Sector – 2012
173
4. OTHER CROPS
(Cashew, Coconut & Sugar Cane )
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
Extent of Cashew Cultivation by District
Extent & Bearing Extent of Cashew
Cashew Production & Yield
Cashew Kernel Production & Consumption
Quantity & Value of Cashew Exports
Sugar Statistics 2011 – 2012
Sugarcane Extent by District & DS Division - 2002
Key Indicators : Coconut
Coconut Production, Consumption & yeild 2000-2012
Imports of Oils & Fats to Sri Lanka
Export of Coconut Products by Different Type 2011/2012
x
177
178
179
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
Page
CHARTS
Chart 1
Chart 2
Chart 3
Chart 4
Chart 5
Chart 6
Chart 7
Chart 8
Chart 9
Chart 10
Chart 11
Chart 12
Tea – Total Production
Tea – Yield
Tea – Colombo Auction Average Prices
Tea Export Income by Category
Rubber – Total Production
Rubber Production by Different Types – 2012
Colombo Auction Average Prices RSS - I
Rubber Export Values by Different Types – 2012
Tea Production in Estate Sector – 2012
Rubber Production in Estate Sector – 2012
Palm Oil Production in Estate Sector – 2012
Cashew – Production and Yield 2000 – 2012
17
31
37
49
97
103
113
121
155
161
169
181
MAPS
Map 1
Map 2
Extent of Tea Plantation by District
Extent of Rubber Plantation by District
xvii
71
OVERVIEWS
Overview 1
Overview 2
Overview 3
Overview 4
Overview 5
Overview 6
Overview 7
Overview 8
Overview 9
Overview 10
Tea Area
Tea Production
Tea Prices
Tea Exports
Tea World
Rubber Area
Rubber Supply (Production)
Rubber Prices
Rubber Export & Import
Rubber World
xi
03
13
33
44
57
75
95
110
118
138
ABBREVIATIONS
ANRPC
APCC
CDA
COP
CRI
CTC
DC
DCS
FOB
GDP
Ha
IFAD
IRSG
ITC
JEDB
KTFL
Kg/ha
Mn kg
MT
NFS
NR
RDD
RPCs
RSS
SLSPC
SLTB
SPEnDP
TIEP
TRI
TSF
TSHDA
TSHFL
TSR
Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries
Asian and Pacific Coconut Community
Coconut Development Authority
Cost of Production
Coconut Research Institute
Cut Tear and Curl; A Tea Manufacturing Method
Desiccated Coconut
Department of Census and Statistics
Free on Board; Fob Price to calculate Export Value
Gross Domestic Product
Hectares
International Fund for Agricultural Development
International Rubber Study Group
International Tea Committee
Janatha Estate Development Board
Kalubovitiyana Tea Factory Ltd.
Kilogram per Hectare
Million Kilogram
Metric Tons
National Fertilizer Secretariat
Natural Rubber
Rubber Development Department
Regional Plantation Companies
Ribbed Smoked Sheet
Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation
Sri Lanka Tea Board
Small Holder Plantations Entrepreneurship Development Project
Temporary Import for Export Purpose
Tea Research Institute
Tea Shakthi Fund
Tea Small Holdings Development Authority
Tea Small Holdings Factory Limited
Technically Specified Rubber; A method of Raw Rubber
Processing
xii
WEIGHTSAND MEASURES CONVERSION TABLE
Imperial to Metric
Metric to Imperial
1 Inch = 2.540 Centimeters
1 Centimetre = 0.3937 Inches
1 Feet = 0.3048 Meters
1 Metre = 3.281 Feet
1 Yard = 0.9144 Meters
1 Metre = 1.094 Yards
1 Mile = 1.609 Kilometers
1 Kilometre = 0.62137 miles
1 Acre = 0.4047 hectares
1Hectare = 2.471 Acres
1 Pound = 453.6 Grams
1 Gram = 0.002205 Pounds
1 Ounce = 28.35 Grams
1 Gram =0.03527 Ounces
1 Pound = 0.4536 Killograms
1 Kilogram = 2.205 Pounds
1 Lb/Acre =1.121 Kgs/Ha
1 Kg/Ha = 0.892 Lb/Acre
1 Long Ton Mile =1.635 Mt Kms
1 Mt Km = 0.612 Long Ton Mile
1 Pint = 0.75 Litres
1 Litre = 1.76 pints
1 Imperial Gallon = 4.55 Litres
1 Litre = 0.219 Imperial Gallons
xiii
EXCHANGE RATE
1 US Dollar = Sri Lankan Rupees
Year/ Month
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual
Average
Year End
75.78
89.36
95.66
96.52
101.19
100.50
103.96
110.62
108.33
114.94
113.06
110.57
127.60
Monthly
Average - 2012
80.06
93.16
96.73
96.74
104.61
102.12
107.71
108.72
113.14
114.38
110.95
113.90
128.35
113.90
117.23
125.52
128.66
129.38
132.04
132.87
132.07
131.78
129.11
130.33
128.35
Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
xiv
TEA SECTOR
xv
xvi
Map 1
xvii
xviii
1
279.52
360.97
210.75
309.90
112,834
1,020.0
212.7
181.4
1,356.0
1,482.3
3.0
‘000 Ha
‘000 Ha
kg/Ha
Ha
Ha
Rs/kg
“
Rs/kg
Mn Kg
Rs Mn
US$ Mn
304.6
72.5
54.4
177.7
2007
Mn kg
“
“
“
Unit
310.53
429.76
231.49
317.30
137,585
1,270.1
212.7
181.4
1,421.0
1,424.9
0.0
318.7
84.2
49.0
185.2
2008
212.7
181.4
1,312.0
1,418.0
0.0
291.1
73.0
44.8
173.3
2009
361.47
470.10
269.01
289.70
136,180
1,184.8
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Tea Small Holdings Development Authority
Department of Census and Statistics
*Extent and extent in bearing up to 2010 based on the Census of Agriculture in 2002
**Include re- export quantity (import with local blends)
1. Production
1.1 High grown
1.2 Medium grown
1.3 Low grown
2. Extent *
Total Extent
Extent in Bearing
3. Yeild
4. Replanting
5. New Planting
6. Prices
6.1 Colombo Auction
6.2 Export f.o.b.
7. Cost of Production
8. Exports**
9. Export Earnings
Item
KEY INDICATORS : TEA
370.61
501.88
313.17
324.40
162,789
1,439.8
212.7
181.4
1,478.0
1,683.0
2.5
331.4
79.1
56.1
196.2
2010
359.89
511.08
355.02
322.60
164,854
1,491.0
206.1
197.0
1,662.0
1,851.0
31.0
327.5
78.2
52.6
196.7
2011
391.64
563.94
390.89
319.90
180,430
1,414.0
203.0
194.5
1,688.4
1,832.0
255.0
328.4
73.7
52.6
202.1
2012
Table No 1.1
Key Indicators of Tea
(Reference to Table 1.1)
Out of reported total tea extent 203,020 ha, the extent 194,509 ha was matured
tea area as at end of the 2012. In the year 2012, the extent replanted ie. 1,832
ha was a slight decline compared with the year 2011, while new planted area
had substantially increased to 255ha due to enhancement of Government’s
subsidy scheme on new planting.
In 2012 only a marginal increase of total tea production was recorded (0.9
mn kg)as weather condition and climatic pattern prevailed for tea cultivation
was very similar to 2011. However, in term of the elevationwise tea production
is concerned, it has shown fluctuations, especially high and low grown in
2012. The high grown tea production decline 6% or 4.5 mn kg while low
grown production increased by 3% or 5.4 mn kg compared to previous year.
There is no any significant change reported on Medium grown tea production
in the current year.
Tea yield is concerned in 2011 & 2012 the substantial increase was recorded
due to change on computation method. with effect from 2011. Up to 2010,
yield computation was based on dividing total tea production by registered
tea extent recorded at SLTB (221,969 ha). This method of computation results
the low value of yield. In 2012, with the decision of switching the base
(denominator) to mature tea extent (194,508 ha) the yield value increased to
1688 kg/ha. As this is the internationally accepted method of yield
computation it will be continued in following years as well. (There is
subsequent potential to enhance the achieved yield level at present in tea
industry).
As tea prices, both Colombo auction and FOB export are shown in
increasing trend in this decade and the auction price and FOB price in 2012
are the recorded highest values in the history. Colombo auction average
price which was Rs 391.64 per kg indicates 9% increase while export average
price of Rs. 563.94 per kg was 10% increase in the year 2012, compared with
previous year. In 2012, cost of production of made tea had reached at
Rs. 390.89 per kg level as a result of continuous increase in input cost of
production and the issues related to the wages of the employees.
Including re-exports quantity with local blends, total tea export for the
2012 was 319.9 mn kg and reflects very marginal decline, 2.7 mn kg (0.8%)
compared to previous year. However, export earnings increased by Rs 15.6
billion (9%) to Rs. 180.4 billion due to 10% increase of FOB price.
2
TEA AREA
Overview - 2012
Extent in Hectares
Smallholdings
Estates
Total
2005
116,492
95,288
211,780
2011
120,955
82,065
203,020
Mature*
116,492
78,016
194,508 (96%)
Immature*
4,463
4,049
8,512 (4%)
*Estimated
Holdings of Tea
No. of smallholdings
Estimate
Average holding size
No. of estates
Size of holding
-
397,223 (2005)
400,000 (2012)
< ½ ha – 51% of extent
> 5 ha – 16% of extent
286 In RPCs & 35 in State
Mostly 20 ha & above
Tea Growing Districts
- 14
Highest extent
- Nuwaraeliya
Lowest extent
- Gampaha
Highest extent in Central Province - 78,000 ha (37%)
Replanting Extent & Rate to Mature Area:
Past 5 year average
- 1,642 ha (0.8%) -National
Rate prevailed for - Smallholdings
- 0.8%
- Estates
- 1.1%
Replanting Incentives:
Subsidies to smallholders (2012)
- Rs. 227 mn
Plants infilled – 5 year average
- 529,369
3
Table No : 1.2
NUMBER OF HOLDINGS AND EXTENT OF TEA BY SECTOR &
BY DISTRICT - 2002
Province &
District
Smallholding
No. of
Holdings
WESTERN
Estate Sector
Total
Extent No. of Extent No. of
(hec.) Holdings (hec.) Holdings
Extent
(hec.)
23,371
6,222
85
1,114
23,456
7,336
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
366
38
22,967
93
12
6,117
7
78
60
1,054
373
38
23,045
153
12
7,171
CENTRAL
31,115
12,010
517
65,986
31,632
77,995
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
18,432
747
11,936
7,609
356
4,045
235
87
195
14,990
4,774
46,222
18,667
834
12,131
22,599
5,130
50,266
SOUTHERN
105,796
39,828
524
9,946
106,320
49,773
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
58,314
45,863
1,619
22,062
17,326
440
235
289
-
3,568
6,378
-
58,549
46,152
1,619
25,629
23,704
440
NORTH WESTERN
95
31
1
10
96
41
Kurunegala
95
31
1
10
96
41
17,800
5,686
168
25,876
17,968
31,561
17,553
247
5,616
70
161
7
25,024
852
17,714
254
30,639
922
84,841
29,984
445
16,025
85,286
46,010
70,752
14,089
25,433
4,551
331
114
12,918
3,107
71,083
14,203
38,352
7,658
263,018
93,760
1,740
118,956
UVA
Badulla
Monaragala
SABARAGAMUWA
Ratnapura
kegalle
Total
264,758 212,716
Source: Department of Census and Statistics - Census of Agriculture - 2002
4
Tea Holdings & Extent
(Reference to Table 1.2)
Number of holdings and extent of tea cultivation for both Small holdings and
Estate sectors were compiled, based on the Agriculture Census – 2002
conducted by the Department of Census & Statistics (DCS). In this Census,
the definition applied for Small holding sector was below 8 ha (20 acres)
and for the Estate sector it was above 20 acres.
As a unit below 20 ha is considered as a Small holding administratively
by respective institutions, the number of holdings and extent indicated in
this table may differ from those shown in other tables and in sources other
than DCS.
Accordingly, in 2002, total number of Small holdings was 263,000 and
total extent was 93,760 ha, which was a definite increase due to the above
definition. Similarly number of holdings (1740) in Estate sector and
corresponding extent of 118,957 reduced as the minimum size of 20 ha of
holding was applied.
As far as the macro picture is concerned the largest extent i.e. 78,000
ha of tea cultivation was in the Central Province of which 50,000 ha (65%)
were in the Nuwaraeliya District, followed by Southern, Sabaragamuwa
and Uva Provinces. Tea Small holdings are mostly accumulated in the
Southern and Sabaragamuwa provinces (72%) and the Districts of
Ratnapura, Galle & Matara had the highest extent of small holder owned
tea land (69%). The majority of Estate sector extent of tea was in Central
and Uva provinces (77%) out of which 60% was in Nuwaraeliya & Badulla
Districts alone.
5
Table No. 1.3
TEA EXTENT BY OWNERSHIP
Hectares
Year
Estate Sector
Small Holding
Sector
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
99,564
98,882
97,172
93,522
91,384
95,288
97,587
90,752
92,108
88,624
84,119
85,440
82,065
84,703
85,102
85,664
86,307
91,668
116,492
117,992
119,492
119,768
120,009
120,500
120,664
120,955
Total
184,267
183,984
182,836
179,829
183,052
211,780
215,579
210,244
211,876
208,633
204,619
206,104
203,020
Source : Tea Small Holdings Development Authority
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs)
In terms of the definition of Smallholding sector, tea land consist of below 4
ha or 10 acres is come under the purview of the Tea Small Holdings
Development Authority while Tea Commissioner of SLTB inspects and
supervises Smallholding sector in range of 4 ha - 20 ha and the Estate sector
plantations.
Extent of total tea lands highlighted a declining trend for the period 1996
to 2004. Since 2004 a gradual increase was recorded till 2008 and it has
declined to 203,020 ha in current year.
Estate sector tea extent ownership has gradually declined since 1996
onwards due to various factors. This has declined of an average rate of 2,400
ha per annum. Compared to previous year in 2012, the extent of tea land
ownership in the Estate sector (RPCs and State owned JEDB, SLSPC and
Elkaduwa Plantation) declined by 3,375 ha while 291 ha increase was reported
in the Smallholding sector.
6
7
159,865
1,843
40,388
1,631
13,763
36,479
27,964
609
224
13,171
17,713
6,080
No of
Holdings
75,769
881
19,269
1,694
6,559
13,603
13,342
207
124
7,030
9,818
3,242
Extent
(Ha)
1983 Census
Source : Tea Smallholdings Development Authority
Total
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalla
District
206,652
13
8,494
14,198
705
10,892
56,547
44,051
1,186
135
15,287
77
49,161
5,906
No of
Holdings
82,919
14
2,566
9,733
1,305
7,053
17,855
16,886
306
42
6,899
25
17,789
2,446
Extent
(Ha)
1994 Census
397,223
491
9
38,263
30,747
1,408
17,547
90,524
67,613
2,533
151
29,679
637
97,984
19,637
118,274
236
2
7,587
12,486
1,190
5,971
25,325
22,971
492
99
7,863
67
28,232
5,753
Extent
(Ha)
2005 Census
No of
Holdings
INCREASING TEA SMALLHOLDINGS & EXTENTS BY DISTRICT
Table No. 1.4
8
423
9
35,793
25,457
1,011
15,270
79,432
58,470
2,373
111
26,989
551
87,070
17,333
350,292
88.2
75
2
5,441
5,329
229
2,936
15,361
12,140
426
30
4,953
122
17,674
3,264
67,982
51.4
35
1,927
3,345
166
1,663
8,296
6,835
141
23
1,747
72
7,910
1,680
33,840
8.5
25
1,268
2,258
121
1,082
5,640
4,647
91
15
1,191
53
5,317
1,142
22,850
17.3
< 1/2 ha
1/2 - < 1 ha
Holding Ex. Ha Holding Ex. Ha
22
396
1,094
81
302
1,840
1,296
14
8
574
11
1,880
400
7,918
2.0
27
497
1,407
106
387
2,372
1,654
17
10
737
14
2,419
508
10,155
7.7
1 - < 2 ha
Holding Ex. Ha
8
112
559
78
177
743
720
5
5
267
3
875
163
3,715
0.9
25
312
1,599
231
536
2,121
2,116
12
15
737
10
2,539
479
10,732
8.1
3
35
292
72
135
213
292
4
102
249
61
1,458
0.4
94
305
5,465
985
2,264
1,933
4,860
110
1,402
2,492
700
20,610
15.6
2 - < 5 ha
> 5 ha
Holding Ex. Ha Holding Ex. Ha
Different Class Size of hectare
Source: Tea Small Holdings Development Authority - Small Holder Tea Census - 2005
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalla
Total
%
District
TEA SMALL HOLDINGS & EXTENT BY DISTRICT - 2005
491
9
38,263
30,747
1,408
17,547
90,524
67,613
2,533
151
29,679
637
97,984
19,637
397,223
100
246
2
7,823
16,058
1,672
7,205
27,427
25,417
546
180
9,020
199
30,441
6,093
132,329
100
Total
Holding Ex. Ha
Table No: 1.5
Tea Small Holdings & Extent by District
(Reference to Table No. 1.4 & 1.5)
Three censuses conducted on smallholdings and corresponding extent had
show an significant increase. Cumulative figure of holdings and extent rapidly
increased during the 10 year period between 1994 & 2005 compared to the
period 1983 to 1994. The main contributory factor was encouragement
provided for the smallholders through government subsidy program and
other incentive schemes. Smallholdings extent increased rapidly in districts
of Ratnapura ,Matara,Galle & Kalutara. During this 20 year period the total
extent declined for Kandy,Matale & Nuwaraeliya districts due to various
reasons.
As given in table 1.5 the total extent of 132,329 ha includes the abandoned/
neglected tea extent of smallholding over and above 118,274 ha of maintained
tea lands. Subject to such an over stated extent 51% of extent was of the size
of < ½ ha holdings. Some 84% of smallholdings are of extent below the size
class of 5 ha. As smallholder tea lands were expanded in recent past since
1990s in the Kalutara & Kegalle districts the abandoned tea lands were
minimum in these districts in relation to other districts according to the
census of 2005.
9
Table No. 1.6
AREA REPLANTED AND NEW PLANTED TEA
Replanting
(Hectare)
New Planting
(Hectare)
Year
Small
Estate
Small
Estate
holder
Sector
holder
Sector
Sector (RPCs & State) Sector (RPCs & State)
Infilling
(No. of
plants)
Small
Holder
Sector
2000
518
880
255
9
812,174
2001
574
2,446
399
9
1,078,000
2002
736
380
562
12
2,522,872
2003
765
349
643
11
1,639,601
2004
994
309
12
7
1,489,167
2005
1,058
398
8
7
1,242,648
2006
1,001
389
1
4
520,610
2007
1,024
454
0
3
516,471
2008
881
544
0
0
519,607
2009
777
641
0
0
431,699
2010
847
836
0
3
424,227
2011
772
1,079
28
3
504,322
2012
937
895
239
16
766,991
Source:
Tea Small Holdings Development Authority
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs)
10
Table No. 1.7
TEA GROWING INCENTIVES FOR SMALLHOLDING SECTOR
Rs Mn
Replanting
New Planting
Infilling/
Crop
Rehabilitation
Year
Rs Mn
%
Rs Mn
%
Rs Mn
2000
69.60
86.35
7.23
8.97
2001
77.76
81.26
12.71
2002
99.17
70.33
2003
122.82
76.69
Total
%
Rs Mn
3.77
4.68
80.60
13.28
5.22
5.46
95.69
30.62
21.71
11.21
7.95
141.00
27.95
17.45
9.38
5.85
160.15
2004
188.10
87.00
3.25
1.50
14.46
6.71
205.81
2005
174.83
95.29
0.30
0.16
8.11
4.42
183.46
2006
179.42
95.57
0.31
0.01
7.81
4.16
187.73
2007
172.89
97.59
4.13
2.33
0.15
0.08
177.17
2008
194.59
97.57
-
-
4.84
2.43
199.43
2009
178.17
98.21
-
-
3.25
1.79
181.42
2010
177.85
98.03
-
-
3.58
1.97
181.43
2011
187.64
96.15
1.19
0.61
6.33
3.24
195.16
2012
226.83
83.79
23.12
8.78
14.36
5.43
264.40
Source : Tea Small Holdings Development Authority
11
Area Replanted and New Planted for Tea and Incentives for
Tea Smallholding Sector
(Reference to Table No. 1.6 & 1.7)
The government continuously provides financial incentives to encourage
replanting / new planting and infilling in the small holder sector in Sri Lanka.
In the year 2011, the government has decided to provide financial subsidies
for small holders at the rate of Rs. 150,000 per hectare to enhance the new
planting extent. As a result of that in 2012, the newly planted extent has
increased by 8 folds than the previous year. Since 2004, financial incentives
for new planting has not been provided during this period only few new
plantings were recorded as the past commitments and no new plantings at
all since 2007 to 2010. During the period of 1990 and 1995, the newly planted
area was 1600 ha average per year and it was 400 ha from 1996 to 2003.
Extent replanted shows a gradual increase since 2000 to 2007 since then
a decline was recorded by 2011. However, owing to the increment of subsidy
payments in the latter part of the 2011, an improvement of the replanted
extent was reflected in the year 2012.
The number of plants infilled shows a significant decline since 2006 to
2011 due to various reasons. In the year 2012, a significant improvement was
recorded.
In table 1.7 the three types of incentive schemes was introduced in terms
of expenditure parallel with extent and other inputs along with past
commitments to be paid in arrears are given. Key portion (86%) of incentive
payments were incurred for replanting. In 2012 compared to 2011, major
improvement (increase of Rs 69 mn) was reported as incentive expenditure in
the smallholding sector.
12
TEA PRODUCTION
Overview - 2012
In 4th Place next to China, India & Kenya
Total Production in million kilogram - 328.4 mn kg (328,397 Mt)
By Elevation :
Yield kg per Hectare
High
Medium
Low
1,688 kg/ha - National
- 73.7 – 22%
- 52.6 – 16%
- 202.1 – 62%
By Type :
Orthodox
CTC
Green Tea
By Sector :
- 302.1 – 92%
- 23.3 – 7%
- 3.0 – 1%
Smallholder
- 234.2 – 71%
Estate Sector - 94.2 – 29%
(RPCs & State)
By Manufacturing Factory :
By Leaf Ownership :
Private
RPCs
State
Own leaf
Bought leaf
- 200.6 –61%
- 119.9 –41%
- 7.9 – 2%
Top eight production Districts
Nuwaraeliya -20%, Badulla -10%,
Galle, Matara, Ratnapura,
Kegalla, Kalutara & Kandy together –67%
13
- 100.6 – 31%
- 223.3 – 69%
14
111.4
105.4
6.0
143.9
148.3
14.5
306.7
(4) By Manufacturer
- Private Factories
- RPC Factories
- State Factories
Total Production
310.8
163.0
128.3
19.5
92.9
5.5
98.4
212.4
289.2
18.4
3.2
74.7
51.5
184.6
2006
304.6
157.9
126.2
20.5
93.8
5.1
98.9
205.7
284.9
16.2
3.5
72.5
54.4
177.7
2007
318.6
167.7
131.0
19.9
98.3
5.5
103.8
214.8
298.9
16.5
3.2
84.3
49.0
185.3
2008
291.1
164.4
115.4
11.3
84.6
4.6
89.2
201.9
273.0
15.8
2.3
73.0
44.8
173.3
2009
Note : Leaf ownership of state denotes own leaf from JEDB, SLSPC, Tea Shakthi and TRI.
Manufacture of Private Factories includes Cooperative and TSHFL Factories.
State manufacture denotes the factories belong to JEDB, SLSPC, Tea Shakthi,TRI & Kalubowitiyana Ltd.
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
317.2
156.6
139.8
20.8
205.8
183.6
123.1
298.5
16.3
2.4
113.3
9.8
288.3
17.5
0.9
(2) By Type
- Orthodox Tea
- Cut, Tear & Curl (CTC) Tea
- Green Tea
80.4
55.1
181.7
2005
(3) By Green Leaf Ownership
- Smallholders
(Bought leaf)
- Non Smallholders
(Own leaf)
- RPCs
- State
83.8
56.4
166.5
2000
(1) Elevationwise
- High
- Medium
- Low
Category
331.4
183.1
136.1
12.2
96.9
4.4
101.3
230.1
309.7
18.4
3.3
79.1
56.1
196.2
2010
327.5
185.8
134.1
7.6
94.4
4.1
98.5
229.0
301.9
22.6
3.0
78.2
52.6
196.7
2011
Qty.
MADE TEA PRODUCTION BY CATEGORY TIME SERIES DATA FOR 10 YEARS
100
57
41
2
29
1
30
70
92
7
1
24
16
60
%
328.4
200.6
119.9
7.9
90.2
4
94.2
234.2
302.1
23.3
3.0
61
37
2
28
2
29
71
92
7
1
22
16
62
%
100
2012
73.7
52.6
202.1
Qty.
Million Kilogram
Table No. 1.8
4 - CM 17140
15
13.3
8.7
0.6
14.2
8.6
0.6
23.4
Total Production of
each Category
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
7.0
6.7
0.3
6.8
6.6
0.2
22.6
15.6
21.0
1.4
0.2
21.6
1.5
0.3
16.5
5.5
4.0
13.1
Feb
5.4
3.7
14.3
Jan
- Medium
- Low
(2) By Type
- Orthodox
- CTC
- Green Tea
(3) By Leaf Ownership
- Smallholders
(Bought Leaf)
- Non Smallholders
(Own Leaf)
- RPCs
- State
(4) By Manufacturer
- Private Factories
- RPC Factories
- State Factories
(1) Elevationwise
- High
Category
28.9
17.7
10.5
0.7
8.2
7.8
0.4
20.8
26.7
1.9
0.3
6.4
4.6
17.9
March
30.1
17.4
11.8
0.8
9.3
8.9
0.4
20.7
27.6
2.2
0.3
7.3
5.8
17.0
April
32.7
18.6
13.3
0.8
10.7
10.2
0.5
22.0
30.1
2.3
0.3
8.7
5.9
18.1
May
26.5
16.4
9.6
0.6
7.5
7.2
0.3
19.1
24.7
1.6
0.2
6.0
3.8
16.7
June
25.0
16.8
7.7
0.5
5.8
5.5
0.3
19.2
23.1
1.7
0.2
4.1
3.4
17.5
July
25.9
16.1
9.1
0.7
7.3
6.9
0.4
18.5
23.4
2.3
0.2
5.4
4.4
16.1
Aug
27.4
18.1
8.7
0.6
6.6
6.4
0.2
20.8
25.5
1.7
0.2
4.9
3.5
19.0
Sept
27.4
17.2
9.6
0.6
7.5
7.3
0.2
19.9
25.0
2.1
0.3
5.9
4.0
17.5
Oct
MONTHLY TEA PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT CATAGORIES - 2011
30.6
18.0
11.8
0.8
9.2
8.8
0.4
21.4
27.9
2.4
0.3
7.4
5.3
17.9
Nov
27.8
16.7
10.5
0.6
8.2
7.9
0.3
19.6
25.4
2.1
0.3
6.7
4.2
16.9
Dec
61.0
37.0
2.0
29.0
28.0
1.0
71.0
92.0
7.0
1.0
22.0
16.0
62.0
328.4 100.0
200.6
119.9
7.9
94.2
90.2
4.0
234.2
302.1
23.3
3.0
73.7
52.6
202.1
Total
Qty
%
' 000 Kilogram
Table No. 1.9
Made Tea Production by Category
(Reference to Table No 1.8 & Table No. 1.9)
Tea production has shown in these two tables were based on the elevation,
type of production, leaf ownership and the type of manufacturer. On average
elevation wise contribution to made tea production recorded as 59% for low
grown, 24% for high grown and 17% for mid grown since the year 2005 to
2012. However, in 2012 it was 62%, 22% & 16% for low, high and medium
grown respectively. Compared to the year 2011, Low grown tea contributed
significantly to increase the production by 2% in 2012. This elevation wise
production variation was caused by several factors such as weather, soil
condition, fertilizer applying etc., in addition to the extent of cultivation
under each elevation.
Monthly tea production has declined the period of January/February
and the period of June to July in 2012. Latter part of the year, the tea production
kept on an increasing trend. Weather conditions prevailed throughout the
year was caused for this discrepancy.
Black tea and Green tea were the two main types of made tea contribution
in the year 2012 out of which 99% for black tea and 1% for green tea
respectively. Based on the processing method the black tea had divided into
two types as Orthodox and Cut Tear & Curl (CTC) which accounts 92% and
7% respectively.
The green leaf ownership mainly reflects the Smallholder sector
production and the Estate sector production as well. In 2012, Smallholder
sector contribution to the national production was 71% and this was the
highest amount ever recorded in the history while the Estate tea production
was reported 94.2 mn kg or 29% contribution to the national tea production.
When the manufacturer base tea production is considered, there were
three types of manufacturers engaged in tea production ie. Private factories,
RPC factories and factories owned by State Institutions. Some 10% increase
of made tea production was recorded from Private factories during previous
three consecutive years owing to the increase of Smallholding sector supply
of green leaf. In contrast, made tea production of RPC factories declined by
12% during previous three consecutive years. In the same period State owned
factory made tea production declined by 35%. Non availability of sufficient
quantities of bought leaf due to competition from Private factories and decline
of own leaf production were the main contributory factors for such decline.
16
17
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Chart 1
18
Table No. 1.10
TEA PRODUCTION BY ELEVATION
Mn Kg
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
High
Grown
%
Medium
Grown
%
Low
Grown
%
83.5
75.1
87.0
81.6
75.2
80.4
74.7
72.5
84.4
73.0
79.1
78.2
73.6
27
25
28
27
24
25
24
24
26
25
24
24
22
56.2
53.8
53.9
53.9
49.9
55.1
51.5
54.4
49.0
44.8
56.1
52.6
52.6
18
18
17
18
16
17
17
18
15
15
17
16
16
166.1
166.2
169.1
167.7
184.3
181.8
184.6
177.7
185.3
173.3
196.2
196.7
202.1
54
56
55
55
60
57
59
58
58
60
59
60
62
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
19
Total
305.8
295.1
310.0
303.2
309.5
317.2
310.8
304.6
318.7
291.1
331.4
327.5
328.4
Table No. 1.11 (i)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEA PRODUCTION - 2012
HIGH ELEVATION - TEA LANDS ABOVE 4000 FEET
Elevation
Administrative
District
Agro-Climatic
District
High
Nuwaraeliya Agarapatana
Bogawantalawa
Hatton/Dickoya
Kotmale
Mathurata
Nanuoya/Lindula/Talawakelle
Nuwaraeliya
Patana/Kotagala
Pundaluoya
Ramboda
Udapussellawa/Halgranoya
Upcot/Maskeliya
Sub total
High
Kandy
Sub Total
Ramboda
High
Badulla
Bandarawela/Poonagalla
Demodara/Haliella/Badulla
Ella/Namunukula
Haputale
Koslanda/Haldummulla
Madulsima
Malwatte/Welimada
Udapussellawa/Halgranoya
Sub Total
High
Ratnapura
Balangoda
Upcot/Maskeliya
Sub Total
Total Production (High Grown)
Tea
Production
Kilograms
6,833,524
5,409,711
7,401,780
911,038
2,658,803
11,820,100
3,563,956
4,538,615
2,204,878
1,506,517
3,190,730
7,720,750
57,760,400
909,246
909,246
2,953,154
1,993,107
10,830
3,770,704
6,763
2,078,866
1,955,160
1,275,099
14,043,682
108,800
820,458
929,258
73,642,587
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
20
Table No. 1.11 (ii)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEA PRODUCTION-2012
MEDIUM ELEVATION - TEA LANDS BETWEEN 2000-4000 FEET
Elevation
Medium
Agro-Climatic
District
District
Badulla
Demodara/Haliella/Badulla
Ella/Namunukula
Koslanda/Haldummulla
Madulsima
Malwatte/Welimada
Passara/Lunugalla
Tea
Production
Kilograms
5,773,609.50
1,169,367.00
306,973.00
289,077.00
1,242,333.50
4,003,917.00
Sub Total
12,785,277.00
Medium
Kandy
Gampola/Nawalapitiya/Dolosbage
7,537,247.50
Hunnasgiriya/Matale/Yakdessa
74,721.00
Kadugannawa
1,315,862.00
Kandy/Matale/Kurunegala
1,339,300.00
Kotmale
386,650.75
Madulkelle/Knuckles/Ragala
5,192,588.50
Nilambe/Hantane/Galaha
1,254,702.00
Pussellawa/Hewaheta
4,764,369.00
Sub Total
21,865,440.75
Medium
Kegalle
Gampola/Nawalapitiya/Dolo
804,428.00
Sub Total
804,428.00
Medium
Matale
Hunnasgiriya/Matale/Yakdessa
919,339.00
Kandy/Matale/Kurunegala
253,420.00
Madulkelle/Knuckles/Ragala
265,228.00
Sub Total
1,437,987.00
Medium
Matara
Deniyaya
232,304.00
Sub Total
232,304.00
Medium
Nuwara Eliya Gampola/Nawalapitiya/Dolosbage
3,117,972.50
Hatton/Dickoya
1,193,199.50
Kotmale
903,259.50
Maturata
168,497.50
Patana/Kotagala
1,693,370.50
Pundaluoya
293,445.26
Pussellawa/Hewaheta
1,783,471.00
Ramboda
723,405.00
Udapussellawa/Halgranoya
404,386.50
Watawala/Ginigathhena/Norton Bridge 2,836,537.00
Sub Total
13,117,544.26
Medium
Ratnapura
Balangoda
1,529,524.00
Balangoda/Rakwana
463,164.65
Deniyaya
397,459.00
Sub Total
2,390,147.65
Total Production (Medium Grown)
52,633,128.66
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
21
Table No. 1.11 (iii)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEA PRODUCTION - 2012
LOW ELEVATION - TEA LANDS BELOW 2,000 FEET
Elevation
Low
Administrative
District
Colombo
Galle
Hambantota
Kalutara
Kandy
Kegalle
Matale
Matara
Nuwara Eliya
Ratnapura
Agro-Climatic
District
Kegalle
Galle
Kalutara
Morawaka
Matara
Kalutara
Gampola/Nawalapitiya/Dolosbage
Kadugannawa
Kandy/Matale/Kurunegala
Kadugannawa
Kegalle
Ratnapura
Kandy/Matale/Kurunegala
Deniyaya
Galle
Matara
Morawaka
Kelani Vally
Balangoda
Balangoda/Rakwana
Deniyaya
Ratnapura
Total Production (Low grown)
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
22
Tea
Production
Kilograms
675,457
44,359,233
4,196,149
238,231
284,332
17,357,166
3,063,422
5,777,615
1,456,582
702,939
10,141,605
372,343
522,932
14,830,201
33,687
4,175,330
25,250,005
828,544
6,994,718
3,105,452
1,085,245
56,670,132
202,121,318
Geographical Distribution of High, Medium & Low
Elevation Tea Production
(Reference Table Nos. 1.11 (i), (ii) & (iii))
Tea production can be disseminated geographically in to three elevations
according to the altitude i.e. high, medium and low elevations. In addition to
that tea production is classified by agro-climatic districts and administrative
districts as well. As there is any exactly demarcate boundaries, there are
some overlapping in this criteria is concerned.
The geographical distribution of tea production is considered, highest
production of high grown tea recorded from the Nuwaraeliya district which
accounts 78% and medium grown tea comes from Kandy district (41%) and
low grown tea comes from Ratnapura district (33%).
In accordance with the administrative districts are concerned, Nuwaraeliya
district contributed 71 mn kg ie. 22% to the national tea production in 2012
which consists of 57.8 mn kg for high grown tea and 13.1 mn kg for low
grown tea. Badulla district had contributed 26.8 mn kg ie. 8% to the national
production consists of 14 mn kg for high grown tea and 12.8 mn kg for
medium grown tea. Predominantly Ratnapura, Galle, Matara, Kalutara, Kandy
and Kegalle districts in low elevation had generated 200 mn kg ie. 61% to the
total production and 99% to the low grown tea production.
With respect to the Agro- climatic districts of high, medium and low
elevations are concerned, the highest tea production was recorded by
Ratnapura agro climatic district of low elevation in Sri Lanka.
23
Table No. 1.12
TEA PRODUCTION BY DIFFERENT TYPE
Mn Kg
Year
Black Tea
Green Tea
%
Total
Orthodox
%
CTC
%
2000
288.30
94
17.50
6
-
305.80
2001
277.95
94
17.14
6
-
295.10
2002
292.18
94
17.85
6
-
310.00
2003
285.60
94
17.60
6
-
303.20
2004
292.05
94
16.10
5
1.35
1
309.50
2005
298.49
94
16.29
5
2.42
1
317.20
2006
289.19
93
18.42
6
3.19
1
310.80
2007
284.90
94
16.20
5
3.50
1
304.60
2008
298.95
94
16.53
5
3.22
1
318.70
2009
273.00
94
15.80
5
2.30
1
291.10
2010
309.70
93
18.40
6
3.30
1
331.40
2011
301.90
92
22.60
7
3.00
1
327.50
2012
302.10
92
23.30
7
3.00
1
328.40
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Note : Orthodox Category includes Bio, Instant & Reclaimed Teas
24
Table No. 1.13
MADE TEA PRODUCTION BY SECTOR
Mn kg
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Small
Holder
Sector
%
183.8
183.4
189.6
188.0
203.0
205.8
212.4
205.7
214.8
201.9
230.1
229.0
234.2
60.1
62.1
61.2
62.0
65.6
64.9
68.3
67.5
67.4
69.4
69.4
69.9
71.0
Estate Sector
RPCs
State
114.2
105.1
113.4
109.1
99.9
106.0
93.7
94.1
98.3
84.7
96.9
94.4
90.2
7.9
6.6
7.1
6.1
5.2
5.4
4.7
4.8
5.6
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.0
%
39.9
37.9
38.9
38.0
34.0
35.1
31.7
32.5
32.6
30.6
30.6
30.1
29.0
National
Production
305.7
295.1
310.0
303.2
309.5
317.2
310.8
304.6
318.7
291.1
331.4
327.5
328.4
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
In 2012, Small holding sector and Estate sector have contributed 234 mn kg
(71%) and 94.2 mn kg (29%) to the national production of 328.4 mn kg.
Compared to 2011, Smallholder sector enhanced their production by 2%
while Estate sector was recorded 4% drop in 2012. However, in 2000 these
two sectors Smallholder & Estate added only 60% and 40% respectively to
the total production. In 2006, a sudden change of ratio was recorded as
68:32 for Smallholder and Estate sector respectively. The year 2012 registered
the best performance of Smallholder sector tea production ever.
In 2004 the Estate sector recorded a great reduction compared to previuos
period. Since then a gradual decline can be seen in estate sector. That
decrement is represented by the RPCs and State institutions such as JEDB,
SLSPC & Elkaduwa Plantation Ltd.
Effective financial incentives and subsidized inputs for cultivation and
fertilizer provided by the Government were the main attributing factors for
the increased share of production in the small holding sector. Low labour
productivity, low rate of replanting/ new planting were some causes for
reduction of the share of the production in Estate sector.
25
26
7,218
16,144
15,638
69
6,990
31
328
2,061
288
4
8
130
25
27
508
12,115
-
20,752
72
8,188
28
8,653
20,287
442
0
150
28,940
527
2,652
316
5
3
175
25
28
465
16,309
-
7,844
March
20,718
69
9,336
31
9,866
20,188
408
0
142
30,054
486
2,936
442
7
3
199
27
30
530
15,980
-
8,863
April
22,009
67
10,702
33
11,317
21,395
414
0
112
32,711
466
3,064
430
7
2
226
44
30
615
17,075
-
10,226
May
19,072
72
7,472
28
8,149
18,395
430
0
109
26,543
454
2,352
212
3
2
180
24
26
677
14,841
-
7,234
June
19,232
77
5,768
23
6,340
18,660
409
0
109
25,000
419
2,229
163
2
172
24
27
572
15,293
60
5,519
July
18,547
72
7,323
28
7,800
18,071
372
0
108
25,871
430
2,133
350
1
2
175
28
28
477
14,824
-
6,943
Aug.
7,279
Oct.
415
0
104
27,413
509
20,789 19,881
76
73
6,646
7,531
24
27
7,071
8,025
20,364 19,388
447
0
126
27,435
543
23,187
2,351
229
218
3
3
199
191
26
31
24
23
426
494
16,706 15,795
-
6,388
Sept.
21,453
70
9,182
30
9,933
20,701
421
0
110
30,635
517
3,056
389
1
2
212
33
25
752
16,361
-
8,757
Nov.
90,174
5,597
99
19,597 234,212
70
71
8,209 94,185
30
29
8,717 100,587
19,089 227,811
29
71
31
69
385
4,843 100
0
3
111
1,426 100
27,806 328,397
478
25
99
1
2
98
51
49
3
97
1
75
Total
Qty.
%
2,585 29,749
275
3,555
30
22
55
146
2,131
30
338
24
322
508
6,401
15,360 183,713
60
7,882
Dec.
'000 KiIogram
Table No. 1.14
Note : In order to calculate smallholder and non smallholder contribution in total tea production the own leaf portion of Private Tea Factories is treated as bought leaf.
As a result the sector contribution adjusted to 78% and 29% respectively which is given in other tables and elsewhere.
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
16,523
71
6,839
29
7,498
15,130
354
0
124
23,362
Own
Bought
Own
Bought
Qty.
%
Qty.
%
347
0
120
22,627
438
Bought
State - Tea Research
Institute
Private Tea Factories
(Individual)
Private - Tea Small
Holding
Factory Limited
(TSHFL)
Private - Cooperatives
MPI Kalubowitiyana
Tea Factory LTD
Total Production :
of which
Own leaf
Bought leaf
Leaf Ownership :
Smallholders :
(Bought leaf)
Non Smallholders :
(Own leaf)
State - Tea Shakthi
2,011
244
3
3
128
23
31
379
13,056
-
Bought
Own
Bought
Own
Bought
Own
Bought
Own
Bought
Own
6,669
6,569
Own
Feb.
RegRegional
Plantation
Companies (RPC)
(Elkaduwa PLC
included)
State - JEDB, SLSPC
Jan.
Leaf
Ownership
Institution
MONTHLY TEA PRODUCTION - 2012 COMPOSITION OF LEAF OWNERSHIP
Monthly Tea Production by Composition of
Leaf Ownership - 2012
(Reference Table No. 1.14)
The supply chain of the tea leaves are concerned there are two ways of
supplying leaves to the factory. The own leaf which belongs to owner of the
factory and the bought leaf which is outsource to the factory from the others.
Although in order to compute the Estate and Smallholder contribution in
total tea production the own leaf portion of private factories is treated as
bought leaf.
Out of these manufacturing institutions the highest production of own
leaf was brought by the Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs). In contrast,
highest production of bought leaf was gained by the Private Factories. In
spite of that maximum contribution to the 328.4 mn kg of made tea production
was accomplished by the Private Factories. In 2012, bought leaf obtained
top production which accounts 69% and own leaf obtained 31% from the
total production.
With regard to the Smallholder and Estate contributions to the national
production, 71% by the Smallholder sector and 29% by the Estate sector.
Private Factories, TSHFL, Co-operatives and Kalubowitiyana Tea Factory
mainly depend on the bought leaf. Moreover, the allocation of State Factories
(JEDB, SLSPC, TRI & TSHFL, Kalubowitiyana Tea Factory LTD) is just 2%.
27
Table No. 1.15
MADE TEA PRODUCTION BY TYPE OF MANUFACTURER
Mn kg
RPC
Factories
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
%
147.9
140.0
148.5
143.9
133.6
139.8
128.3
126.3
131.0
115.4
136.2
134.1
119.9
48.4
47.5
47.9
47.5
43.2
44.1
41.3
41.5
41.1
39.6
41.1
40.9
37.0
State
(JEDB,
SLSPC,
%
TSF & TRI
Factories)
14.3
14.4
16.7
20.8
20.0
20.8
19.5
20.5
19.9
11.3
12.2
7.6
7.9
4.7
4.9
5.4
6.9
6.5
6.6
6.3
6.7
6.3
3.9
3.7
2.3
2.0
Private
Factories
National
Production
%
143.5
140.7
144.8
138.5
154.5
156.5
163.0
157.9
167.8
164.4
183.1
185.8
200.6
46.9
47.7
46.7
45.7
49.9
49.3
52.4
51.8
52.6
56.5
55.2
56.7
61.0
305.7
295.1
310.0
303.2
309.5
317.2
310.8
304.6
318.7
291.1
331.4
327.5
328.4
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
Three types of manufacturers are engaged in production process of made
tea such as RPC factories, State owned factories and Private factories. RPC
factories which depend on 75% own leaf & 25% bought leaf showed a
decline in share of production from 48% in 2000 to 37% by 2012.
In the decade the category of private factories that consist of individuals,
TSHFL and Co-operatives which mainly depend on bought leaf (97%)
increased their share of production from 47% to 61% comparatively. The
share of State factories (JEDB, SLSPC, TSF, TRI & Kalubowitiyana Factory
Ltd) is around 2% at present. TSHFL & Co-operative manufacturers which
were categorized under state by mistake are corrected since 2011. As a result
state production is adjusted to 7.6 mn kg (2.3%) in 2011 and 7.9 mn kg (2%)
in 2012 while increasing the share of private factories.
28
Table No. 1.16
TEA PRODUCTION, EXPORT & LOCAL CONSUMPTION
Mn kg
Year
Production
Yield
(kg/ha)
Exports
(without
re-exports)
%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
305.8
295.1
310.0
303.2
309.5
317.2
310.8
304.6
318.7
291.1
331.4
327.5
328.4
1618.0
1562.0
1649.0
1613.2
1461.0
1418.0
1386.0
1356.0
1421.0
1312.0
1478.0
1662.0
1663.0
281.4
288.9
287.3
291.5
290.6
298.8
314.9
294.3
301.2
279.9
305.8
303.2
306.0
92.0
97.9
92.7
96.1
93.9
94.2
101.3
96.6
94.5
96.2
96.2
92.6
93.0
Local
%
Consumption
24.4
23.0
22.7
21.0
22.0
23.5
24.0
25.0
27.0
28.0
32.8
28.0
27.8
8.0
7.8
7.3
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.7
8.2
8.5
9.6
9.9
8.5
8.5
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
Tea Production, Export, Local Consumption
(Reference to Table 1.16)
In the 1990s, national tea production increased by 70 mn kg. However, in
previous decade (2000-2010) the production increased marginally by 25 mn
kg. In 2012 the production increased slightly by 0.3% compared to previous
year. The quantity exported from national tea production remained around
94% on an average term throughout the decade. This excludes quantity
used for blending with tea imported for re-export. In 2012, exported quantity
is raised by 0.9%. Following similar trends of production in the 1990s exports
increased by 65 mn kg. In the previous decade the quantity of export
increased only by 25 mn kg.
On average terms around 8% of the total tea production is used for local
consumption. The equation of the quantity of production to export plus
local consumption is not always matched due to the adjustment of stock
remaining at the year end.
29
30
31
Chart 2
32
TEA PRICES
Overview - 2012
Average Green Leaf Prices
Realized to Smallholder
Uva
Western
High
High
Rs per kg
49.71
55.62
Uva
Medium
61.56
Western
Medium
50.78
Low
grown
59.66
Colombo Auction Average Sale Price & Quantity Sold
High Grown Medium Grown
Low Grown
Rs per Kg
375.53
351.08
407.14
Mn Kg
69.7
49.8
202.9
All
391.64
322.50
Colombo Auction Average Sale Price by Factory Type
RPCs
Rs/kg
381.41
JEDB/ TSHFL CoTS Fund
SLSPC
operatives
301.25 417.60 405.57
360.91
Major Auction Centers
Private
426.10
400.64
Tea Export prices (FOB)
by category
Average Unit Price
US$ /kg
Kolkata
Cochin
Guwahati
Cuittagong
Mombasa
Jakarta
Colombo
Malawi
TRI
Average
Rs/Kg
2.81
1.80
2.47
2.41
2.88
1.97
3.07
1.70
Black Tea
- Bulk
495.29
- Packets
516.16
- Tea bags
1,084.01
Instant tea
884.50
Green Tea
1,112.46
Average FOB 552.26
33
Table No. 1.17
GREEN LEAF PRICE TO SMALL HOLDERS
BY ELEVATION - 2012
Month
Uva
High
Western
High
Uva
Medium
Western
Medium
Rs/Kg
Low
Grown
48.81
46.50
50.10
56.39
51.28
51.09
51.03
53.14
56.44
55.02
56.49
57.91
51.56
45.14
46.29
48.52
53.13
49.89
49.98
50.44
53.29
54.28
53.79
54.91
57.80
50.78
53.29
53.18
57.01
64.11
61.58
60.14
61.36
59.51
63.03
60.16
59.26
62.13
59.66
January
42.73
50.95
February
43.50
51.14
March
46.36
52.54
April
51.35
54.11
May
47.59
52.84
June
48.27
52.85
July
50.21
55.14
August
56.78
63.29
September
59.04
61.84
October
56.95
62.71
November
59.14
63.37
December
59.39
66.47
Average
49.71
55.62
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
High grown & Medium grown elevations were subdivided into four specific
green leaf categories on prices monthly basis in 2012. Low grown prices are
the highest followed by high grown and medium grown. However, since the
end of the third quarter in 2012, Western High green leaf prices got high
prices and as an average law price were reported for other High and Medium
categories of green leaf.
Currently the net proceeds of made tea sold at auctions is divided at a
ratio of 68:32 between the smallholder (grower) and manufacturer (factory)
respectively based on reasonable price formula. The smallholders’ portion is
informed by Sri Lanka Tea Board on a monthly basis as minimum price level
for green leaf intake which manufacturer is liable to pay.
Green leaf prices of low grown category during April to December are
higher than the rest of months. An almost similar pattern of monthly average
price variation can be seen for High and Medium growns. Within High grown
category the prices of Western high were attractive than Uva high with a
difference of Rs 3/= to Rs 8/= per kg. In Medium grown category prices
maximum of Rs 3/= difference per kg is realized for Uva medium above the
Western medium.
34
Table No. 1.18
AVERAGE COLOMBO AUCTION PRICES OF TEA
BY ELEVATION
Rs/kg
Year
High
Medium
Low
All Elevations
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
128.46
135.56
141.73
138.31
171.78
172.24
204.58
253.41
276.06
320.93
337.83
329.95
375.53
119.08
122.63
126.61
126.18
157.96
163.27
177.25
245.72
272.73
315.86
330.88
319.77
351.08
144.79
154.50
160.55
160.86
189.86
199.01
204.50
299.35
336.61
389.11
393.40
381.27
407.14
135.53
143.96
150.28
149.05
180.74
186.20
199.84
279.52
310.53
360.67
370.61
359.89
391.64
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
In the decade the annual average auction price for tea remained the highest
for low grown, second for high grown and the lowest for medium grown.
Further, national average price was always higher than the high and medium
elevational price (exception for 2006) and below the low grown price
throughout. The price fetched at the auction for three different elevations
were in parallel with the quantity of tea production for respective elevations
in the past 2 decades. Taste of teas, type of production, brands, weather
conditions and manner of operation have contributed to the price differences
among the elevations.
In 2012, the three elevations High, Medium and Low the average auction
prices enhanced by 13%, 10% and 7% respectively and national avaverage
price computed was increased by 9% for compared to 2011.
35
36
37
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Chart 3
38
Table No 1.19
MONTHLY AVERAGE TEA PRICES & QUANTITY SOLD
AT COLOMBO TEA AUCTION - 2012
Month
High Grown
Medium Grown
Mn kg
Rs/kg
Rs/kg
7.0
331.87
5.1
303.84
20.5
365.11
32.6
348.39
February
5.0
333.28
3.7
315.08
March
5.7
345.58
4.2
334.33
15.6
364.28
24.3
350.35
15.7
390.55
25.7
371.25
April
5.9
364.22
4.3
371.87
17.1
438.31
27.3
411.81
May
6.8
349.11
June
7.3
351.16
5.1
343.18
17.0
420.48
28.9
389.98
5.1
343.24
16.9
410.91
29.3
384.20
July
7.6
August
4.2
366.60
5.2
347.25
20.1
420.97
32.9
396.84
421.11
3.3
366.33
16.2
408.61
23.7
404.99
September
5.0
418.18
3.6
375.66
15.5
430.61
24.2
419.78
October
5.8
420.63
4
372.17
20.1
411.68
29.9
408.17
November
5.0
425.98
3.3
379.75
16.0
405.70
24.3
406.39
December
4.3
439.08
2.9
397.49
12.2
425.54
19.4
424.38
351.08 202.9
407.14
322.5
391.64
Total Qty
(Mnkg) and
Average
Price
(Rs/kg)
69.7
375.53 49.8
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
39
Mn kg
Rs/kg
All Elevations
Mn kg
January
Mn kg Rs/kg
Low Grown
40
335.48
338.93
356.29
386.49
367.83
363.47
378.44
411.70
417.04
413.24
414.91
432.35
381.41
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Average
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
RPCs
MONTH
379.69
380.84
401.49
439.54
433.20
419.58
435.96
420.04
443.42
421.27
411.15
426.87
417.60
TSHFL
364.00
367.89
392.94
439.82
419.61
412.39
413.75
394.13
430.90
409.82
405.28
421.57
405.57
Cooperatives
380.79
388.18
401.54
442.40
429.88
409.85
430.54
445.04
461.97
438.53
449.67
491.71
426.10
Tri
360.02
359.51
383.88
430.02
409.61
403.37
411.83
402.77
423.38
406.87
403.08
421.24
400.64
Private
Factories
302.33
312.53
353.18
402.77
360.04
372.20
370.01
372.01
389.80
374.48
369.38
384.36
360.91
Tea
Shakthi Fund
250.65
272.33
293.29
336.23
294.21
298.10
288.94
304.64
339.54
311.93
322.58
349.24
301.25
JEDB/
SLSPC
MONTHLY AVERAGE COLOMBO AUCTION PRICES OF TEA BY MANUFACTURER - 2012
348.79
350.93
371.87
412.03
390.39
384.99
397.14
405.25
420.08
408.25
406.88
424.67
392.03
AVERAGE
Rs/kg
Table No. 1.20
Monthly Average Colombo Auction Prices of Tea by
Manufacturer
(Reference to Table 1.19 & 1.20)
In terms of the table no 1.20 Tea Research Institute (TRI) has recorded the
highest average price for its made tea in 2012. This was followed by TSHFL,
Cooperative Factories and Private Tea Factories respectively. RPC factories
and Tea Shakthi Factories were below the national average. JEDB & SLSPC
factories reported the lowest auction price which was below Rs 91 per kg
compared to national average of 2012. Throughout the year the auction
prices of Tea Shakthi factories and state owned factories (JEDB/SLSPC)
were below the national average.
The type of manufacturers are concerned, Sri Lanka has tea manufacturers
in terms of the supply chain of the Ceylon tea production. Some manufactures
are required to concern on their raw materials quality, Modernizations of
factories and methods followed by the other competitors in order to relation
in the market and to obtain a good price. On the other hand it is the
responsibility of the Tea Research Institute which was reported the best
price in the auction for Ceylon tea to share the experience with other stake
holders in the market for the best prices.
41
42
2.56
2.23
1.90
2.97
3.08
3.93
3.29
3.01
2.80
2.73
2.51
2.33
2.78
2011
2.22
2.08
1.72
2.56
3.21
3.09
3.04
3.06
3.03
2.95
2.86
2.79
2.81
2012
Kolkata
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Avarage
Month
1.85
1.87
1.82
1.85
1.72
2.01
1.70
1.74
1.85
1.80
1.58
1.52
1.73
2011
1.62
1.75
1.86
1.98
1.86
1.69
1.72
1.75
1.85
1.87
1.81
1.91
1.80
2012
Cochin
2.09
1.88
1.75
2.53
2.76
3.64
2.77
2.52
2.33
2.27
2.09
1.87
2.33
2011
1.73
1.71
1.65
2.89
2.93
2.82
2.59
2.55
2.50
2.55
2.43
2.48
2.47
2012
Guwahati
2.68
2.46
1.53
2.50
2.20
2.87
2.13
2.28
2.26
1.97
1.80
1.90
2.14
2011
1.91
1.96
1.38
N.A.
2.26
2.67
2.40
2.52
2.53
2.38
2.62
2.94
2.41
2012
Chittagong
2.91
2.79
2.74
2.67
2.61
2.70
2.80
2.77
2.67
2.69
2.66
2.61
2.72
2011
2.63
2.64
2.73
2.78
2.80
2.88
2.99
3.08
3.03
2.88
3.05
3.08
2.88
2012
Mombasa
2.04
2.06
2.04
1.95
1.89
1.88
1.97
2.00
2.00
1.96
1.93
1.86
1.97
2011
1.88
1.83
1.79
1.86
1.84
1.96
2.01
2.08
2.11
2.10
2.15
2.24
1.97
2012
Jakarta
3.56
3.55
3.57
3.37
3.12
3.91
3.10
3.16
3.15
3.24
3.17
3.12
3.26
2011
3.06
2.98
2.95
3.20
3.02
2.91
2.99
3.07
3.18
3.16
3.12
3.31
3.07
2012
Colombo
MONTHLY AUCTION PRICES OF TEA AT MAIN AUCTION CENTERS 2011/2012
1.66
1.56
1.68
1.57
1.47
1.46
1.57
1.63
1.84
1.87
1.74
1.66
1.64
2011
1.66
1.66
1.69
1.74
1.57
1.64
1.87
1.95
2.04
2.02
1.93
1.87
1.70
2012
Malawi
US$/Kg
Table No. 1.21
Table No. 1.22
FOB AVERAGE TEA PRICES BY CATEGORY
Rs/kg
Black Tea
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulk
Tea
Packeted
Tea
159.19
173.66
175.16
176.41
203.52
222.75
230.96
313.08
378.53
410.53
437.15
442.66
495.29
181.73
204.09
221.45
212.35
238.37
239.94
264.93
349.13
415.86
457.58
475.24
473.32
516.16
Tea
Bags
Instant
Tea
Green
Tea
Other
Average
Price
399.74
469.71
491.12
500.85
518.95
545.69
557.82
605.37
722.13
785.70
792.91
912.47
1,084.01
506.53
599.03
645.59
767.67
581.59
614.29
739.63
661.48
898.98
826.62
803.38
861.26
884.50
413.99
523.14
505.14
573.95
520.11
551.76
575.39
713.89
810.18
865.79
891.11
976.98
1,112.46
267.50
308.41
339.02
332.90
380.77
392.32
439.81
526.38
597.38
650.27
781.59
-
181.42
205.37
212.99
216.36
243.95
258.82
274.16
360.97
429.76
470.24
494.59
500.64
552.26
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Note : Volume of "Other" category which was appeared previously absorbed in to
main categories in 2011 and thereafter.
During past two decades, export price for all categories of tea have been
shown increasing trends despite a few exceptions in prices in some years.
However, annual average prices were continuously in increasing trend. In
2011 “Other” category of tea exports which existed till 2010, has been absorbed
into 5 major categories and average FOB price was adjusted accordingly.
FOB price of bulk tea category of black tea showed a considerable growth
(12%) in 2012 while Packeted tea FOB price was increased by 9%. Tea bags
category of Black tea recorded the highest growth (19%) of FOB price greater
than the 2011 growth. With regard to Instant tea & Green tea FOB prices
highlighted a growth of 3% & 14% respectively. For the average FOB price
of all 5 categories, the growth recorded in 2012 was significant i.e. 10%.
Current FOB price of value added tea bags and Green tea had recorded the
highest price in the market, Rs 1,084 and Rs. 1112.46 per kg respectively.
These two categories had taken more than double the price of bulk tea. It
shows the market trend of the value addition of tea.
43
TEA EXPORTS
Overview - 2012
Total Exports – 319.9 mn kg
Quantity
Unit Price
(mn kg)
(FOB Rs/Kg)
Normal
306.0
552.26
Re export
13.9
820.84
Total
319.9
563.94
Export Earnings
(Rs mn)
169,015
11,415
180,430
($ mn)
1,324.5
89.5
1,414.0
Category wise Export
Bulk tea
129.5
Packeted Tea 151.9
Tea Bags
20.6
Instant Tea
1.6
Green Tea
2.4
Re Exports
13.9
Total
319.9
64,136.6
78,457.0
22,333.5
1,372.2
2,715.2
11,415.4
180,430.3
502.6
614.9
175.0
10.8
21.3
89.5
1,414.0
495.26
516.50
1,084.20
857.63
1,131.33
821.25
563.94
Major Destinations – in mn kg (57% share)
Russia
Iran
Syria
Iraq
47.2
38.1
24.7
23.5
Tea Imports mn kg
CTC
Green Tea
Speciality
Total
Value Rs mn
-
Libya
16.3
Tea Re-exports
2.7
2.8
0.7
6.2
2,230
Quantity mn kg
Value Rs. mn
-
Tea Export Cess Collected:
Rs 2,051 mn (Bulk Rs 10/= & Value Added Rs 4 per kg)
44
13.9
11,415
Turkey
23.1
45
164.6
176.8
125.0
129.5
2009
2010
2011
2012
64,137
55,316
77,275
67,554
67,387
56,317
45,696
39,072
37,979
31,040
32,954
30,407
29,105
Rs mn
152.0
149.9
89.8
75.5
84.3
72.7
79.4
89.1
68.5
82.7
68.9
84.9
74.7
Mn kg
78,457
70,611
42,662
34,542
35,051
25,392
21,042
21,371
16,339
17,557
15,261
17,321
13,569
Rs mn
Black Tea
Packeted Tea
20.6
23.9
25.7
18.7
20.3
22.0
19.1
18.0
17.8
15.5
14.1
13.0
12.1
Mn kg
22,334
21,778
20,405
14,686
14,652
13,313
10,659
9,816
9,256
7,763
6,944
6,133
4,850
Rs mn
Tea Bags
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
Mn kg
Green Tea
Other
1,372
1,630
1,423
1,125
1,183
988
773
655
829
1,017
838
826
617
2.4
2.5
2.8
3.9
3.9
3.5
3.5
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.6
2,715
2,442
2,494
3,370
3,184
2,470
2,021
1,509
1,222
845
533
427
266
n.a.
n.a.
8.9
15.9
13.4
14.7
14.0
12.5
13.8
14.5
13.7
13.7
9.9
n.a.
n.a.
6,963
10,337
8,007
7,737
6,146
4,904
5,270
4,842
4,659
4,213
2,635
Rs mn Mn kg Rs mn Mn kg Rs mn
Instant Tea
86,337
77,327
70,895
63,064
61,188
59,327
306.0 169,015
303.2 151,777
305.8 151,222
280.0 131,613
301.2 129,464
294.3 106,217
314.9
298.8
290.6
291.5
287.3
288.9
281.3
Rs mn
51,042
Total
Mn kg
: Sri Lanka Tea Board
: In 2011 Tea export under "Other" category not exist as in previously since it was absorbed in to main categories
178.0
2008
Source
Note
179.8
2007
186.6
2004
197.8
176.0
2003
175.4
188.1
2002
2006
175.1
2005
182.8
2001
Mn kg
Bulk Tea
2000
Year
TEA EXPORT VOLUME & VALUE BY DIFFERENT CATEGORY
Table No. 1.23
46
12.40
11.10
12.50
12.30
September
October
November
December
6,283.7
6,494.0
5,758.7
6,342.8
4,972.7
5,288.5
4,918.5
6,058.7
4,343.4
5,508.2
3,967.2
4,200.1
Rs mn
15.20
12.25
11.24
15.89
9.17
13.27
11.10
15.74
12.44
13.65
11.54
10.45
mn kg
7,989.3
6,653.7
6,031.8
8,449.1
4,766.5
7,031.5
5,744.6
8,338.5
6,337.3
6,865.9
5,452.3
4,796.5
Rs mn
Packeted Tea
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
129.50 64,136.6 151.94 78,457.0
10.10
August
Total
10.00
10.50
July
May
June
9.00
11.80
April
11.60
March
9.40
9.00
February
mn kg
Bulk Tea
January
Month
Black Tea
mn kg
2,019.7
1,815.1
1,775.8
2,305.9
1,858.0
1,785.3
1,596.6
2,243.2
1,614.7
2,044.4
1,673.8
147.5
168.9
165.2
115.1
26.9
1.6
131.1
153.6
102.5
116.5
124.8
118.5
Rs mn
1.60 1,372.2
0.10
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.03
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.20
1,601.0 0.2000
Rs mn
20.60 22,333.5
1.80
1.50
1.50
2.00
1.60
1.70
1.50
2.10
1.50
2.00
1.60
1.70
mn kg
Tea Bags
Instant Tea
266.2
318.4
255.6
242.9
208.9
204.7
220.5
228.2
200.4
212.5
211.5
145.4
1,044.6
971.1
986.2
1,142.3
803.1
682.3
770.9
1,055.9
933.3
1,154.9
892.9
977.9
13.90 11,415.4
1.20
1.00
1.20
1.20
0.90
0.80
0.90
1.40
1.20
1.50
1.20
1.40
17,751
16,421
14,973
18,598
12,636
14,994
13,382
18,078
13,532
15,902
12,323
319.9 180,430
30.80
27.75
25.44
31.79
22.00
26.47
23.70
31.44
24.44
29.05
23.74
23.25
Rs mn
11,839
Total
Rs mn mn kg
Re-Exported Tea
Rs mn mn kg
2.40 2,715.2
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.10
mn kg
Green Tea
TEA MONTHLY EXPORT VOLUME AND VALUE BY CATEGORY - 2012
759,623
83,016
-
69,697
147,201
44,456
63,566
65,747
61,292
62,048
40,743
65,473
56,384
Liters
217.6
27.3
-
19.2
41.9
16.8
7.8
13.8
20.2
13.3
15.800
25.300
16.200
Rs mn
RTD
Table No. 1.24
Export Quantity and Value of Tea by Category
(Reference to Table No. 1.23 & 1.24)
Bulk tea export quantity which was 65% of total export in 2000 declined
gradually to 58% in 2010 and further to 42% in 2012 indicates positive trends
of more value addition in the Sri Lankan tea market. However, absolute sum
of export earnings of Bulk tea increased by Rs. 35 bn from 2000 to 2012, due
to increase of unit price and quantity as well as the devaluation of Sri Lanken
Rupee time to time. In between 2000 and 2012 there was a substantial increase
on quantity and value in terms of the export of tea packets under the value
added categories. However, a much higher value added category, Tea Bags
showed a significant increase in quantity from 4% to 7% and in export
earnings from 9.5% to 13.2 % in the period between 2000 and 2012 respectively.
As a result of the Cess increase in 2011, from Rs.4 to 10 per kg to discourage
bulk tea exports the export quantity was declined by 47 mn kg and earnings
by Rs.13 bn in 2012 over the year 2010. As expected from Cess adjustment in
last year the export earning of tea packets and tea bags increased by 8 bn
and 1 bn respectively. In 2012, the amount of bulk tea has expanded by 4.5
mn kg while tea packets expanded by 2.1 mn kg compared to the year 2011.
On the other hand quantity of tea packets exported had been declined by 3.3
mn kg. At present export volume is consisted Bulk of Black tea Packets and
Bags which contribute to total exports 42.3%, 49.7% and 6.4% respectively.
Also very small fraction of exports is shared by Instant tea (0.5%) and Green
tea (0.8%). Even in value terms only 2.3% (Rs 4 bn) is accounted for these
two categories. A marginal decline has reported for the export volume of
Instant & Green teas. The Ministry of Plantation Industries has already
given the guidelines to respective agencies to improve the market share of
these two categories.
In 2011 “Other” category of Black tea which existed in previous years
was absorbed into main categories and as a result monthly breakdown of
categories was also streamlined. Monthly analysis for year 2012 highlighted
that in February, April and August export quantity was less than in other
periods on main categories of black tea. With re exported teas 13.9 mn kg
(earning Rs.11.4 bn) total export stood at 319.9 mn kg and corresponding
value of Rs.180.4 bn. Imported quantity of other origin tea in re exported
category is as much as 13.90 mn kg in the year 2012. In addition to that Ready
To Drink (RTD) category recorded exports of 760,000 liters at value of Rs.218
mn in the year 2012.
47
6 - CM 17140
48
49
-
1,000.0
2,000.0
3,000.0
4,000.0
5,000.0
6,000.0
7,000.0
8,000.0
February
January
Export Income by Category - 2012
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
Income Rs Mn
9,000.0
April
March
Bulk Tea
Tea Bags
Green Tea
June
Month
September
Packeted Tea
Instant Tea
Re-Exported Tea
August
July
May
Chart 4
December
November
October
50
51
RUSSIA
UAE
SYRIA
TURKEY
IRAN
SAUDI ARABIA
IRAQ
UK
LIBYA
EGYPT
JAPAN
JORDAN
UKRAINE
TUNISIA
CHILE
GERMANY
PAKISTAN
USA
HONG KONG
NETHERLANDS
AUSTRALIA
GREECE
ISRAEL
KUWAIT
COUNTRY
48.5
34.2
24.8
17.0
11.8
9.7
13.3
8.1
19.0
3.8
7.6
8.4
8.1
6.4
5.4
5.3
2.7
3.3
3.5
3.4
2.7
3.8
2.9
2.5
2001
53.8
30.9
30.1
16.3
14.9
10.1
17.7
7.6
5.5
1.1
7.2
8.3
7.9
6.3
6.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.5
2.6
3.0
2002
54.9
27.5
28.5
19.0
13.8
10.4
6.0
7.0
19.5
1.0
8.1
11.4
8.5
4.8
5.6
5.8
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.1
3.2
2.6
2.3
2.6
2003
55.7
29.6
28.8
25.2
20.4
9.3
6.6
5.3
1.6
0.9
9.0
14.3
8.2
6.2
6.2
5.9
3.0
3.5
4.1
3.6
2.8
2.4
2.1
2.2
2004
52.8
37.6
27.6
16.8
24.9
9.9
10.8
3.8
10.8
1.2
8.5
12.0
7.6
5.9
6.8
5.2
3.0
3.1
4.5
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.0
2.7
2005
59.3
44.1
30.6
13.3
27.9
7.4
12.1
4.7
5.4
3.3
10.9
9.5
8.3
8.0
7.2
6.0
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.5
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
2006
48.7
43.7
27.3
14.5
31.7
8.5
9.0
3.1
9.3
1.5
10.3
5.9
7.4
5.6
6.4
5.5
0.7
3.0
4.6
2.4
3.0
2.5
1.8
2.5
2007
45.4
45.2
26.1
15.9
31.0
7.3
11.6
2.4
7.2
1.1
10.2
14.3
7.7
4.9
7.2
5.9
1.4
2.7
4.8
4.5
3.2
2.2
2.0
7.5
2008
SRI LANKA TEA EXPORTS BY DESTINATION
42.4
30.9
29.5
15.7
27.7
4.8
9.8
2.2
8.1
1.3
9.5
13.4
6.9
3.5
6.1
4.9
1.6
2.8
5.1
3.8
3.0
2.0
1.6
10.1
2009
44.4
31.1
28.2
19.3
29.1
4.2
13.1
1.8
10.7
1.5
11.2
17.7
7.7
0.8
6.5
5.7
1.0
3.2
5.2
2.6
3.2
2.1
1.4
11.6
2010
49.1
21.8
28.8
19.2
30.9
4.7
22.6
1.3
7.4
2.4
11.6
7.3
8.1
2.0
6.6
6.2
1.5
3.4
5.1
2.6
2.7
2.6
1.5
9.1
2011
47.2
11.6
24.7
23.1
38.1
4.5
23.5
1.7
16.3
3.6
9.5
9.4
8.0
6.6
5.6
4.5
3.0
4.4
2.1
2.7
7.3
2012
Mn kg
Table No 1.25
52
2.1
1.8
2.9
4.4
1.3
1.4
18.8
288.9
2001
2002
1.8
2.2
1.9
6.1
1.7
1.2
17.8
287.3
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
POLAND
AZERBAIJAN
LEBANON
FINLAND
ITALY
CANADA
OTHERS
TOTAL
COUNTRY
2.2
1.7
2.4
6.0
2.0
1.4
18.8
291.5
2003
2.8
1.6
2.1
6.0
2.0
1.5
17.7
290.6
2004
2.4
1.5
1.6
6.4
1.4
1.3
17.3
298.8
2005
2.7
1.2
1.6
3.0
1.4
1.5
19.1
314.9
2006
3.2
1.4
1.8
6.4
2.0
1.1
19.5
294.3
2007
2.1
2.7
1.8
2.1
1.6
1.2
18.1
301.3
2008
2.6
3.1
2.3
1.9
1.7
0.8
20.8
279.9
2009
2.1
10.4
2.2
0.6
3.2
0.8
23.2
305.8
2010
2.5
12.0
2.1
0.3
1.7
0.7
25.4
303.2
2011
2.4
10.6
2.1
1.8
31.7
306.0
2012
Mn kg
Table No 1.25 (Contd.)
Sri Lanka Tea Exports by Destination
(Reference to Table No. 1.25)
Top twenty five (25) tea importing countries from Sri Lanka shared 90% of
total exports of Sri Lankan own made tea in the year 2012, which exclude re
export blended component of 13.9 mn kg. With a few exceptional cases the
import quantity of each country presented is more than 1 mn kg. The balance
10% of export quantity was exported to other 100 odd tea consuming
countries of which annual volume of exports between 10,000 kg and 1 million
kg. Compared to previous year exports, a marginal increase (1%) was recorded
in the current year.
As far as the top 25 export destinations are concerned, in the year 2009
which world economic recession was severely affected for total tea imports
declined to 280 mn kg. However, past 3 years (except 2009) the level of total
imports remained the same. A considerable increase (6 mn kg) shows in
respect of destinations in ‘Other’ category in 2012 compared to the period of
2008-2011. However, total tea exports to all destinations have shown in the
range between 280 – 315 mn kg over the decade despite of annual variations
highlighted for some importing countries.
Since 2000, even in 2010 the top five tea export destinations of Sri Lanka
were Russia, UAE, Syria, Turkey and Iran. However, in the year 2012 Iraq
came into this category replacing the status of UAE. These top five importers
along shared 51% of total tea exports from Sri Lanka. The improving export
markets in the recent past are Iraq, Japan, Ukraine, Germany, Chile &
Azerbaijan. However, the importers who reduced purchase of Sri Lankan tea
in the past few years are UAE, UK, Finland, Canada and Saudi Arabia.
53
Table No. 1.26
TEA IMPORTS AND VALUE ADDED RE-EXPORTS
Year
Imports
Qty
Mn Kg
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4.2
3.8
3.5
6.2
7.4
7.8
10.7
13.7
14.8
10.0
12.2
11.4
6.2
Value
Rs Mn
578
647
606
1,190
1,416
1,487
n.a.
4,210
7,730
2,980
3,768
3,770
2,230
Re-Exports
Total Qty
Value
Mn Kg
Rs Mn
7.5
5.5
4.6
6.8
10.0
11.5
16.0
15.3
18.6
9.8
18.6
19.4
13.9
n.a
2,583
2,353
3,440
4,571
5,085
5,330
6,617
8,121
4,570
11,568
13,077
11,415
Source : Sri Lanka Tea Board
In order to fulfill the demand of overseas customers’ taste, the local tea
exporters import other origin teas under TIEP (Temporary Import for Export
Purpose) scheme, which is implemented by Sri Lanka Customs and Sri Lanka
Tea Board. Further, importation of other origin teas to Sri Lanka for re-export
in value added form after blending with local tea is regulated due to maintain
tea quality. Under this scheme exporters earn substantial volume of foreign
exchange.
In the year 2012, the quantity of CTC and speciality teas imported shows
a significant decline. India & Kenya, were the two main producers of CTC
tea of which Sri Lanka imported entire need of special category of CTC
requirement as unable to produce such teas locally. Similarly major portion
of green tea requirement imported from China. Import of Green tea from
vietnam declined in 2011 & 2012 compared to 2010. Other speciality categories
of Black/orthodox type teas imported mainly from India. In the year 2012
compared to the 2011 total importation of other origin teas declined by 45%.
The quantity of imported other origin teas peaked at 14.8 mn kg. in 2008
and dropped to 6.2 mn kg in 2012. Re-exports with local blends recorded the
highest quantity (19.4 mn kg) and export value (Rs. 13.1 billion) in 2011 has
declined to 13.9 mn kg and value of Rs. 11.4 bn respectively in the current
year.
54
55
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,061.9
182.6
0.0
3,678.6
150.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7,073.8
Argentina
China
Germany
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kenya
Malawi
Nepal
Taiwan
Vietnam
United Kingdom
Total
2,821.3
0.0
2,720.8
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.9
0.0
Green
Tea
2011
1,510.9
0.0
175.0
23.9
1,289.0
0.0
0.0
11.8
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
10.0
Speciality
Tea
11,406.0
0.0
2,895.8
23.9
4,353.5
182.6
0.0
3,690.4
150.7
1.2
0.0
97.9
10.0
Total
2,688.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,429.9
27.8
0.0
1,230.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
CTC
Tea
2,777.3
0.0
2,663.8
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.2
3.5
0.0
0.0
104.0
-
Green
Tea
2012
716.6
0.0
221.6
1.8
491.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.0
8.54
0.0
8.5
0.0
0.04
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
41.7
8.0
2.0
0.0
28.2
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
Speciality White DecaffeinTea
Tea ated Tea
6,232.4
8.0
2,895.9
1.8
1,955.4
27.8
0.2
1,237.6
0.0
1.5
0.2
104.0
0.0
Total
MT
Sri Lankan position is marginally below the average of other competitors in relation to the subject of tea importation
for the re-export purposes. In order to retain the competitiveness of the market, Sri Lankan share of re-exportation to be
expanded in accordance with the marketing strategies of other competitors such as China, India, Kenya, and Vietnam etc.
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
CTC
Tea
Country
TEA IMPORT FOR RE - EXPORT PURPOSE - COUNTRYWISE
Table No. 1.27
Table No: 1.28
CESS COLLECTION FROM TEA EXPORTS
Year
Export
Quantity
Mn kg
Cess
Collection
Rs Mn
Value of Exports
Rs Mn
US $ Mn
SDR Mn
2000
281.3
416.5
51,042.9
673.6
510.9
2001
288.9
1,066.5
59,327.6
663.9
521.6
2002
287.3
767.5
61,188.0
639.7
493.7
2003
291.5
739.6
63,064.0
653.4
466.3
2004
290.6
726.5
70,893.2
700.6
473.0
2005
298.8
771.0
77,326.7
769.4
520.9
2006
314.9
755.0
86,336.7
830.5
564.3
2007
294.2
1,146.6
106,217.0
960.2
627.1
2008
301.2
1,186.0
129,464.0
1,195.1
756.1
2009
279.9
1,103.1
131,613.5
1,145.0
742.7
2010
305.8
1,193.9
151,222.0
1,337.5
876.6
2011
2012
303.2
306.0
2,057.8
2,051.4
151,776.5
169,015.0
1,372.7
1,324.5
869.6
865.1
Note: Excludes re-export quantity which Cess is not entitle
Source: Sri Lanka Tea Board
Cess on tea exports was increased to Rs. 4 per kg in 2006 against the
previous rate of Rs.2.50 per kg which was implemented since 1997. The
increase of the Cess rate became around 1% of tea export value since 2007.
In terms of the annual budget of the 2011, the Cess rate for bulk tea which
is considered to be above the 10 kg packs of made tea was increased up to
Rs. 10/- per kg while remaining Rs. 4/= per kg on all the other categories. As
a result of this total Cess collection for the year 2011 was amounted to Rs.
2057.8 mn. This was a 72% growth of Cess income over the previous year
and 1.4% of annual export proceeds of tea. The Cess collection of the current
year is reported to Rs. 2051.4 mn which indicates slight decline as against to
collection of the previous year.
56
TEA WORLD
Overview - 2012
Tea Extent (Thousand Hectares) – 4,021
Of which
China
India
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
Vietnam
Asia
3, 620
Africa
309
Other
92
2, 280
580
203
121
124
Kenya
Uganda
Tanzania
Malawi
191
29
23
19
Argentina
Georgia
Tea Production (Thousand Metric Tons) – 4,620
Asia
3,939
85.3%
Africa
570
12.3%
Other
111
2.4%
Production by Type (Thousand Metric Tons) – 4,214
Orthodox
1,027
88.1%
1.8%
10.1%
Total
Asia
Africa
Other
CTC
1,695
67.0%
32.6%
0.4%
Green Tea
1,492
100%
Export Quantity & Value – Top 4 Exporters
000’ Mt
% to Total
Value $ mn
% to Total
Sri Lanka
306
17%
1,325
24.6%
China
322
18%
1,116
20.7%
India
202
11%
687
12.7%
Kenya
430
24.3%
1,328
24.6%
Tea Consumption (kg per head/year)
Higher end
Kuwait – 3.25
UK – 1.97
Libya - 2.39
Lower end
France – 0.24
Germany – 0.33
Indonesia – 0.32
57
Moderate
Sri Lanka – 1.33
China – 0.95
Russia/CIS – 0.99
40
36
Table No. 1.29
DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD TEA PLANTED AREA - COUNTRYWISE EXTENT
Thousand Hectares
Country
2001
2005
2008
Asian Region
China
1,141 1,352 1,719
India
509
556
578
Sri Lanka
184
212
212
Indonesia
151
139
128
Vietnam
102
124
131
Turkey
77
78
78
Japan
50
48
48
Bangladesh
49
52
54
Myanmar
72
78
78
Nepal
14
16
17
Taiwan
19
18
16
Iran
35
23
18
Other Asia
5
6
7
(Korea & Malaysia)
Sub Total - Asia
2,393 2,701 3,095
African Region
Kenya
124
141
158
Malawi
19
19
19
Rwanda
13
12
12
Tanzania
21
23
23
Uganda
21
22
24
Other Africa (Eight
36
36
35
Countries)
Sub Total - Africa
234
253
271
South America
Argentina
37
37
38
Other (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador)
9
9
9
Sub Total - South America
46
46
47
CIS Region
Georgia
36
36
36
Other (Azerbaijan, Russia)
7
4
3
Sub Total - CIS
43
40
39
Oceania
Australia & Papua
5
5
5
New Guinea
Total Extent
2,721 3,045 3,457
2009
2010
2011
2012
1,849 1,970 2,113 2,280
579
579
578
580
209
205
204
203
125
124
124
121
130
130
128
124
77
78
78
78
47
48
48
46
55
55
54
55
78
78
79
79
17
17
17
17
15
15
14
13
18
18
17
17
7
7
7
7
3,187 3,303 3,458 3,620
158
19
12
23
25
33
172
19
12
23
26
33
188
19
12
23
29
33
191
19
13
23
29
34
270
285
304
309
39
9
48
40
9
49
40
9
49
40
9
49
36
2
38
36
2
38
36
2
38
36
2
38
5
5
5
5
3,548 3,680 3,854 4,021
Source : International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
Web sites of the Tea Producing Countries
Note:
Total Planted Tea area (irrespective of bearing & immature extent) at the
end of each year is given.
58
World Extent of Tea Planting
(Reference to Table No. 1.29 )
At present world tea extent is around 4,021,000 ha which was as low as
2,721,000 ha in 2001. Asian region dominates the tea planted area sharing
about 88% - 90% of world tea extent in the decade. African continent shares
about 7.5% - 8.5% while rest of the tea growing world, South America, CIS
region and Oceania together contribute 2% - 3% of the world tea extent.
Since the year 2001, tea extent increasing by 1.2 million hectares or 51% in
Asia, in African region extent increase recorded by only 75,000 hectare,
which is 32%.
In Asia, top five tea growers (China, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia & Vietnam)
possessed over 76% of the world tea extent and 87% of Asian region in the
year 2001. In 2012, the contribution of extent to world total and Asian total
prevails as much as 82% and 91% respectively. This was due to a substantial
extent enhancement under extensive new planting program in China at the
rate of mroe than 100,000 ha annually. No significant increase in tea extent
recorded for other main growing countries. However, in the decade India, Sri
Lanka & Vietnam enhanced the extent by 71,000 ha, 19,000 ha & 22,000 ha
respectively, while extent in Indonesia declined by 15,000 ha since the year
2001. A stagnant status of tea extent is highlighted for rest of the Asian
countries other than Taiwan & Iran where declining extent in this period.
As a dominant tea grower, Kenya owned 62% of tea extent in Africa at
present. Since 2001 Kenya expanded tea extent from 124,000 ha to 191,000 ha
(54%) through its ambitious new planting scheme targeted to increase tea
production rapidly. Apart from Uganda all other tea growers in Africa showed
stagnant tea extent in the decade.
In South America, Argentina is the main tea grower which recorded same
extent of tea land in the decade. In CIS region, Georgia possesses 36,000 ha
of tea extent. Tea land extent of other South American countries, other CIS
countries and Oceania recorded insignificant quantity and no expansion at
all. Currently world tea extent is dominated by 9 Asian countries (including
top five growers) and Kenya with 3.7 million hectares or 93% of world extent.
59
Table No. 1.30
COUNTRYWISE WORLD TEA PRODUCTION
Thousand Metric Tons
Country
2001
Asia
China
702
India
854
Sri Lanka
296
Indonesia
167
Vietnam
77
Turkey
143
Japan
90
Bangladesh
57
Myanmar
17
Nepal
12
Taiwan
20
Iran
59
Other (Korea & Malaysia)
7
Sub Total - Asia
2,501
Africa
Kenya
295
Malawi
37
Rwanda
18
Tanzania
25
Uganda
33
Other (8 Countries)
59
Sub Total - Affrica
467
South America
Argentina
67
Other (Brazil, Ecuador,
9
Peru)
Sub Total S. America
76
CIS Region
Georgia
5
Other (Azerbaijan, Russia)
4
Sub Total CIS
9
Oceania
Australia & PNG
7
Grand Total
3,060
2005
2008
2009
935
946
317
156
133
135
100
61
18
13
19
25
6
2,864
1,258
981
319
153
166
155
93
59
19
16
17
18
6
3,260
1,359 1,475
979
966
290
331
153
151
175
170
153
148
86
83
60
59
19
19
16
17
17
17
18
17
6
7
3,331 3,461
323
38
16
30
38
43
488
346
42
20
32
43
38
521
314
53
21
32
51
43
514
399
52
22
32
59
46
610
378
47
24
33
54
47
583
370
42
25
32
55
46
570
80
10
72
10
90
10
95
10
93
11
84
11
90
82
100
105
104
95
3
4
7
4
4
8
4
4
8
4
4
8
4
4
8
5
4
8
8
3,457
8
3,879
Source: International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
Web Sites of the Tea Producing Countries
60
2010
8
8
3,961 4,192
2011
2012
1,623 1,790
1,116 1,126
329
328
142
137
178
190
145
147
82
86
59
62
19
20
17
17
17
15
16
15
7
7
3,751 3,939
8
8
4,454 4,620
Table No. 1.31
WORLD TEA PRODUCTION BY TYPE OF MANUFACTURE
Thousand Metric Tons
2011
Country
Black Tea
Ortho- CTC
dox
Green
Tea
2012
Total
Black Tea
Ortho- CTC
dox
Asia Region
China
114
- 1137.6 1251.6 132
India
104 874
10.2 988.2
9 9 1,016
Sri Lanka
303
23
3
329 302
23
Indonesia
80
9
31
120
94
10
Vietnam
86
12
80.1 178.1
87
13
Turkey
145
145 148
Japan
77.4
77.4
Bangladesh
3
56
0.2
59.2
3
59
Myanmar
19
19
20
Nepal
2
15
17
2
15
Taiwan
1
16.7
17.7
1
Iran
16
16
15
korea
4.1
4.1
Malaysia
2
2
2
Sub Total Asia
875 989 1,360 3,224 905 1,136
African Region
Burundi
7
7
7
Kenya
1 4 364
378
13
357
Malawi
47
47
42
Rwanda
24
24
25
Tanzania
33
33
32
Uganda
54
54
55
Zimbabwe
15
15
13
Camaroon
4
4
5
Other Africa
22
22
22
Sub Total Africa
1 8 566
584
18
553
CIS
8
1.2
9.2
8
South America
Argentina
91
1.9
92.9
84
Other
10
0.6
10.6
12
Sub total South
101
2.5 103.5
96
America
Papuwa New Guniea
7
7
6
Grand Total
1,002 1,562 1,364 3,928 1,027 1,695
Source: International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
: Websites of the Tea Producing countries
61
Green
Tea
Total
1,248
11
3
33
90
86
0
17
4
1,492
1,380
1,126
328
137
190
148
86
62
20
17
18
15
4
2
3,533
-
7
370
42
25
32
55
13
5
22
571
8
0
84
12
96
1,492
6
4,214
World Tea Production
(Reference to Table No. 1.30 & 1.31)
First time of the history, in the year 2012, world tea production was 4.6 million
meteric tons. This is a 51% growth compared to 2001 and 4% growth over
the previous year. The share of tea production over the decade has recorded
within the range of 82% - 85% for Asia, 12% to 15% for Africa and 2-3 % for
rest of the world. Compared to 2011, total tea production increased by 167,000
metric tons which was caused mainly by an increase in tea production of
167,000 mt in China.
In 2012, major tea producing countries in Asia such as China, India, Sri
Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam and Turkey had shared 80% or 3.7 mn mt of the
world tea production and 94% of Asian tea production. This indicates the
positive trend throughout the decade. Tea production in China has increased
rapidly with an annual growth of 13% resulting in more than doubling the
production since 2001 and owned by 39% of global share currently. Indian
production growth rate was slightly below the growth rate of China. India
owned global share of 24%. Since 2001, Sri Lanka & Vietnam increased their
production by 11% and 147% respectively while Indonesian production
declined by 18%.
Kenya dominates the African region producing 8% of world production
and 65% of African share. Argentina which is the main producer in South
America, produces 2% of world production in comparison to Sri Lankan
share which remains 7% currently. It is significant fact that Kenya has
increased its production by 25% since 2001 and has currently surpassed Sri
Lanka which was similar status at beginning of the decade. In respect of
other producers, they have not shown significant production increase in the
decade.
Currently the shares of three types of manufacturing of world tea
production are Orthodox 24%, CTC (40%) and Green tea (35%). Asian region
produces all three types showing Green tea (42%), CTC (32%) and Orthodox
(26%) of Asian total in 2012. Also China, Vietnam, Japan & Taiwan are
prominent in Green Tea production while CTC is the main production in
India and Bangladesh. Orthodox production is dominated by Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Turkey & Vietnam. Tea production in African region is confined
to CTC (97% of region total) and Kenya production alone is about 65% of
African CTC or 357,000 mt in 2012. In South American region, Argentina
produces Orthodox exclusively. Overall China dominates Green Tea
manufacturing producing 84% of total Green Tea while 81% of total CTC is
produced by India & Kenya. Orthodox type is concerned, 5 main producers
(Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Turkey and Argentina) share 715,000 mt or
70% of global Orthodox total.
62
Table No 1.32
WORLD MAIN TEA EXPORTERS BY DESTINATION - 2012
Importing
Country
United Kingdom
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netharlands
Poland
Russia & CIS
Canada
USA
Chile
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Hongkong
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Jordan
Lebonan
Pakistan
Syria
Turkey
Egypt
Libya
Tunisia
Australia
Malaysia
Afganistan
Indonesia
Taiwan
Senegal
Yeman
Mali
Nigeria
Niger
Sudan
Algeria
Togo
Cameroon
Mauritania
Morocco
Sri Lanka
Kenya
China
India
Total
% of total export
E xporting Country - Quantity Export in Metric Tons
Sri
Lanka
India
China
1,693 19,950
2,001
5,630
7,730
9,341
1,071
1,690
1,991
3,110
1,926
2,402
3,470
1,537
69,393 54,040 52,172
603
1,010
1,512
2,950 11,030 25,921
6,551
7,278
4,438
2,380
11,240 18,690
698
4,389
- 10,649
38,111 13,780
6,900
23,464
90
9,540
3,220 17,703
9,355
2,118
4,487 23,720
4,887
24,712
25
23,129
290
3,633
5,440
1,395
16,281
3,260
4,985
16
3,265
2,705
3,670
1,586
725
1,472
660
975
225
1,936
7,702
6,465
194
3,804
- 14,374
- 12,178
7,702
- 12,513
- 54,979
1,860
2,807
9,620
3,025
488
54
285,044 187,020 271,947
93%
92%
85%
Indon- Vietnam Kenya
esia
9,121
4,919
711
3,558
11,703
491
4,000
583
506
2,048
190
1,298
63
7,500
4,500
900
8,000
761
8,876
6,700
966
900
1,635
2,003
7,222
3,200
951
4,000
- 18,000
758 21,000
39
77
1,933 13,000
1,114
4,000
65,463 124,200
93%
83%
Source : International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
7 - CM17140
400
4,000
1,300
3,600
23,200
Argentina
59,312 2,053
758 2,924
23
1,885 2,346
4,905 1,431
33,185
941
1,888
317
2,793 48,055
- 12,451
2,061
23,844
4,985
1,858
90,394
340
2,109
88,830
41,808
802
13,798
3,904
24,884
1,123
290
3,053 1,213
407,400 73,163
95%
95%
Table No. 1.33
WORLD TEA EXPORTS QUANTITY AND VALUE
2010
Country
Quantity Value
MT
US$
mn
2011
Unit Quantity
Price
MT
US$/
kg
Value
US$
mn
2012
Unit Quantity
Price
MT
US$/kg
Value
US$
mn
Unit
Price
US$/
kg
Producers
India
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
China
218,660
639
2.92
213,174
685
3.21
202,400
913
2
2.30
1,454
3
1.98
1,507
296,383 1,300
4.38
301,271 1,358
4.51
87,101
179
2.05
75,450
167
2.21
302,525
784
2.59
322,581
888
2.75
687 3.39
3
1.82
306,040 1,325 4.33
70,071
157 2.24
321,785 1,116 3.47
Taiwan
2,627
18
6.74
2,816
18
6.50
3,145
20
Japan
2,287
50 21.95
2,420
60
24.88
2,408
64 26.76
Turkey
6
6.30
4,000
6
1.48
3,700
6
1.54
4,200
Vietnam
137,970
201
1.45
130,000
200
1.54
150,000
1.52
Kenya
441,021 1,234
2.80
421,272 1,231
2.92
430,205 1,328 3.09
227 1.51
Malawi
48,579
77
1.58
44,893
69
1.54
41,834
64
1.54
Rwanda
21,350
56
2.61
22,958
62
2.70
23,000
64
2.78
Tanzania
26,133
48
1.83
27,114
47
1.74
27,777
56
2.02
Uganda
53,178
96
1.80
46,150
92
2.00
52,272
98
1.87
Argentina
85,346
93
1.09
86,197
104
1.21
76,840
Brazil
2,544
9
3.38
1,965
9
4.37
1,643
7
4.20
Papua New
5,800
7
1.21
5,100
7
1.41
5,000
8
1.56
47,283
54
1.14
48,235
57
1.18
50,525
61
1.20
104 1.35
Guinea
Other
Countries
Total
1,783,700 4,894
1,756,750 5,063
1,770,652 5,395
42.40
39.40
38.20
Exported % of
Global Crop
Non Producers
United
30,653
327 10.68
26,434
262
9.90
21,288
196 9.20
3,150
50
15.75
3,105
52 16.64
28,337
225
7.93
26,149
217 8.30
Kingdom
France
Germany
Source:
3,974
25,935
51 12.89
194
7.49
International Tea Committee(ITC) Bulletin
Websites of the Tea Producing Countries
64
World Tea Export Earnings
(Reference to Table No. 1.32 & 1.33 )
In 2012, global tea export stood at 38% of global crop (production) and
compared to previous year this was a 1% decline. Quantity of export increased
declined marginally while export earnings increased by $ 332 mn due to
increasing FOB unit price in 2012 than of 2011. Major 7 tea producers (India,
Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Kenya & Argentina) were the significant
exporters as well sharing 88% of global export which is similar to the share
prevailed in 2011. Except for Kenya & Vietnam no significant increase was
recorded in 2012 by major exporters while export of india and Agentina in a
declining trend. Due to heavy local consumption of tea produced by China
& India export share was around 18% of production. In contrast, Sri Lanka
and Argentina export accounted more than 90% of their production while
this share for Indonesia and Vietnam was 51% & 79 % respectively. Turkey
and Japan as other two main tea producers export only insignificant quantity
as local tea consumption out of owns production is heavy. Kenya exports
more than its production as adding with some other teas.
As presented in table 1.32 seven major exporters dominate in certain
regions/ countries in terms of export quantity. Russia & CIS region, the
largest tea consumer is the top destination of Sri Lankan tea exports. UK
market is one of the highest destinations of Kenyan exports. Middle East
region (UAE, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey) is also a market for Sri Lankan exports,
however, Kenya & India are entering gradually. USA tea consumption is
provided mainly by Argentina while India & China also remain as substantial
suppliers. Main tea supplier to Pakistan, Egypt & Afghanistan is Kenya at
present. Significant export destinations of China are North Africa (Morocco,
Algeria), Japan & Russia/CIS. Taiwan & Russia are the main destinations of
Vietnam exports.
In 2012, Sri Lanka shares 17% of global tea exports with the highest
export earning ($1.33 bn) and the highest unit price at $4.33 per kg. The same
amount of tea export earning ($1.33 bn) was realized by Kenya with export
share of 24% including teas from some other producers in Africa. Share of
Indian tea exports declined marginally from 12% in 2011 to 11% in 2012.
China earned $ 1,116 million with a global export share of 18% and attractive
FOB unit price of $ 3.47 per kg. Indonesia, Vietnam & Argentina together
share the 17% of global exports and $ 488 mn (9%) of total export earning in
2012.
Non tea producers (UK, France & Germany) re exported some imported
teas with the higher unit price worth of $ 465 million in 2012. However, the
highest unit price ($ 24.8 per kg) of tea export was reported for Japan in 2012.
Share of global exports held by black tea (Orthodox & CTC) and Green tea
were 80% & 20% respectively as main green tea producer, China consumed
major portion locally.
65
Table No. 1.34
WORLD TEA CONSUMPTION IN SELECTED THIRTY COUNTRIES
Country
Tea Producers
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Iran
Taiwan
Kenya
Tea Consumers
UK
France
Germany
Poland
Russia & CIS
Canada
USA
Chile
Afganistan
Iraq
Kuwait
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
South Africa
Australia
Hong Kong
New Zealand
Tea Imports for Consumption (MT)
Apparent
Consumption
2010-2012 Average
2010
2011
2012
11,500
20,040
10,870
43,274
8,700
55,000
31,041
13,735
12,200
21,170
19,812
41,972
8,900
66,500
29,267
7,793
11,000
20,620
24,397
37,735
9,000
67,200
29,918
8,940
1,279
872
75
122
28
152
63
44
20
0.95
0.73
0.32
0.96
1.33
2.04
0.97
1.64
0.49
119,178
15,311
24,912
29,395
266,437
15,880
126,836
21,362
57,700
41,400
10,500
120,345
14,800
27,300
93,500
12,300
56,300
19,800
12,500
9,395
4,400
128,066
14,924
25,937
33,978
274,497
17,470
127,469
21,945
46,600
40,750
8,500
126,170
16,400
28,000
84,000
8,900
58,500
19,500
11,800
9,416
4,440
123,287
14,730
29,836
29,483
279,029
16,422
125,653
21,060
43,500
38,900
7,050
131,250
14,600
24,200
97,400
19,600
53,700
17,000
11,400
9,649
4,200
124
15
27
31
275
17
127
21
49
40
9
126
15
27
92
14
56
19
12
9
4
1.97
0.24
0.33
0.80
0.99
0.48
0.41
1.24
1.97
1.21
3.25
0.74
0.54
1.25
1.14
2.39
1.74
0.37
0.53
1.34
0.99
Source : International Tea Committee (ITC) Bulletin
66
Total
Kg per
(1000 MT) Head
World Tea Consumption in Selected Countries
(Reference to Table No. 1.34)
During the period from 2010 to 2012 the two main tea producers; China and
India reported an average local consumption of 81% and 78% of their local
production respectively. The import quantity of these two countries on other
origin teas for consumption was not significant. Apparent annual
consumption of two countries are in moderate level, i.e. 0.95 & 0.73 kg per
head per year. While Sri Lanka is not importing other origin teas for local
consumption at all, Kenya imported a negligible volume. Despite being
moderate tea producers; Iran, Taiwan and Japan import large quantities as
their average production were 27%, 34% and 70% of total consumption need
respectively. Among tea producing countries Indonesia reported the lowest
level of tea consumption per head while Turkey is the highest in the scale
consuming its total production along with some imported volume. In respect
of Taiwan, Sri Lanka and Japan tea consumption per head is also in the
higher side of the scale.
As defined in FAO World Tea Model there is a simple equation consisting
of 5 parameters for a particular country on tea industry activities. They are
Production, Export, Import, Stock and Consumption of tea in unit of quantity.
The formula is Production plus Imports minus Exports adjusting to Stock
should equal to the Consumption or vise versa by changing any parameters.
As the formula is applied for tea producer countries, it almost tallies for
India, Sri Lanka & other countries except China, Iran and Kenya. In these
three countries due to issues on tea statistics, heavily depending on imported
tea for re export and difficulties in stock verification, some adjustments need
to be incorporated to activate formula properly.
Merely tea consumer countries are concerned, apparent annual average
tea consumption is more than 100,000 mt for UK, Russia/CIS, USA & Pakistan
where Russia/US at the top. However, tea consumption per head was high in
the scale (more than 2.0 kg per head/yr) only in 3 countries i.e. Turkey,
Kuwait & Libiya. The highest consumption per head (3.25kg) was recorded
in Kuwait while the lowest (0.24 kg) is highlighted in France among tea
consuming nations.
67
68
RUBBER SECTOR
69
70
Map 2
71
72
73
116.1
89
1,171
1,257
1,032
148.07
141.17
77.37
31.63
72.7
4,724
39,836
44,560
443
'000 Ha
,,
Kg/ha
Ha
Ha
Rs/kg
,,
,,
Mn kg
,,
Rs Mn
Rs Mn
Rs Mn
Rs Mn
US$ Mn
Note : In some sources 10.2 & 10.3 treated as end products
Source : Rubber Development Department
: Sri Lanka Customs
104.4
Mn Kg
1. Production
2. Area
2.1 Under cultivation
2.2 Under tapping
3. Yield
4. Replanting
5. New Planting
6. Prices
6.1 Exports f.o.b.
6.2 Colombo Auction RSS 1
7. Cost of Production(COP)
8. Exports
9. Domestic consumption
10. Export earnings
10.1 Raw Rubber
10.2 Semi Processed Rubber
(Reclaimed, Compounded etc.)
10.3 End Products
Total Export Earnings
2005
Unit
Item
46,864
56,538
544
9,674
201.57
202.34
97.20
46.3
63.1
119.5
96.8
1,128
4,353
1,900
109.2
2006
53,605
65,671
594
12,066
234.65
233.69
112.69
51.42
73.9
119.5
93.2
1,246
5,192
2,034
117.6
2007
58,785
72,320
668
13,535
278.39
267.90
114.00
48.62
80.1
122.2
93.5
1,382
6,105
3,189
129.2
2008
KEY INDICATORS: RUBBER
44,300
55,627
484
11,327
202.30
202.79
118.56
55.99
84.9
124.3
95.3
1,437
6,361
1,824
136.9
2009
22,811
535.41
513.05
129.56
42.61
111.7
128.1
101.7
1,555
3,050
3,016
158.2
2011
15,726
420.77
416.61
136.00
37.38
110.3
130.8
104.2
1,459
3,243
3,382
152.1
2012
2,664
5,535
63,968 95,169 103,921
83,224 120,644 125,182
736
1,091
981
19,256
338.23
402.71
119.80
51.50
107.2
125.6
96.7
1,582
5,942
2,888
153.0
2010
Table No 2.1
Key Indicators of Rubber
(Reference to Table 2.1)
In terms of the data source on rubber production by Rubber Development
Department (RDD) the continuous growth rate of production prevailed as
averaged 7% for a year between 2005 and 2011 has declined in 2012 by 3.8%
or 6.1 mn kg. This was due to reasons such as the growth of replanting area,
price fluctuations in the global market and bad weather conditions etc. The
annual production level based on more realistic estimate could be between
110,000 and 115,000 mt per year. Based on census of rubber lands-2010 conducted by RDD and its subsequent annual updating the area under rubber
cultivation and matured area further expanded by 2,660 ha and 2,500 ha respectively in 2012 over the status in 2011.
In 2012, the total extent of replanted and new planted were 3,243 ha and
3,382 ha respectively. These extents showed substantial improvements over
the previous year. The acceptable replanting rate of 3% has been maintained.
The enhanced value under the government subsidy schemes for replanting
and new planting caused to this trend in addition to encouragement on
smallholders & RPCs created by attractive rubber prices realized during past
3 years in supply chain.
In 2012, Colombo auction price and FOB export price declined by around
Rs.100 per Kg compared to previous year of which peaked both prices fetched
in the decade. As in usual trend cost of production of sheet rubber in
smallholding sector was increased by Rs. 6.44 per Kg in 2012 compared to
previous year. Around 110 mn kg appearing as domestic consumption out of
locally produced rubber in rubber product manufacturing sector in 2012 and
this was 73% of total rubber production in the country reflecting much high
volume of value addition.
The quantity of raw rubber export in 2012 was declined by 12% to 37,377
mt from 42,605 mt which was in previous year. The corresponding export
earnings also declined by Rs.7,085 mn as declining of FOB price and volume.
In addition Rs.5,535 mn earned by semi processed rubber exports which is
twofold of previous year earning in 2012. The quantity of this category accounted 15,356 mt of which majority was compound rubber. In 2012, export
earnings from rubber finished products reached at Rs.104 billion recording
9% growth over previous year. Thus, total export earning of rubber reached
at Rs. 125 bn in 2012. However, due to depreciation of rupee value, foreign
exchange earning confined to US$ 981 million lesser the US$ 1,091 mn compared to total earning of US$ 1091 mn in 2011.
74
RUBBER AREA
Overview -2012
¾
Extent in Hectares
Smallholdings
Estate
Total
2005
68,109(59%)
47,941 (41%)
116,050
2012
81,863(63%)
48,917 (37%)
130,780
Mature
71,272
32,928
104,200 (80%)
Immature
10,591
15,989
26,580 (20%)
¾
Holdings of Rubber
No. of small holdings
Average holding size
No. of Estates (2012)
Size of holding
¾
-
Mature 97,074; Immature 30,018
< 1 Acre – 50,078 (39%)
1 - < 2 Acres – 51,980 (41%)
135 in RPCs & 9 in State
Mostly 20 ha & above
Rubber Extent by Clone (ha) - 2010
%
Smallholding
Estate
PB 86
35
34,220
9,329
RRIC 100
26
20,421
12,782
RRIC 121
23
17,083
11,865
RRIC 102
3
3,275
514
Other
13
4,397
11,759
79,396
46,250
Total
¾
Rubber Growing Districts
Non-traditional
-
18 of which 6 non traditional
-
Killinochchi, Ampara, Monaragala,
Hambantota, Mulativu & Vaunia
Kegalle(37,165), Ratnapura(26,604),
Kalutara(28,765)
Extent of top 3 Districts (74%)in ha -
¾
Replanting Extent & Rate (2012) : 3,243 ha; 3.1% (National)
Smallholders
Estates
Extent
1,117 ha
2,126 ha
75
Rate
1.6%
6.5%
Table No. 2.2
RUBBER AREA BY OWNERSHIP - 2000-2012
Ha
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Estate
Sector
Small Holder
Sector
Total
56,832
56,105
55,498
52,044
50,100
47,941
50,360
49,867
50,360
48,968
46,250
48,516
49,435
100,199
100,995
59,183
62,752
65,219
68,109
69,140
69,676
71,736
75,332
79,395
79,604
81,345
157,031
157,100
114,681
114,796
115,319
116,050
119,500
119,543
122,200
124,300
125,645
128,120
130,780
Source: Rubber Development Department
Table 2.2
According to the Agriculture Census-2002 of DCS, it was revealed that the
extent stood at 115,000 ha approximately in 2002 Smallholder sector ownership
of rubber extent reported about 59,000 ha in 2002. The extent reported in 2002
may be the definition applied for DCS Agriculture Census of which smallholder
was considered below 8 ha (20 acres) of land and Estate sector was above 8
ha of land in ownership. Since 2002 to 2012 Smallholder land ownership
indicated a significant improvement with annual average growth of 2,300 ha
extent of new planting. The census of rubber lands conducted by Rubber
Development Department (RDD) in 2010 confirmed that 79,395 ha belonging
to the ownership of smallholders. This extent updated by RDD for 2011 &
2012 has shown an improvement of 79,604 ha and 81,863 ha respectively.
Since 2005 to 2012, the fluctuations of the extent of Estate sector (RPCs
and state agencies) shows a marginal increase. Since the lowest extent
reported in the total rubber extent in 2002, it has improved up to 130,780 ha in
2012 with annual average growth of 1,600 ha , due to significant contribution
of the Smallholding sector.
76
Table No. 2.3
RUBBER HOLDINGS & EXTENT BY DISTRICT 2002
DCS AGRICULTURE CENSUS
Size Class of <20 Size Class of >=20
Hectare
Hectare
District
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalla
Tolal
No. of
Holdings
Extent
(Ha)
5,048
4,039
24,849
1,648
306
37
3,422
2,473
114
896
76
902
14,967
24,309
83,086
3,580
2,867
15,280
1,137
469
33
2,501
2,254
71
967
144
592
11,797
16,959
58,651
Total
No. of Extent No. of Extent
Holdings (Ha) Holdings (Ha)
18
5
98
2
20
0
35
24
0
17
7
7
72
106
411
Source: Department of Census & Statistics.
77
3,482
211
14,572
93
1,403
0
4,175
1,477
0
1,888
288
1,273
10,350
18,614
57,826
5,066
7,062
4,044
3,078
24,947 29,852
1,650
1,230
326
1,872
37
33
3,457
6,676
2,497
3,731
114
71
913
2,855
83
432
909
1,865
15,039 22,147
24,415 35,574
83,497 116,478
Table No. 2.4
RUBBER HOLDINGS & EXTENT BY DISTRICT 2010
RDD CENSUS OF RUBBER LANDS
Size Class of <20
Hectare
District
No. of
Holdings
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalla
Tolal
6,774
5,916
33,556
2,699
489
4
4,190
3,301
276
1838
234
368
7802
21,028
38,473
126,948
Extent
(Ha)
Size Class of >=20
Hectare
No. of
Extent
Holdings (Ha)
4,159
3,548
17,804
1,548
542
6
2,815
2,719
155
1512
193
352
4402
14,048
21,316
75,119
20
6
153
6
14
0
83
38
0
25
0
28
8
138
193
712
Source: Rubber Development Department
78
Total
No. of Extent
Holdings (Ha)
2,161
6,794
6,320
287
5,922
3,835
10,961 33,709 28,765
306
2,705
1,854
769
503
1,311
0
4
6
3,167
4,273
5,982
1,286
3,339
4,005
0
276
155
1,506
1863
3,018
0
234
193
1,274
396
1626
403
7810
4,805
12,557 21,166 26,605
15,849 38,666 37,165
50,526 127,660 125,645
Distribution of Rubber Lands by District under
2002 & 2010 Censuse
(Reference to table 2.3 & 2.4)
In Agriculture Census - 2002 the Smallholding was defined as extent below
8 hectares while estate sector as above 8 hectares. In Census of rubber lands
- 2010 Smallholding sector was defined as rubber land owned by the smallholder irrespective of upper limit subject to individual ownership limit under
Land Reform Commission (LRC) Law while estate sector land ownership is
considered as all rubber lands belonging to Regional Plantation Corporations (RPCs) and State Agencies. It is difficult to disaggregate the real increase between Smallholding and Estate sector in said two Censuses due to
different definitions applied.
Therefore in order to make much realistic comparison two benchmarks
were applied distinguishing the size class of extent less than 20 hectares (<
20) and extent greater than or equal 20 hectares (>= 20) for tables 2.3 and 2.4
to show number of holdings and corresponding extent in hectares by district. However, in the size class of extent greater than or equal 20 hectares,
there are smallholder sector owned combining parcels of land of family union
under the LRC Law while it is very unlike the estate ownership of rubber
lands in the size class of less than 20 hectares category.
Subject to above explanation it is evident from two tables that total number of holdings and extent increased by 53% and 8% respectively between
2002 and 2010 period. Class size of < 20 hectare category, virtually Smallholding
sector, both holding and corresponding extent were increased by 53% and
28% respectively. However, class size >= 20 hectare category by and large
estate sector was increased number of holdings from 411 to 712 while extent
declined from 57,800 ha to 50,500 ha by 13% over the period 2002 and 2010.
Reasons for this decline were the diversification of rubber lands into Oil Palm
and abandoning of rubber plantations in State Agencies (JEDB, SLSPC,
Kurunegala and Elkaduwa Plantations)
The main rubber growing districts (Kalutara, Kegalle, Ratnapura) are concerned, both number of holdings and extent had been increased significantly
in relation to the below 20 ha category (Smallholders) during 2002 & 2010.
Further in the Monaragala district it was reported that the seven fold increase
in relation to the smallholders and extent. Other districts Colombo, Gampaha,
Galle & Matara are shown only marginal increase of rubber growth. Puttalam
is one of the districts introduced rubber cultivation in recent past. Also extent
of Estates and large size smallholders (>= 20 ha category) has declined by
5200 ha for main districts (Kalutara, Kegalle, Ratnapura & Galle) due to crop
diversification & other reasons in this period. However, a rubber holding has
increased from 300 to 550 in the districts where the Smallholdings are larger
than 20 hectare.
79
8 - CM17140
Table No. 2.5
RUBBER EXTENT BY SIZE CLASS OF HOLDING -2010
SMALL HOLDING SECTOR
Size Class of
Holding
Less than 1/4 Acre
1/4 - < 1/2 Acre
1/2 - < 3/4 Acre
3/4 - < 1 Acre
1 - < 2 Acre
2 - < 3 Acre
3 - < 5 Acre
5 - < 10 Acre
10 - < 20 Acre
20 - < 50 Acre
50 Acres & Above
Total
Number
&
Holdings
% Share
of
Holding
Extent
(Hectares)
1.1
7.6
18.5
12.2
40.9
11.4
4.6
2.3
0.9
0.4
0.1
100.0
78
1,216
4,955
4,920
24,299
12,642
8,336
7,435
5,723
5,514
4,277
79,395
1,414
9,616
23,491
15,557
51,980
14,552
5,864
2,891
1,111
472
144
127,092
% Share
in Extent
0.1
1.5
6.3
6.2
30.6
15.9
10.5
9.4
7.2
6.9
5.4
100.0
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber Lands 2010
Disaggregated data on number of rubber holdings and corresponding
extent under different size classes are depicted in table no. 2.5 while district
wise breakdown is given in table no. 2.6. In the rubber sector related legislations, smallholder is defined as a holder of rubber land up to 10 acres or 4
hectares. Accordingly there are 125,365 smallholdings with a total extent of
63,881 ha or 80% of total extent of smallholdings. However, the balance 20%
is also managed by the Rubber Development treating as Small holdings.
As Land Reform Commission law stipulates the provision that maximum
land ceiling for an individual can hold up to 50 acres and rubber related
institutions adhere this rule to compute smallholder extent and provide facilities and subsidies. Without effect to 50 acre family units of which a cumulative extent of 4,277 ha (5.4%) was revealed in 2010 Census of Rubber Lands.
These lands are also come under the smallholder definition.
The extent of holdings below 1 acre size shows 14.1% of total while 10 to
50 acre category shares the same percentage. As a single category size class
1-2 acre represents maximum percentage i.e. 30.6% while less than ¼ acre
smallholder share of extent is the lowest 0.1% of total.
80
81
3,094
2,242
15,361
1,131
181
0
1,570
794
77
568
5
46
636
7,977
16,396
50,078
Holdings
662
508
3,403
245
32
0
339
187
21
128
2
9
141
1,836
3,657
11,170
Extent
ha
Less than 1 Acre
2,328 1,130
2,326 1,123
13,423 6,257
1,039
486
134
62
1
0
1,688
767
1,580
719
129
60
682
323
98
41
203
82
4,767 2,059
8,396 3,910
15,186 7,280
51,980 24,299
Holdings Extent
ha
1<=2 Acre
1,027
1,156
3,840
427
101
2
671
682
66
457
116
88
2,342
3,531
5,910
20,416
1,113
1,231
3,955
446
109
2
716
763
65
477
121
76
2,017
3,735
6,152
20,978
Holdings Extent
ha
2<=5 Acre
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber lands 2010
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalla
Total
District
220
140
572
69
38
1
174
154
4
78
15
13
43
734
636
2,891
Holdings
554
362
1,471
175
103
4
442
395
9
202
30
34
104
1,898
1,653
7,436
Extent
ha
5<=10 Acre
Above 50 Acre
Total
105
52
360
33
35
0
87
91
0
53
0
18
14
390
345
1,583
700
324
2,718
196
236
0
551
655
0
382
0
151
81
2,669
2,574
11,237
6
2
42
0
9
0
5
7
0
9
0
8
0
24
32
144
150
6,780
55
5,918
1,254 33,598
0
2,699
323
498
0
4
180
4,195
174
3,308
0
276
290
1,847
0
234
310
376
0
7,802
687 21,052
853 38,505
4,276 127,092
4,309
3,603
19,058
1,548
865
6
2,995
2,893
155
1,802
193
662
4,402
14,735
22,169
79,395
Holdings Extent Holdings Extent Holdings Extent
ha
ha
ha
10<=50 Acre
RUBBER LAND BY SIZE CLASS OF HOLDING & BY DISTRICT SMALLHOLDING SECTOR - 2010
Table No. 2.6
82
636
625
3,005
222
96
6
349
321
88
425
183
258
3,713
2,585
4,217
16,729
District
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalle
Total
15
17
16
14
11
12
11
57
24
95
39
84
18
19
21
%
1,089
1,167
5,789
494
40
4
521
465
153
508
227
286
6,627
4,383
8,265
30,018
No. of
Holdings
Mature Rubber Land
376
232
1,147
101
49
0
74
209
23
92
6
11
279
1,124
1,711
5,434
796
573
3,419
202
63
0
337
400
11
276
4
13
227
3,008
3,510
12,839
1,095
1,047
5,177
266
104
0
743
829
13
282
0
11
109
3,115
5,309
18,100
870
689
3,425
309
82
0
782
536
10
210
0
72
35
2,995
3,850
13,865
537
437
2,885
448
471
0
710
598
9
518
0
297
39
1,908
3,572
12,429
7<=13 13<=19 19<=25 25<=31 Over 31
years
years
years
years
years
Hectare Hectare Hectare Hectare Hectare
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber lands 2010
0<=7
years
Hectare
Immature Rubber Land
3,674
2,978
16,053
1,326
769
0
2,646
2,572
66
1,378
10
404
689
12,150
17,952
62,667
Totoal
mature
extent
(Ha)
85
83
84
86
89
88
89
43
76
5
61
16
82
81
79
%
5,691
4,751
27,809
2,205
458
0
3,674
2,843
123
1,339
7
90
1,175
16,669
30,240
97,074
No. of
Holdings
IMMATURE & MATURE RUBBER AREA BY AGE GROUP & DISTRICT - 2010
SMALLHOLDING SECTOR
6,780
5,918
33,598
2,699
498
4
4,195
3,308
276
1,847
234
376
7,802
21,052
38,505
127,092
No. of
Holdings
Total
4,310
3,603
19,058
1,548
865
6
2,995
2,893
154
1,803
193
662
4,402
14,735
22,169
79,396
Extent
(Ha)
Table No. 2.7
83
417
67
2,013
103
170
0
533
193
0
348
0
517
41
3,495
3,058
10,955
Colombo
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
Nuwaraeliya
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Badulla
Monaragala
Ratnapura
Kegalle
Total
21
29
21
34
38
18
17
29
54
10
29
20
24
%
7
2
76
6
2
0
34
15
0
11
0
17
8
61
89
328
No. of
Holdings
Mature Rubber Land
379
14
1,036
33
0
0
442
144
0
115
0
67
134
1,332
2,100
5,796
504
67
1,997
71
0
0
475
273
0
178
0
123
227
2,124
2,172
8,211
539
10
2,822
46
19
0
1,050
220
0
361
0
145
0
3,202
4,144
12,558
153
69
1,702
53
0
0
433
222
0
214
0
56
0
1,546
3,128
7,576
18
6
137
0
257
0
55
60
0
0
0
56
0
170
394
1,153
7<=13 13<=19 19<=25 25<=31 Over 31
years
years
years
years
years
Hectare Hectare Hectare Hectare Hectare
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber lands 2010
0<=7
years
Hectare
District
Immature Rubber Land
1,593
166
7,694
203
276
0
2,455
919
0
868
0
447
361
8,374
11,938
35,294
Totoal
mature
extent
(Ha)
79
71
79
66
62
82
83
71
46
90
71
80
76
%
39
9
301
14
7
0
155
73
0
44
0
13
8
275
460
1,398
No. of
Holdings
IMMATURE & MATURE RUBBER AREA BY AGE GROUP & DISTRICT - 2010
ESTATE SECTOR (RPCS & STATE)
2,010
233
9,707
306
446
0
2,988
1,112
0
1,216
0
965
402
11,869
14,996
46,250
Extent
(Ha)
46
11
377
20
9
0
189
88
0
55
0
30
16
336
549
1,726
No. of
Holdings
Total
Table No. 2.8
Immature and Mature Rubber Extent by District
(Reference to Table No. 2.7 & 2.8)
As reveal in Census of Rubber Lands - 2010 the table 2.7 highlighted that
immature rubber extent of smallholding sector was 21% while remaining 79%
as mature portion of the total extent of 79,395 ha. However, as highlighted in
table 2.8 Estate sector immature & mature share were 24% and 76%
respectively under the same parameter used for the computation such as
immature period of 7 years.
Smallholding sector is concerned, traditional rubber growing districts share
around 10% - 20% of immature extent while in non-traditional districts
(Monaragala, Puttalam) this rate was over 85% indicating new planting of
rubber has expanded rapidly in the recent past. On the other hand Hambantota
and Badulla districts highlight the share of mature extent 43% & 61%
respectively being the rubber lands grown over the decades but with
considerable portion of immature areas as well.
In the smallholding sector, three age group categories between 13 and 31
years comprise the maximum extent of mature areas, ie. 44,800 ha (71%) of
total mature lands. Economic life of this extent is considered, the current level
of production will be assured for next few years. The very young mature
category (7 - 13 yrs) extent is around 9% of total mature extent. The extent of
12,429 ha or 20% of total mature area which is over 31 years of age requires
immediate replanting with high yielding clones to ensure continuous rubber
supply with increasing production in future.
In the Estate sector (comprising RPCs & State Plantations) three age
categories between 13 and 31 years consist of 28,350 ha or 80% of total
mature extent. This is the strength of economical rubber supply in estate
sector. Young mature category (7 -13 years) remains 16% while extremely old
mature category (over 31 years) which need immediate replanting in high
yielding clones consisting 1,153 ha or 3% of total mature lands.
In estate sector traditional rubber growing districts (Ratnapura, Kegalle,
Gampaha, Kalutara) highlight 20% - 30% of immature extent and more than 2/
3 of mature lands. Immature portion of Galle and Matara districts were
comparatively low while in Monaragala this share is always 10% in contrast
to the smallholding sector. In Badulla district where estate rubber plantation
is more prominent, immature share is very high (54%) as recent trend of crop
diversification in favour of rubber. This mature and immature composition of
rubber lands came out at 2010 Census should be updated with RDD finalized
figures for end of current year 2012.
84
Table No. 2.9
CLONAL COMPOSITION OF SMALL HOLDING SECTOR
RUBBER EXTENT - 2010
Mature Area
Immature Area
Clone
Extent
No. of
No. of
Extent
Hold- (Hectings
are)
trees
‘000
Holdings
(Hectare)
No. of % Share
trees
of
‘000 extent
by clone
50,729
30,350
3,254
5,223
67
6
7,448
97,077
12,539
7,817
877
1,624
44
2
1,374
24,277
1,249
2,283
2,414
22,993
375
77
627
30,018
725
1,126
1,223
13,213
225
42
176
16,730
323
519
561
6,028
103
19
79
7,632
No. of
PB 86
RRIC 100
RRIC 102
RRIC 121
RRISL 203
RRISL 2000 Series
Clonal Rubber
Total
33,495
19,295
2,052
3,870
97
4
3,851
62,664
Source : Rubber Development Department ; Census of Rubber lands 2010
85
43.1
25.7
4.1
21.5
0.4
0.1
5.1
100.0
86
13,863
1,173
123
Kalutara
Kandy
Matale
6,736
20,421
5,071
4,826
272
6
5
362
35
786
865
0
113
286
5,702
999
1,093
5,668
2,400
762
728
36
1
89
2
117
98
0
6
94
713
381
241
3,275
1,320
499
373
15
1
44
1
98
63
0
2
41
463
222
133
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber Lands 2010
8,823
51,978 34,220 32,633
5,406
466
16
4
403
63
1,003
958
0
84
514
Total
7,124
298
350
0
640
27
1,598
1,515
0
271
720
18,365 10,929
Ratnapura
1,677
1,656
8,442 10,230
1,749
2,275
Kegalla
517
Monaragala
0
74
Badulla
507
Kurunegala
Puttalam
42
1,618
Matara
Hambantota
2,271
Galle
0
2,673
Nuwaraeliya
3,628
Gampaha
RRIC 102
RRIC 121
RRISL 203
RRISL 2000
Clonal
Total
4,057
3,340
3,456
291
187
438
91
317
304
4
58
223
3,060
533
724
28,216 17,083
7,266
4,894
6,086
250
229
470
167
381
442
3
29
467
5,493
961
1,078
442
251
45
2
0
0
10
0
5
6
1
1
18
62
24
17
322
122
24
1
0
0
5
0
4
3
2
2
7
127
15
10
83
57
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
3
0
46
35
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
8,072
1,343
1,474
3
0
0
368
2
184
419
0
255
431
3,234
199
160
3,603
4,309
4,402
662
193
1,802
155
2,893
2,995
6
865
1,548
38,505 22,169
21,052 14,735
7,802
376
234
1,847
276
3,308
4,195
4
498
2,699
33,598 19,058
5,918
6,780
4,029 127,092 79,395
635
633
2
0
0
313
1
90
245
0
419
270
1,263
84
74
Extent No. of Extent No. of
Extent No. of Extent No. of Extent No. of Extent No. of
Extent
h a Holdings h a
Holdings h a Holdings h a Holdings h a Holdings h a
Holdings h a
RRIC 100
No. of
Extent
No. of
Holdings
ha
Holdings
Colombo
District
PB 86
DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL HOLDINGS & EXTENT UNDER DIFFERENT CLONES BY DISTRICT - 2010
Table No. 2.10
Table No. 2.11
DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBER EXTENT UNDER DIFFERENT CLONES
BY DISTRICT ESTATE SECTOR - 2010
Hectare
District
PB 86
Extent
RRIC RRIC
100
102
Extent Extent
RRIC RRISL Clonal Other Total
121
203
mix
extent
Extent Extent Extent Extent Hectare
Colombo
496
558
51
644
0
199
63
2,011
Gampaha
68
67
43
54
0
0
0
232
1,715
2,287
69
2,063
47
3,254
272
9,707
Kandy
53
15
25
156
0
30
26
306
Matale
0
25
19
130
15
19
238
446
Nuwaraeliya
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Galle
279
1,526
0
881
2
7
291
2,986
Matara
194
550
7
262
0
20
79
1,112
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
318
122
16
347
58
276
80
1,217
Kalutara
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Puttalam
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Badulla
45
127
4
263
0
464
62
965
121
33
41
0
0
208
0
403
Ratnapura
2,185
3,904
26
3,310
376
1,247
821 11,869
Kegalle
3,855
3,568
213
3,755
149
2,619
837 14,996
Total
9,329 12,782
514
11,865
647
8,343
2,769 46,250
Monaragala
Source : Rubber Development Department : Census of Rubber Lands 2010
87
Clonal Composition by District & Sector
(Reference Table No. 2.9, 2.10 & 2.11)
As presented in table 2.9 and 2.11 three popular clones PB 86, RRIC 100,
and RRIC 121 cover mature and immature extent of 71,724 ha or 90% of total
extent in smallholding sector while in Estate sector the coverage of these
clones is 33,976 ha of total extent or 73% at present. However, immature extent
of PB 86 and RRIC 100 share only 1851 ha or 2% of total extent indicating of
these clones are no longer a trend of further expanding while RRIC 121 is still
attractive as remains 13,213 ha (17% of total) among smallholders. In
Smallholding sector all other clones contribute 10% or 7670 ha of extent. As
disaggregated data presented in table 2.10 main rubber growing districts
Kegalle, Kalutara, Ratnapura are dominated by said three popular clones with
total extent of 50,473 ha (64%) while large scale new planting of RRIC 121 was
attracted by smallholders in Monaragala District.
As highlighted in table 2.11 Census of Rubber Lands - 2010 found that in
Estate sector most popular clone is RRIC 100 with the coverage of 12,782 ha
or 28% of total at present. This followed by RRIC 121 which is extended to
26% of clone composition. Further clonal mix category is also significant at
7,120 ha in extent in said three districts i.e. Kegalle, Kalutara and Ratnapura .
RRIC 102, RRISL 203 and Other clones have not expanded in Estate sector
indicating marginal extent, 8% of total hecterage.
88
Table No. 2.12
RUBBER AREA REPLANTED & NEW PLANTED
Hectare
Replanting
Small
Holding
Sector
New Planting
Year
Estate
Sector
(RPCs &
State)
Total
Estate
Small
Sector Holding
(RPCs & Sector
State)
Total
2000
1,853
770
2,623
34
243
277
2001
4,584
558
5,142
14
150
164
2002
2,066
712
2,778
7
227
234
2003
494
565
1,059
7
451
458
2004
1,264
819
2,083
5
518
523
2005
2,329
1,257
3,586
11
1,032
1,043
2006
2,331
1,122
3,453
297
1,603
1,900
2007
4,199
993
5,192
333
1,701
2,034
2008
5,293
812
6,105
414
2,775*
3,189
2009
5,360
1,002
6,362
74
1,750*
1,824
2010
4,756
1,186
5,942
96
2,792*
2,888
2011
1,927
1,123
3,050
838
2,178*
3,016
2012
2,126
1,117
3,243
1,086
2,296*
3,382
* Note : New planting in small holding sector includes cultivated area, under IFAD
Project
Source : Rubber Development Department
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs)
IFAD SPEnDP Project.
89
Rubber Area Replanted & New Planted
(Reference No. Table 2.12)
National Rubber replanting rate computed (replanted area of particular
year divided by mature extent of the year end) that should be around 3% or
above as acceptable norm which indicates the average growth of the industry. Although replanted extent has shown a high quantity in the recent years,
the average of the decade was around 3000 ha per annum in Smallholding
sector and Estate sectors as well. The annual replanting extent is much higher
due to encouragement under the Government Subsidy Scheme and new investments of the RPCs. The smallholders who received government subsidy
through the RDD eligible to replant around 900 ha on annual basis. It is
estimated that apart from the government subsidy schemes, there was another 200 ha replanted by the Smallholders from their own funds.
Although rubber new planting extent in Estate sector was very low in the
decade, in 2012 it has reported that they planted 1086 ha. Since 2005 new
planting in Smallholding sector was increased at annual average extent of
2000 ha under the government subsidy scheme. New planting extent in
Monaragala District was substantially expanded under IFAD Credit program
from 2008 to 2012. The new planting under IFAD project accounted 4,827 ha.
Also in view of the expansion of rubber cultivation in non-traditional areas it
is reported that 150 ha had been cultivated in the district of Ampara.
90
Table No. 2.13
PLANTS ISSUANCE AND TARGET OF RDD NURSERIES
RDD Nurseries
District
Nursery
Target
2012
Production
2012
Plant
Issuance
2012
Target
2013
Gampaha
Welikadamulla
Mirigama
450,000
350,000
417,287
295,154
379,608
168,361
450,000
350,000
Kalutara
Egaloya
Gurugoda
325,000
350,000
306,705
310,460
262,408
238,150
350,000
400,000
Ratnapura
Karapincha
175,000
102,109
90,611
200,000
Monaragala
Kumbukkana
450,000
395,673
124,626
450,000
Hambantota
Middeniya
100,000
128,212
97,836 1,500,000
2,200,000 1,955,000
1,361,600 3,700,000
Total
Source: Rubber Development Department
91
Table No. 2.14
ISSUANCE OF PLANTS FROM RUBBER NURSERIES
No. of Plants Issued
Year
RDD
Nurseries
Private
Nurseries
Total
2002
629,829
41,500
671,329
2003
723,409
10,900
734,309
2004
83,975
79,000
162,975
2005
1,359,685
258,000
1,617,685
2006
1,557,735
169,520
1,727,255
2007
1,574,249
500,719
2,074,968
2008
1,476,651
803,026
2,279,677
2009
1,264,556
622,253
1,886,809
2010
1,597,937
834,314
2,432,251
2011
1,316,974
1,049,244
2,366,218
2012
1,361,600
1,869,415
3,231,015
Source: Rubber Development Department
92
Plants Issuance of RDD Nurseries and Private Nurseries
(Reference to Table No. 2.13 & 2.14)
During the 10 year period from 2002 - 2012, rubber nursery plants issued
by Rubber Development Department (RDD) from its seven nurseries have
been increased up to 1.4 mn in 2012 with certain annual fluctuations. The
highest output is recorded in 2010. The private sector contribution on rubber
nurseries is also shown higher growth. They equally contributed to the national growth along with the RDD. The plant production target of RDD nurseries for 2012 was same as previous year (2.2 mn ) but achievement recorded
only 62%.
In 2012, the total requirement of planting material for entire extent (3400 ha
replanting and new planting in Smallholding sector) was 1.9 mn plants at the
rate of 550 plants per hectare. However, quality plants which were distributed
from Rubber Development Department nurseries were limited to 1.36 mn in
2012, which creates a vacuum of 540,000 plants. This gap was bridged by
private nurseries and small portions from Estate sector (RPCs) rubber nurseries. In 2012 planting material total requirement was 2.4 mn (for 4400 ha of
replanting and new planting) had been fulfilled. RPCs managed their own
nurseries to meet the planting material requirements to a great extent. Plant
production of private sector nurseries are part of the intake for the Smallholding
sector.
All the nurseries are inspected by the extension officers attached to the
Rubber Research Institute (RRI) especially for the quality assurance of the
plants. The RDD is running 7 large scale nurseries in the island while private
sector and the Regional Plantation Companies maintain about 200 and 90
nurseries respectively.
93
Table No. 2.15
FIELD DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR RUBBER
SMALL HOLDING SECTOR
Rs. Mn.
Smallholdings
Year
Replanting
New Planting
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
63.3
51.1
38.2
42.1
33.9
77.7
89.8
97.4
92.9
77.9
121.5
176.3
162.0
26.5
17.7
15.8
18.8
15.8
31.1
71.1
32.3
102.0
55.6
128.5
211.7
125.4
Source: Rubber Development Department
94
RUBBER SUPPLY
(Production)
Overview - 2012
¾ Production in Metric Tons (Mt)
Sheet
Crepes
TSR
Centrifuged
Total
& Other
2005
50,170
18,536
5,880
29,766
104,352
2011
59,242
39,732
8,672
44,403
152,050
¾ Sectorwise
Smallholdings
Estates (RPCs & State)
2005
69,200 (66%)
35,100 (34%)
2012
122,360 (81%)
29,690 (20%)
¾ Supply, Export and Consumption (Mt)
Supply
Export
Consumption
2005
104,400
31,700
72,700
2012
152,050
37,377
110,038
¾ 2012 Monthly Production (Mt) – 12,671 (Average)
Highest Supply
Lowest Supply
-
16,272 in March
10,651 in December
¾ Supply by Management (Mt)
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) State (JEDB, RRI, Elkaduwa etc.)
Smallholders/dealers
-
28,834 (19.0%)
856 (0.6%)
122,360 (80.4%)
¾ Yield (kg/ha) 2012 = Production/Tapped Area = 1,459 (National)
Smallholdings
- 1,717
Estates (RPCs & State)
¾ In 2012 Cost of Production (Rs/kg)
Smallholding Sector – 136.00
Estate Sector – 223.70
95
9 - CM17140
- 902
Table No. 2.16
RUBBER PRODUCTION, EXPORTS AND CONSUMPTION 1990 - 2012
Mn. kg
Year
Production
mn kg
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
87.6
86.2
90.5
92.0
94.7
104.4
109.2
117.6
129.2
136.9
153.0
158.2
152.1
Exports
mn kg
%
32.5
32.0
36.1
35.2
40.3
31.6
46.3
51.4
48.6
56.0
51.5
42.6
37.4
37
37
40
38
43
30
42
44
38
41
34
27
25
Domestic Consumption
Dry Rubber
mn kg
%
40.2
35.2
35.5
39.4
29.3
41.8
36.4
42.4
46.1
48.0
60.6
62.4
60.4
73
65
65
69
54
57
58
57
58
57
57
56
55
Latex
mn kg
%
14.9
18.8
18.9
17.4
25.1
30.9
26.7
31.5
34.0
36.9
46.6
49.3
49.6
Total
mn kg
27
35
35
31
46
43
42
43
42
43
43
44
45
55.1
54.0
54.4
56.8
54.4
72.7
63.1
73.9
80.1
84.9
107.2
111.7
110.0
Source : Rubber Development Department
MONTHLY BREAK DOWN - 2012
Mn kg
Month
Production
Export
Domestic Consumption
Dry Rubber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
13.52
13.28
16.27
13.80
12.31
13.35
13.16
12.17
11.27
11.22
11.05
10.65
152.05
4.05
4.94
5.99
3.52
2.34
1.73
1.39
1.78
2.99
2.64
2.47
3.53
37.38
4.24
5.48
7.03
4.80
4.75
5.26
5.56
5.63
4.49
4.44
4.63
4.09
60.41
Source : Rubber Development Department
96
Latex
3.87
4.15
5.58
3.40
3.31
5.15
4.46
4.10
3.75
4.10
4.11
3.66
49.62
Total
8.11
9.63
12.60
8.20
8.06
10.41
10.02
9.73
8.24
8.55
8.74
7.75
110.04
97
Source : Rubber Development Department
Chart 5
98
Rubber Production, Exports & Consumption
(Reference to table 2.16)
Since 2001 with 6.5% average annual growth the production increased
throughout the decade showing a record level in 2011 at 158 mn kg, with only
a marginal increase in tapping (mature) area. Such a continuous increase of
rubber supply was realized as a result of yield increase due to adopting good
agricultural practices, attractive prices that prevailed in the past & favourable
weather conditions. In 2012 the production declined by 3.9% due to bad
weather conditions prevailed throughout the year. Disaggregated data on
2012 monthly production reveals that during the month May and August to
December the production declined in comparison to the rest of the year.
Rubber demand is created through raw rubber export market and domestic
consumption for local manufacturing industry. In the decade, export of raw
rubber grew with a 2.5% annual average growth. The exports peaked in 2009
recording 56 mn kg or 41% of the production long after 75% exports prevailed
in early 1990s. In 2012 volume of export decreased by 5.2 mn kg compared to
2011 and ratio adjusted to 25% of production. Within three consecutive years
since 2009, raw rubber exports declined by 18.6 mn kg or 33%. The average
ratio of export that prevailed for the decade is 35% of production. Rubber
prices in global markets and government policy favourable for rubber product
manufacturing industry are the factors contributing to adjust the rubber
demand ratio between exports and consumption. Monthly breakdown of
rubber exports in 2012 showed similar trends to that of production and exports
declined in the period from June to August.
Concerning the domestic raw rubber consumption, in this decade, it remains
as 65% - 72%. Dry rubber content, bulk of which goes for tyre sector was 55%
of domestic consumption in 2012. The Latex component used for the highest
level of value addition such as surgical & examination gloves increased from
32% in early 2000s to 45% in the 2012 reacting the growing requirement of
Latex based products. As certain value added products must incorporate
synthetic rubber in the formation to meet required standards, 25 mn kg per
annum has been imported to Sri Lanka in average. Monthly consumption of
rubber (Dry & Latex) in 2012 varied between 7.8 mn kg and 12.6 mn kg.
99
Table No. 2.17
RUBBER PRODUCTION BY DIFFERENT TYPE
MT
Year
Sheet
Sole
Crepe
Scrap
Crepe
Latex
Crepe
TSR
Centrifuged
latex and
other
Total
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
34,003
30,344
42,770
50,015
46,705
50,170
46,260
48,875
55,011
54,550
59,248
60,699
59,242
4,512
3,915
2,987
2,195
2,035
2,739
3,949
4,077
3,937
5,448
6,711
3,384
1,902
1,788
2,743
2,185
3,117
3,708
2,883
1,606
1,693
2,711
3,502
1,842
1,332
1,280
28,110
26,112
20,831
17,131
12,481
12,914
20,224
21,756
21,043
31,670
52,504
59,933
36,550
3,879
3,657
1,231
1,193
2,812
5,880
9,038
9,564
10,968
11,775
8,341
7,981
8,672
15,344
19,461
20,514
18,359
27,000
29,766
28,076
31,586
35,573
29,934
24,341
24,869
44,403
87,636
86,232
90,519
92,010
94,741
104,352
109,153
117,551
129,243
136,880
152,987
158,198
152,050
Source: Rubber Development Department
100
Table
repe
Table No. 2.18
MONTHLY PRODUCTION OF RAW RUBBER BY TYPE - 2012
Mt
Year
Sheet
Sole
Crepe
Scrap
Crepe
Latex
Crepe
TSR
Centrifuged
latex and
other
Total
January
5,271
130
108
4,798
784
2,424
13,516
February
5,379
187
126
1,916
797
4,876
13,281
March
6,623
130
143
3,121
976
5,279
16,272
April
5,382
165
124
1,718
856
5,556
13,800
May
4,431
141
111
1,333
739
5,554
12,308
June
5,205
125
100
5,378
694
1,844
13,346
July
4,962
126
105
4,865
717
2,385
13,161
August
4,539
113
93
4,598
655
2,174
12,172
September
4,283
229
96
4,429
514
1,719
11,270
October
4,377
197
90
1,819
617
4,123
11,223
November
4,531
157
98
1,139
685
4,440
11,050
December
4,260
202
85
1,436
639
4,029
10,651
59,242
1,902
1,280
36,550
8,672
44,403
152,050
Total
Source : Rubber Development Department
101
102
103
Source : Rubber Development Department
Chart 6
104
Raw Rubber Production - Different Types
(Reference to table 2.17 & 2.18)
Currently 3 main products: RSS sheet (39%), Latex Crepe (24%), and
Centrifuged Latex (29%) contribute to 92% of total production. Total natural
rubber production was reduced by 6,148 mt in 2012 compared to 2011. RSS
sheet the main production category of small holder sector grew by 25 mn kg
in the period of 2000 to 2012, maintaining average 40% share of total
production. Latex Crepe mainly produced by RPCs and private owned factories
was showing a declining trend up to 2008 and then increased up to 2011 at a
record level and 14.9% over the previous year. In 2012 it was declined by 23
mn kg or 39% which is very unusual. Average annual production of Centrifuged
Latex & other specialized product category has shown a remarkable boost
(79%) by adding 19.5 mn kg compared to 2011 that is also peculiar with
industry practies. This increasing trend was attributed to the demand for
gloves and foam products which are based on centrifuged Latex.
In 2012, the contribution to total production by Sole Crepe, Scrap Crepe
and TSR were 1.3%, 0.8% and 5.7% respectively. These types are mainly
produced by private sector & RPCs. Sole Crepe production has remained at
3.5 mn kg of annual average up to 2008 and a sudden increase was shown in
2009 & 2010. However, in 2012 44% reduction was recorded in Sole Crepe
category. Since 2005, but except in 2009, the Scrap Crepe production has been
decreasing due to increased TSR production using Scrap Crepe as raw material.
Monthly production data in 2012 highlights that RSS sheet supply declined
from August to December compared to rest of months. Centrifuged Latex
production has also declined during June to September and in January. In
respect of other categories no clear pattern of monthly variation shows.
105
Table No. 2.19
RUBBER PRODUCTION BY TYPE OF MANAGEMENT
Mn Kg
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
RPCs
36.1
38.4
34.8
33.6
32.9
34.8
34.5
37.8
33.8
32.5
32.2
30.7
28.8
%
41.2
44.5
38.5
36.5
34.3
33.3
31.6
32.1
26.2
23.7
21.1
19.4
19.0
State (SLSPC,
JEDB,
Elkaduwa PL,
Kurunegala
PL & RRI)
%
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.9
Small
Holdings
51.5
47.8
55.2
58.0
62.5
69.2
74.4
79.5
95.1
104.1
120.4
126.6
122.4
%
Total
58.7
55.5
60.7
63.0
65.3
66.3
68.1
67.6
73.6
76.1
78.7
80.0
80.5
87.6
86.2
90.5
92.0
95.7
104.4
109.2
117.6
129.2
136.9
153.0
158.2
152.1
Source: Rubber Development Department, RPCs and JEDB
Since 2000 RPCs contribution to production had been declined from 40%
to 19% while small holding sector contribution had increased from 59% to
81%. Since 2011 onwards Elkaduwa Plantations Ltd., Kurunegala Plantations
and Rubber Research Institute were included for the State sector apart from
the JEDB/SLSPC. Therefore production of State sector has risen by 600 mt in
2011, producing only 900 mt per annum and same trend prevailed in 2012 too.
Small holding sector growth in raw rubber production recorded 3% decline in
2012 against the previous year. Thus, sector wise raw rubber production ratio
is 80:20 between small holdings and RPC estates at present.
Rubber processing plants & factories in RPCs produced crepe types mainly.
Individual smallholdings and group processing centers produced RSS sheet
predominantly. Other types such as scrap crepe, TSR & centrifuged are the
products of private sector rubber factories depend on bought latex. In addition
to that, large quantity of field latex was supplied to latex based manufacturing
plants by the farmers.
106
107
77.37
13.31
6.06
5.10
11.16
2.75
41.11
7.16
1.88
50.15
2005
Source: Rubber Development Department
73.37
12.62
4. Other Charges &
Maintenance
Grand Total
5.75
4.84
10.59
2.61
38.98
6.79
1.78
47.55
2004
1. Cultivation Cost
Labour
Materials
Maintenance
Sub Total
2. Processing Cost
Labour
Materials
Sub Total
3. Marketing Cost
Item
97.20
16.72
7.61
6.41
14.02
3.45
51.65
9.00
2.36
63.01
2006
112.69
10.75
43.00
1.19
44.19
4.00
43.00
7.53
3.23
53.75
2007
114.00
4.45
4.69
0.95
5.64
2.35
66.01
27.42
8.13
101.56
2008
118.56
10.00
12.00
1.56
13.56
5.00
80.00
7.50
2.50
90.00
2009
119.80
10.00
12.00
2.30
14.30
5.00
80.00
8.00
2.50
90.50
2010
RUBBER COST OF PRODUCTION - SMALL HOLDING SECTOR
129.56
11.10
14.25
1.81
16.06
5.50
85.30
8.40
3.20
96.90
2011
136.00
11.85
15.50
2.00
17.50
6.25
88.50
8.50
3.40
100.40
2012
Rs/kg
Table No. 2.20
108
2.54
18.48
0.68
59.77
5. Estate Maintenance
6. Genaral Charges
7. Marketing & Related Exp.
Total
65.98
0.75
13.65
4.29
Source : Department of Census and Statistics
6.53
4. Factory Cost
4.82
5.70
3. Maint. of Immature Rubber
5.23
22.10
2. Tapping & Collecting Cost 16.77
2003
14.67
2002
9.54
1. Maint. of Mature Rubber
Cost Item
72.56
0.80
15.93
6.98
4.47
6.41
27.93
10.04
2004
87.65
0.57
20.35
4.33
5.92
13.04
28.72
14.72
2005
102.30
0.44
28.86
4.68
4.01
12.65
25.88
25.78
2006
119.89
1.00
37.23
5.85
11.67
13.00
31.47
19.67
2007/08
135.83
0.72
40.15
7.42
6.71
18.27
33.78
28.78
2008/09
158.94
0.84
46.98
8.69
7.85
21.38
39.52
33.68
188.23
1.49
61.92
8.48
12.32
28.52
44.98
30.52
2009/10 2010/11
RUBBER COST OF PRODUCTION ESTATES - 20 ACRES AND ABOVE
223.70
2.66
57.58
13.78
18.54
43.32
50.59
37.23
2011/12
Rs/Kg
Table No.2.21
Rubber Cost of Production Small Holding & Estates
(Reference to table 2.20 & 2.21 )
In 2012 the cost of production in Smallholding sector increased marginally
Rs. 6.44 (5%) per kg compared to the previous year. All the cost components
including the labour cost increased slightly.
Based on a separate methodology adopted for the calculation of Estate
sector, the cost of production was recorded an increase of Rs. 35.47 per kg in
cost of production in 2012. It is an increase of 19% in six cost components
except general charges compared to previous year. Thus, the cost of production between these two sectors has much widened in 2012.
109
RUBBER PRICES
Overview - 2012
¾
Auction Price by Type (Average: Rs/kg)
2005
2012
¾
RSS-1
RSS-2
RSS-5
133.75
391.92
Scrap
Crepe (1XBR)
124.68
375.93
Latex
Crepe (1X)
152.70
409.10
141.17
416.27
138.66
407.99
457.67
429.08
443.00
469.25
336.78
378.00
2011 Monthly
Highest
April
465.68
Lowest
August
363.29
356.93
318.00
December
¾ In 2012 Price Growth (%) Over 2011
RSS-1
-19%
¾
Latex Crepe
-29%
FOB Export Price (Average -2012)
Rs/kg
US$/kg
¾
Scrap Crepe
-19%
RSS
Sheets
430.36
3.37
Sole
Crepe
618.25
4.85
Latex
Crepe
407.18
3.19
TSR
351.20
2.75
Centrifuged
Latex & other
479.80
3.76
FOB US$/kg
Highest April
January
May
June
Lowest September
November
December
3.81
3.68
6.00
3.77
5.21
2.99
3.98
2.78
2,89
0.84
110
Table No. 2.22
RUBBER : COLOMBO AUCTION PRICES BY DIFFERENT TYPES
Rs/Kg
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
RSS1
RSS2
RSS3
54.91
54.77
68.89
102.58
127.04
141.17
202.34
233.69
267.90
202.79
402.71
513.05
416.27
52.10
52.84
66.84
99.86
126.59
138.66
196.82
229.20
264.79
198.62
394.52
504.56
407.99
50.16
51.48
65.25
97.38
122.96
136.66
192.93
226.62
262.22
194.76
390.63
492.45
395.13
RSS4
48.75
50.20
63.47
95.67
120.76
134.89
189.08
222.60
257.89
190.25
379.47
486.12
388.70
RSS5
Scrap
Crepe
(1XBR)
Latex
Crepe
(1X)
47.67
49.31
61.86
93.71
118.34
133.75
186.07
219.29
254.93
183.82
373.01
470.92
391.92
49.62
46.31
56.91
90.06
117.62
124.68
179.50
206.96
245.61
176.28
364.11
461.83
375.93
66.70
58.49
76.92
122.71
142.43
152.70
242.75
236.82
273.79
208.62
455.94
575.65
409.10
Source: Rubber Development Department
Colombo auction price for different types of rubber mainly RSS 1 - 5 grades,
scrap crepe & latex crepe increased in every year over the decade excluding
the year 2009, in which global financial crisis affected adversely to the rubber
industry. However, having recovered from recession, attractive auction prices
were realized in 2010 above 99% for RSS-1, 106% for scrap crepe and 118% for
latex crepe compared with the previous year. The auction price showed a
further growth in 2011 for all types. The auction prices for all types were
turned down in 2012. This decrease was recorded in 17% - 20% range for RSS
grades, 19% for scrap crepe and 29% for latex crepe respectively. All types of
products recorded the highest auction price in 2011 due to depreciation of
local currency, benchmarks in other rubber markets in Asia, prevailed gap
between global rubber supply-demand, and favorable domestic market responses etc. In contrast auction price declined by the range of Rs. 100 to Rs.
165 per kg for all types in 2012.
111
10 - CM17140
112
113
Source : Rubber Development Department
Chart 7
114
115
January
February
March
April
Latex Crepe
1X
382.63 413.50 451.81 469.25
1
373.21 409.40 444.68 457.40
2
363.00 403.20 441.56 451.33
3
362.00 398.14 437.50 447.17
4
358.00 393.00 437.36 447.00
Scrap Crepe
1 X Br
348.22 387.80 430.67 443.00
2 X Br
331.77 380.25 416.00 433.60
3 X Br
339.57 380.71 416.78 429.67
4 X Br
330.11 372.79 411.89 427.20
Flat Bark
331.50 343.33 404.16 403.33
Sheet
RSS 1
381.42 431.71 461.66 465.68
RSS 2
383.57 426.71 448.86 457.67
RSS 3
376.67 413.30 442.25 445.33
RSS 4
367.75 407.43 426.17 435.00
RSS 5
358.00 394.00 416.00 429.08
Skim
313.33 334.43 378.89 431.90
Source: Forbes and Walker Commodity Brokers (Pvt)
unq - unquoted.
Month
410.00
406.00
393.60
385.20
373.42
366.42
372.67
358.55
345.20
unq
414.83
405.87
394.80
386.10
381.50
370.40
418.60
409.25
392.57
391.67
372.33
454.60
456.67
441.56
436.33
416.50
423.43
Ltd.
June
438.00
432.79
429.83
424.56
426.10
May
437.96
422.21
408.40
392.50
384.33
370.61
378.00
368.70
352.72
342.78
331.25
409.07
406.39
396.63
390.03
387.56
July
363.29
356.93
345.42
339.75
318.00
311.42
336.78
332.00
324.56
314.29
292.00
382.00
372.50
356.33
353.00
347.67
422.42
407.70
389.00
361.00
359.00
292.00
361.63
332.67
324.08
320.60
296.40
407.60
399.25
388.38
377.38
372.69
August September
412.36
407.17
395.00
378.00
409.00
304.06
361.06
344.67
327.00
318.67
305.17
409.00
405.22
393.13
381.56
374.33
October
379.00
371.20
366.38
356.50
unq
292.50
338.22
331.71
323.44
312.22
301.75
379.17
376.88
365.25
353.56
347.56
374.42
370.17
360.40
348.67
343.00
313.60
348.00
336.88
323.84
315.75
305.00
378.00
376.40
364.00
358.00
352.50
Novem- December
ber
AVERAGE MONTHLY PRICES OF RUBBER AUCTION BY TYPE - 2011
416.27
407.99
395.13
388.70
391.92
344.31
375.93
366.12
356.77
349.83
336.37
409.10
404.45
393.82
388.98
384.56
Average
Rs/kg
Table No. 2.23
116
386.84
425.18
470.96
489.67
486.32
419.44
398.88
424.26
393.67
423.00
393.98
394.03
430.36
Rs/Kg
3.40
3.63
3.75
3.81
3.76
3.18
3.00
3.21
2.99
3.28
3.02
3.07
3.37
US$/Kg
RSS Sheet
Source: Rubber Development Department
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Average
Month
683.79
541.76
632.10
631.10
654.72
736.63
680.79
631.69
609.22
582.92
518.40
594.00
618.25
Rs/Kg
6.00
4.62
5.04
4.91
5.06
5.58
5.12
4.78
4.62
4.51
3.98
4.63
4.85
US$/Kg
Sole Crepe
370.63
389.36
443.18
473.20
450.15
434.43
400.09
391.02
379.88
377.62
362.05
380.39
407.18
Rs/Kg
3.25
3.32
3.53
3.68
3.48
3.29
3.01
2.96
2.88
2.92
2.78
2.96
3.19
US$/Kg
Latex Crepe
421.34
415.40
448.21
484.79
487.70
446.76
416.57
468.01
391.94
366.38
387.48
107.27
351.20
Rs/Kg
3.70
3.54
3.57
3.77
3.77
3.38
3.14
3.54
2.97
2.84
2.97
0.84
2.75
US$/Kg
TSR
FOB PRICES ON MONTHLY RAW RUBBER EXPORTS - 2012
408.98
456.04
511.71
553.81
540.04
687.67
614.84
665.35
543.91
520.65
376.72
412.93
479.80
Rs/Kg
3.59
3.89
4.08
4.30
4.17
5.21
4.63
5.04
4.13
4.03
2.89
3.22
3.76
US$/Kg
Centrifuged Latex
& Other
Table No. 2.24
Monthly Auction Price & Fob Price of Rubber - 2012
(Reference to Table No. 2.23 & 2.24)
Average monthly auction prices recorded in the highest for Sheet (RSS), over
the other types of processed natural rubber in 2012. A slight decline of prices
has been reported in the month of January, August, November & December.
The difference between the highest (in April) and the lowest (in December)
price for latex crepe 1X grade was Rs. 91 per kg. For Latex Crepe type which
was taken as the second highest average price has recorded at the Colombo
auction with increasing prices from January to April while May to December
prices was declined gradually other than the month of September and October
on all Latex Crepe grades. Auction prices of other types i.e. Scrap Crepe, Flat
Bark and Skim declined the later part of the year since July.
There was a difference between FOB price and the auction price prevailed
for RSS and latex crepe grade. The price margin was not significant between
auction price & FOB price on RSS grades throughout the year. FOB prices on
sole crepe were highest among all types exported recording upper end value
of $ 6.0 per kg. In respect of Latex Crepe export FOB prices were high upto
July and since then recorded a declining trend FOB prices of TSR type peaked
in April & May at $ 3.77 per kg and declined significantly in the latter part of
the year. Similarly export price of Centrifuged latex recorded much higher
value in June while declining the FOB price November to February period.
117
RUBBER EXPORT
and IMPORT
Overview - 2012
¾ Raw Rubber Exports
Earnings
Type
Quantity(Mt)
Direct Supply Sheets
11,222
Crepes
19,131
TSR
4,462
Centrifuged & other
2,562
Semi-Processed Reclaimed/Compounded 15,356
Total
52,734
Rs Mn
4,817
8,107
1,556
1,248
5,535
21,262
$ Mn
37.8
63.5
12.2
9,8
43.4
166.6
¾ Major Destinations for Raw Rubber
Mt
$ Mn
Malaysia
11,640
33.2
Pakistan
5,382
15.8
India
5,598
19.5
Germany
1,951
6.8
¾ Raw Rubber Imports
Sheets
Centrifuged/other
Synthetic
Semi-Processed
Total
Import Cost
Quantity(Mt)
11,147
4,529
33,789
21,599
71,064
Rs Mn
4,659
1,382
11,011
3,197
20,249
¾ Rubber Products Import at cost of Rs. 13.7 bn ($ 107 mn)
1.7mn units of Tyres at Rs 6.9 Bn, Machinery/Vehicle Parts Rs 2.3 bn
¾ Rubber Products Export Earnings Rs. 103.9 Bn.($ 814 mn)
Major Categories and Values
•
•
•
¾
USA
1,723
6.3
Solid Tyre (18,4 mn units) Rs. 42.2 bn
New Pneumatic Tyre (10.1 Mn units) Rs. 26.5 bn
Gloves (25,190 mt) Rs 22.5 bn.
Cess from : Imports - Rs 1,331 mn; Exports - Rs. 581 mn
118
$ Mn
36.5
10.8
86.3
25.1
158.7
119
10,566
9,523
14,983
16,079
18,502
12,246
19,800
18,079
17,257
24,402
20,914
13,561
11,057
Mt
546
522
1,011
1,571
2,204
1,706
3,759
4,014
4,583
4,863
7,563
6,936
4,758
Rs mn
2,971
2,808
2,601
2,185
1,996
2,724
2,493
3,225
3,283
2,110
2,152
2,471
1,486
mt
337
316
282
311
344
519
709
1,155
1,077
659
1,085
1,743
919
Rs mn
Sole Crepe
Source: Rubber Development Department
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Sheet
10
73
177
626
2,723
305
601
656
506
226
71
-
mt
0
2
10
52
77
34
79
102
98
28
14
-
Rs mn
Scrap Crepe
Rs mn
16,737 1,168
16,986 1,126
16,174 1,094
14,335 1,568
11,669 1,848
12,371 1,866
16,333 3,467
17,503 4,112
15,335 4,255
13,683 2,732
18,472 6,927
20,904 11,101
17,645 7,187
mt
Latex Crepe
1,756
1,830
537
1,187
2,880
2,136
4,515
5,979
4,986
6,541
2,844
3,655
4,582
mt
93
102
32
135
389
310
911
1,311
1,391
1,251
1,023
1,822
1,609
Rs mn
TSR
462
731
1,636
788
2,554
1,853
2,601
5,979
7,251
9,028
7,050
2,014
2,607
mt
31
46
86
68
275
249
417
1,372
2,131
1,794
2,644
1,209
1,252
Rs mn
Centrifuged
Latex & Other
RAW RUBBER EXPORT QUANTITY AND VALUE OF DIFFERENT TYPES
32,502
31,951
36,108
35,200
40,324
31,633
46,343
51,421
48,618
55,991
51,503
42,605
37,377
mt
2,175
2,115
2,515
3,705
5,137
4,684
9,341
12,066
13,535
11,327
19,256
22,811
15,726
Rs mn
Total
Table No. 2.25
120
1,272
1,815
1,782
1,414
461
505
256
237
894
643
919
860
11,057
Mt
492
772
839
692
224
212
102
100
352
272
362
339
4,758
Rs Mn
92
133
91
118
105
89
108
175
170
141
121
144
1,486
Mt
63
72
57
74
68
66
73
110
103
82
63
86
919
Rs Mn
Sole Crepe
Source -: Rubber Development Department
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Month
RSS Sheet
1,781
1,825
2,972
1,576
1,246
896
860
1,229
1,366
1,455
1,085
1,354
17,645
Mt
660
710
1,317
585
561
389
344
480
519
549
393
515
7,024
Rs Mn
Latex Crepe
425
472
604
189
315
207
125
96
499
381
204
1,064
4,582
Mt
179
196
271
91
154
93
52
45
196
140
79
114
1,609
Rs Mn
TSR
483
694
545
228
215
34
42
43
59
17
141
106
2,607
Mt
197
316
279
128
116
23
26
28
32
8
53
44
1,252
Rs Mn
Centrifuged
Latex & Other
MONTHLY EXPORT QUANTITY AND VALUE OF RAW RUBBER - 2012
4,053
4,940
5,994
3,524
2,342
1,731
1,391
1,778
2,988
2,637
2,470
3,529
37,377
Mt
1,592
2,067
2,763
1,734
1,124
783
598
764
1,202
1,052
950
1,097
15,726
Rs Mn
Total
Table No. 2.26
121
Source : Rubber Development Department
Chart 8
122
Raw Rubber Export Earnings of Different Types
(Reference to Table No. 2.25 & 2.26)
During the decade from 2002 to 2012 raw rubber exports increased from
36,108mt in 2002 to 37,377 mt in 2012. Export earning also increased from
Rs. 2.5 billion to Rs. 15.8 billion during the period. However, in 2012 compared
to year 2011, quantity of export declined by 5,228 mt or 12%, while export
earnings decreased by Rs. 7 billion or 31% due to low FOB prices prevailed
throughout the year in all categories of rubber exports.
Export of RSS sheets peaked in 2009 at 24,400 mt and started to decline in
2010. A sharp decline was recorded in 2011 & 2012 showing 13,561 mt and
11,507 respectively. In past years sole crepe export quantity remained at a
steady level but in 2012 a significant decline recorded 985 mt or by 40%. No
scrap crepe was exported in 2011 & 2012 at all as local demand was attractive
in terms of prices. In the decade export of latex crepe maximized in terms of
both quantity and earnings in 2011 but a drastic decline (35%) of earnings
reported in 2012. TSR export reached at 6541mt. in 2009 declined to 4,582 mt
in 2012 and earned the highest export income in 2011 due to attractive FOB
price. Centrifuged Latex exports are declining sharply since 2009 as local
manufactures’ demand was very high. In 2012, Rs. 1.3 billion earned with
2,607 mt of export quantity.
Disaggregated monthly export data for 2012 highlights that sheet rubber
quantity exports declined from May onwards. While sole crepe export was
very low in January, March and June latex crepe recorded the lowest level in
July Minimum quantity of TSR export recorded in August. Centrifuged latex
recorded the lowest export quantity and earnings in October 2012.
123
Table No. 2.27
RAW RUBBER EXPORTS BY HS CODE - 2012
HS
Head
4001.10
HS
Code
Description
Natural Rubber (NR)
Natural Rubber (NR) latex
40011010 & 90 Centrifuged & other latex
4001.21
40012110
40012120
40012130
40012140
40012150
40012190
4001.22
40012200
4001.29
40012911
40012912
40012913
40012914
40012920
40012940
40012950
40012960
40012990
40.02
40.03 40030000
40.04 40040090
40.05
40051020
40059100
40059900
40.06
400610 & 90
Smoked Rubber Sheets (RSS)
RSS - 1
RSS - 2
RSS - 3
RSS - 4
RSS - 5
Other Smoked Sheets
Technically Specified Natural
Rubber (TSNR)
TSNR
Crepes
Sole Crepe
pale Crepe
Brown Crepe
Scrap Crepe
Performance
Quantity Value
Mt
Rs Mn
2,064
986
11,222
704
_
3,495
4,270
2,588
165
4,817
315
_
1,529
1,820
1,095
58
4,462
19,131
1,486
8,812
8,833
_
1,556
8,107
919
3,790
3,398
_
Block Rubber
Deproteinized Natural Rubber (DPNR)
MG Rubber
Other (SP Rubber)
Other NR
Natural Rubber - Sub Total
Synthetic Rubber (SR)
Semi - Processed Rubber
Reclaimed Rubber
Granules of waste, Parings & Scraps
Compounded Rubber
Compounded with carbon black or silica
Plates, Sheets, Strips
Other Compounded
Other Forms of unvulcanized Rubber
Strip & Oter types
160
68
169
103
1
1
152
85
16
5
37,377 15,726
1
1
Semi Processed - Sub Total
Grand Total
15,356 5,535
52,734 21,262
Source : Sri Lanka Customs - Data from Statistical Unit.
124
952
1,894
12,483
320
190
11,973
71
134
5,326
244
157
4,926
27
4
Table No 2.28
RAW RUBBER EXPORTS BY DESTINATION
2009
Country
2010
2011
Quantity
MT
Value
Rs Mn
Quantity
MT
Pakistan
9,473
1,798
7,680
2,812
Germany
1,606
370
3,269
1,128
India
14,100
2,846
10,430
3,842
3,865
USA
2,691
615
2,555
1,055
3,259
10,902
2,008
12,693
Japan
1,462
333
1,755
788
2,251
1,425
1,413
670
Italy
1,326
285
1,559
629
1,401
788
1,273
598
326
56
498
210
226
129
388
178
China
2,625
486
789
293
1,371
858
722
320
Spain
330
75
323
122
177
108
191
84
Malaysia
UK
Value Quantity
Rs Mn
MT
2012
Value Quantity
Rs Mn
MT
Value
Rs Mn
7,628
3,570
5,382
2,014
2,468
1,444
1,951
867
1,911
5,598
2,483
1,945
1,723
810
6,134 11,640
4,238
4,344 12,635
Turkey
715
145
1,054
398
533
285
250
105
South Korea
581
129
376
142
194
131
184
104
1,240
238
1,839
656
460
246
495
222
Singapore
Taiwan
160
39
121
54
207
120
183
85
South Africa
499
171
759
394
1,124
695
476
301
Hong Kong
660
148
728
365
654
440
240
112
France
459
100
312
154
370
234
286
141
Chile
205
42
95
38
51
30
10
5
Netherlands
132
37
328
137
317
190
217
100
Belgium
-
-
-
-
306
178
246
121
Kenya
-
-
-
-
250
119
455
190
Sweden
-
-
-
-
225
139
112
53
Vietnam
-
-
-
-
987
735
970
560
Other
6,450
1,394
4,070
1,696
1,647
955
2,972
1,367
Total
55,942
11,315
51,503 19,256 42,606 22,811 37,377 15,726
Source : Rubber Development Department
125
Raw Rubber Exports by Type & Destination
(Reference to Table No. 2.27 & 2.28)
Total quantity of raw rubber exports were categorized under customs
Harmonized System (HS) head 40.01 to 40.06 was 52,734 mt with corresponding
export value of Rs. 21,262 mn in 2012. Under HS head 40.01 all types
(Centrifuged Latex, RSS, TSNR, Crepe, Other NR) are direct supplies from
estate plantations and smallholdings based on field Latex collected and
subsequently processed in the factories or grass root processing centers.
Total quantity of Crepes exported was 19,131 mt while realizing Rs.8,107 mn
(52% of total) revenue earning in 2012. Other than Sole Crepe the type of
Latex Crepe included both Pale Crepe & Brown Crepe. Crepe is the main
processed product of RPC factories and a few private factories.
The volume of RSS grades, TSNR & Centrifuged Latex categories exported
together was 17,748 mt and with corresponding value of Rs.7,359 mn. Block
rubber is included in TSNR category. Other NR type (such as DPNR, MG, SP)
were not significant comprising of total 498 mt and value of Rs.262 mn. Thus,
total quantity exported as direct supply (under HS head 40.01) in 2012 was
37,377 mt while total earnings realized was Rs.15,726 mn.
In table 2.28 quantity of direct NR supply exported is presented sorted by
destination. Pakistan which was the highest importer in 2008 declined in
share and became 3rd place in 2012. In 2009 India was top destination while
from 2010 to 2012 Malaysia was the highest importer of Sri Lankan rubber
supply. In addition, Germany, USA, Japan, Italy, China and Vietnam are the
other significant natural rubber purchasing countries. In 2011 a few new
destinations for raw rubber exports emerged while declining trends were
shown for conventional exporters such as UK, Chile, and Spain.
Other than direct supply of NR (under HS 40.01) there are semi-processed
rubber products which are categorized as raw rubber under HS head 40.02 to
40.06 as given in table 2.27. Main such types are Reclaimed rubber, Granules
of waste or scrap and Compounded rubber which are processed by local
manufacturers for local consumption or export purpose. In 2012 Reclaimed,
Granules and Compounded categories were exported 952 mt, 1,894 mt and
12,483 mt respectively and earned cumulative export value of Rs.5,531 mn.
126
Table No 2.29
RUBBER IMPORTS BY TYPES 2000 - 2012
MT
Natural Rubber
Sheet
Year
Sole Scrap Latex
Crepe Crepe Crepe
TSR
Centrifuged
Latex &
Other
Total
Synthetic
Rubber
2000
2,223
0
0
0
21
518
2,762
16,851
2001
636
0
0
13
0
78
727
15,168
2002
4,315
0
0
0
0
584
4,899
15,128
2003
5,093
0
0
0
121
3,965
9,179
17,636
2004
8,836
0
0
44
261
5,116
14,257
20,634
2005
9,101
0
0
0
40
1,164
10,305
19,593
2006
4,505
1
0
90
0
2,589
7,185
45,346
2007
7,467
0
0
0
0
1,181
8,649
30,234
2008
2,805
0
0
0
0
830
3,635
29,521
2009
3,139
0
0
0
61
1,992
5,192
21,974
2010
8,236
0
0
2,035
197
4,156
14,624
29,101
2011
11,773
0
0
0
42
4,707
16,522
42,084
2012
11,147
68
0
17
187
4,257
15,675
33,789
Source : Rubber Development Department
: Sri Lanka Customs
127
11 - CM17140
Table No. 2.30
RAW RUBBER IMPORTS BY HS CODE - 2012
HS
Head
HS
Code
40.01
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
4001
40.02
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
4002
40.03 4003
40.04 4004
40.05
4005
40.06 4006
Description
Natural Rubber (NR) in primary forms
1010 to 90 Centrifuged NR latex & Other Latex
21
Smoked Rubber Sheets (RSS)
2110
RSS 1
2120
RSS 2
2130
RSS 3
2140
RSS 4
2150
RSS 5
2190
Other RSS
2200
Technically Specified Natural Rubber
(TSNR)
29
Crepes
2911
Sole Crepe
2912
Pale Crepe
2920
Block Rubber
2990
Other NR
Natural Rubber Sub Total
Synthetic Rubber in primary forms
1100
Latex of SBR/ XSBR
1900
Other - SBR & XSBR
2000
Butadiene Rubber (BR)
3100
Isobutene -Isoprene (butyl) Rubber (IIR)
3900
Haloisobutene -isoprene rubber (CIIR/ BIIR)
4100
Chlorobutadiene rubber (CR) - Latex
4900
Chlorobutadiene rubber (CR) - Other
5100
Acrylonitrile - butadiene rubber (NBR)
Latex
5900
NBR - other
6000
Isoprene rubber (IR)
7000
Ethylene - propylene (EPDM)
8000
Mixture with any product of NR
9100
Latex of other SR
9900
Other - Synthetic Rubber (SR)
Synthetic Rubber Sub Total
Semi Processed Rubber
0000
Reclaimed rubber
0010 to 90 Granules, Scrap of tyre & waste &
curing bags
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised
1011 to 99 Compounded with carbon black or
silica of NR
10 to 90
Other forms of rubber & articles of
unvulcanised
Semi -Processed Sub Total
Grand Total
Source : Sri Lanka Customs - Data from Statistical Unit
128
Performance
Quantity Value
mt.
Rs.mn.
4,217
1,267
418
3,765
4,704
192
1,516
1,982
2,260
126
969
53
68
17
61
40
15,676
20
8
20
13
6,041
150
9,179
5,200
285
190
683
616
9,611
42
3,370
2,008
127
76
342
446
2,186
4,760 1,013
256
309
126
71
2,541
935
193
85
33,789 11,011
7,850
5,544
745
407
4,744
1,590
3,462
455
21,599 3,197
71,064 20,249
Imports of Raw Rubber
(Reference to Table No. 2.29 & 2.30)
As one of the main NR producing countries, Sri Lanka discourages the import
of NR through high import Cess rate (5% on CIF) along with usual other
Customs duties. On the other hand fairly high Cess rate (Rs. 15 per kg at
present) on export of NR is imposed in order to discourage the export of raw
rubber out of local production and in turn divert local production to local
consumption for finished products manufacturing.
In 2012, Sri Lanka imported quantity of sheet rubber 11,147 mt to overcome
the scarcity of NR in certain months to meet the demand of rubber product
manufacturers. Compared to RSS export of 11,222 mt the imports are also in
similar range of quantity. Within crepe types Sole Crepe and Pale Crepe were
imported very small quantity only 68 mt and 17 mt respectively. TSR and
block rubber together imported was 187 mt. Centrifuged latex of 4,217 mt was
imported while the quantity of such export was as low as 2,064 mt. Thus, in
2012 total import of NR under HS 40.01 was 15,675 mt with the corresponding
CIF value of Rs. 6,041 mn.
Other than NR types, the main imported category was Synthetic rubber
related to HS head 40.02 and in 2012 the quantity imported was 33,789 mt
valued at Rs. 11,011 mn. As Sri Lanka is not a producer of synthetic rubber
and certain products must incorporate synthetic rubber to meet required
standard the need is there to import synthetic rubber. In the decade synthetic
rubber import was within the range of minimum 15,000 mt and maximum 45,000
mt on yearly basis. Compared to previous year, synthetic demand decreased
in 2012 by 8,295 mt, which was substantial.
Sri Lanka imports semi processed product type of raw rubber under HS
heads 40.03 to 40.06. The quantity imported in such forms of Reclaimed,
Scraps, Compounded, other form of unvulcanized was 21,599 mt at CIF value
of Rs.3,197 mn. In the mean time such types were also exported. In 2012, total
of imported raw rubber quantity under three main categories were direct NR
15,675 mt, synthetic 33,789 mt, semi processed products 21,599 mt totaling to
71,064 mt with cumulative CIF value of Rs.20,249 mn.
129
Table No. 2.31
RUBBER FINISHED PRODUCTS IMPORTS BY HS CODE - 2012
HS
Head
HS
Code
Description
40.07 40070000
Rubber thread and code
40.08
400911 to 42
Plates, sheets, strip, rods & profile shapes
Products of cellular rubber
products of non cellular rubber
Tubes, pipes & hoses of vulcanised rubber
Various types of products
4010 11 to 39
Conveyor/ transmission belts or belting
V belts & other types
40.09
40.1
40.11
40.12
40.13
400811 & 19
400821 & 29
40119910-90
New pneumatic tyres of rubber
of a kind used on motor cars (No.)
of a kind used on buses & lorries (No.)
of a kind used on aircraft (No.)
of a kind used on motorcycles (No.)
of a kind used on bicycles (No.)
other - Agri. Forestry, construct and industry
vehicle/ machinery (No.)
of a kind used for auto tryshows (No.)
4012.11 to 20
4012.9010 - 90
Retreated & solid tyre
Retreated tyre (No.)
solid tyre (No.)
4013 1000
4013 2000
4013 9000
Inner tubes of rubber
of a kind used on cars, buses & lorries (No.)
of a kind used on bicycles (No.)
other use of vehicles (No.)
4011 1000
4011 2000
4011 3000
4011 4000
4011 5000
4011.61 to 94
40.14
40.15
40.16
40.17
4014.10 &90
40151100
4015.19 & 90
40161000
4016 9100
4016 9200
4016.93 09 - 90
40169400
4016.9510 & 90
4016.99 09-90
40170010 & 90
Hygenic/ Pharmaceutical articles
Contraceptives
Gloves of vulcanised, unhardened rubber
surgical gloves
Other - Industrial gloves
Other articles of vulcanised rubber
of cellular rubber
Floor covering & mats
Erasers
Gaskets, washers & oil seals
Boat or dock fenders
Air bags, steam bags and inflatable articles
Being parts of textile, agriculture, diary &
poultry machinery & equipments
Articles of hard rubber
Waste, scrap & ebonite… etc
Total Mt/Value
Total No (Units)/Value
Total Value
2012 Annual Average Exchange Rate , 1 US$ = Rs.127.60
Source : Sri Lanka Customs : Data from Statistical Unit
130
Performance
Quantity
Value
mt.
Rs. mn.
210
111
237
562
103
461
875
610
1,108
819
1,652,124
550,062
195,666
503
224,097
564,003
51,962
6,887
2,697
3,040
58
375
169
379
65,831
169
208,486
764
207,722
159
14
145
2,688,995
898,053
847,433
943,509
1,018
604
67
347
91
1,065
943
122
116
924
794
130
2,639
20
390
427
646
15
134
1,007
2,426
16
61
67
1,164
6
175
937
31
6,817
4,549,605
20
5,588
8,064
13,653
Import of Rubber Finished Products
(Reference to Table No. 2.31)
Under the same HS heads 40.07 to 40.17 export as well as import of different
types of rubber products is provided. In table 2.31 such types of imports in
terms of quantity and CIF value are presented for the year 2012. Sri Lanka
imported different types in quantity of 6,817 mt and total number of units 4.5
million with total CIF value of Rs.13,653 mn. Only tyres and tubes (40.11, 40.12
& 40.13) are given in units while all other products are in metric tons.
The main type of imported finished rubber was New Pneumatic tyres (HS
40.11) which accounted for 1.7 mn units with corresponding value of Rs.
6,887 mn or 50% of total CIF value. In terms of CIF value the next type ranked
second was articles of vulcanized rubber (Floor mats, Gaskets, Washers,
Seals, Machinery parts) which accounted for Rs.2,426 mn or 18% of total.
Inner Tubes of rubber (HS 40.13), Belts (HS 40.10), Pipes/hoses (HS 40.09)
were followed by CIF values Rs 1,018 mn, 819 mn, 610 mn respectively. Other
types of import (threads, cellular & non cellular rubber products, solid tyres,
gloves and contraceptives) carried moderate quantity and value of CIF at Rs.
1,894 mn or 14% of total CIF.
In 2012, Sri Lanka exported new pneumatic tyres greater than 4 fold of
such imports in value terms. In respect of solid tyre category compared to
import value, export from Sri Lanka was more than 275 times. Similarly gloves
were exported 24 fold of import value of the same. As rubber product imports
are subject to the above 5% of cess rate on CIF value in 2012 the Cess income
collected was Rs.683 mn.
131
132
30,623.6
10,879.2
(6) Apparel Clothing Accessories Of Which :
Surgical gloves
Industrial gloves
1.1
2.5
1,010.3
3.5
2006
(5) Tyres and Tubes Of Which :
New Pneumatic tyres
Solid tyres
Tubes
(4) Rubber Belts
V - Belts & Other type belting
(3) Rubber Hoses
Tubes, Pipes, & Hoses
(2) Unhardened Rubber
- Plates,sheets,strips,rods & profile
shapes of which : products of cellular
rubber products of non cellular rubber
(1) Rubber Thread & Cord
Rubber Product
12,235.3
34,376.7
1.3
2.7
882.0
7.3
2007
12,713.7
36,594.7
8.1
3.4
781.0
158.3
2008
13,070.3
24,591.8
0.0
0.7
1,338.3
23.6
2009
15,335.4
39,396.0
1.0
5.3
1,908.0
5.2
2010
20,012
4,553
15,459
63,169
23,821
39,065
283
13
22,546
5,731
16,815
69,049
26,463
42,208
378
26
20
1,404
854
1,023
789
30
2,258
7
2012
Rs Mn
Table No 2.32
1,812
22
2011
EXPORT INCOME FROM DIFFERENT PRODUCT CATERGORIES OF RUBBER
133
56,205.9
-
9,341.5
46,864.4
65,671.3
-
12,066.0
53,605.3
644.2
72,319.7
-
13,535.0
58,784.7
633.2
55,627.8
-
11,327.0
44,300.8
376.6
137.3
2,664.0
22,811.0
95,169.0
240
-
83,224.5 120,644.0
-
19,255.7
63,968.8
392.1
153.5
125,182.0
5,535.0
15,726.0
103,921.0
242
-
6,684
1,963
1,126
9,773
2012
Rs Mn
Sri Lanka Customs
Note : For the year 2012, this table is improved incorporating disaggregated value in main products under product categories 2,5,6 & 7 to
understand easily and compatible to simillar other tables.
* Semi Processed include Granules, Reclaimed & Compounded rubber mainly.
Source : Export Development Board
Total Export Value
Semi Processed Rubber Total *
Raw Rubber Total
Total of Rubber Products
414.2
(9) Rubber Products Unclassified
110.1
9,871
2011
6,224
123.7
(8) Footwear
96.8
6,772.3
2010
- Parts of macinery & equipments
4,762.2
2009
2,482
7,782.2
2008
- Gasketes, Washers & other Seals
5,359.0
2007
1,165
3,806.3
2006
- Floor covering & Mats
(7) Articles of Hardened Rubber Of which :
Rubber Product
EXPORT INCOME FROM DIFFERENT PRODUCT CATERGORIES OF RUBBER (Contd.)
Table No 2.32
Table No. 2.33
RUBBER FINISHED PRODUCTS EXPORT BY HS CODE - 2012
HS
Head
HS
Code
Description
40.07 40070000
Performance
Quantity
Value
Mt
Rs Mn
Vulcanized rubber thread & cord
Plates, sheets, strips & profile shapes
12
7
40.08 400811 & 19
Products of cellular rubber
1,804
1,404
400821 & 29
Products of non cellular rubber
2,265
854
40.09 400911 to 42
Tubes, pipes & hoses of vulcanized
23
20
40.10 401011 to 39
Conveyor/Transmission belting
62
26
(v-belts)
40.11
New Pneumatic Tyres of Rubber 10,065,455 26,463
40111000
Tyres on motor cars (No)
45,490
454
40112000
Tyres on buses & lorries (No)
1,574,889
3,082
40113000
Tyres on aircraft (No)
303
19
40114000
Tyres on motorcycles (No)
30,908
24
40115000
Tyres on bicycles (No)
6,463,952
2,120
401161 to 94
Tyres on Industrial vehicles/
434,071
2,407
machines (No)
40119910
Tyres on Auto Trishaws(No)
83,566
1,446
40119990
Other type of Tyres (No)
1,432,276 16,911
40.12
Retreated & Solid Tyres of Rubber 18,371,967 42,208
401211 to 90
Retreated Tyres (No)
2,751
7
40129010
Solid Tyres (No)
7,044,999 24,433
40129090
Other types of solid tyres(No)
11,324,217 17,768
40.13
Inner tubes of Rubber
401310, 20 & 90 Tubes on motor cars, bicycles &
1,438,750
378
other (No)
40.14 401490
Contraceptives (mt)
284
218
40.15
Articles of apparel - Gloves etc
25,190 22,546
40151100
Surgical Gloves
4,483
5,731
401519 & 90
Other Industrial Gloves
20,707 16,815
40.16
Other Articles of Vulcanized
18,453
9,792
rubber
40169100
Floor coverings and mats
5,058
1,126
40169390
Gaskets, washers & seals
1,138
1,963
40169910 to 90 Being parts of textile machinary
and other type of machinary/
equipments/ vehicles
12,233
6,684
40169510 & 90 Other miscellaneous items
24
19
40.17
Articles of Hard rubber
40170010 &90
Waste, scap & ebonite.. Etc
57
4
Sub Total mt/ Value
48,150 34,871
Sub Total No Units/ Value
29,876,172 69,050
Total Value
103,921
Source : Sri Lanka Customs Statistical Unit.
134
Rubber Finished Products Export
(Reference to Table No. 2.32 & 2.33)
In accordance with the table 2.32, since 2006 export value of rubber finished
products increased gradually except for 2009. In 2006 it was Rs.46.9 bn and by
2008 with a 25% growth recorded to Rs.58.8 bn. However, with global economic recession experienced in 2009 export earnings declined by 25% over
the previous year (2008). Having recovered from the recession in 2010 the
growth recorded was a moderate 9% against the year 2008. In 2012 the highest export earnings achievement was recorded with Rs.103.9 billion export
earnings and 9% growth over the previous year. During the period from 2006
to 2012 total rubber product export earnings increased by Rs.57 billion or
122% which is extremely outstanding. The table 2.32 is improved since 2011
disaggregating export values in main product categories for easy understand
and to make compatible to similar type of other tables.
In 2012, the highest export earnings were realized by solid tyre export of
Rs.42.2 billion with corresponding to 18.4 million units. This was followed by
new pneumatic tyre export amounting to Rs.26.5 billion and 10.1 mn units.
Thus for tyre sector alone export earning was Rs.68.7 billion or 66% of total
earnings of the current year. Other than tyre sector Gloves export earned
Rs.23 billion or 22% of total value of export. Other articles of vulcanized
rubber under HS head 40.16 (Mats, Gaskets, Washers, Seals and Machinery
parts) accounted Rs. 9.8 bn or 9% of total export value. Balance 3% of export
earnings were realized from cellular and non-cellular rubber products (HS
40.08), Inner rubber tubes (HS 40.13) and contraceptive (HS 40.14) exports.
Thus, in 2012 total export income of Rs.103.9 billion was earned exporting
rubber finished products manufactured in local firms. Total units of tyres &
tubes exported was 29.9 million while other products measured in metric tons
were 48,150.
135
136
74.95
74.32
86.84
80.46
86.02
71.42
94.40
103.57
118.69
95.26
139.10
122.57
1,147.60
Imports
26.41
29.01
38.56
52.11
30.27
28.34
34.65
57.61
44.73
42.68
31.72
55.38
471.47
45.40
28.30
17.30
22.88
13.40
14.52
23.87
19.00
18.54
39.28
15.04
20.37
277.90
2011
Exports
Local
Source : Sri Lanka Customs
Rubber Development Department
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Month
146.76
131.63
142.70
155.45
129.69
114.28
152.93
180.18
181.96
177.22
185.86
198.32
1,896.97
Total
118.62
78.12
125.93
116.20
101.35
99.57
106.29
103.01
112.30
120.08
129.28
120.10
1,330.86
Imports
RUBBER : MONTHLY CESS COLLECTION
63.40
76.70
93.00
56.10
38.90
28.20
24.18
31.26
43.84
42.46
39.66
43.01
580.71
17.45
21.86
30.88
20.26
14.40
29.79
15.23
17.10
17.84
18.69
15.99
16.01
235.45
2012
Exports
Local
199.47
176.68
249.81
192.56
154.65
157.56
145.70
151.37
173.98
181.23
184.93
179.13
2,147.02
Total
Rs Mn
Table No. 2.34
Monthly Rubber Cess Collection
(Reference to Table No. 2.34)
Compared to previous year, the total cess collection on rubber and rubber
products increased by 13% in 2012. Cess at 5% of CIF value on rubber and
rubber product imports increased by Rs.183 mn over the previous year.
Although quantity of raw rubber exports in 2012 declined by 5 mn kg the
export cess collection increased by 23% due to cess rate adjustment from
Rs.4 to Rs.8 per kg and further adjustment upwards (Rs. 15 per kg) in the later
part of 2011.
Cess collection on local consumption of local rubber supply at a fixed rate
of Rs.4 per kg depends on quantity consumed by manufacturers yearly. Local
consumption of raw rubber by rubber product manufacturers in 2011 & 2012
was 112 and 110 mn kg respectively. When this rate is applied to collected
amount the consumption figure should tally if cess was collected without
any arrears. However, reported cess collection of Rs.235 mn in 2012 accounted
for local consumption of raw rubber only 59 mn kg which was under stated
compared to actual local consumption given i.e. 110 mn kg leaving substantial
gap. This needs to be clarified, as recent industry survey on manufacturer
confirmed that actual consumption was 75mnkg in 2012.
137
RUBBER WORLD
Overview - 2012
¾ Rubber Extent (Thousand Hectares) – 12,127
Asia
Africa
11,225 (93%)
613 (5%)
America
289 (2%)
¾ Extent of ANRPC and Non-ANRPC (’000 ha)
ANRPC Member Countries
10,655 (87.8%)
Non- ANRPC Countries
1,476(12.2%)
¾ Extent of Major Growers (’000 ha) – 83%
Indonesia - 3,484
Thailand - 2,761
Malaysia - 1,041
Vietnam - 910.5
China
India
¾ Rubber Production (Thousand Metric Tons) – 11,623
ANRPC
- 10,647 (92%)
Non-ANRPC
Asia
- 10,817 (93.2%)
Africa
America
- 312.1 (2.5%)
Top Three Producers (’000 mt) 7,741 (68%)
Thailand - 3,778
Indonesia - 3,040 Malaysia
¾ ANRPC Performance -2012
Production/Tapped Area
= Yield 1,454 kg/ha
Top three (yield) Countries (kg/ha)
• Thailand
- 1,903
• India
- 1,823
• Vietnam
- 1,707
Cumulative Status (’000 mt)
• Consumption
- 6,620
• Export
- 8,184
• Import
- 4,839
138
-
1,110
759
- 977 (8%)
- 493.8 (4.3%)
-
923
Table No. 2.35
EXTENT OF WORLD RUBBER PLANTATION
'000 Ha
Country
Brazil
Guatemala
Mexico
Cameroon
Ivory Coast
Gabon
Ghana
Liberia
Nigeria
Congo
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Papua N.G.
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Vietnam
TOTAL
Year
2011
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2010
1999
2011
1999
2009
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2011
2007
2012
2012
2011
2012
Total
184.5
90.0
14.0
52.0
190.0
28.5
16.9
108.9
182.0
35.0
40.8
280.3
1,110.0
759.0
3,484.0
1,041.0
504.7
24.5
178.6
130.8
2,761.0
910.5
12,127.0
Source : International Rubber Study Group (IRSG)
Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC)
139
140
785
9,690
599
796
856
World Total
9,827
10,065
10,128
Source : International Rubber Study Group (IRSG)
Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC)
820
2,440
856
98
137
3,164
711
644
34
8,905
2009
60
129
112
81
45
203
156
121
116
89
79
42
183
167
94
108
73
65
41
178
39
881
2,751
1,072
103
129
3,090
660
548
37
9,272
2008
85
123
93
83
49
194
229
811
2,755
1,200
101
118
3,056
606
590
33
9,269
853
2,637
1,284
88
109
3,137
555
533
32
9,229
1. India
2. Indonesia
3. Malaysia
4. Philippines
5. Sri Lanka
6. Thailand
7. Vietnam
8. China
9 Cambodia
ANRPC Member Countries Total
Other Countries
10. Liberia
11. Brazil
12. Myanmar
13. Guatemala
14. Nigeria
15. Ivory Coast
17. Other
Non ANRPC Countries Total
2007
2006
Country
WORLD RUBBER PRODUCTION
895
10,406
62
136
120
83
54
232
208
851
2,736
939
99
153
3,252
752
687
42
9,511
2010
936
11,261
65
166
128
89
55
234
200
893
3,013
996
106
158
3,569
812
727
51
10,325
2011
977
11,623
64
172
136
95
56
254
200
919
3,040
923
111
152
3,778
864
795
65
10,647
Mn kg
2012
Table No. 2.36
141
'000 mt
Kg/ha
2. NR Production
3. Average Annual Yield to
tapped area
4. Annual growth rate of
production
5. NR Consupmtion
6. NR Gross Export
7. NR Gross Import
8. Area Planted
New Planted
Replanted
60
0
38.0
2.2
27.5
280.0
55.0
65.0
1,166
3,834
14.0
3,368
40
25
9.4
1,110
640
795
1,242
Cambodia China
Source : Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC)
'000 mt
'000mt
'000mt
'000 ha
'000 ha
%
'000 ha
Unit
Total Area
Tapped Area
1. Area
Item
988
15
251.0
24
17
2.9
759
504
919
1,823
India
502
2,532
27.0
10
50
0.9
3,484
2,814
3,040
1,159
Indonesia
459
1,344
871.4
17
37
-7.3
1,041
631
923
1,462
72
39
0.1
19
0.9
4.7
179
84
111
1,324
110
36.6
15.7
3.5
4.3
-3.8
131
104
152
1,459
Mala- Phillip- Sri
ysia
pines Lanka
KEY RUBBER INDICATORS OF ANRPC MEMBERS - 2012
505
3,121
3.5
-
5.9
2,761
1,985
3,778
1,903
Thailand
150
1,023
302.0
79
12
6.4
911
506
864
1,707
Vietnam
Table No. 2.37
World Rubber Extent & Production
(Reference to Table No. 2.35, 2.36 & 2.37)
At present total extent of World rubber plantation stands at 12,127,000 hectares. Out of this extent 10,655,000 ha or 88 % belongs to 9 ANRPC member
countries in Asia. The extent of rubber in rest of the World (non ANRPC
countries in Asia, Africa & America) is about 1,472,000 hectares or 12% of the
World total. Although data coverage is not comprehensive around 80% of
the extent came under the smallholding sector while 20% was in estate sector
representing the large scale plantations with the ownership of State or private sector companies. Out of total rubber extent (10,655,000 ha) of ANRPC
countries, 69% or 7,323,000 ha was at matured (tapped area) stage from which
NR production of 10,647,000 mt is realized at present. Thus, in 2012 average
yield was recorded at 1,454 kg per hectare/ year while varying yield level
range (1,159 - 1,903 kg per ha) is recorded for individual countries.
Despite total world rubber production increased since 2006 to 2011 (with
exception in 2009) at an average annual growth of 2.4 %, in 2012 it grew at a
high rate of 3.2%. The growth of ANRPC member countries alone averaged
2% during the period of 2006-2011, and in 2012 the growth was remarkable as
high as 3.7%. With regard to ANRPC member countries Thailand, Indonesia,
Malaysia, India, Vietnam and China are the major producers ranked in order
for the period between 2005 and 2012. Among non ANRPC countries major
share of rubber production comes from Brazil, Ivory Coast and Myanmar
throughout. Total production of this group of countries increased from 599
mn kg in 2006 to 977 mn kg in 2012 by 63% while annual average growth of
production recorded was 9% which is much higher than ANRPC.
Key rubber indicators as given in table 2.37 highlighted that the highest
yield was recorded for Thailand (1,903 kg/ha) followed by India & Vietnam in
2012. In ANRPC group the NR consumption out of ANRPC production was
62% leaving the balance for export, at present. The formula on NR Production, plus import, minus export, equal to consumption adjusting with stock
almost tallied in respect of cumulative parameter values for ANRPC in 2012.
Total area replanted of ANRPC stood at the rate of 2% of tapped area in 2012
while new planted area was 2.2% of total rubber extent.
142
ESTATE SECTOR
143
144
145
Hapugastenne
Watawala
Balangoda
Kahawatte
Bogawantalawa
Malwatte Valley
Maskeliya
Agalawatte
Talawakele
Kelani Valley
Horana
Agarapatana
Maturata
Elpitiya
Madulsima
Kegalle
Pussellawa
Kotagala
Namunukula
Udapussellawa
Chilaw Pl Ltd
Kurunegala Pl Ltd
Elkaduwa Pl Ltd
JEDB
SLSPC
Total
Source:- RPCs, State Plantations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
RPCs & State Agency
19
20
23
16
27
23
18
15
16
27
16
21
19
13
12
17
24
22
19
7
8
10
10
17
12
431
2011
20
19
22
16
28
23
18
15
14
26
16
21
19
13
12
17
24
21
19
7
8
9
11
17
12
427
2012
No. of Estates
9,234
11,161
9,399
9,096
12,903
9,519
10,277
7,697
5,132
9,231
4,875
7,832
6,692
6,148
5,393
7,335
9,002
8,798
7,095
2,815
5,297
4,637
2,719
6,181
6,168
184,637
4,998
7,111
5,674
5,334
8,018
6,891
5,534
5,895
3,992
6,598
3,881
6,395
5,549
4,354
3,766
5,599
5,383
5,816
5,686
2,269
3,756
3,785
1,969
4,234
3,020
125,507
535
647
572
511
775
552
650
473
450
707
432
684
544
370
486
499
636
663
404
248
185
240
179
370
272
12,084
2011
2012
615
723
601
618
716
487
726
466
466
696
469
769
609
360
450
356
714
702
377
257
127
189
128
389
320
12,330
Staff
8,669
11,427
10,590
7,767
14,484
10,709
13,348
7,525
10,324
13,935
7,562
14,232
9,207
6,589
8,693
7,165
9,074
10,632
6,932
4,017
820
1,259
1,901
5,807
4,567
207,235
7,833
11,039
10,032
7,009
13,067
9,839
12,602
7,108
9,386
12,711
7,552
12,796
8,925
6,429
7,978
6,609
8,812
9,831
6,797
3,813
791
939
1,758
5,482
4,274
193,412
2012
Table No. 3.1
Labour
2011
STATE PLANTATIONS (2011 - 2012)
Extent Bearing
Ha
2011
2012
9,106
5,623
10,307
7,285
7,180
7,653
9,108
5,592
11,527
7,927
9,232
6,970
7,450
5,512
8,295
5,727
4,995
3,961
9,787
7,101
4,950
3,994
6,666
6,391
6,312
5,367
6,080
4,394
5,375
3,781
7,608
5,894
9,149
5,434
9,160
6,044
8,196
6,024
2,787
2,226
5,953
4,724
4,888
3,669
2,437
1,975
4,524
4,456
4,043
4,884
175,115 132,608
Extent Cultivated
Ha
2011
2012
REGIONAL PLANTATION COMPANIES (RPCs) AND
146
418
411
408
407
401
401
409
388
401
401
400
RPCs
374
370
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
SLSPC
18
14
18
14
18
14
16
14
16
11
16
11
17
12
17
12
17
12
17
12
17
12
State Plantations
57
57
JEDB
180,410
176,399
173,518
174,593
166,150
163,231
166,137
156,765
165,785
165,242
164,659
RPCs
159,635
153,270
RPCs
SLSPC
6,461
7,812
6,445
7,803
6,443
7,697
5,670
6,058
5,163
5,813
5,159
6,629
6,820
6,624
6,300
6,585
6,215
6,567
6,236
6,614
6,087
3,710
State Plantations
25,002
21,845
JEDB
Extent Cultivated
134,120
130,555
128,257
127,244
118,710
124,581
122,691
118,559
123,060
121,580
121,001
RPCs
112,900
108,743
RPCs
Land extent in Hectare
Source:- RPCs, JEDB and SLSPC
Note: The RPC Category includes 3 Plantations Limited of Chilaw, Kurunegala and Elkaduwa
2011
2012
RPCs
Year
No. of Estates
SLSPC
4,481
4,814
4,471
4,888
4,472
4,806
4,219
3,788
4,307
3,639
4,300
4,011
4,667
4,059
4,799
4,025
4,787
3,997
4,811
3,075
4,311
3,620
State Plantations
19,708
16,764
JEDB
Extent in Bearing
LAND UTILIZATION IN REGIONAL PLANTATION COMPANIES AND JEDB, SLSPC
Table No. 3.2
147
14,260
13,813
13,491
13,249
13,406
13,279
12,811
12,129
12,288
12,162
12,446
RPCs
10,838
11,177
RPCs
SLSPC
451
479
427
466
467
479
478
395
446
366
376
393
430
404
416
363
393
331
375
317
375
256
State Plantations
1,246
1,153
JEDB
261,417
255,226
249,807
239,902
236,527
233,046
231,845
218,130
217,035
200,439
202,204
RPCs
192,881
180,168
RPCs
SLSPC
8,258
8,211
8,290
8,483
8,113
8,180
7,322
6,799
7,953
6,560
6,917
6,515
6,684
6,152
6,402
5,607
6,055
5,564
5,693
5,424
5,810
4,812
State Plantations
14,354
13,244
JEDB
Labour Force
Table No. 3.3
380.00
380.00
115.25
121.00
121.00
121.00
135.00
135.00
170.00
200.00
285.00
285.00
285.00
Daily
Wage
30.00
30.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
Price
Share
105.00
105.00
25.00
70.00
70.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
Incentive
515.00
515.00
115.25
121.00
121.00
121.00
135.00
180.00
260.00
290.00
405.00
405.00
405.00
Total
Labour Wage Rates for Male and
Female Pertaining to Tea and Rubber (Rs)
Source: RPCs, JEDB & SLSPC Planters' Association of Ceylon
Note: Chilaw Pl Ltd., Kurunegala Pl Ltd., Elkaduwa Pl Ltd., JEDB & SLSPC under State Plantations
2011
2012
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
Staff
STAFF, LABOUR FORCE AND WAGE RATE FOR RPCs, JEDB AND SLSPC 2000 - 2012
Crop Extent & Strength of Labour Force in Estate Sector
(Reference to Table No. 3.1, 3.2 & 3.3)
In the management point of view, Estate Sector comprises of 20 Regional
Plantation Companies (RPCs) & 7 State Institutions namely state owned
plantations of Chilaw, Kurunegala, Elkaduwa; Janatha Estate Development
Board (JEDB), Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation (SLSPC) and TRI, RRI
who manage own estates for research purposes. Cropwise estate sector
consists of Tea, rubber, forestry as major crops and coconut, oil palm with
reasonable extent in addition to small extents of other crops such as cinnamon,
cashew, spices, fruits etc.
Since early 1990s after privatization of State Plantations, RPCs possessed
about 375 estates while number of estates owned by JEDB & SLSPC were 17
and 12 respectively. Throughout, 28 estates belonged to Chilaw, Kurunegala
& Elkaduwa Plantations while TRI & RRI managed 2 estates each affiliated to
their research stations. As per disaggregated data given in table 3.2 the extent
cultivated in RPCs & State Plantations gradually declined since 2000 by
about 20,000 ha at present due to various reasons. Extent cultivated in JEDB
& SLSPC averaged to 6,200 ha each in the decade. The extent bearing (matured
or being harvested) of RPCs declined in the decade from 134,000 ha in 2000 to
108,700 ha in 2012. Bearing extent coming under the JEDB & SLSPC was
around 4,500 ha on an annual average for the decade. Compared to previous
year, in 2012 the extent cultivated and extent matured in estate sector showed
a decrease of 5% & 5.4% respectively. However, this may be compromised
due to some inconsistencies prevailed in the source of data in terms of
definition, coverage and accuracy.
In view of the strength of staff and labour force are concerned, in respect
of 20 RPCs the number of staff declined over the decade from 14,200 to 12,400
in 2010. In 2012 the number of staff increased marginally compared to the year
2011. As per disaggregated data provided in table 3.3, labour force in RPCs
gradually declined from 261,400 in 2000 to 180,168 in 2012 by 31% which is a
remarkable amount. This reduction is very prominent for JEDB & SLSPC by
30% and 44% in the same period respectively. The labour wage rate which
prevailed at Rs. 115.25 in 2000 increased up to Rs.515 in 2011 & 2012 by 348%
has created long term sustainability to the industry.
148
149
Hapugastenne
Watawala
Balangoda
Kahawatte
Bogawantalawa
Malwatte Valley
Maskeliya
Agalawatte
Talawakele
Kelani Valley
Horana
Agarapatana
Maturata
Elpitiya
Madulsima
Kegalle
Pussellawa
Kotagala
Namunukula
Udapussellawa
Chilaw Pl Ltd
Kurunegala Pl Ltd
Elkaduwa Pl Ltd
JEDB
SLSPC
TRI
RRI
Total
Source:- RPCs, State Plantations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
RPCs & State Agency
5,000
5,976
4,723
3,851
4,102
5,040
5,853
1,491
4,210
3,914
2,283
6,683
4,925
2,612
3,832
1,367
2,736
2,598
2,580
2,151
1,292
3,987
4,022
212
85,440
2011
Tea
4,343
4,454
4,449
3,825
3,985
5,026
5,836
1,503
3,962
3,879
2,183
6,616
4,872
2,580
3,802
1,358
2,750
2,672
2,505
2,084
1,288
3,927
3,954
212
82,065
2012
1,523
1,244
2,410
2,216
5,803
3,170
28
4,414
202
4,597
2,284
603
1,395
53
5,328
4,700
4,527
2,365
81
220
355
597
70
330
48,516
2011
2012
1,890
722
2,731
2,284
5,815
3,137
44
4,857
257
4,639
2,314
50
683
1,410
81
5,246
4,848
4,455
2,252
92
247
354
597
70
323
49,398
Rubber
31
31
46
477
9
51
33
124
33
465
114
11
356
165
4,442
4,189
337
2
10,915
2011
451
114
11
326
165
4,442
4,179
342
10,873
31
10
61
67
472
33
9
127
33
2012
Coconut
2,674
1,159
1,163
119
1,442
58
6,615
2011
3,071
1,301
1,210
583
1,598
19
7,782
2012
Oil Palm
2,459
1,226
658
2,704
1,430
1,165
2,228
428
720
669
275
1,028
1,016
846
1,489
1,452
1,111
780
267
10
304
723
748
23,737
2011
Table No. 3.4
5
23,903
748
298
426
801
1,478
287
1,437
1,110
1,305
446
10
2,841
1,773
831
2,755
1,252
1,705
1,526
428
775
1,269
402
221
1,609
280
1
75
30
196
121
22
82
20
425
241
166
151
850
378
136
157
1,293
6,454
2011
203
47
14
266
248
213
1,500
462
155
1,293
3
5,512
441
177
2
200
44
196
51
2012
Hectares
Other Crops
2012
Forestry
EXTENT CULTIVATED IN RPCs AND STATE PLANTATIONS 2010 AND 2011
150
Hapugastenne
Watawala
Balangoda
Kahawatte
Bogawantalawa
Malwatte Valley
Maskeliya
Agalawatte
Talawakele
Kelani Valley
Horana
Agarapatana
Maturata
Elpitiya
Madulsima
Kegalle
Pussellawa
Kotagala
Namunukula
Udapussellawa
Chilaw Pl Ltd.
Kurunegala Pl Ltd.
Elkaduwa Pl Ltd.
JEDB
SLSPC
TRI
RRI
Total
4,627
4,334
4,674
3,697
3,775
5,001
5,512
1,440
3,775
3,749
2,214
6,361
4,847
2,546
3,762
1,286
2,587
2,456
2,541
2,014
1,278
3,936
*3928
185
80,525
2011
Source:- RPCs & State Plantations
* Contract plucking extent 578 ha. included
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
RPCs & State Agency
Tea
3,976
4,357
4,339
3,618
3,775
4,992
5,534
1,422
3,807
3,435
2,116
6,396
4,832
2,509
3,756
1,272
2,564
2,456
2,476
2,056
1,288
3,927
3,954
212
79,069
2012
996
1,046
1,370
1,575
3,895
1,899
3,331
185
3,302
1,749
396
997
5
3,764
2,747
3,345
2,013
76
191
287
363
65
251
33,848
2011
1,022
687
1,275
1,575
3,811
1,899
3,340
185
3,163
1,726
390
992
5
3,563
2,706
3,360
1,898
76
188
302
363
65
246
32,837
2012
Rubber
25
46
450
9
51
32
124
33
419
100
11
227
137
3,900
3,478
267
2
9,311
2011
5
-
251
137
3,756
3,403
267
8,941
408
113
127
33
9
432
2012
Coconut
1,875
947
785
1,106
58
4,771
2011
1,910
947
781
1,061
19
4,718
2012
Oil Palm
EXTENT IN BEARING OF RPCs & STATE PLANTATIONS 2011 & 2012
1,608
273
62
75
30
33
13
425
232
138
824
378
106
157
831
5,185
2011
199
37
5
266
195
123
3
1,044
177
39
2012
Hectares
Other Crops
Table No. 3.5
Extent Cultivated & Extent in Bearing in Estate Sector
(Reference to Table No. 3.4 & 3.5)
As per disaggregated data given in the two tables, cultivated and bearing
(matured) extent under each RPCs and State Plantation Agencies is assessed
in respect of main crops for current year and 2011. While tea cultivated extent
has declined by 3,375 ha in 2012, extent in bearing was also declined by 1,458
ha in 2012. However, matured extent to tea cultivated extent were at high rate
i.e. 94% and 96% in 2011 & 2012 respectively, which is within the acceptable
norms.
In 2012, rubber cultivated extent was 49,398 ha which is a 1.8% increase
over the previous year. However, matured extent was below 1000 ha the same
of 2011. As a result in 2012 the percentage of mature extent of the cultivated
area further declined from 70% to 66%. Compared to maturity rate in tea
immature share of rubber is substantial and it affects production level and
yield parameter.
No significant difference is visible of coconut cultivated area between
2011 & 2012 while bearing (mature) extent reported 370 ha less in current year.
As a result, the maturity ratio of coconut extent declined from 85% to 82% in
2012. This is in between the percentage prevailed for tea & rubber. Oil palm
cultivated hectarage increased by 1,167 ha in 2012 over the previous year.
However, no increase has taken place on mature extent. At present matured
percentage of cultivated area is 61% while it was 72% in 2011. This is due to
rapid growth of immature plantation & sluggish growth of matured extent.
In 2012, the extent under forestry (timber, fuel wood and forest reserve)
stood at 3rd place next to tea and rubber reporting 23,903 ha under estate
sector. In previous year extent reported was 23,737 ha. For "Other Crops"
category in estate sector, extent cultivated in 2012 was 5,512 ha. while it was
6,454 ha. in 2011. The percentage prevailing for bearing (mature) extent to
cultivated extent in respect of all crops is 81% at present.
151
Table No. 3.6
TEA & RUBBER REPLANTED & NEWPLANTED AREA
BY RPCs, JEDB & SLSPC
Hectares
Extent
Replanted Tea
Year
RPCs
Extent
Replanted Rubber
JEDB SLSPC
RPCs
Extent new
planted
Tea
JEDB SLSPC
RPCs
Extent
new
planted
Rubber
RPCs
2000
793
63
24
3,045
-
-
9
34
2001
2,421
19
6
4,584
-
-
9
14
2002
359
10
11
2,031
35
-
12
9
2003
344
4
1
452
42
-
11
7
2004
306
-
3
1,199
65
-
7
5
2005
398
-
-
2,329
-
-
7
11
2006
389
-
-
3,231
-
-
4
297
2007
454
-
-
4,199
-
-
3
333
2008
544
28
-
5,293
-
-
-
306
2009
640
9
3
5,309
41
10
-
74
2010
819
7
10
4,717
39
-
3
96
RPCs
1,882
State
Plantations
45
2,087
39
RPCs
2011
977
State
Plantations
102
2012
813
82
RPCs
10
State
Plantations
761
1,086
Source:- RPCs, SLSPC & JEDB
Note: Chilaw Pl Ltd., Kurunegala Pl Ltd., Elkaduwa Pl Ltd., JEDB & SLSPC under
State Plantations
152
153
No. of
Estates
Extent
Cultivate
RPCs
1 Hapugastenne
17
4,343
2 Watawala
17
4,454
3 Balangoda
23
4,449
4 Kahawatte
16
3,825
5 Bogawantalawa
11
3,985
6 Malwatte Valley
17
5,026
7 Maskeliya
18
5,836
8 Agalawatte
7
1,503
9 Talawakelle
16
3,962
10 Kelani Valley
23
3,879
11 Horana
10
2,183
12 Agarapatana
21
6,616
13 Maturata
19
4,872
14 Elpitiya
11
2,580
15 Madulsima
12
3,802
16 Kegalle
6
1,358
17 Pussellawa
16
2,750
18 Kotagala
10
2,672
19 Namunukula
10
2,505
20 Udapussellawa
6
2,084
RPCs Total
286
72,684
State Agencies
1 Elkaduwa Pl.Ltd
6
1,288
2 JEDB
16
3,927
3 SLSPC
11
3,954
4 TRI
2
212
State Total
35
9,381
Total
321
82,065
* Contract plucking extent 578 ha. included
Source : RPCs, Planters' Association, State Plantations
RPCs & State Agency
2,192
2,648
1,870
2,250
2,395
1,570
2,989
935
2,478
2,251
1,391
2,176
1,878
1,472
1,624
492
1,639
2,162
909
1,026
36,347
473
1,200
1,137
182
2,992
39,339
804
2,672
1,799
2
5,277
38,678
VP
1,784
1,709
2,529
1,368
1,380
3,422
2,545
487
1,329
1,184
725
4,220
2,954
1,037
2,132
780
925
294
1,567
1,030
33,401
Seedling
Bearing extent
1,277
3,872
*2,936
184
8,269
78,016
3,976
4,356
4,399
3,618
3,775
4,992
5,534
1,422
3,807
3,435
2,116
6,396
4,832
2,509
3,756
1,272
2,564
2,456
2,476
2,056
69,747
Total
11
55
1,018
28
1,112
4,248
367
97
50
207
210
34
502
81
155
444
67
220
40
71
46
86
186
216
29
28
3,136
Immature
extent
TEA EXTENT IN ESTATE SECTOR - 2012
RPCs & STATE PLANTATIONS
2
78
2
82
895
6
1
31
37
184
3
313
78
15
23
17
31
14
6
26
17
2
9
813
Replanting
extent
6
6
16
10
10
New
planting
extend
4
11
12
3
30
285
255
16
33
20
27
18
2
22
12
9
13
15
11
8
6
13
19
11
-
Hectares
Nursery
extent
Table No. 3.7
Table No. 3.8
TEA PRODUCTION IN ESTATE SECTOR - 2012
(RPCS & STATE PLANTATIONS )
RPCs &
State Agency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Mature
Production (MT)
Extent Estate
Bought Total
(hectare) Leaf
Leaf
RPCS
Hapugastenne
3,976
Watawala
4,356
Balangoda
4,399
Kahawatte
3,618
Bogawantalawa
3,775
Malwatte Valley
4,992
Maskeliya
5,534
Agalawatte
1,422
Talawakelle
3,807
Kalani Valley
3,435
Horana
2,116
Agarapatana
6,396
Maturata
4,832
Elpitiya
2,509
Madulsima
3,756
Kegalle
1,272
Pusellawa
2,564
Kotagala
2,456
Namunukula
2,476
Udapusellawa
2,056
Sub Total/Average 69,747
STATE AGENCY
Elkaduwa Pl Ltd.
1,277
JEDB
3,872
SLSPC
2,936
TRI
184
Sub Total/Average 8,269
GRAND TOTAL 78,016
Source:
Estate
Yeild
kg/ha
Company Level
COP
NSA
Rs/kg
Rs/kg
4,243
6,069
4,050
3,197
5,775
3,903
8,177
1,774
6,033
5,922
3,456
7,874
5,067
4,058
3,996
1,317
3,534
5,273
1,780
2,659
88,157
3,059
7,302
3,209
9,278
2,803
6,853
2,887
6,084
2,537
8,312
551
4,454
661
8,838
689
2,463
1,622
7,655
957
6,879
435
3,891
372
8,246
1,187
6,254
991
5,049
924
4,920
934
2,251
2,901
6,435
1,188
6,461
1,747
3,527
1,010
3,669
30,664 118,821
1,067
1,393
921
884
1,530
782
1,478
1,248
1,585
1,724
1,633
1,231
1,049
1,617
1,064
1,035
1,378
2,147
719
1,293
1,264
384.61
390.56
361.73
400.13
395.86
376.45
330.50
378.87
392.10
369.98
371.08
391.60
351.50
380.31
391.60
423.94
374.44
358.61
363.02
348.69
375.96
360.05
392.12
376.76
416.21
389.84
412.96
388.87
363.60
410.73
388.45
415.31
388.58
371.46
381.47
361.19
355.27
380.76
381.97
308.17
345.22
383.16
2,527
2,228
2,102
338
7,195
95,352
2,527
2,228
2,102
322
660
322
7,517
30,986 126,338
1,979
575
716
1,838
870
1,222
375.94
373.18
345.69
387.91
366.92
371.44
249.07
276.26
285.93
455.36
278.90
331.03
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs ) & State Institutions
154
TRI
SL SPC
JED B
N a m u n u ku la
Ko ta g a la
Ke g a lle
M a d u lsim a
Elp itiya
M a tu ra ta
Ag a ra p a ta n a
H o ra n a
Ka la n i Va lle y
RPCs & State Agencies
Pu se lla w a
M a ske liya
M a lw a tte Va lle y
Bo g a w a n ta la w a
Ba la n g o d a
W a ta w a la
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
9,000
8,000
Estate & Bought Tea Production (MnKg)
10,000
H a p u g a ste n n e
155
Source : RPCs & State Agencies
Ag a la w a tte
Estate
T a la w a ke lle
Ka h a w a tte
Chart 9
Bought Leaf
U d a p u se lla w a
Leaf
TEA PRODUCTION OF RPCs & STATE AGENCIES- 2012
Elka d u w a Pl L td .
156
157
89,843
89,191
87,592
85,318
83,336
86,880
89,334
82,513
84,181
80,833
76,534
RPCs
75,927
72,684
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
SLSPC
4,654
5,067
4,641
5,050
4,638
4,942
4,323
3,881
4,307
3,741
4,300
4,108
4,261
3,992
4,177
4,062
3,930
3,997
4,173
3,618
4,001
3,584
State Plantations
9,513
9,381
JEDB
State
80,374
81,721
79,264
78,606
78,774
78,027
78,572
70,346
73,862
72,955
72,741
RPCs
71,198
69,747
RPCs
SLSPC
4,522
4,828
4,471
4,888
4,472
4,806
4,219
3,788
4,237
3,639
4,240
4,011
4,209
3,949
4,137
4,025
4,147
3,997
4,146
3,523
3,949
3,495
State Plantations
9,327
8,269
JEDB
State
149.7
147.5
149.7
145.0
135.0
143.5
135.3
123.6
129.7
109.9
126.5
RPCs
122.9
118.8
RPCs
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.3
3.1
3.7
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.0
State Plantations
5.9
7.5
JEDB SLSPC
State
(mn kg)
Tea Production
Source : Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State Plantations
Note : Chilaw Pl Ltd., Kurunegala Pl Ltd., Elkaduwa Pl Ltd., JEDB & SLSPC under State Plantations
2011
2012
RPCs
(Ha)
(Ha)
Year
Extent in Bearing
Extent Cultivate
JEDB
SLSPC
State
(kg/Ha)
1,491
950
920
1,441
889
896
1,450
843
887
1,413
714
867
1,311
579
784
1,392
647
707
1,312
565
670
1,283
581
669
1,357
686
769
1,506
517
591
1,284
587
583
RPCs State Plantations
1,276
586
1,264
870
RPCs
Average Tea Yeild
TEA EXTENT, PRODUCTION & YEILD IN ESTATE SECTOR (RPCs & STATE)
Table No 3.9
Tea Extent, Production & Productivity - Estate Sector
(Reference to Table No. 3.7, 3.8 & 3.9)
The Estate sector (RPCs & State Plantations), 95% of tea extent is matured
(bearing) area out of cultivated tea lands at present. This percentage is quite
low (88%) in State Plantations. Total mature extent consists of 38,678 ha
(49%) seedling teas & 39,339 ha (50%) VP teas. Seedling tea extent is much
higher (64%) for State Plantations compared to RPCs. Out of immature tea
extent of 4,248 ha in Estate sector shares 24% or 1,018 ha which is substantial.
In 2012, 813 ha or 1.2 % replanting rate was shown in RPCs while new planting
was reported only 10 ha of extent. In estate sector the extent of tea nurseries
which were maintained was 285 ha as per the table 3.7.
In 2012, estate leaf (Own Leaf) production of RPCs recorded was 88.2 mn
kg and corresponding average yield level calculated was 1,264 kg per hectare.
The yield for State Institutions remained as low as 870 kg per hectare and
thus overall for estate sector it was 1,222 kg per hectare calculated on 78,016
ha of mature extent. RPCs tea production was not only based on own leaf but
also on a fairly high volume of bought leaf (26% of total) mainly from
smallholders. State Plantations entirely depend on own leaf (96%) for the
production of made tea. Eight RPCs run at Cost of Production (COP) below
the Net Sales Average (NSA) in the range of Rs. 3 to Rs. 65 per kilogram of
made tea calculated at company/ head office level. With exception of Tea
Research Institute, State institutions produce tea unprofitably due to its'
COP values are greater than the NSA values. In the table 3.8 under each RPC
and State institution yield and profitability is enumerated.
As per table 3.9 disaggregated data highlights the declining trend of mature extent for RPCs and main State agencies such as JEDB & SLSPC since
2000. Yield calculated for own (estate) leaf also declined in parallel to same
trend in tea production. In addition to JEDB & SLSPC two State agencies i.e.
Elkaduwa Pl. Ltd and TRI are included as State agencies in the years 2011 &
2012. Further overall Estate Sector tea yield (1,222 kg/ha) is far below the
national tea yield remaining at present.
158
Table No. 3.10
RUBBER EXTENT IN ESTATE SECTOR - 2012
RPCs & STATE PLANTATIONS
Hectares
RPCs & State
Agency
RPCs
1. Hapugastenne
No.
Extent
of Cultivate
Estates
Mature Immature
Re
New Nursery Aban(Tapping) Extent Planting Plan- Extent dond
Extent
ting
Extent
135
47,844
31,764
16,052
7
1,890
1,022
868
2,087 1,086
194
43
260
235
8
-
2. Watawala
4
722
687
35
-
-
2
-
3. Balangoda
8
2,731
1,275
1,456
111
361
26
9
4. Kahawatte
8
2,284
1,575
709
120
-
13
-
5. Bogawantalawa
16
5,815
3,811
2,004
190
331
15
-
6. Malwatte Valley
6
3,137
1,899
1,238
31
-
12
-
7. Maskeliya
-
44
44
-
16
-
-
8. Agalawatte
8
4,857
3,340
1,517
215
-
29
-
9. Talawakelle
2
257
185
72
26
-
-
-
10. Kelani Valley
13
4,639
3,163
1,449
320
-
26
-
7
2,314
1,726
588
113
-
18
203
11. Horana
12. Agarapathana
-
50
-
50
-
-
-
-
12. Maturata
4
683
390
293
-
293
3
23
13. Elpitiya
7
1,410
992
418
45
-
6
-
14. Madulsima
-
81
6
75
-
39
3
-
15. Kegalle
12
5,246
3,653
1,593
225
-
29
-
16. Pussellawa
12
4,848
2,706
2,142
301
-
21
-
17. Kotagala
12
4,492
3,360
1,132
127
-
36
-
8
2,252
1,898
353
64
-
13
-
18. Namunukula
19. Udapussellawa
1
92
76
16
5
3
-
-
State Agencies
9
1,591
1,164
426
39
0
21
144
Kurunegala Pl.Ltd
3
247
188
58
-
-
-
-
Elkaduwa Pl.Ltd
2
354
302
52
-
-
-
90
JEDB
1
597
363
234
33
-
8
33
SLSPC
1
70
65
5
-
-
-
21
6
-
13
-
2,126 1,086
281
379
RRI
Total
2
323
246
77
144
49,435
32,928
16,478
Source : RPCs, Planters' Association & State Agencies
159
13 - CM17140
160
4,214
841
1,202
2,171
0
4,214
1,864
518
302
121
50
132
256
123
143
219
44
44
1,908
Centrifuged
RPCs
31,764
8,126
10,525
1. Hapugastenne
1,022
2. Watawala
687
584
3. Balangoda
1,275
378
4. Kahawatte
1,575
668
5. Bogawantalawa
3,811
3,263
6. Malwatte Valley
1,899
216
137
7. Agalawatte
3,340
251
2,204
8. Talawakelle
185
109
9. Kelani Valley
3,163
1,049
318
10. Horana
1,726
1,281
11. Maturata
390
201
12. Elpitiya
992
13. Madulsima
6
14. Kegalle
3,653
1,581
15. Pussellawa
2,706
882
1,700
16. Kotagala
3,360
330
2,212
17. Namunukula
1,898
134
1,120
18. Udapussellawa
76
31
Average
State Agencies
1,164
132
148
Kurunegala Pl.Ltd
188
Elkaduwa Pl.Ltd
302
JEDB
363
SLSPC
65
32
RRI
246
100
148
Average
Grand Total
32,928
8,258
10,673
Source : RPCs , Planters' Association & State Agencies
Latex
RSS
Mature
Extent
(Ha.)
Crepe
RPCs & State Agency
2,391
0
-
280
112
37
384
221
246
146
1
96
124
328
143
273
2,391
Scrap
29,690
856
210
115
207
32
292
28,834
839
584
993
1,094
3,712
1,387
2,861
109
2,849
1,393
494
871
5
4,136
2,926
2,931
1,619
32
Total
RUBBER PRODUCTION BY ESTATE SECTOR - 2011
RPCS & STATE PLANTATIONS
Production (Mt.)
228.94
330.89
315.39
283.29
244.13
199.84
276.11
346.20
310.25
265.86
194.69
362.11
154.08
312.50
307.58
295.88
294.09
428.01
285.61
316.00
338.66
355.80
192.00
197.46
283.60
285.55
1,117
381
570
492
1,187
735
902
COP
(Rs/kg)
372.00
407.46
385.87
379.34
374.79
381.34
396.85
360.48
379.12
385.88
387.82
399.38
385.47
394.72
369.00
396.00
372.27
366.61
419.46
398.97
419.22
390.40
419.19
386.60
386.66
397.31
NSA
(Rs/kg)
Company Level
821
850
779
695
974
730
857
589
901
807
1,267
878
833
1,132
1,081
872
853
421
908
Yield
(kg/ha.)
Table No. 3.11
161
Source : RPCs & State Agencies
Chart 10
162
163
56,832
56,105
53,676
50,221
48,277
47,318
48,538
47,948
48,473
47,030
45,213
RPCs
46,943
47,844
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
SLSPC
1,822
1,823
1,823
623
1,822
1,822
97
1,822
65
1,873
65
555
67
State Plantations
1573
1591
JEDB
State
40,108
39,172
37,055
36,716
36,545
36,780
36,349
36,005
35,303
33,950
33,561
RPCs
32,691
31,764
RPCs
SLSPC
State
600
449
466
458
447
416
67
396
65
396
65
362
65
State Plantations
1157
1164
JEDB
(Ha)
Extent in Bearing
37.55
37.51
34.81
33.56
32.98
34.81
38.24
39.68
35.85
32.47
32.20
RPCs
30.68
28.83
RPCs
RPCs
SLSPC
747
1,017
802
695
704
755
244
708
889
542
824
777
772
State Plantations
806
735
JEDB
State
(kg/Ha)
Average Rubber Yeild
886
923
0.45
887
0.46
867
0.37
838
0.32
892
0.31
833
0.31
- 1,048
0.28
958
0.21
0.05
919
0.28
0.05
884
State Plantations RPCs
0.93
939
0.86
908
JEDB SLSPC
State
(mn kg)
Rubber Production
Source :Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State Plantations
Note :Kurunegala Pl Ltd., Elkaduwa Pl Ltd., JEDB , SLSPC & RRI come under State Plantations
2011
2012
RPCs
Year
(Ha)
Extent Cultivate
RUBBER EXTENT, PRODUCTION & YEILD IN ESTATE SECTOR (RPCs & STATE)
Table No 3.12
Rubber Extent, Production & Productivity - Estate Sector
(Reference to Table No. 3.10, 3.11 & 3.12)
Out of cultivated rubber lands in the island (49,435 ha), some 67% or 32,928 ha
of extent is in bearing or mature area in estate sector at present. Mature share
was 66% in RPCs while it was 73% for state agencies. In some RPCs immature
rubber extent reported was at a high rate. In 2012, replanted rubber extent was
2,087 ha with 4.4% replanting rate in RPCs which reflects a satisfactory level
due to the fact that the rate was above the accepted norm. New planting
extent was revealed as 1,086 ha, while maintaining 260 ha nursery extent
ensuring sufficient planting materials for RPCs re/new planting programs.
However, abandoned extent remained at 0.8% of the total extent cultivated
though abandoned land being cultivated extensively throughout the area.
In 2012, total rubber production in RPCs recorded was 28,834 mt and this
includes a small quantity of production from bought latex. The yield of RPCs
was calculated as 908 kg per hectare while for state institutions it was as low
as 735 kg per hectare. Among rubber production types in RPCs, Crepe volume
was 37% of total. While reporting RSS production as 1,864 mt, the production
of Latex and Centrifuged types together was quite substantial i.e. 12,350 mt
(43% of total). According to statistics total Crepe production (all types) in
RPCs is not more than 20,000 mt in 2012. This is questionable since total Latex
Crepe production reported was 36,550 mt along with smallholdings sector in
2012, where Crepes were not the predominant product of smallholders. Due
to attractive rubber prices prevailed in 2012, in RPCs on average NSA was
above the COP by about Rs. 111 per kg. Even for State Plantations, this
margin was Rs.97 per kg on average. However, this is 50% of margin prevailed
in the year 2011.
The table 3.12 shows improvement of State Plantations for the year 2011 &
2012. Three State agencies such as i.e. Kurunegala, Elkaduwa Plantations
Limited, RRI are included as State in addition to the JEDB & SLSPC. For the
current year the rubber yield in RPCs declined to 908 kg per hectare while
combined state institutions recorded 735 kg/ha which is lower than the reported
yield of the previous year.
164
Table No. 3.13
COCONUT EXTENT & PRODUCTION IN ESTATE SECTOR - 2012
RPCs & STATE PLANTATIONS
RPCs & State
Agency
Extent
Cultivate
(Ha)
RPCs
Extent
in
bearing
(Ha)
Total
Crop
‘000
Nuts
Average
Yield
Nuts/Ha.
COP
Rs/nut
NSA
Rs/nut
1,932
1,608
6,612
4,111
18.57
23.16
31
-
-
-
-
-
2 Watawala
10
5
-
-
-
-
3 Kahawatte
67
-
-
-
-
-
4 Bogawantalawa
472
432
2,566
5,940
21.91
25.23
5 Malwatta Valley
33
-
-
-
-
9
9
7
778
10.42
25.00
51
51
-
-
-
-
1 Hapugastenne
6 Agalawatte
7 Kelani Valley
8 Horana
9 Maturata
1 0 Elpitiya
33
32
-
-
-
-
127
127
303
2,382
19.37
23.30
33
33
54
1,641
10.39
19.61
1 1 Kegalle
451
408
1,763
4,321
15.01
21.53
1 2 Pussellawa
113
113
224
1,976
16.29
20.94
11
11
-
-
-
-
1 3 Kotagala
1 4 Namunukula
326
251
975
3,886
20.16
22.22
1 5 Udapussellawa
165
137
720
5,275
14.27
21.94
State Agencies
9,214
7,468
34,876
4,670
18.71
21.33
Chilaw Pl Ltd
4,442
3,756
15,508
4,129
19.80
20.91
Kurunegala Pl Ltd
4,179
3,403
18,103
5,320
17.94
21.69
Elkaduwa Pl Ltd
342
267
1,220
4,569
16.68
21.50
JEDB
251
42
45
1,064
10.19
17.24
-
-
-
-
-
-
11,146
9,076
41,488
4,571
18.69
21.62
SLSPC
Total / Average
Source : Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State Plantations
165
Table No. 3.14
COCONUT EXTENT & PRODUCTION IN ESTATE SECTOR
2000 - 2012
Year
Extent
Extent ProducYield
COP
NSA
Cultivated bearing
tion
(Nuts/Ha) (Rs/Nut) (Rs/Nut)
(Ha)
(Ha) (Mn Nuts)
Margin
(Rs/Nut)
2000
11,254
10,085
49
4,887
4.53
4.80
0.27
2001
11,200
9,904
44
4,502
4.13
7.28
3.15
2002
11,337
9,856
32
3,251
5.95
11.20
5.25
2003
12,507
9,634
36
3,720
6.15
8.88
2.73
2004
10,691
9,813
39
3,977
6.35
10.48
4.13
2005
10,799
9,628
32
3,177
8.59
12.35
3.76
2006
10,979
9,553
40
4,082
8.64
10.34
1.70
2007
10,334
9,553
40
4,203
11.91
16.18
4.27
2008
10,791
9,568
38
3,962
13.90
20.29
6.39
2009
10,855
9,601
41
4,501
13.37
16.10
2.73
2010
10,797
9,306
40
4,284
19.82
23.19
3.37
2011
10,914
9,309
37
3,977
17.91
26.09
8.18
2012
11,146
9,076
41
4,571
18.69
21.62
2.93
Source : Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State Plantations
166
Coconut Extent & Production in Estate Sector
(Reference to Table 3.14)
At present compared to total coconut extent and production in the country Estate sector share is 2.8% and 1.3% respectively which is negligible.
Coconut area both cultivated and matured extent has declined and reported
since 1995 in the estate sector. As a result of that coconut production and
yield per hectare also declined gradually. In 1995 estate sector nut production
was 48 million which has been dwindling to 37 million by 23% in 2011. However in 2012 the production has increased substantially up to 41.5 mn nuts.
Coconut extent and production is concerned, two state agencies i.e. Chilaw
Plantation Ltd and Kurunegala Plantation Ltd play a prominent in role in the
estate sector. These state institutions owned extent cultivated & matured
77% & 79%of total in the estate sector respectively. Further these 2 institutions are responsible for 81% of total production of coconut.
Out of 15 RPC of which coconut cultivation is maintained even in a reluctant manner, a few companies (Bogawanthalawa, Kegalla Namunukula,
Udapussellawa) produced 15% of total estate sector production in 2012.
Average yield per hectare in overall estate sector was 4,571 nuts per ha while
it was higher for state agencies as much as 4,670 nuts/ha in 2012. Average
COP was Rs. 18.69 per nut while NSA reported Rs.21.62 per nut leaving a
slight profit profit margin of Rs.3/- per nut which is not sufficient enough for
the sustainability. Other than two State Plantations (Chilaw & Kurunegala) all
other RPCs & institutions are displaying a declining trend of coconut cultivation & nut production in Estate Sector.
167
168
2012
2011
Source :
2011
2012
Elpitiya
2011 2012
Watawala
2011
0
159
0
172
Planters' Association of Ceylon
Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation (SLSPC)
-
2,786
1,770 2,475
0
0
319
6,274 7,294
0
0
55
0
0
75
19
19
0
289
2012
SLSPC
1,301 1,163 1,209 2,674 3,071 5 8
947
785
782 1,875 1,910 5 8
354
378
428
799 1,162
0
6,809 9,899 10,716 26,080 29,733 220
2012
Agalawatte
Total Extent (Ha)
1,442 1,597 1,159
Mature Extent (Ha)
1,106 1,061 947
Immature Extent (Ha)
336
536 209
Production (Mt)
13,984 14,088 8,125
Fresh Fruit Bunch
(FFB)
Production (Mt) of
3,636 3,663 2,031
Palm Oil (Crude &
Kernel)
New Planting (Ha)
3
Re-planting (Ha)
126
-
2011
Namunukula
Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State
OIL PALM EXTENT & PRODUCTION IN ESTATE SECTOR
119
-
-
119
118
-
2011
2011
2012
Total
217
-
-
122
298
0
217
478
14,471 15,588
583
6,615 7,780
4,771 4,719
583 1,839.4 3,063
- 58,308 61,635
2012
Kotagala
Table No. 3.15
169
Source : RPCs & State Agencies
Chart 11
170
Table No. 3.16
PRESENT STATUS OF EDIBLE OIL INDUSTRY
Unit
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Import of Palm Oil
Palm Olein
Crude Palm Oil
Palm Kernel & Stearin
mt 73,561 26,084 53,519 105,528 44,878
mt 30,114 20,750 15,299 19,300 12,593
mt 37,135 4,403 6,425 10,750 9,281
Oil Palm Cultivation
Total Extent
Mature Extent
Immature Extent
New Planting
Re Planting
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
5,408
4,517
825
-
5,625
4,582
982
257
-
6,211
4,761
1,450
181
-
6,615
4,771
1,840
122
298
7,780
4,719
3,063
217
478
Edible Oil Industry
Local Palm Oil Production
mt 12,985 13,508 12,729 14,471 15,588
(Crude & Kernel)
Cost of Production (average) Rs/Kg
47
55
n/a
n/a
n/a
Local Coconut Oil Production
mt 59,018 75,495 65,133 53,093 81,859
Total Edible Oil requirement
mt 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000
Source : Planters' Association
of Ceylon
Source : Planters' Association of Ceylon
171
Oil Palm Cultivation & Palm Oil Industry
(Reference to table 3.15 & 3.16)
At present Oil palm cultivation is confined mainly to RPCs while a small
extent is maintained under SLSPC. In 2008, oil palm cultivated extent with 4
RPCs (Agalawatte, Elpitiya, Namunukula & Watawala) and SLSPC stood at
5,408 ha. This has increased upto 6,615 ha in 2011 recording annual growth of
6% or total expansion of 1,200 hectarages. In alignment with Ministerial Policy
concluded in 2010 on expansion of oil palm cultivation up to 25,000 ha, the
RPCs alone are targeting to expand total extent cultivated from present level
to 10,000 ha by 2016. Mature extent of oil palm was 4,517 ha in 2008 and
expanded to 4,582 ha in 2009 and further to 4,761 in 2010. However, in 2012 it
was 4,719 ha recording a marginal decline.
In the current year, total cultivated extent was 7,780 ha which is a 1,165 ha
increase from previous year. Although mature extent remained stagnant
between 2011 & 2012 the increase of cultivated hectarage was occured due to
replanting and new planting process. In addition to new planting extent of
583 ha recorded for Kotagala RPC, other 4 RPCs undertook replanting of their
old Plantations in a gradual manner.
As presented in table 3.16 country demand for edible oil (including palm
oil and coconut oil mainly) is around 160,000 mt per annum for human
consumption and industrial use. As local coconut oil production is limited to
varying range of 35% to 50% the balance requirement needs to be provided
through palm oil. In 2012, imported palm oil quantity was around 66,752 mt
while locally produced coconut oil quantity was 81,859 mt. As edible oil
demand is not fulfilled by local coconut oil industry alone, palm oil import is
a continuous Phenomenon for edible and industrial oil need in the country.
The production of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) was around 61,635 mt in 2012.
The FFB were processed in two extraction plants owned by producing RPCs
and realized 24% of output as crude palm oil and Kernel oil. In 2012, produced
quantity was 15,588 mt which is 8 % higher than previous year. Extracted palm
oil is refined and graded in a few refineries located around Colombo for value
addition before exporting or sending to local market depending on prevailing
price structure.
172
Table No 3.17
FORESTRY EXTENT IN ESTATE SECTOR - 2012
Hectares
RPCs & State
Agencies
Timber
Extent
RPCs
Fuel
Wood
Extent
Reserve
Forest
Immature
Extent
New
Re
planting planting
5,527
8,078
4,344
4,666
340
157
1. Hapugastenne
555
1,145
1,141
478
78
7
2. Watawala
177
996
601
1,173
44
-
3. Balangoda
-
-
-
-
-
-
4. Kahawatte
1,161
658
419
658
-
37
552
424
275
32
12
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
7. Maskeliya
515
571
441
43
-
-
8. Agalawatte
75
353
-
112
112
-
9. Talawakelle
18
5. Bogawantalawa
6. Malwatte Valley
65
469
241
206
54
10. Kelani Valley
-
-
-
-
-
-
11. Horana
-
350
51
-
-
12
577
273
208
-
6
8
-
30
-
32
10
-
12. Agarapatana
13. Maturata
14. Elpitiya
63
738
68
237
-
40
15. Kegalle
47
165
74
-
-
-
16. Madulsima
50
1,428
-
445
-
-
17. Pussellawa
1,004
190
243
414
-
23
477
239
394
716
16
1
18. Kotagala
19. Namunukula
-
-
-
74
-
-
20. Udapussellawa
209
49
188
46
8
5
State Agencies
138
576
287
29
23
0
Chilaw PL Ltd
-
-
-
-
-
-
Elkaduwa PL Ltd
138
-
160
29
23
-
JEDB
-
576
127
-
-
-
SLSPC
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,665
8,654
4,631
4,695
363
157
TOTAL
Source : Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) & State Plantations
173
174
OTHER CROPS
175
176
Table No 4.1
TOTAL EXTENT UNDER CASHEW CULTIVATION BY DISTRICT
Hectares
District
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Matale
Polonnaruwa
Kandy
Badulla
Ampara
Monaragala
Hambantota
Ratnapura
Anuradhapura
Batticaloa
Mannar
Vavuniya
Trincomalee
Gampaha
Killinochchi
Total
Total
Extent
2011
Bearing
Extent
Total
Extent
2012
Bearing
Extent
8,170
6,179
1,022
440
140
1,071
1,014
1,098
1,107
416
3,204
1,086
170
209
404
907
431
6,127
4,634
766
330
105
803
760
824
830
312
2,403
814
128
157
303
680
323
12,631
9,655
1,909
973
201
1,722
1,859
1,775
1,804
558
5,858
1,981
325
353
965
1,165
843
9,473
7,241
1,431
730
151
1,291
1,394
1,331
1,353
418
1,393
1,486
244
265
728
874
632
27,068
20,299
44,940
30,707
Source : Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation
177
Table No. 4.2
CASHEW TOTAL EXTENT AND BEARING EXTENT
1996 - 2012
Hectares
Year
Total Extent
Bearing Extent
2000
29,136
17,584
2001
32,873
24,752
2002
34,503
25,728
2003
35,646
26,435
2004
37,167
28,641
2005
38,846
28,746
2006
40,506
29,974
2007
41,741
31,306
2008
45,441
34,140
2009
48,999
36,736
2010
22,708
17,031
2011
27,068
20,299
2012
44,940
33,707
Source : Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation
178
Table No. 4.3
CASHEW PRODUCTION AND YIELD 1996 - 2012
Year
Production
Mt
Average yield
Kg/Ha
2000
4,678
267
2001
6,197
250
2002
6,441
250
2003
8,319
315
2004
8,660
302
2005
9,036
314
2006
9,721
324
2007
11,655
371
2008
5,000
146*
2009
12,000
320
2010
8,000
470
2011
6,000
296
2012
10,000
312
* Severe yeild drop due to unexpected rains
Source: Sri Lnaka Cashew Corporation
179
180
181
Source : Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation
Chart 12
182
Table No. 4.4
CASHEW : KERNEL PRODUCTION AND DOMESTIC
CONSUMPTION
Metric Tons
Year
Kernel
Production
Domestic
Consumption
2000
935
843
2001
1,239
1,092
2002
1,288
1,145
2003
1,663
1,596
2004
1,732
1,544
2005
1,807
1,527
2006
1,944
1,744
2007
2,331
2,213
2008
1,000 *
2009
2,400
2,199
2010
1600 *
1,325
2011
1200 *
886
2012
2,000
*Yeild drop has affected
Source: Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation
183
791
1,854
Table No. 4.5
CASHEW : QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS
Year
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Quantity
Mt
1,281.4
309.0
92.5
147.1
142.9
66.2
187.2
279.5
170.0
117.5
208.9
201.1
275.0
314.4
145.7
Source: Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation
184
Value
Rs Mn
277.0
112.0
47.4
73.8
75.9
42.5
121.6
178.4
129.0
101.4
154.6
133.8
246.4
309.9
170.3
Table No. 4.6
STATISTICS OF THE SUGAR SECTOR
2011-2012
Item
1. Total Area under cane
(with ratoons)(c)
2. Area Harvested (c)
3. Cane Harvested (c)
4. Private Cane purchased
5. Quantity of Cane crushed
6. Average Yield (c)
7. Sugar Production
(without sweeping)
8. Sugar recovery rate (d)
Unit
2011(a)
2012(b)
Ha
6,992
9,187
Ha
Mn kg
Mn kg
Mn kg
Mt.Tons/Ha
Mn kg
6,024
290
172
440
45
35
7,034
348
112
432
56
36
%
7.9
8.2
(a) Revised
(b) Provisional
(c) Includes nucleus estates and the allottees.
(d) Recovery Rate
= Sugar produced x 100
Quantity of cane crushed
Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka : Annual Report
185
Table No 4.7
SUGAR CANE : EXTENT OF SMALL HOLDINGS
BY DISTRICT AND DS DIVISION - 2002
Distrcit
DS Division
Acres
Extent
Badulla
Meegahakivula
Soranathota
Passara
Lunugala
Badulla
Hali-Ela
Haldummulla
Sub Total
Moneragala
5.6
84.5
512.1
8.9
5.2
4.3
143.5
764.1
Bibila
Madulla
Medagama
Siyambalanduwa
Moneragala
Badallkumbura
Wellawaya
Buttala
Sevanagala
84.3
1,512.2
57.4
2,141.4
828.2
2,273.1
1,262.4
6,304.2
6,518.2
20,981.4
Damana
65.3
65.3
21,810.8
Sub Total
Ampara
Sub Total
Sri Lanka Total
Source : Agriculture Census - 2002
186
187
Unit
Mn.nuts
MnKg
MnKg
MnKg
Mn.nuts
000 Ha
Rs/nut
'000 MT.
Rs/'000 Nuts
Ha
Ha
Rs Mn
US$ Mn
Rs Mn
US$ Mn
Rs Mn
US$ Mn
Source: Coconut Development Authority
Department of Census & Statistics
National Fertilizer Secretariat
Coconut Cultivation Board (CCB)
* Quantity of Fertilizer issued by CCB
9.2 Other Products
9.1 Kernel Products
1. Production
1.1 Desiccated Coconut
1.2 Coconut Oil
1.3 Copra
1.5 Domestic nut Consumption
2. Total Extent
3. Average Export Price (F.O.B.)
4. Fertilizer issued
5. Cost of Production
7. Replanting
8. New planting
9. Export earnings
Item
2,515
37
20
37
2,047
395
24.88
33
4,870
3,495
3,783
17,529
173
7,933
78
9,596
95
2005
2,785
45
38
51
2,222
395
24.26
47
5,436
3,865
4,101
19,661
188
9,142
87
10,519
101
2006
2,869
43
76
117
2,451
395
27.56
33
6,124
2,528
2,955
24,096
218
11,270
102
12,826
116
2007
KEY INDICATORS: COCONUT
2,909
38
59
104
2,437
395
34.92
29
8,795
2,468
3,683
28,094
259
13,667
126
14,426
133
2008
2010
2,853
2,317
38
29
75
65
123
101
2,269
1,956
395
395
31.06
29.38
25
5.5*
9,166
9,492
3,154
2,684
4,390
3,705
29,081 32,433
253
287
11,974 11,096
104
98
17,107 21,337
149
189
2009
2012
2,808
2,940
47
42
53
82
77
125
2,328
2,481
395
395
57.73
51.53
14.3
10,273 11,634
1,551
4,774
1,553
4,814
47,306 46,667
428
366
21,030 16,688
190
131
26,276 29,978
238
235
2011
Table No. 4.8
188
6,998
6,259
5,407
5,791
6,486
6,370
7,054
7,266
7,368
6,995
6,544
7,112
7,446
3,162
3,219
3,584
4,135
4,774
4,869
5,435
6,123
8,795
9,166
9,492
10,273
11,634
Cost of
Production
(Rs/’000 Nuts)
: Cost of Production in Estate Sector (20 Acres & above)
3,096
2,769
2,392
2,562
2,591
2,515
2,785
2,869
2,909
2,853
2,317
2,808
2,940
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Yield
(Nuts/Ha)
: * fertilizer issued from CCB only
NA
: Not Available.
Source : Coconut Development Authority
Note
Production
(Mn Nuts)
Year
35,615
32,487
37,048
38,958
33,648
32,842
47,114
32,708
29,131
25,201
5456*
14,316
NA
Fertilizer
Applied
MT
2,126
2,322
2,056
1,922
1,943
2,047
2,222
2,451
2,437
2,269
1,956
2,328
2,481
69
84
86
75
75
81
80
85
84
82
84
83
84
Domestic
% of Domestic
Consumption Consumption
(Mn Nuts)
COCONUT PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION & YEILD 2000 - 2012
110
124
126
100
101
104
112
122
122
111
108
111
NA
Average
Nuts per
person
Table No. 4.9
189
30,612
24,383
43,738
31,104
37,240
15,030
32,326
25,257
23,100
2,822
5,500
10,713
6,252
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
2006*
2007*
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
288
248
384
437
474
419
478
645
993
778
1,032
1,284
1,239
Average
CIF
Value
US$/MT
4,237
2,531
36,292
44,237
15,988
4,137
3,559
4,663
14,035
1,582
925
37
3,029
Volume
MT
Palm Olein
Crude Palm Oil
Tallow
Coconut Oil
Soy Oil &
Sun Oil
525
319
400
416
407
465
556
891
806
672
788
2,603
864
47,057
36,483
44,318
22,773
81,585
98,216
96,717
57,245
73,561
26,083
53,519
105,528
44,878
413
316
379
457
438
406 212,908
395
467 168,083
415
733 123,131
706
1,064 30,114
868
761 20,750
640
923 15,299
850
1,206 19,300 1,012
1,067 12,593
918
10,053
380
4,323
339
222
4,994
429 25,381
3,289
506 64,086
2,989
536 3,200
3,119
463 1,369
4,076
445
953
4,597
626
335
4,830
942
788
4,529
701
805
3,155
949 2,080
2,305 1,275 3,062
826 1,225 2,165
- 1,077
487
645
429
605
439
736
450
772
554
675
582
861
883 5,566
1,503
541
901
536
1,171
685
1,882 1,021
1,022
969
649
597
634
691
732
679
819
679
1,871
1,148
1,472
1,778
1,784
Average Volume Average Volume Average Volume Average Volume Average Volume Average
CIF
MT
CIF
MT
CIF
MT
CIF
CIF
CIF
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
US$/MT
US$/MT
US$/MT
US$/MT
US$/MT
US$/MT
** Palm Kernel
& Stearin
* Revised
** Figurs up to 1998 include palm stearin & thereafter only kernel
Source : Coconut Development Authority
Volume
MT
Year
Palm Stearin
IMPORTS OF OILS & FATS TO SRI LANKA 2000-2012
7,096
8,620
17,527
20,616
21,628
22,936
26,345
30,018
19,218
42,933
13,179
14,701
13,670
537
432
499
558
638
598
787
790
1,200
892
1,172
1,581
1,432
Volume Average
CIF
Value
US$/MT
Others
Table No. 4.10
Table No: 4.11
EXPORT OF COCONUT PRODUCTS BY DIFFERENT TYPE 2011/2012
Volume (MT)
Product Category
2011
2012
KERNEL PRODUCTS
1. Coconut Oil
1,931
2,499
2. Desiccated Coconut
45,761
40,224
3. Copra
2,185
653
4. Fresh Nuts, Seed Nuts &
8,056
19,492
King Coconut (‘000 Nuts)
5. Coconut Poonac
6,522
9,685
6. Coconut Cream
1,745
2,000
7. Coconut Milk
6,351
9,036
8. Defatted Coconut
3,876
3,116
9.Instant Coconut Milk Powder
4,446
4,641
SUB TOTAL KERNEL
PRODUCTS
FIBRE PRODUCTS
1. Mattress Fibre
78,174
57,924
2. Bristle Fibre
9,450
8,160
3. Twisted Fibre
26,808
45,119
4. Coir Yarn
767
1,025
5. Coir Twine
5,417
7,148
SUB TOTAL FIBRE
PRODUCTS
120,616
119,376
SHELL PRODUCTS
1. Coconut Shell Charcoal
4,957
6,919
2. Coconut Shell & Shell Flour
546
698
3. Coconut Shell Actvtd. Carbon
31,359
30,271
SUB TOTAL SHELL PRODUCTS
36,862
37,888
FINISHED PRODUCTS (FIBRE)
1.Coir Brooms & Brushes (Nos) 24,498,840 19,957,696
2. Tawashi Brushes ( Nos)
23,791,814 26,312,793
3. Coir Fibre Pith & Husk Chips
146,224
148,342
(Mt)
4. Rubberized Coir Pads &
Mettress for bedding -M2
Nos
2,512,641 4,178,312
5. Coir Mats & Rugs - M2
146,063
39,773
Nos
1,533,343
624,581
2
6. Coir Mattings (M )
18,308
15,663
7.Geo Coir Textiles (MT)
3,722
2,536
8.Moulded Coir Products
for use in Horticulture (MT)
64,547
66,151
SUB TOTAL FINISHED
PRODUCTS
OTHER PRODUCTS
1. Coconut Arrack & Vinegar
63,340
62,819
(litre)
2. Coconut Ekels & Coconut
8,686
11,034
Fatty Acid (MT)
SUB TOTAL NON KERNEL
PRODUCTS
TOTAL VALUE OF ALL
PRODUCTS
Source: Coconut Development Authority
190
Volue (Rs Mn)
Change
(%)
2011
2012
Change
(%)
29
-12
-70
142
854.10
13,956.87
280.54
467.20
1,277.12
8,625.57
90.49
1,000.20
50
-38
-68
114
48
15
42
-20
4
202.85
667.22
1,255.33
822.99
2,522.89
303.45
655.49
1,651.40
525.72
2,558.92
50
-2
32
-36
1
21,030.00 16,688.36
-21
-26
-14
68
34
32
3,354.62
635.62
1,436.44
68.04
869.48
2,566.22
637.20
2,372.18
127.56
1,037.33
-24
0
65
87
19
-1
6,364.19
6,740.49
6
40
28
-3
3
278.42
22.79
7,396.07
7,697.28
475.04
34.76
8,759.17
9,268.97
71
53
18
20
-19
11
1
2,235.14
433.53
5,036.83
2,174.05
558.56
6,118.00
-3
29
21
66
-73
-59
-14
-32
255.01
685.00
296.62
627.47
16
-8
15.54
440.53
11.46
385.43
-26
-13
2
2,927.41
3,517.04
20
12,029.00 13,688.64
14
-1
18.19
20.25
11
27
167.14
259.79
55
26,275.79 29,978.15
14
47,305.79 46,666.51
-1