BIOL 2402 Lab
Dissection of the Human
Kidney
Laboratory Objectives
After completing this lab, you should be able to:
1. Identify and locate the main organs and structures of the human urinary system by
viewing a cadaver from the Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD.
2. Describe the functions of the main organs and structures of the human
urinary system discussed in lab.
.
NOTE: you need to use your Anatomy & Physiology Revealed CD (Version 2.0)
INTRODUCTION
The urinary system is composed of four (4) organs: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
and urethra. However, the kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system as they
filter blood to remove waste molecules, maintain extracellular fluid balance, and maintain
the blood pH. The kidneys also have other complex functions that lead to the production
of urine.
In this laboratory exercise, you will view an animation about the urinary system using
your Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD. Then the anatomical structures
of the human urinary system will be studied by viewing a cadaver from your Anatomy &
Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD.
1
Dissection of The Human Urinary System
PART 1
Overview of the Urinary System: Animation
From the Home Screen of
Anatomy & Physiology / Revealed CD,
click the down arrow on the SYSTEM
button and choose the Urinary System.
You will then see the opening screen
for the Urinary System.
A. To access the animation “Urinary System Overview”, click at the ANIMATIONS
icon located at the top center of the Urinary System screen.
B. From the ANIMATION LIST, click at the down arrow and select “Urinary System
Overview”
Click at this button to star the animation
Click at this button to pause the animation
To rewind or forward the animation, click and draw the round, red button.
Answer the following questions after viewing the animation:
1. List the major functions of the urinary system.
2. List the 4 organs of the urinary system. Use the figure below to label the
organs of the urinary system.
2
3. Describe the location of the kidneys.
4. Name the blood vessel that transports blood to be filtered at the kidneys.
5. Name the blood vessel that transports filtered blood out of the kidneys.
6. The structure that covers the outside of the kidneys is called ______________
Label the structure that covers the
outside of the kidney using the figure
to the left.
7. The inside of the kidney is divided in two portions:
a) An outer __________________________________
b) An inner __________________________________
Label these 2 portions
8. Fluids from the _________________ are funneled into the _________________ of the
____________________
9. Describe the function of the ureters.
10. Describe the function of the urinary bladder.
11. Name the muscle found at the wall of the urinary bladder. _______________
12. What type of muscle is the detrusor muscle? _________________________
13. List another name for urination: ____________________________________
14. Describe the function of the urethra.
3
15. The male urethra is about _______________ longer than the female urethra.
16. Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
17. Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
18. What occurs to the internal and external urethral sphincter during urination?
PART 2
The Urinary System
**NOTE: you need to be able to identify the parts of the human urinary system
studied in this lab AND know functions for each organ or structure studied.
A. After viewing the “Urinary System Overview” animation, click at the DISSECTION
icon
B. From the Select Topic, select “Upper Urinary” and then click at the blinking green
GO button.
Continues on next page
C. Draw slowly the red arrow under LAYER 1, LAYER 2, and LAYER 3 at the
LAYER CONTROL WINDOW. Click then at the circle under LAYER 4 and the
following image appears:
7.
8.
9.
1.
5.
4.
Continued on next page…….
6.
2.
3.
4
D. Mouse-over the pins on the screen and name only the labeled parts of the
urinary system that you see in the above figure.
3.
Label:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PART 3
The Kidney: An Animation
A. Click at the ANIMATION icon and select “Kidney – Gross Anatomy”
Click at this button to star the animation
Answer the following questions after viewing the animation:
1. Describe what the renal hilum is.
Label the hilum in
this human kidney.
2. Name the structure at the apex of the renal pyramids.
5
3. Where do the renal papillae project into?
4. Several minor calyces merge to form a single, funnel-shaped _____________
5. About how many major calyces does each kidney have? _________________
6. Major calyces merge to form a single, funnel-shaped ___________________
7. Name the functional filtration unit of the kidney. ________________________
PART 4
The Human Kidney – Anterior View
A. After viewing the “Kidney” animation, click at the DISSECTION icon
B. Click CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW. From the SELECT TOPIC/VIEW choose
“Kidney” and then click at the blinking green GO button.
C. Click at LAYER 1 and mouse over the blue pins to reveal the name of the structures.
Label only the structures numbered in the figure below:
Label:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5.
1.
3.
2.
6.
4.
6
D. Click at LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS window and mouse over the blue
pins and the green pin to reveal the name of each structure.
Label only the structures numbered in the figure below:
Label:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3.
1.
5.
6.
7.
7
4.
2.
PART 5
X ray Image of the Urinary System
A. Click at the IMAGIN icon and at Select Topic click at “Ureter”. Click the at the
blinking green GO button.
B. You will see the following X ray image:
Click the TURN TAGS ON and label only
structured pointed in the figure to the
right.
Label:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
**REMEMBER:
you need to be able to identify the organs and parts of the
urinary system using the cow’s kidney and human urinary system pictures (including
pictures from your Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Version 2.0 CD.) In addition, you
need to know functions for each organ or parts of the urinary system reviewed in this
laboratory.
REVIEW FUNCTIONS of urinary system organs and structures:
8
Functions of the Urinary System Organs & Parts
Structure
Kidney
Function or Functions
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Abdominal Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Hilum
Nephron
Renal Pelvis
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal Capsule
Parietal Peritoneum
Renal Cortex
Describe the parts of the nephron found in it:
Renal Medulla
Describe the parts of the nephron found in it:
9