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Ch.3 Migration
Introduction

Migration is a form of mobility which is a term covering all types of movement.
Key Issue 1
(Rubenstein pg. 83)
Question (Bold Maroon Heading):
Answers (Bullet points):
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
 Reasons for Migrating
 Distance of Migration
 Characteristics of Migrants
Answer 1:
REASONS FOR MIGRATING
(see Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration)
Key Terms to Know: push factor, pull factor, centripetal force, centrifugal force
Answer 1 Explained:
ECONOMIC PUSH & PULL FACTORS
Key Terms to Know: refugees

Emigrate from places with few job opportunities, immigrate to places with job opportunities

___________________ = most common reason to migrate

Jobs vary within __________________ and within ____________________

________________ & Canada are prominent job locations.

Refugees have no home until another country agrees to let them in
Answer 1 Explained:
CULTURAL PUSH & PULL FACTORS
Key Terms to Know: international migration, internal migration, forced migration, voluntary migration


Forced international migration historically occurs b/c of: 1) _______________, 2) ________________ instability
(resulting from cultural diversity – ex: draw a new boundary line to separate 2 ethnic groups & people of 1
ethnic group must now migrate to other side)
UN states over 50 million refugees in need of protection or assistance

2 largest groups of international refugees are _______________________ (who left Israel after country was
created) & ______________________ (from quarter century civil war)

2 largest groups of internal refugees are ________________ (from quarter century civil war)
& ______________ (from gov’t battles with drug lords & guerillas)

Political conditions can also pull people in for freedom
(Rubenstein pg. 84)
Answer 1 Explained:

ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH & PULL FACTORS
Pulled toward physically attractive regions (mountains, sea sides, & warm climates) & pushed from hazardous
ones (too much water-Hurricane Katrina or too little water-Oklahoma Dust Bowl Drought)
(Rubenstein pg. 86)
Answer 1 Explained:
INTERVENING OBSTACLES
Key Terms to Know: intervening obstacle

Where migrants go is not always their final desired location


In the past, intervening obstacles were primarily environmental (mountains & deserts & bodies of water)
Transportation improvements promote globalization & diminish environmental obstacles – modern
intervening obstacles are caused by local diversity in gov’t & politics such as needing
__________________ & _______________
Answer 2:


DISTANCE OF MIGRATION
(see Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration)
Most migrate __________ distance within same country
But if long distance migrating, go to major economic centers
Answer 2 Explained:
INTERNAL MIGRATION
Key Terms to Know: distance decay, interregional migration, intraregional migration, internal migration,
international migration

Short distances are more common b/c familiar languages, food, music etc. makes it easier

Internal migration can be ________________ or ____________________

Interregional has historically been ____________ to __________________

Intraregional has been within urban areas from older cities to newer suburbs
Answer 2 Explained:
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Key Terms to Know: forced migration, voluntary migration, migration transition

International migration is divided into _____________ migration in which the person is compelled to
migrate by cultural factors or _________________ migration in which the person chooses to move for
economic improvement

Voluntary is usually economic & Forced is usually cultural

Migration transition was created by Wilbur Zelinsky & consists of changes in society comparable to demographic
transition

Stage __________ is more international & interregional

Stages ______ & ________ are more internal & intraregional
(Rubenstein pg. 87)
Answer 3:
CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS
(see Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration)

Most long-distance migrants are __________________

Most long-distance migrants are individual ______________ instead of families with kids
Answer 3 Explained: GENDER OF MIGRANTS


Males are more likely to migrate for jobs and men are more likely to be employed
Increased female migration to the USA reflects changing role of women in Mexican society
Answer 3 Explained: FAMILY STATUS OF MIGRANTS

Ravenstein believed long distance migrants are likely to be young adults seeking work

Increasing percentage of USA immigrants are __________________

For the most part, Mexican immigrants to the USA match migration transition theory and
________________________ theory




Many illegal Mexican immigrants have jobs in their home village, but migrate to USA for more money
Undocumented workers can find jobs b/c some employers choose to pay them lower wages & not provide health
care, etc
Immigration can vary due to seasonal work
Migration money can help the economy of the _______________________ _____________________
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
http://prezi.com/wnlsavxbhaiz/ravensteins-laws-of-migration/
The Reasons Why Migrants Move (Answer 1)
1. Most migration is for economic reasons/job opportunities
2. The major direction of migration is from agricultural to industrial areas
3. Migration increases in volume as industries and transportation develop
The Distance They Typically Move (Answer 2)
4. Most migrants move only a short distance; this is known as ‘distance decay’
5. Migration proceeds step by step (step migration); migrants do not tend to go straight to their end
destination.
6. Each migration produces a counter-stream of migration in the opposite direction (not always equal in
size)
7. Migrants moving long distances generally go to larger cities which are centers of commerce or industry
Migrants’ Characteristics (Answer 3)
8. Females are more likely to migrate short distances, such as within their region of birth;
males are more likely to migrate longer distances within the world
9. Most migrants are young single adults; families rarely migrate out of their country of origin
10. Rural residents are more likely to migrate than urban residents
11. Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase

Underline your answer below. “Who is more likely to migrate?”
1. John – 38, married with 2 kids, farmer OR Jane – 21, single, computer analyst
2. Susan – 18, just graduated high school OR Nora – 32, married, stay at home mom
3. Matthew – 78, widower, retired, lives in the city OR Nick – 27, married, lives in rural area
4. Luke – 24, single, artist OR Mason – 30, married, architect