U.S. History
Mr. Boothby
10/10/2016
The Learning Target
: CH 10 Launching a New Ship of State pt2
Whiskey Rebellion and the XYZ Affair/ SHIFT IN STRENGTH!
Reaction (2 full page minimum): Hint on page(s) 172-175!
How was our beginning/or first Constitution…
The “Articles of Confederation” making our
country look weak? Why make it weak?
Click to remove!
Do you feel weak leadership can cause people or
even companies to “fall apart”? EXPLAIN!
HOW-WHY-EXAMPLES-EXPLAIN!
Constitution
Articles!
Silently Read Pages 200-210
Launching a New Ship of State pt2
1) Why did the Whiskey Rebellion take place? What was Washington’s
response (HINT: SEE 196 EXPLAIN)?
2) What did Hamilton’s actions in the text create? Hint: We have them
still today! (#2 and 3 may be done together!)
3) What was officially established during Washington’s second term
(Hint: Relates to Question #2)?
4) Explain how Jeffersonians went against Washingtonian neutrality and
what event this ties to?
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KEY: Know Citizen Genet and Shay’s Rebellion= SHOW WEAKNESS
XYZ AFFAIR/ Whiskey Rebellion SHOW OUR STRENGTH! if needed
FINISH PATRIOT!
Discuss #’s 5 + 6 with a partner and GO OVER 1-4!
5)What did some of the British do according to your text that refused to leave
America?
6) Explain in unimpressive things British were doing to American sailors and
the 2 treaties “Jay’s” and Pinckney’s”!
KEY KNOW ALL ABOUT THE XYZ AFFAIR! (HINT: Opposite of GW!)
ALL DUE+Read Pages 211-220!
1 additional HW Assignment Homework Compare and Contrast the
Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution***
***You won’t need to write this one out…Just look at it!
1)Why did the Whiskey Rebellion take place? What was
Washington’s response (EXPLAIN)?
The Whiskey Rebellion was started due to the anger of pioneer folk
towards the excise tax. Washington sent state militias to end the
rebellion, although he soon pardoned them, but others were angry at
the huge response for such a minuscule rebellion.
2)What did Hamilton’s actions in the text create? Hint: We have them
still today!
All of Hamilton's actions eventually led to the creation of the first
American political parties with Jefferson and Madison creating the
first opposition to Hamilton's ideas. The two party system has
existed ever since.
3)What was officially established during Washington’s second term
(Hint: Relates to Question #2)?
The political parties were officially established by Washington's
second term. The French Revolution would have a great impact on
America.
4)Explain how the Jefferson’s went against Washington’s neutrality
and what event this ties to!
Many Jeffersonians wanted to help the French defeat the British, but
Washington issued the Neutrality Proclamation because the nation
had to steer clear of war. This neutrality actually ended up favoring
France more than Britain.
5)What did some of the British do according to your text that refused
to leave America? Explain “Treaty of Greenville” the “Battle of Fallen
Timbers”!
Some British refused to leave America and even helped the Miami
Confederacy, an alliance of 8 indian nations who terrorized
Americans invading their lands. Peace was finally offered at the
Battle of Fallen Timbers, and the Treaty of Greenville was
established.
6) Explain in unimpressive things British were doing to American
sailors and the 2 treaties “Jay’s” and Pinckney’s”!
Angry British started to impress American sailors.
John Jay is sent to England to establish Jay's Treaty, and then
Pinckney's Treaty is established in America by the Spanish. George
Washington decides to step down from his presidency after two
terms.
KEY KNOW ALL ABOUT THE XYZ AFFAIR! (HINT: Opposite of GW!)
After Washington steps down, John Adams becomes president
along with Thomas Jefferson as his Vice President. Adams would
have big shoes to fill after Washington.
The XYZ Affair was named after the French bribed Adam's envoys to
merely speak with Talleyrand, the French foreign minister.
Federalists were delighted while Jeffersonians hung their heads in
shame. The navy department was established, the U.S. Marine Corps
was reestablished, and a new army was authorized, and unofficial
fighting with French went on for two and a half years.
As much as Adams wanted to go to full-fledged war with the French,
he knew what was best for America and that was to avoid war while
the country was weak. The Convention of 1800 annulled the 22 year
old marriage of (in)convenience. This established peace was good
because if not, Napoleon would not have sold Louisiana to Jefferson
three years later.
Alien Laws were established. They extended the residence
requirement to 14 years instead of 5, and declared that in a time of
peace immigrants could be deported, and in times of war they could
be imprisoned as well. The Sedition Act tampered with the freedoms
of speech and press, stating that anyone who impeded the
government would serve imprisonment.
In fear of being crushed by the Federalists, Jefferson and Madison
came up with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, a brilliant
formulation of the extreme states' rights view regarding the Union.
Overall there were many differences between the Federalists and
Republicans that would continue to affect the way America grew.
WHISKEY REBELLION…
http://www.mountvernon.org/research-collections/digitalencyclopedia/article/whiskey-rebellion/
In January 1791, President George Washington's Secretary of the
Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed a seemingly innocuous
excise tax "upon spirits distilled within the United States, and for
appropriating the same."1 What Congress failed to predict was the
vehement rejection of this tax by Americans living on the frontier of
Western Pennsylvania. By 1794, the Whiskey Rebellion threatened
the stability of the nascent United States and forced President
Washington to personally lead the United States militia westward to
stop the rebels.
George Washington reviewing the troops being deployed against the
Whiskey Rebellion - Washington Reviewing the Western Army, at
Fort Cumberland, Maryland, ca.1795. [63.201.2]. Courtesy The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.
By 1791 the United States suffered from significant debt incurred
during the Revolutionary War. Secretary Hamilton, a Federalist
supporting increased federal authority, intended to use the excise
tax to lessen this financial burden. Despite resistance from Anti-
Federalists like Thomas Jefferson, Congress passed the legislation.
When news of the tax spread to Western Pennsylvania, individuals
immediately voiced their displeasure by refusing to pay the tax.
Residents viewed this tax as yet another instance of unfair policies
dictated by the eastern elite that negatively affected American
citizens on the frontier.
Western farmers felt the tax was an abuse of federal authority
wrongly targeting a demographic that relied on crops such as corn,
rye, and grain to earn a profit. However, shipping this harvest east
was dangerous because of poor storage and dangerous roads. As a
result, farmers frequently distilled their grain into liquor which was
easier to ship and preserve. While large-scale farmers easily incurred
the financial strain of an additional tax, indigent farmers were less
able to do so without falling into dire financial straits.
President Washington sought to resolve this dispute peacefully. In
1792, he issued a national proclamation admonishing westerners for
their resistance to the "operation of the laws of the United States for
raising revenue upon spirits distilled within the same."2 However, by
1794 the protests became violent. In July, nearly 400 whiskey rebels
near Pittsburgh set fire to the home of John Neville, the regional tax
collection supervisor. Left with little recourse and at the urgings of
Secretary Hamilton, Washington organized a militia force of 12,950
men and led them towards Western Pennsylvania, warning locals
"not to abet, aid, or comfort the Insurgents aforesaid, as they will
answer the contrary at their peril."3
The calling of the militia had the desired effect of essentially ending
the Whiskey Rebellion. By the time the militia reached Pittsburgh, the
rebels had dispersed and could not be found. The militia
apprehended approximately 150 men and tried them for treason. A
paucity of evidence and the inability to obtain witnesses hampered
the trials. Two men, John Mitchell and Philip Weigel, were found
guilty of treason, though both were pardoned by President
Washington. By 1802, then President Thomas Jefferson repealed the
excise tax on whiskey. Under the eye of President Washington, the
nascent United States survived the first true challenge to federal
authority.
Shay’s Rebellion:
http://www.history.com/topics/shays-rebellion
Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786
and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement
of tax collections and judgments for debt.
KEY: Both led to a need for the dismantling of the Articles of
Confederation and a NEW STRONGER “CONSTITUTION”!
STRENGTHS:
1 To declare war and make peace.
2 To coin and borrow money
3 To detail with foreign countries and sign treaties
4 To operate post offices
WEAKNESSES:
1 The national government could not force the states to obey its
laws.
2 It did not have the power to tax
3 It did not have the power to enforce laws
4 Congress lacked strong and steady leadership
5 There was no national army or navy
6 There was no system of national courts
7 Each state could issue its own paper money
8 Each state could put tariffs on trade between states. (A tariff is a
tax on goods coming in from another state or country.)