Proceedings of the
International Conference Timber Bridges
ICTB2010
Lillehammer, Norway
September 12 -15, 2010
Editors:
Professor Kjell A. Malo
Chief Engineer Otto Kleppe
Chief Engineer Tormod Dyken
Organizers:
Norwegian Public Road Administration
NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
NTI, Norsk Treteknisk Institutt
Innovation Norway
Secretariat:
Norwegian Public Road Administration
P.O Box 8142 Dep
NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
www.vegvesen.no
© ICTB 2010 & Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim 2010
ISBN 978-82-519-2680-5
This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
permission.
Copyright remains with the authors.
Layout: The editors
Printed and binded by: Tapir Uttrykk, Trondheim, NORWAY
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Tel.:
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Preface
Over the past twenty years, timber bridge construction has gathered headway in many
countries. Research in the area has produced significant results; new materials and
connections have been developed and various structural systems have been explored. New
developments have been presented in journals and at general timber construction conferences.
The time was now ripe for a specialized international conference on timber bridges to present
the state of the art.
In Norway, the ready availability of timber and the tradition of utilizing timber in houses and
other structures make it natural to consider timber an adequate construction material for
bridges with spans of up to 100 meters or even more. Today, there are many timber bridges in
Norway – both road and pedestrian bridges. Since 1995, the Norwegian Public Roads
Administration has built more than 100 timber bridges with spans up to 70 meters.
The main objective of the conference ICTB2010 at Lillehammer was to showcase and discuss
the state of the art in timber bridge technology. The conference topics were:
• Design aspects
• Environmental aspects
• Historical bridges
• Protection and durability
• Monitoring
• Timber bridge aesthetics
• Components, connections and detailing
• Pedestrian bridge projects
• Bridge decks
• Composite bridges
The primary emphasis of the conference was on the design of durable, environmentally
friendly and cost-efficient timber bridges.
Our hope is that ICTB 2010 can serve as a source of inspiration for designers, researchers,
architects and others, working within the field of timber bridges.
Lillehammer, September 2010.
On behalf of the facilitating organizations,
Børre Stensvold
Bridge Director, Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Conference Chair.
International Scientific Committee
Professor em. Heinrich Kreuzinger,
Technische Universität München, Germany
Professor Kurt Schwaner,
Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Professor Gerhard Schickhofer,
Graz University of Technology, Austria
Professor em. Aarne Jutila,
Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Professor Robert Kliger,
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Research Engineer James Wacker,
USDA Forest Products Laboratory, USA
Professor Kjell Arne Malo,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Norway
Amanuensis Nils Ivar Bovim,
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
Steering Committee
Bridge director Børre Stensvold - Conference Chair,
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Mr Erik Aasheim, Conference Co-Chair,
Norsk Treteknisk Institutt (NTI)
Professor Kjell Arne Malo, Programme Co-Chair,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU
Mr Otto Kleppe, Programme Chair,
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Organising Committee
Mr Otto Kleppe, Chair
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Mr Nils Ivar Bovim,
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Mr Rune B. Abrahamsen,
Sweco Norway
Mr Åge Holmestad,
Moelven Limtre AS
Professor Kjell Arne Malo,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU
Mr Erik Aasheim,
Norsk Treteknisk Institutt (NTI)
Mr Trond Arne Stensby
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Mr Tormod Dyken
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Contents
Key note lecture
Kurt Schwaner, Germany: Timber Bridges - different countries, different approaches .....................
1-20
Design aspects Part I
Michael Flach, Austria: How to design timber bridges ......................................................................
Per Kr. Ekeberg, Norway: Technical concepts for long span timber bridges ....................................
Hauke Kepp, Norway: Thermal actions on timber bridges ................................................................
Kolbein Bell, Norway: Structural system for glulam arch bridges ....................................................
21-28
29-36
37-48
49-66
Design aspects Part II
João Nuno Amado Rodrigues, Portugal:
Use of composite timber-concrete bridges solutions in Portugal ........................................................ 67-78
Jarle Svanæs, Norway: Environmental timber bridges
– verification of material properties of Kebony modified wood ......................................................... 79-88
Hilde Rannem Isaksen, Norway: Construction cost of Timber Bridges in Norway
–A comparison with Steel and Concrete ............................................................................................. 89-98
Ove Solheim, Norway: New 4-lane Mjoesbridge in timber? ............................................................. 99-106
Environmental aspects
Johanne Hammervold, Norway: Environmental analysis of bridges in a life cycle perspective ........ 107-118
Jarle Svanæs, Norway: Environmental friendly timber bridges –
Environmental improvement through product development .............................................................. 119-122
Historical Bridges
Tsuneo Igarashi, Japan: The 62nd reconstruction of a traditional wood bridge ................................ 123-130
Guillermo Iñiguez-Gonzáles, Spain: Remarkable ancient timber bridges up to the 1850´s.
Part I: general review........................................................................................................................... 131-138
Miguel C. Fernández-Cabo, Spain: Remarkable ancient timber bridges up to the 1850´s.
Part II: case studies and breakthroughs................................................................................................ 139-156
Protection and Durability
Otto Kleppe, Norway: Durability of Norwegian timber bridges .......................................................
Anna Pousette, Sweden: Outdoor tests of timber beams and columns ..............................................
Masahiko Karube, Japan: Report of the collapsed wooden bridges in Japan ....................................
Elisabet Michelson, Norway: Polyurea based bridge membrane on wooden bridges .......................
157-168
169-178
179-194
195-204
Monitoring
Thomas Tannert: Structural health monitoring of timber bridges ...................................................... 205-212
Anders Gustavsson, Sweden: Health Monitoring of timber bridges .................................................. 213-222
Tormod Dyken, Norway: Monitoring the moisture content of timber bridges .................................. 223-236
Antti Karjalainen, Finland: Bridge Information Modelling (BIM) and Laser Scanning
In Renovation Design, Case Pyhäjoki Bridge ..................................................................................... 237-242
Jim Wacker, USA: Development of a Smart Timber Bridge Girder with Fiber Optic Sensors ......... 243-252
Timber Bridge Aesthetics
Richard J. Dietrich, Germany: Six timber bridges of special interest ................................................ 253-258
Yngve Aartun, Norway: Timber Bridge Aesthetics –Design and function (+ tradition) .................... 259-266
Bernt Jakobsen, Norway:
Spectacular Wooden Truss Bridges as Traffic Safety Enhancing Measures ....................................... 267-276
Components, Connections and Detailing
Lars Bergh, Norway: Construction of timber bridges by prestressing prefabricated segments ......... 277-280
Bjørn A. Lund and Matteo Pezzucchi, Norway:
Development of a new barrier system for stress laminated timber road bridge decks ........................ 281-296
Kjell Arne Malo, Norway: On Connections for Timber Bridges ........................................................ 297-312
Abdy Kermani, United Kingdom:
Developments in stress-laminated arch construction for footbridges ................................................. 313-320
Pedestrian Bridge Projects
Rolf Broennimann, Switzerland: Design, construction and monitoring of a bowstring
arch bridge made exclusively of timber, CFRP and GFRP ................................................................. 321-328
José L. Ferández-Cabo, Spain: Construction aspects of a 19.2 m Timber Truss
cantilevered view walkway in Vitoria, Spain ...................................................................................... 329-334
Anssi Laaksonen, Finland: Malminmaki Pedestrian Overpass .......................................................... 335-340
Julio Vivas, Spain: Design and installation of a covered timber footbridge over the A8
motorway in Bilbao, Spain .................................................................................................................. 341-350
Bridge decks
Mats Ekevad, Sweden:
Prestressed Timber Bridges - Simulations and experiments of slip .................................................... 351-358
Roberto Crocetti, Sweden:
Anchorage systems to reduce the loss of pre-stress in stress-laminated timber bridges ..................... 359-370
Rune B. Abrahamsen, Norway:
Bridge deck rehabilitation using cross-laminated timber .................................................................... 371-382
Composite bridges
Aarne Jutila, Finland:
Wood Concrete Composite Bridges – Finnish Speciality in the Nordic Countries ............................. 383-392
Jeno Balogh, USA:
Testing of Wood-Concrete Composite Beams with Shear Key Detail ................................................ 393-398
Leander A. Bathon, Germany:
Performance of single span wood concrete - composite bridges under dynamic loading .................. 399-402
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