BIL 106 – Biology of Animals
Krempels – Fall 2014
Exam II
Choose the BEST answer. Two points each.
1. Choose the correct order of the modern classification hierarchy, from largest (most
inclusive) group, to smallest (least inclusive)?
a. species, Family Genus, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
b. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
c. Kingdom, Phylum, Domain, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
d. Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Domain, Order, Genus species
e. Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
2. In the currently accepted classification system, the three Domains of life are
a. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
d. Tundra, Desert, Rainforest
b. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
e. Protista, EuBengi, Fleeblestomper
c. Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia
3. The evolutionary history of a species is known as its
a. ontogeny
c. phylogeny
b. classification
d. taxonomy
e. homology
Refer to the phylogenetic tree below to answer #4-8.
4. Judging from the tree, you can confidently say that leopards evolved from turtles.
a. true
b. false
c. crunchy!
5. Judging from the tree, which of the following animals lacks jaws?
a. lampreys and tuna
d. lancelets and lampreys
b. lampreys, tuna, and salamanders
e. all of the animals above have jaws
c. lancelets and salamanders
6. The most recent common ancestor of the lamprey, tuna, and salamander is
a. the lancelet
d. the amniotic egg
b. the branch point marked “X”
e. cannot tell from the information given
c. the branch point marked “Y”
7. Judging from the tree, you can confidently say that the leopard is the most highly evolved
species included in this phylogeny.
a. true
b. false
c. Well, leopards like to think so.
8. The tuna, salamander, turtle and leopard make up a taxon most recently descended from
a. ancestor X
c. ancestor Z
e. modern/extant tuna
b. ancestor Y
d. lampreys
9. Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was a staunch creationist. He devised a system of
naming and classifying all living things, still in use today, that he called Systema naturae.
Dr. Kristian Fauchald studies evolutionary relationships among worms in order to
classify them in groups descended from a single common ancestor. Linnaeus was a
, whereas Fauchald is a
.
a. taxonomist; systematist
c. cladist; evolutionist
e. Christianist; scientist
b. systematist; taxonomist
d. religious man; Darwinist
10. Which of the following is the correct way to write the name of our own species?
a. Homo sapiens
c. Homo Sapiens
e. Homo Sapiens
b. Homo sapiens
d. homo sapiens
11. The science of Systematics has no practical application. It is merely a mechanism for
naming and classifying living organisms.
a. true
b. false
c. what is truth, really?
12. You can state with absolute confidence that the prehensile tail of a New World Monkey is
more derived than the long-haired tail of a horse.
a. true
b. false
c. but the horse tail is prettier
13. Which of the following made it possible for the earliest vertebrates to live truly
independently of a watery environment?
a. the vertebral column
c. amniotic egg
e. Starbuck’s
b. lungs
d. post-anal tail
14. In an amniotic egg, which of these acts as a waste collection site?
a. amnion
b. chorion
c. yolk sac
d. allantois
15. Which of the following still lays amniotic eggs?
a. marsupials
b. monotremes
c. eutherians
Match the correct taxon to its description in #16 – 21.
a. Anapsida
b. Diapsida
e. shell
d. pachyderms
c. Synapsida
16. The skulls of these have no opening behind the orbit of the eye. A
17. The skulls of these have one opening behind the orbit of the eye. C
18. The skulls of these have two openings behind the orbit of the eye. B
19. This taxon includes all extant mammals. C
20. This taxon includes extant birds and reptiles, as well as extinct dinosaurs. B
21. This taxon includes all known turtles. A
22. Which of these grouped mammalian traits are most functionally related to each other?
a. three inner ear bones + red blood cells lacking a nucleus
b. mammary glands + muscular lips + bony palate (all related to suckling)
c. presence of hair + increased jaw muscle complexity
d. high rate of metabolism + diverse integumentary structures (glands, horns, etc.)
e. analog of reptile scales in skin + fleshy, muscular lips
23. The dental formula of a rabbit is 2: 0: 2: 3/1: 0: 2: 3. How many incisors does a rabbit have
(both upper and lower)?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 12
24. Which of the following is true?
a. Antlers are made of bone, and may be branched or forked.
b. Horns consist of a keratinized sheath over bone.
c. Horns are permanent; they are never shed.
d. Antlers are shed and regrown annually.
e. All of the above are true.
25. If an animal is an induced ovulator, the female ovulates upon the act of mating.
a. true
b. false
c. OMG
26. Of the following animals, which is most closely related to our Order, Primates?
a. a Snowshoe Hare
c. a Flying Lemur
e. an Armadillo
b. a Kangaroo Rat
d. a Fruit Bat
Match the correct Euarchontoglire taxon with its description in #27 – 31. Use each
answer only once.
a. Scandentia (Tree Shrews)
d. Rodentia (rodents)
b. Lagomorpha (hares, rabbits, pikas)
e. Dermoptera (flying lemurs)
c. Primates (prosimians, monkeys and apes)
27. Animals in this taxon have flattened nails, instead of claws. C
28. There are more species in this Order than in any other mammalian order. D
29. Some members of this Order give birth to altricial young in underground burrows, whereas
other species give birth to precocial young, fully furred and with eyes open. B
30. Animals in this Order have the largest [brain : body mass] ratio of any animal, including humans. A
31. Large flaps of skin stretched between the limbs of these animals allow them to glide, not fly. E
32. Which of the following describes a paedomorphic trait?
a. The prehensile tail of a Squirrel Monkey
b. The round skull and large eyes of a Cocker Spaniel
c. The ability of a mammal to grow fur
d. The amniotic egg of a lizard
e. All of the above are paedomorphic traits.
33. If an animal undergoes isometric growth as it develops,
a. all its body parts grow at the same rate
b. some of its body parts grow at different rates
c. the proportions of the juvenile are different from the proportions of the adult
d. it will be paedomorphic as an adult
e. it will have big, buff muscles
34. Which of the following have a vestigial tail?
a. human
b. gibbon
c. chimpanzee
d. gorilla
e. all of these
35. If a species is sexually dimorphic, it means that
a. males and females of that species look different from each other.
b. members of that species identify more than one gender.
c. both males and females take part in rearing the young.
d. adult and juvenile members of the species look physically different from one another.
e. members of that species engage in bizarre mating rituals.
36. The human integumentary glands responsible for that distinctive odor we call “B.O.” are
a. eccrine glands
c. apocrine glands
e. mammary glands
b. sebaceous glands
d. thyroid glands
37. A hypsodont animal is defined as having teeth
a. that grow continually throughout the animal’s life
d. that generate stem cells
b. of different shapes and functions
e. like a hippopotamus
c. designed for stabbing and tearing
38. A blood stem cell can give rise to any type of blood cell, but not to any other type of cell. It
is thus most accurately described as being
a. totipotent
b. pluripotent
c. multipotent
d. omnipotent
39. If an animal has more than one class of cones, and each class absorbs maximally at a
different wavelength of light, then that animal most likely
a. will have very sensitive night vision
d. will be able to perceive colors
b. will most likely be a predator
e. will be able to see ultraviolet
c. will be able to distinguish between light and dark
Match the structure in the eye to its correct description in #40-44.
a. rod photoreceptor
c. retina
e. iris
b. cone photoreceptor
d. choroid
40. In many nocturnal animals, a layer (the tapetum) in this structure reflects light back out of
the eye, giving the light a “second chance” to enter a photoreceptor. This results in the “eye
shine” you see when you direct a light at an animal with a reflective tapetum. D
41. This thin layer lining the inside of the back of the eyeball is composed of at least five
different types of neurons, only some of which absorb light with pigments. C
42. A nocturnal animal is most likely to have a retina dominated by these. A
43. This muscular structure widens and closes the pupil aperture, controlling the amount of light
entering the eye. E
44. These confer both color vision and high resolution in diurnal vertebrate eyes. B
45. An ungulate is an animal that has
a. horns
b. antlers
c. hooves
d. fangs
e. swag
Match the correct Laurasiatherian mammal Order with its correct description in #46-50.
Use each answer only once.
a. Cetacea (marine relatives of artiodactyls)
d. Carnivora (pointy teeth)
b. Perissodactya (odd-toed hoofed animals)
e. Chiroptera (wings!)
c. Artiodactyla (even-toed hoofed animals
46. This taxon includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. B
47. About 20% of all mammal species belong to this highly diverse, ecologically vital taxon. E
48. These streamlined, marine animals evolved from a four-legged, doglike carnivore. A
49. The paraxonic foot of these animals has a plane of symmetry running between toes 3 and 4. C
50. The smallest animal in this order weighs about 25 grams, and the largest over four tons. D
BONUS QUESTIONS – Two points each, and no penalty for wrong answers.
51. Sebum is
a. an oily secretion that keeps mammal hair soft and pliable
b. the liquid portion of the male mammals’ reproductive output, not including sperm
c. the name of the central bone in the middle ear
d. secreted in the intestine, and is a type of enzyme
e. the substance in sweat that gives it a distinctive odor.
52. You can say with confidence that, as a general rule, all carnivores are more intelligent than
all herbivores.
a. true
b. false
c. That’s just speciesist
53. It is most likely that modern humans
a. arose from an ancestor that evolved in Africa, and then radiated north to other areas.
b. evolved several times, from different Homo erectus ancestors
c. all evolved from Homo neanderthalensis (“Neanderthal man”) ancestors.
d. share a more recent common ancestor with flying lemurs than with other great apes.
e. are descended from a mud-based ancestor molded by a supernatural being.
How come the dove gets to be the peace symbol? How
about the pillow? It has more feathers than the dove,
and it doesn’t have that dangerous beak.
-- Deep Thoughts by Jack Handey