The Carrillos of San Diego ...: A Historic Spanish Family of California (Continued)
Author(s): Brian McGinty
Source: The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 3 (September,
1957), pp. 281-301
Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Historical Society of Southern
California
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41169135 .
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TheCarrillos
ofSan Diego. . .
A Historic
Spanish
FamilyofCalifornia
By Brian McGinty
(ContinuedfromtheJuneQuarterly)
lasted
ANDMexicanperiodsin Californiahistory
3i^HE SPANISH
the
From
less
a
of
than
total
landing of
eight years.
JÍ|
ìSH JuniperoSerraat San Diego in 1769 to the raisingof the
Starsand Stripesoverthe customshouseof Montereyin 1846,less
of SpanishCalifornianspassedthroughthe
than threegenerations
annals of provincialhistory.Thoughthe periodwas shortand its
people were relativelyfew, Spanish and Mexican California,as
unique historicalepochs,have earned forthemselvessolid places
in the annals of Americanpioneering.
The adventof United Statesrule in California,beginningin
or1846,broughtwithit a suddenend to the languidSpanish-Calif
nian way of life. For thosewho werecaughtin the squeeze ofthe
difficult.
suddenchangeof government,
adjustmentwas oftentimes
At once,the past was gone, and the futurewas strangeand uncertain. Those Spanish Californianswhose lives were yet to be
to be doubled. A part of themhad died
lived foundthe difficulty
oftheirancestors;but anothergreaterand more
withthetraditions
- awaiting
importantpart yet remained vibrant and breathing
underthe strange,new rule of the United States.
fulfillment
Part IX
JoaquínCarrillo
|KjOp|0AQUIN
CARRILLO,ELDEST SON OF JOAQUÍNVICTORand Maria
Es9KH Ig1100^ Lopez de Carrillo,was born in San Diego in
WHffMj1820. Sixteenyears old when his fatherdied in about
1836,Joaquínwas eighteenwhenhis motherand youngerbrothers
and sisterstookup theirresidenceon RanchoCabeza de Santa Rosa.
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
of Fort Ross,
During the late 1830's, the Russiansettlement
miles
to
was
the
Santa
at
the
west
of
Rosa,
twenty
heightof its
Californiaactivity.Spaniardswere encouragedto take up lands
on the northernfrontierof the provinceto strengthen
Mexican
territorial
on the
claims and to discouragefurtherencroachment
of
the
to
Russians.
removal
of
Carrillo
the
The
part
family California'snorthcountrywas partof theover-allplan ofthe Mexican
to settlethis area.
government
Soon aftertheirarrival,the Carrillosbegan buildinga large
and comfortable
adobe housein the centralpartof the Santa Rosa
Valley. Joaquin,as eldestson and nominalhead of the family,
shoulderedprimaryresponsibility
for the adobe's construction.
SalvadorVallejo, soon to becomeJoaquin'sbrother-in-law,
assisted
with the designand gave experiencedsupervision,
while the Carrillo sons,togetherwith Indians recruitedfromthe surrounding
countryside,
performedthe actual labor. The adobe house that
on
rose
the woodedbanks of the Santa Rosa Creekwas a solid,
- a worthycenterofthegreatranchoactivities
handsomestructure,
thatwereto takeplace at Cabeza de Santa Rosa in the 1840's. The
walls of thishouse,at one timethe mostnortherly
adobe dwelling
in all California,stillstandone mile east oftheCityofSanta Rosa.
JoaquinCarrillo,like otherCalifornianyouths,lived the free
and openlifeofa picturesquevaquero. High-spirited
horses,roamthe
hundreds
over
the
field
and
wooded
hillsidessuring by
grassy
roundingthe Carrilloranchhouse,werehis constantcompanions;
throwingmammothsteersand stalkingsavage grizzlybearswere
his sportsand relaxations.Indians aboundedin the Santa Rosa
on
Valley at thattime,and hundredsof themfoundemployment
the Carrillorancho. For sons of the gentede razón therewereto
be no menialtasks. Let thesebe done by los indios!
The whole north-bay
regionwas at thattimeunderthe miliGeneralMariano Guadatarycontrolof Joaquin'sbrother-in-law,
all
in
lupe Vallejo. Nearly youths that area were subjectto duty
in the PresidiaiCompanyof San Francisco,centeredin the pueblo
of Sonoma. Joaquinservedin Sonomain the early 1840's,along
withhis brothers,
Julion,JoséRamon,Juanand Dolores.
On April25, 1842,Joaquinwas marriedin the chapelofMis282
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
sion San FranciscoSolano de Sonoma.1 His bride was Señorita
Guadalupe Caseres,daughterof the prominentSpanish pioneer,
FranciscoCaseres,who had emigratedfromSpain in 1816 and
arrivedin Alta Californiain 1817. Amongthe childrenbornof
thismarriagewere: EnriqueGuadalupe,Isabela, Frederico,Maria,
Francisco,Amelia, Luisa, Catalina, Josefa,and AlbertoRonaldo
Carrillo.2
On March 29, 1844, GovernorManuel Micheltorenagranted
JoaquinCarrillothreesquare leagues of Rancho Llano de Santa
Rosa.3 This property,
consistingof 13, 317 acres,lay west of his
mother'srancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa. It had previouslybeen
grantedto Marcus West, whose title to the propertyhad been
allowed to lapse priorto Joaquin'sgrant.
Selectinga site on his sprawlingranchonear a large pond
knownas the Laguna, JoaquinCarrillobuilt his home.4At first
he erecteda small adobe; later,when he had becomemorefirmly
he builta large and comfortable
adobe housein which
established,
his wife,GuadalupeCaseresde Carrillo,and his childrenmadetheir
home formany years. This house facedeast on a part of the old
Spanishtrail,a road that was later used by the firststage-coach
lines to penetrateSonomaCounty.
The Bear Flag Revoltburstsuddenlyupon theresidentsofthe
regionnorthofSan FranciscoBay in Juneof 1846. IsolatedAmerican immigrants
had been filtering
intoCaliforniaforovertwenty
years; but they had been treatedcordially,in many cases given
rich grantsof government
land, and had, forthe mostpart,conductedthemselves
in a friendlyand peacefulmanner. Now,under
the ambitiousproddingof the newly-arrivedCaptain John C.
hosts.
Fremont,theywere"rebelling"againsttheiraccommodating
JoaquinCarrillowas in Sonoma at the time of the raisingof the
Bear Flag, and, as one of the district's
mostprominent
citizens,he
was takenprisonerby ulos Osos" along with his brothers-in-law,
Marianoand SalvadorVallejo,and severalotherprominent
Sonoma
residents.They were takento Sutter'sFort,thereto languishfor
nearlya monthand a halfawaitingtheireventualreleaseby order
of CommodoreStockton.
Whenthehecticeventsof 1846 came to an end and California
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
and the blood of battle
emergedthroughthe smokeof controversy
as part of the UnitedStates,JoaquínCarrillowas one of the few
Spanish Californianswho adapted with relativeease to the new
orderof things. In mid-1846,he assumedthe importantofficeof
Alcalde (Mayor) of Sonoma. At thattime,the pueblo of Sonoma
was the onlylegallyconstituted
northof San Francisco
settlement
authBay. In the size of its populationand in its administrative
a
far
Yerba
outshone
its
it
southern
Buena, sleepy
rival,
ority,
as
later
was
to
known
sometime
be
the City of San
that
pueblo
Francisco.
In the early 1850's Americansettlersbegan squattingon the
Carrillolands in and aroundthe Santa Rosa Valley, and Rancho
Llano de Santa Rosa steadilydecreasedin size. In the 1850's, at
a time when talk of the CrimeanWar was on the lips of people
throughoutthe world,a group of Americanpioneersfoundeda
- namingtheirsettletown on part of JoaquínCarrillo'srancho,
mentforanothermorefamouscityin the Crimea,Sebastopol.
In the early days of Llano de Santa Rosa, therehad been a
greatnumberof Indians on the property.For many years,flint
arrowheadsand stonemortarsand pestleswere uncovered,attestbeforethe
ing to the presencethereof a large native settlement
advent of the Spanish.5 When ranchingand farmingactivities
werebegunby JoaquínCarrillo,numerousIndianswereemployed
as laborers. But thousandsof them died in whiteman's plagues
duringthe 1840's,and afterthe Americanconquestonlya fewremained. Now, proudcaballeroswere forcedto descendfromtheir
prancinghorsesand guide plows throughthe rollingfieldsthat
lay along the banks of Laguna Creek. Though they grumbled
as theywentaboutsuchmenialtasks,JoaquinCarrilloand his sons
did not refuse.They knewthat thiswas the price of survivalin
the new Americanlife.
Joaquinand GuadalupeCarrillooperateda hotelin the town
of Sebastopolforseveralyears,and throughwise managementof
theirproperties,
managed to avoid the povertythat had plagued
othermembersof theirfamily. Probablyin the 1870's, Joaquin
at Llano de Santa Rosa
turnedovermostofhis remainingproperty
to his wife,and when she died,in 1874,her estatewas valued in
284
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
excessof $48,000,then a large sum. Twelve-hundred
remaining
acres of the old Carillo rancho,alone, were appraisedat $36,000.6
In about 1876,Joaquinmarriedforthe secondtime. His wife
was Mary Springer,a residentof the sea-coasttown of Bodega.
Joaquinand Mary Carrillocontinuedfora timeto live in Sebastopol,and theirlast yearswerespentin relativequiet.7
♦
*
*
*
PartX
JoseRamonCarrillo
Was
fcfVg^jHE SECOND SON OF JOAQUINAND MARIAIgnacia Canillo
HpJra| JoséRamon,bornat San Diego in 1823.8 Comingnorth
ISlwSPH to the San Francisco Bay region in about 1837, José
Ramonsettledwithhis motherand severalof his brothersand sisterson RanchoCabeza de Santa Rosa, northof Sonoma.
In the traditionalmanner of the Spanish Californian,this
the
memberof the Carrillofamilywas skilledin horsemanship,
handlingof the reata,and particularlyin the popularCalifornia
sportof bear fighting.William Heath Davis, in his Seventy-Five
Yearsin California,writesofan incidentin whichthe remarkable
courageand skill withwhichJoséRamonstalkedand killedthese
huge animalsis shown:
He had a large sharpknife,and taking[a] mochilafromhis saddle
he held it in his lefthand as a shield,and thus accouteredapproached
the bear, whichimmediately
showedfight.The combatbegan. Carrillo,
as the bear chargedupon him and attemptedto seize him,held up his
shield to repel the assault,and withhis knifein the otherhand made
skillfulthrustsat theanimal,withtellingeffect.
Beforelong,thecreature
dead
before
him.9
lay
On another occasion, José Ramon's mastery of the bear was
shown, not by his brawn, but by his quick and clear thinking:
He was riding alone throughthe woods, when, seeing a bear a
littledistanceaway, he wentafterhim on his horse,preparedto throw
his reata and lasso him. That part of the countrywas overgrownwith
chamiza, so that the groundwas a good deal hidden. The chase had
hardlycommencedwhenthebear plungedsuddenlyintoa ditch,perhaps
fiveor six feetdeep. BeforeCarrillo could checkhis horse,the animal
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
and himselfplungedheadlonginto it also¿ He immediately
disentangled
himselffromhis horse,and, while doing so, the bear showedsigns of
...
retreating
Don JoseRamoninstantly
tookin thesituation
; and saw thatin such
close quarterswiththe animal,withno room to move about to use his
reata or otherwisedefendhimself,his situationwould be a dangerous
one should the courage of the bear revive; and thathis safetywas in
allowinghim to get away. The bear commencedto climb up the steep
sides of thepit,whereit was verydifficult
to get any kindof a hold, and
with
wonderful
of
Carrillo,
presence mind,placed his strongarm under
the brute'shind quartersand, exertingall his strength,
gave him a good
lift.The bear havingthe good sense to rightlyappreciatethis friendly
assistance,struggledforward,got out, and scamperedaway, leavingthe
horseand his masterto climbout as besttheycould.10
In the late 1830's and early1840's,theresidentsof California
exhibitedan uneasyfeelingaboutthe increasingthreatof foreign
dominationin theircountry.For many years,England,France,
and Russia,among Europeannations,had showna keen interest
in California'sfineharborsand fertileranchland. And witheach
passingyear,the "manifestdestiny"of the UnitedStateswas becomingmore and more a realityto the Californios,In October,
1842- threeyears beforethe beginningof the Mexican WarCommodoreThomas A. C. Jonesof the U. S. Navy appearedin
Montereyand, raisingthe Starsand Stripesoverthe old customs
house, demanded California'spromptsurrenderto the United
States. It was all a mistake,as he later explained;and he apologized profusely.But still the Californianshad an uncomfortable
affairs.And as, each
feelingabout theirpositionin international
hundreds
of
from
the
United
Statescrossedthe
year,
immigrants
Sierra Nevada to make homes forthemselveson Californiasoil,
theSpanishand Mexicanresidents
ofthecountrygrewincreasingly
uneasy. So it was almostinevitablethat,when that thunderbolt
of energyand ambition,CaptainJohnC. Fremont,reachedCaliforniain late 1845,a seriesof unhappyeventsinvolvingboththe
Americansand the nativeresidentsof Californiawas sureto take
place.
First,therewas the Gabilan Peak episodeof March,1846,in
whichthe Californianforcesof GeneralJoséCastrowere openly
286
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
defiedby Fremont.Then followedthecaptureofLieutenantArce's
herd of 150 Mexican horsesand, in June,1846, the famousand
infamousBear Flag Revolt. Of this latterincidentin California's
historyinnumerableaccountshave been written.And much has
been said on bothsidesregardingits historicalnecessityor justification. But,in the finalanalysis,one factremains:the Bear Flag
Revoltcontributed
littleto the progresstowardpeacefulAmerican
of
California
thatenlightened
leadersofbothsideswere
occupation
workingfor;instead,it added fuel to the alreadyburningfireof
antagonismbetweenthe Americansand the native Californians.
One of the mostunfortunate
incidentsarisingfromthisfeelof
in
took
late
June,1846,involvingtheJuan
ing antagonism
place
Padilla band of Californians.This groupof twentyor thirtyreckless men had rangedthroughthe countryaround San Francisco
at Sonomain the Bear
Bay formanydays awaitingdevelopments
in the band was JoséRamonCarOne ofthe officers
Flag Revolt.11
of
the
"Carrillos
of
San
rillo,
Diego."
no hostilitiesat a timewhenthey
Althoughtheycommitteed
could well have done so, the groupeventuallybecameinvolvedin
violencewhen,at Santa Rosa on June18 or 19, two Americans
Thomas Cowie and GeorgeFowler - were murdered.12
Both of
thesemen had been membersof the Bear Flag Party,and rumors
immediatelyspread that they had been cruellytorturedbefore
theirdeaths. Many personsbelievedJoséRamonCarrilloto have
been involved.And althoughbothhe and his friendsmaintained
thathe had had no complicityin the crime,suspicionand bitterness towardhim continuedin many quarters.13
During the Mexican War, JoséRamonjoined GeneralCastro
and his Californianforces,going southand takingpart in some
of the mostimportant
campaignsof the war. In September,1846,
he was partofa groupofCalifornios
underthecommandofServulo
Várela who had risenagainstthe UnitedStatessoldiersthenholdM
ing Los Angeles. Later in Septemberor early October,Carrillo
and Várela were in commandof a similargroupof Californians
who, comingfromLos Angeles,aided JoséLugo in the siege of
BenitoWilson at RanchoChino. Here, JoséRamon was credited
by Michael White,one of the besiegedparty,with having inter287
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
vened to preventthe executionof the Americansaftertheirsurrender.He said: "They say thatI am an assassin. I will proveto
the worldthatI am not."15
December6, 1846,was a proudday in the lifeofJoséRamon
Carrillo. As one of the skillfuland courageousCalifornian"Lancers" underGeneralAndresPico, he foughtfearlesslyat the tiny
Indian village of San Pascual, northof San Diego. The Californians' opponentswere UnitedStatesdragoonsfromthe "Armyof
theWest"commandedby BrigadierGeneralStephenWattsKearny.
This was the bloodiestmilitaryencounterever to take place on
Californiasoil,but afterthe smokeof battlehad cleared,the Californianforce,badly outnumbered
fromthe first,founditselfmiraculouslyvictorious.
Upon theconclusionofthewar,Carrilloremainedin Southern
Californiaand, in February,1847, marriedSeñoraVicentaSepulveda de Yorba,daughterof FranciscoSepulvedaand RamonaSerrano, and widow of the respectedSouthernCaliforniaranchero,
Don Tomás Yorba.16Followingtheirmarriage,JoséRamonand
his wifelived in the 18 roomYorba adobe on RanchoLa Sierrita
near Santa Ana. In 1851, while in San Diego, Carrillopurchased
of William Heath Davis foruse in his home at La
the furniture
Sierrita.17
Doña Vicenta continuedin the managementof the property
she had accumulatedduringher marriageto Yorba and, in 1858,
boughtan 18,000 acre tractof JonathanWarner'sranch in San
Diego County.There,forseveralyears,a large numberof cattle
and sheepweregrazed,underthemanagementand part-ownership
of JoséRamon.18
Three sons and fivedaughterswere born of this marriage.
They were: JoséRamon,a lifetimeresidentof the townof Yorba,
whose childrenwere Esperanza Carrillo and Mrs. Ellen Reeves
ofYorba; Clodromio,
long a residentof Santa Ana, who had a son,
CharlesG. Carrillo;Garibaldo,bornat Warner'sRanch,who was
a well-known
cattleman;Maria YgnaciaHarris;Encarnación(Chapeta) Richards;Natalia (Mrs. Adolph) Rimpau; FelicidadKirby;
and EdelfridaAlvarado.
In later years,José Ramon Carrillowas tried by both the
288
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
courtsof Californiaforthe
Vigilantesand the legally constituted
maintained
murdersof Cowie and Fowler. He had consistently
his innocenceof these crimes;and thoughAmericansconnected
with the Bear Flag Partyhad long suspectedhim, therewas no
morethan a pittanceof circumstantial
evidenceto linkhim to the
murders.Beforebothtribunals,he was promptly
aquitted.
Numerousstorieswere told of JoséRamon'ssupposedexploits
in the years afterhis alleged involvementwith the murdersof
Cowie and Fowler.19One of thesealleged thathe was a notorious
highwaymanand buriedthreeboxes of stolentreasurein a wash
somewherebetweenCucamongaand San Bernardino.Afterhis
death,so thestorygoes,an Indianwhohad helpedhimin theburial
fromNew Mexitoldthestoryofthehiddentreasureto twosettlers
This latter
an
American.
confided
to
who
later
the
same
co,
story
man is supposedto have thereuponset out on an earnestbut unAnd veryprobablyhe
successfulsearchforthe buriedtreasure.20
did, for even until recentyears,creduloustreasureseekershave
dug in washesand undertreesbetweenCucamongaand San Bernardinoin a diligentbut unrewardingsearchfor the legendary
booty.
Throughthe yearsthereseemsto have been considerableconfusionconcerningthe names of JoséRamon Carrillo. Most freto as "Ramon,"followingthe notinfreququentlyhe was referred
ofdroppingthefirstgiven
entpracticeamongSpanish-Californians
name. At othertimes he was confusedlycalled "Joaquín,"the
propernameofhis brother.BecauseofJoséRamon'sconstantactivityduringthe yearsfrom1846 to 1864,duringwhichtimehe was
oftenreferred
to as "JoaquinCarrillo"or "Carillo,"it seemspossible thathe was partiallyresponsibleforthe compositelegendof
JoaquinMurieta. JohnRolinRidge,in his originalaccountof the
infamousbandit'slife,statesthis: "ThereweretwoJoaquin'sbearing the various surnamesof Murieta,O'Comorenia,Valenzuela,
Botellier,and Carillo- so that it was supposedtherewere no less
than fivesanguinarydevils rangingthe countryat one and the
sametime."21Whetheror notJoséRamonwas a "sanguinarydevil"
to by Ridgecannotbe definitely
and one oftheindividualsreferred
known.
289
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In 1858, Rancho Cucamonga,locateda shortdistancefrom
Carrillo'shome at Santa Ana, was purchasedby JohnRains and
his wife,MercedesWilliams de Rains. Soon after,a new home
was builton theproperty
and extensiveacresweresetoutin grapes
and othercrops. JoséRamonCarrillowas installedon therancho
as superintendent
of stock. Cucamongaseemedto be enjoyinga
vigorousprosperity.
Then, on November17, 1862,JohnRains' bodywas foundon
theroadto Los Angeles,shotin theback,evidently
draggedthrough
thebrushand cactus,and lefttothecoyotes.Therewas no evidence
to indicatehis murderer.22
werepointedat severalpersons,amongthem
Suspiciousfingers
JoséRamon. In 1863 he was arraignedbeforeJudgeBenjamin
Hayes in Los Angeles,but afterexamination,was discharged.
Opinionin Los Angeleswas sharplydividedover his connection
withthe crime,and therewas muchsecretdiscussion.23
Meanwhile,a man by thename of Manuel Cerredell,ill with
smallpoxand expectingto die, confessedthathe had been one of
severalmen involvedin the murderof Rains. Cerredellgot well,
was triedand sentencedto San Quentin. But beforehe could be
north,he was takenfromthe custodyoftheauthorities
transported
by a partyof vigilantesand summarilyhanged.
Now JoséRamonmade only infrequent
visitsto Cucamonga
- keepingout of sight and reach of the vigilantes. There was
rumorto the effect
thathe was hidingin themountainswithsome
twentyor moreadherentsand thatthe militaryofthe districthad
The Los AngelesNews accusedhim
ordersto shoothim on sight.24
of being the leader of a band of cutthroats
who were responsible
forseveralrecentassaultsand murders.He had abundantreason
to considerhis lifein danger.
Sometimelater,JudgeHayes askedthe commanderat Drum
Barracks,Colonel Curtis,to supplyCarrillowith militaryprotection. And late in 1863 or 1864 JoséRamonpresentedhimselfto
the colonel.25
In 1861,in his capacityas a Union Armyscout,Carrillohad
to gather
been sent into Arizonaand along the Sonoranfrontier
forces.
rebel
Los
the
information
Now,
concerning
Angeles cor290
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- RobertRamonHarrisCollection
de Yorba
Sepulveda
de Carrillo
Married Jose Ramon Carillo
in February,1847.
Vicenta
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- CourtesyAnitaCarrilloMyers
Julio Carrillo
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
of the Alta Californiawroteto his editorin San Franrespondent
ciscothatJoséRamon'sobjectin procuring
withCurtis
hisinterview
was to satisfythe colonel"thatit was notbecausehe was believed
to be the instigatorof the murderof Rains that he was pursued
with such pertinacity,
but because he knew of a conspiracythat
existedin theearlypartof1862to capturea trainofmilitarystores
thatwas en routefromSan Pedroto FortYuma, and transfer
the
sameto theConfederates
wrhowereat thattimein Tucson."26Soon
after,Carrillowent to Los Angelesto conferwith severalof the
leadingmembersof the VigilanceCommittee.And at about that
timean apparentchangeof feelingtowardhim tookplace among
the inhabitantsof the city.
In April,1864, JoséRamonwroteto his brother,Julio:"The
me is a man by thename ofBob
personwho has alwayspersecuted
. He doesnotdo it personally
Carlisle[JohnRains'brother-in-law]
but throughotherspaid by him. The reason forthis continued
abuse is thatI did not abandonmy place as superintendent
of the
stockat the time of JohnRains' death,and that I still hold the
position. . . He is tryingto get the powerwhichI have fromthe
widowherself,who is the absoluteownerofthe property... I am
resolvedto protecther if it costsmy life."27
Mrs. Rains was drivingin her carriageon the highwaywest
of CucamongaStage Station. JoséRamon was accompanyingher
on horseback.Suddenly,a shotrangout,and Carrillofellfromhis
horse. Regaininghis feet,he walkedabout a thousandyards,only
to sinka shortdistancefromthetavernkeptby William Rubottom
nearthesycamores
on thewestideofRed Hill. He was carriedinto
the tavernwherehe died withina fewhours.28
The attitudeofthe Californios
his deathcan easily
concerning
be imagined. JudgeHayes wrotein a letterto JohnBrown:"You
have littleidea ofthequiet,deep-seated
on
rage oftheCalifornians
the subject. I thinkI understandthem perfectly.They ask me
continuallyif the authoritiesof San Bernardinoare going to do
somethingin relationto it. But in generaltheysay littleabout
it- so much the worse. If theywere excitedand passionateand
clamorous,I shouldhave less apprehension."29
José Ramon's murdererwas never judicially identified.His
291
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
death was as mysterious
as had been that of JohnRains. Lewis
Tavernforseveral
Love,a man who had been livingat Rubottom's
weeksbeforethe shooting,
and who disappearedshortlythereafter,
was stronglysuspectedof the crime. CaptainHenryWilkes,who
had been sheriff
of San BernardinoCountyshortlybeforeand was
now under-sheriff,
of the case.
conductedan officialinvestigation
Writingto JudgeHayes,he said: "The reportyou heardin regard
to Love as the murdererwas correct.There is not a doubtof it.
- he could
His objectin doingso you can judge as well as myself
have none personally,
forhe neverspokea wordto Carrillo."Two
days afterreceivingWilkes letter,Hayes swore to a complaint
againstLove,and on an orderissuedby JudgePablo de la Guerra,
Hayes' successorin the DistrictCourt,Love was arrestedin San
Franciscoin Augustand deliveredto the sheriff
of San Bernardino
it refusedto
County.But whenthe grandjurymetin September,
indicthim, declaringthattherewas insufficient
evidenceforconand
viction.JoseRamonCarrillo'smurderer
was neverdiscovered,
eventuallythe crimewas forgotten.
In lateryearsit was reportedthat a Mexican outlawby the
name of BernardinoGarcia,alias "Four-Fingered
Jack,"had confessedto the 1846 murdersof Cowie and Fowler.30Thus was Carrillo once again absolvedof complicityin thatcrime.
a vigorous,reckHe had led a life of intrigueand adventure,
less,intenselife; and he died as he had lived. But therehad been
therehad been pamorethan dare-devilaudacityin his character,
and doggedcourage, courage,notonlyin battleor in the
triotism
a
of
face
lunginggrizzlybear,- butcouragetofacean unjustpublic
scorn. JoséRamonCarrillowas neverconvictedof a seriouscrime,
thoughhe paid withhis lifeforwhat othershad convictedhim of
in theirminds. He came of a finefamily,and his familyalways
stoodbehindhim. As late as June 10, 1863, his brother-in-law,
General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, wroteto FranciscaBenicia
CarrilloVallejo fromSan Francisco:
I have just seen Tederica Fichet and Don AndresPico and other
thatcame fromLos Angeles.Theysaid thattheyhad just left
gentlemen
your brother,Ramon Carrillo,on a ranchogood and healthy,and that
thathas been said . . . about him is false.
everything
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
Of his generalcharacter,
it has been said thatJoséRamonwas
a roughand recklessman,oftenin poorcompany,butnotregarded
as bad by thosewho knewhim best. William Heath Davis speaks
fondlyof his meetingswithCarrilloduringthe earlydaysof California,and writes:"JoséRamonCarrillo. . . was himselfas gentle
as a lamb. There always appearedon his face,whetherin conversation
ornot,a peculiarsmile,whichindicatedhis goodnature."31
*
*
*
*
Part XI
Juan and DoloresCarrillo
Lopez de Carrillo
f|Sïg5Iwo SONsof Joaquín and maria iGNAciA
to be
|m£S| died at early ages, and thereis littleinformation
I™«™ foundin historicalrecordsconcerningtheirlives. Their
names were Juanand DoloresCarrillo.
María Ignacia Lopez de Carrillopetitionedon January19,
1838, forher RanchoCabeza de Santa Rosa in Sonoma County.32
At thattimeshe listedherselfas a widowwithfiveboysand four
girls. The fourgirls were her then-unmarried
daughters:Maria
de la Luz, Juana de Jesus,Felicidad and Marta. The five boys
were: Joaquín,JoséRamon,Julio,and the above mentionedJuana
and Dolores.
All of the sons of Maria Ignacia Carrilloperformed
military
dutyin Sonomain the early1840's. JuanCarrillois listedin provincial recordsas havingbeen a soldierof the San FranciscoPresidiai Company,headquartersof which were at Sonoma,in 1841.
His age at that time was probablyabout twentyyears. Dolores
Carrillois listedas havingbeen at Sonomain 1844,aged twenty.33
He was bornprobablyin 1824.
JuanCarrillo,the eldestof thesetwo sons,was poisonedearly
in the 1840's at Cabeza de Santa Rosa. The presumedculpritwas
a negrocook thenin the employof Maria Ignacia Lopez de Carrillo.34Juanwas takento Sonoma,wherehe died in a shorttime.
He was buriedin the Chapel of MissionSan FranciscoSolano de
Sonoma,near the hallowed Franciscanaltar. Here, in 1849, his
motherwas to join him in burial.
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Part XII
JulioCarrillo
'jNk^gtjluLiocarrillo, youngest son of Joaquín and Maria Ig-
1111
111 nac^a'was bornin theCasa de Carrilloin San Diegoin
Following the death of his father,in about 1836, Julio, with
his mother,brothers,and sisters,moved to the region northof San
Francisco Bay, and in 1838 assumed ownership of the spacious
rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa. Here, in the fertileand picturesque
Santa Rosa Valley, Julio Carrillo was to live his life of happiness
and sorrow for fiftyyears to come.
The dowager Señora Carrillo selected a homesitein the central
part of the valley, on the wooded banks of the Santa Rosa Creek.
Here, Julio and her other sons, supervised by Salvador Vallejo,
built the large and spacious Carrillo adobe. This house, the first
built in the Santa Rosa region, was located less than thirtymiles
fromthe menacing Russian settlementof Fort Ross and was at that
time Spanish California'smostnortherlyadobe. Indians were numerous in this area, and great numbers of wild bear freelyroamed
- posing a constantbut never overwhelmingdanger
the countryside
to this sturdypioneer family.
Julio's sisters,Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo and Maria
de la Luz Carrillo de Vallejo, lived almost twentymiles south of
Santa Rosa in the pueblo of Sonoma. The entirenorth-bayregion
was under the militarycommand of Francisca's husband, General
Vallejo. Visiting between Santa Rosa and Sonoma was frequent,
with open-handed California hospitalityprevailing in both places.
The Carrillo boys were subject to militaryduty in the 1840's under
the authorityof the Presidio of San Francisco,centeredat Sonoma.
In later years, Julio wrote that he "entered the employ of General
Vallejo at the age of 17,"35and this may be taken as evidence of
militaryservice,forat that time the northernfrontierof California
was maintained by the General almost exclusively out of his personal earnings.
In June of 1846, the month of the abortive Bear Flag Revolt,
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
Juliowas still in Sonoma. When Mariano Vallejo, SalvadorValto Sutter's
lejo,and Julio'sbrother,
Joaquin,weretakenas prisoners
Julio's
Francisca
and
María
la
de Luz, prevailedupon
Fort,
sisters,
him to go to the Sacramentoand reportback upon the condition
of the prisoners.With a pass obtainedfromthe Bear Flag commanderin Sonoma,JuliodepartedforSutter'slate in June. When
he arrivedhe was permitted
and hisbrotherstotalkwithhisbrother
in-law and to sympathizewiththeirhumiliatingsituation.They
had longbeen friendsoftheAmericanimmigrants
who werecrossSierra
the
Nevadas
on California's
to
homes
for
make
themselves
ing
now was nothingbut a monstrous
sunnysoil. Their imprisonment
a
blunder
master
blunderer,JohnC. Fremont.
faux pas,
by the
But Juliosaw thattheirconditionwas notunbearable,thatCaptain
Sutterwas endeavoringto treatthe prisonersFremonthad forced
on him witha certainmeasureofcourtesy.This was thenewsthat
he would bringto his sisters.
But when Juliorose to leave, he founda man with a rifle
standingin the doorwaybeforehim. The pass he had obtainedin
to leave
Sonomawas to be revoked,and he wouldnotbe permitted
the fort."Fremont'sorders,"was the only explanation. Let his
sisters'anxietiesgo unchecked!
For morethana monthJuliowas a prisoner.If conditionsat
Sutter'sForthad been almostpleasantat first,
theychangedradicas
The
were
made
time
incomunicado;the
passed.
prisoners
ally
foodservedthemwas meagre,and theirbeds werealmostunsleepable. Many days passedwithouta ray of sunshinereachingthem.
In the outsideworld,momentouseventswere takingplace, but if
knewof them,it
Julio,Joaquín,and theirVallejo brothers-in-law
was only throughwhisperedrumors. On July 7, Californiahad
passed fromMexican rule into the hands of the United States.
Weeks draggedby, and finallya message reached Sacramento,
directedto LieutenantJosephWarren Revere,grandsonof the
famousPaul Revere. It read:
By orderof CommodoreRobertF. Stockton,who has succeededto
the commandof the U. S. Forces in the Pacific Ocean and California,
you will please liberateGeneralDon Guadalupe Vallejo and Don Julio
Carrillo fromconfinement
to returnto theirhomes.36
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Back in Sonoma and Santa Rosa, Carrillo and Vallejo found
that their absence had cost them dearly. Herds of cattle and horses
had been plundered, crops desecrated, and warehouses sacked.
Where abundant prosperityhad once prevailed, ruin was now to
be seen. Julio and his brothersattemptedto restorethe Carrillo
rancho at Santa Rosa to its formercondition. But with hundreds
of "Gringos" coming into California each year determinedto live
offthe fat of the fertileranch-land,their chances at success were
dim. A few years later, Don Julio was to estimate his losses in
damages resultingfromthe Bear Flag Revolt at more than $1 7,000,
then a very sizable sum. The United States governmentadmitted
- but it was not overgenerous.
that it owed him some reparation,
In the end, Julio was given $2,670.
Upon the death of Maria Ignacia Lopez de Carrillo in 1849,
Julio and his sistersinherited parts of the Cabeza de Santa Rosa
rancho. Juana, Felicidad, and Marta Carrillo received property
upon which the old Carrillo adobe stood. Julio received a section
that lay across Santa Rosa Creek from his sisters' holdings and
bordered Rancho San Miguel. In the late 1840's or early 1850's,
Julio erected an adobe home there,near what was later to become
the corner of Second and Main Streetsin Santa Rosa. The house
was built for him by JohnBailiff.37
The advent of American rule broughtabout a sudden change
in the old Californianway of life. The native residentsof the state,
who had lived fornearly eightyyears in an idyllic agrarian paradise, saw all that had been familiar to them suddenlyrentasunder.
The change of language fromSpanish to English was not the most
striking transformation. Economics, religion, agriculture, social
modes, and law- these things,too, were suddenly altered. Adjustment on the part of the native Californianswas oftentimesdifficult.
One record fromthe earliest days of American rule atteststo this.
It is dated October 2, 1846:
U. StatesVs. JulioCarrillo.Afterhavingexaminedthe case the
is guiltyoftheallegedallegaCourtis of theopinionthatthedefendant
the
is
that
the deft,be condemned
therefore
to
theft;
tion,
judgement
hardlaborsofthepublicworksfor8 days.38
There is no mentionof what Juliohad stolen,but judging from
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
the depletedconditions
ofhis herdsat thattime (thiswas justafter
the Bear Flag Revolt), it was probablya steer.He wouldcertainly
have had need forsuch an animalforfood. But regardlessofwhat
the specificobjectwas, the principleremainedthe same. Salvador
Vallejo, in memoirswrittenfor Hubert Howe Bancroft,pleaded
the case of JulioCarrilloand countlessothernative Californians
who were enmeshedto a greateror lesserdegreein the claws of
the new and strangeAmericanlaws:
"Formerlyour cattle roamed by thousands,"Salvador writes,
law ofthe land granted
"yetnot one was stolen,fortheunwritten
to the wearytravelerthe privilegeof killingcattlewheneverhe
wantedbeef,so long as he placed the hide wherethe ownercould
of Californiato the UnitedStates
easilyfindit. Since the transfer
Californians
native
been
have
many
hangedforstealingcattle,and
I firmlybelievethatsomeof the victimsdid not knowthatunder
the new government
it was a crimeto kill a steerforwhichthey
had not a bill of sale."39
A footnoteto Julio'spatheticcase statesthis:
Theabovejudgement
is commuted
Revere
byorderofLieutenant
bythe
fineofninedollars.
Rec'dpayment.
Nash.40
(Signed)John
This was the adventof Americanismforthe Californio.
In 1850,Major Edwin A. Sherman,together
withthe Sonoma
CountySurveyorand LieutenantGeorgeDerby of the U. S. TopographicalEngineers,undertooka surveyof the Carrillorancho
Cabeza de Santa Rosa. Shermanwritesofhis experiences:
"But two houseswere therethen,one being occupiedby the
owner,JulioCarrillo. . . The ranchocoveredseveralleagues of
land, upon whichwerethousandsof cattleand hundredsof horses,
as on all otherSpanishgrantsin California."
Don Julio heard the surveyorsspeakingin English about the
Masonic Lodge then being organizedin Sonoma. The rites of
Masonrywere completelyunfamiliarto him, but he was anxious
to learn them. Major Shermanwrites: "I was askedto interpret
forhim,whichI did. He was delightedto be informed
and inquired the cost. He was told thatit was one hundredand fiftydollars
with all the extras;but that it was necessaryforhim to have a
finenew brandingiron,made of polishedsteel,forbrandingevery
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
animal that he shouldafterwards
sell or give away, and that he
mustfirstbe brandedwithit himself!" Julioponderedthe situation fora few moments,then,witha slighthesitation,said "Está
bueno." He gave Derby an orderforthe moneyin Sonoma,and
signedthepetitionto theLodgethatDerbywroteout forhim; and
in due time it was presentedto the Lodge forits action. Carrillo
was electedand thetimesetforhis initiation. . .
"The new brandingiron of polishedsteel had been made,"
Shermancontinues,"and I had an Indian carryup some large
adobe bricksto my roomon the secondstory,a littleway offfrom
the preparationroom of the Lodge, wherea small forgewas set
up. I obtainedthe loan ofa large hand bellowsfromDon Pepe, a
Californiansilversmith,
who made ornamentsforsaddlesand bridles. I also procuredabouta gallonofcharcoaland a piece ofrawhide withthe hair on it, and made everything
readyforSectionI
of that initiation,not providedforin the ritual. When the time
came and the candidatewas ready,the brandingiron was ready,
too,and was handedto Derbywho,witha piece of paperbetween
it and theflesh,quicklyappliedit to thecandidate'slefthip,at the
same time that I put the piece of rawhideon the burningcoals.
Carrillo exclaimed fiercely,"Es bastante,es bastante!" (it is
enough!) the smell of the burninghide makinghim thinkthatit
was his ownfleshthatwas burning,as he was blindfolded
and could
not see. Afterthe firstreception,
whenhe returnedto the preparationroom,he wantedto see wherehe had been burned,but could
see no sear,and therefore
thoughtit was a miracle." Thus Julio
Carrillobecame California'sfirstnative-born
Mason.41
In the early 1850's,JulioCarrillomarriedSeñoritaTeodosia
Bojorques,a memberof one of SpanishCalifornia'searliestpioneer
José Ramon Bojorques,had
families.42Teodosia's grandfather,
cometo Californiain 1775 as partofthesecondexpeditionof Captain JuanBautistade Anza, and was thusone of the firstsettlers
On November22, 1854, Julio'sson Francisco
of San Francisco.43
AlbertoCarrillo,was baptized by ArchbishopJosephAlemany.
was Julio'ssister,JosefaCarrillode Fitch,
The infant'sgodmother
ofSanta Rosa on herRanchoSotoyomi.Other
thenlivingnortheast
childrenof Julio and Teodosia Carrillowere Elizabeth,Felicia,
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
Lulu, Alexanderand Babe.44AlexanderCarrillo,youngestson of
Julio,died in San Franciscoon February13, 1947,at theage of86.
In the early 1850's, the City of Santa Rosa was foundedon
the old Cabeza de Santa Rosa rancho. Julio Carrillolacked the
businessexperiencethat characterizedthe Americanpioneersin
his midst,but he was not to be outdoneby anyonein generosity.
in
When a surveyforthe new citywas made,Juliogave property
the centralblockfora plaza. He envisionedthereluxuriouslandscaping,playing fountains,a bandstand,and afternoonconcerts
like thoseheld in the plazas of Latin Americancities.45This, he
reasoned,would do the Cityof Santa Rosa proud!
A few years later, Santa Rosa became the seat of Sonoma
County,and the centralsquareofthe townwas selectedas the site
for the new Courthouse.Julio's benificencebroughthim little
reward,even thoughhe enjoyeda certainamountof recognition
amongthe early-dayresidentsofthecity. Mostofthemknewthat
and theyspoke
he had donatedthe land forSonoma'sCourthouse,
to him cordiallywhen he was seen on the streets.But as forreal
therewas littleamongthem.
gratitude,
Juliowas jovial, big-hearted,
and generousalmostto the end
of his days; but as the yearspassedby his business-sense
remained
nil. His lands in and aroundSanta Rosa steadilydiminished,
and,
as theydid, his futuregrewmoreand morebleak. Still,Juliowas
an inveteratepokerplayer,who has been characterizedby one
writeras a man "whocoulddropa league ofranchoin a briefpoker
game witha cheerful'Adios' to speed the parting."
Toward the end of his life,titleto the propertyon which the
Sonoma CountyCourthousestoodcame under dispute. As a gestureof repayment,
offered
Julioa job in the CourtCountyofficials
house. It was an ignominious
but
positionas janitorand caretaker,
Juliowas too poor to refuse. In additionto cleaningup around
the building,he servedoccasionallyas CourtCaller- announcing
in a voice thatcarriedthroughout
almostthe entirecitythe opening of sessionsofCourt.Later,he was givena monthlysubsistence
allotmentof $10.46
The native Sons of the Golden West admittedJulioCarrillo
as an honorarymemberin the last yearsof his life. But it was a
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THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
hollow reward. On October30, 1889, Juliodied quietlyin Santa
Rosa. Hearkeningback to the dayswhenhe had been California's
firstnative-born
Mason,he was givena Masonicfuneral.
JulioCarrillowas only 62 yearsold at his death,but he had
seen a vast panoramaof Californiahistorypass beforehim in his
lifetime.Thirteenyears later,his widow,Teodosia Bojorquesde
Carrillo,fileda petitionfortheestateofherhusband.At thattime
was appraisedat the meagresum of $l,050.47
his property
A colorfulpioneerin California'searly days, Julio Carrillo
had reasonto be disillusionedby the Americanconquest.He did
not complain,but facedhis troubleswitha smile. He had helped
to bringhis troubleson himself.And,afterall, he reasonedphilosophically,povertywas the fateof the Californio.
NOTES
(I wish to thankthe followingpersonsforhelp receivedin the preparationof these
articles:RobertRamonHarris,grandsonof JoséRamonCarrillo;Mrs. MildredCaseres,
widow of the late FranciscoCaseres; Mrs. Madie D. Brown; and Mrs. Natalia Vallejo
McGinty.)
1. Recordsof St. FrancisSolanoChurch,Sonoma,California.
2. Probateof the Estate of Guadalupe Carrillo;Officeof the CountyClerk,Sonoma
Santa Rosa,California.
CountyCourthouse,
MS.
3. NotesforPioneerRegister,
4. Tom Gregory,Historyof Sonoma County(Los Angeles,1911), p. 190.
withMrs. MildredCaseres.
5. Conversation
6. ProbateoftheEstateofGuadalupeCarrillo,Ibid.
7. Information
providedby RobertHarris.
8. H. H. BancroftHistoryofCalifornia(1884-90),Vol. II, p. 746.
9. WilliamHealth Davis, 75 Yearsin California(1929), p. 303.
10. Ibid.
11. Bancroft,
op. cit.,Vol. V., p. 160.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Don José del CarmenLugo, Life of a Rancher, HistoricalSocietyof Southern
CaliforniaQuarterly.(XXXII. 3). pd. 202-3.
15. Michael C. White Miguel Blanco,"CaliforniaAll the Way Back to 1828," (1877),
M. S. BancroftLibrary.
16. Terry E. Stephenson,"Tomás Yorba, His Wife Vicenta,and His AccountBook,"
• CXXIIL 3-4^ d. 133.
HistoricalSocietyof SouthernCaliforniaQuarterly
17. Davis, op. at.
18. Stephenson,
op. czï.,p. 1954.
of Old Tunes," ed. Fred Rogers,HistoricalSociety
19. William Russell. Reminiscences
ofSouthernCaliforniaQuarterly,(March,1951). p. 18.
20. Rose Ellerbe, "The MotherVineyard,"TouringTopics, (Nov. 1928), p. 20.
21. JohnRolin Ridge,The Life and Adventuresof JoaquinMurieta. (1955), p. 7.
22. Ellerbe,op. cit.
23. Georgeand Helen Beattie,Heritageof theValley, (1957), p. 160.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.. p. 162.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
300
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The CarrillosofSan Diego
30. Bancroft,op. cit., Vol. II, p. 752. [Whetheror not this man was the same as
Murieta's famous side-kick,"Three-FingeredJack," is not definitelyknown.
Jack'sreal name has been givenas Manuel Garcia.]
"Three-Fingered
31. Davis, op. cit.,P. 302.
32. J. N. Bowman,"ProminentWomen of ProvincialCalifornia,"Hist. Soc. of So.
Cal. Quarterly(June.1957). d. 162.
33. NotesforPioneerRegister,Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Julio Carrillo,Narrado, (No. 8 in Pioneer Sketches); MS BancroftLibrary.
ÖÖ. (jeorge lays, Mariano Guadalupe Valleròand oonoma, ChapterAll, Cal. HistoricalSoc. Quarterly(Sept.,1938), p. 226.
37. Grecrorv.
od. cit..d. 157.
38. Officeof CountyRecorder,Sonoma CountyCourthouse,Santa Rosa, Calif.
39. Nellie Van de GriftSanchez,Spanish Arcadia (Los Angeles,1929), pp. 41-2.
40. CountyRecorder,Ibid.
41. Edwin A. Sherman,"ShermanWas There," Cal. Hist. öoc. Quarterly(March,
1945), p. 60.
42. Information
providedby Madie Brown.
43. Information
providedby RobertHarris.
44. RobertHarris; Probateot the estate oí Junonarrino,unice oí ine ^ounxyKjígtk,
Santa Rosa,Calif.
SonomaCountyCourthouse,
withMrs. MildredCaseres.
45. Conversation
46. Information
providedby RobertHarris.
47. .Probateot theEstateot JulioCamilo, ibid.
301
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