Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 Sep 118:55 AM Sep 118:55 AM 1 Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 How is the Periodic Table Organized? • Elements are listed in order of atomic number (number of protons) • Elements are grouped according to their electron configuration (ex: all elements in the first column end in s1 Horizontal rows – PERIODS (17) Vertical columns – GROUPS/FAMILIES (118) Metals: luster when clean high electrical conductivity ductile – can be drawn into wires malleable – can be flattened into sheets Non metals: nonlustrous poor conductors of electricity Semimetals/metalloids:properties of both metals and nonmetals Where are they located on the periodic table? Draw a ‘staircase’ under boron. The elements on either side of this staircase (except aluminum) are semimetals; that is: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, St. Excluding these elements, metals are located to the left of the staircase, and nonmetals are located to the right. Sep 108:10 AM Sep 108:17 AM 2 Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 Chemical Families Alkali metals (group 1) • have one valence electron • highly reactive (i.e. with water) • react with halogens to produce salts in a 1:1 ratio (ex: NaCl) • soft, shiny when cut, oxidize in air • not found in nature in pure form Potassium in water video Sep 108:20 AM Alkaline earth metals (group 2) • have two valence electrons • quite reactive (i.e. with water) • extracted from mineral ores (‘earths’) • react with halogens to produce salts in a 1:2 ratio (ex: MgBr2) • harder than group 1 metals • not found in nature in pure form Sep 108:22 AM 3 Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 Transition Metals (groups 312) • typical metals; vary greatly in reactivity • most form brightly colored compounds • form compounds with multiple elements Sep 108:26 AM Halogens (group 17) • have seven valence electrons • F and Cl: yellow/green gases • Br: brown/red liquid • I: purple solid • most combine with elements from group 1 or 2 to form salts Sep 108:29 AM 4 Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 Noble gases (group 18) • have eight valence electrons • ‘inert’: least reactive of all elements • all gases at room temp and pressure Sep 108:31 AM Periodic Table Video Sep 108:33 AM 5 Periodic Table groups.notebook CHE 11 September 11, 2014 Periodic Table Practice Part A: Multiple Choice: Write the answer in the blank provided. ___ 1. Elements that are found in group 2 are: a) halogens c) alkaline earth metals b) transition metals d) alkali metals ___ 2. Boron is a: a) nonmetal b) metal c) metalloid d) none of these ___ 3. Hydrogen is a: a) nonmetal b) metal c) metalloid d) none of these ___ 4. Tellurium (Te) has the electron configuration ending: a) 5p4 b) 4p5 c) 4p4 d) 5d4 ___ 5. An element that has an electron configuration ending that is an exception to the trend is : a) chlorine b) hydrogen c) silver d) silicon ___ 6. a) b) c) d) The noble gases: react violently with water combine with group 1 elements to form salts are the least reactive of all the elements must be stored under oil Sep 119:56 AM ___ 7. Group number seventeen elements are the a) alkali metals c) noble gases b) transition metals d) halogens ___ 8. Transition metals have electron configuration endings involving: a) d orbitals c) p orbitals b) f orbitals d) s orbitals ___ 9. All alkaline earth metals have the electron configuration ending: a) s1 c) s2 1 b) 1s d) 1s2 ___ 10. These elements are soft enough to be cut with a knife and must be stored under oil. a) transition metals c) alkali metals b) halogens d) alkaline earth metals ___ 11. The symbol for the element that is found in period 3, group 2 is a) Ca c) Be b) Mg d) Al ___ 12. Chromium (Cr) has the electron configuration ending: a) 4d4 b) 4d5 c) 3d4 d) 3d5 Sep 119:57 AM 6 Periodic Table groups.notebook September 11, 2014 13. An element is shiny and conducts heat and electricity very well. It must be: a) a nonmetal c) a halogen b) a metal d) a noble gas 14. Which of the following is NOT a property of the alkali metals? a) soft b) form salts with halogens in a 1:2 ratio c) react with water to produce a base d) not found in nature in their pure form 15. An atom has the electron configuration ending 5p6. What could this element NOT be? a) Xe b) I c) Ba2+ d) Sr2+ Part B: Short answer. 1. For each of the following, give the electron configuration, circle the orbitals containing the valence electrons, and draw the electron dot symbol. a) C b) Al c) Cu d) O 2 Sep 119:57 AM 2. Explain, using what you know about valence electrons, why alkali metals tend to form a +1 charge and halogens tend to form a –1 charge. Include examples of electron configurations in your answer. Sep 119:58 AM 7 Attachments Potassium in water video Periodic Table Video
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