Magazine Spring 2012
(T)horny issues
STEVE & ANN TOON
3 The heat is on
Events schedule 2012 –13
4 South Africa: The South African situation
6 Zimbabwe: A mixed bag: happy endings
and heartache
7 Zimbabwe: Volunteer with Dambari Wildlife Trust
PAUL BOSCH
9 Zambia: Wear and tear
Kenya: A new lease of life
MATT BROOKE
TEAM RHINO
8 Zambia: A setback in North Luangwa
10 Namibia: Scene of the crime training
12 Namibia: A poaching case, a remarkable rhino
and a major grant
13 Fundraising like crazy
14 London Marathon 2012
Where in the world?
15 News in brief
16 Tanzania: How did you solve a problem like Mkomazi?
18 Kenya: Dealing with an emergency
19 Kenya: Rhino soup
21 Save the Rhino’s shiny new website
23 Events in brief
24 Shoot to kill?
25 Pecha Kucha Wild!
26 India: Inspiring India
27 India: Community Spirit
MIKE PETCHEY
28 Indonesia: Species in peril
29 Indonesia: Final stronghold
30
31 Thank you
Try a rhino recipe!
Contents
22 Douglas Adams The Party
CLAIRE BILYARD RICHARD FLAMAND
DEDI CANDRA STEVE & ANN TOON
SAVE THE
RHINO
VINCENT
GUILLEMIN
20 Supply and demand: the illegal rhino horn trade
The heat is on
I don’t mean that literally: As I write, London in February is not a warm place,
but the arguments over rhino conservation approaches are certainly hotting
up. In the last issue of The Horn, we wrote about the arguments for and against
legalising the trade in rhino horn, and had some great responses from readers.
So in this edition, we’re opening up more of the hot debates in the rhino world.
There’s a whole can of worms just waiting to be opened: from whether it’s OK
to poison rhino horns, in the expectation that anyone consuming it (illegally
of course) would become unwell; to whether it is acceptable to shoot-to-kill
poachers. And other wriggly matters in between.
Cathy Dean | Director
We haven’t come to a verdict on all of these
by any means: for example, on legalising
trade, we want to see what arises from
the research
that the
In this edition of The Horn
South African
government has
we’re opening up more
commissioned
of the hot debates
on factors
affecting the
in the rhino world
demand, as
well as more
detail on the proposed model for selling
rhino horn. On others — such as the proposed
moratorium on trophy hunting of rhinos —
we are clear. (We agree with the conclusions
of an excellent paper published by the
Endangered Wildlife Trust*.)
an economist, argues that the goal should be to ensure
that wild populations of species are secure and growing,
whatever it takes to achieve that. What costs are
acceptable? Should we endorse the farming of rhinos for
their horns, which can be harvested from the live animal?
We’re really keen to hear your thoughts and opinions on the
debates covered in this magazine. With the launch of our
new website in March (six years after the previous site was
developed), by the time you read this, you will be able to post
comments on these articles, as well as checking through
all the latest news and updates from the field. We’re pretty
excited about the possibilities, so please add us to your
favourites. Our twitter feed (@savetherhino) and Facebook
page are also updated almost daily, and we really enjoy the
exchanges with our followers and hearing what you’ve been
up to. Let us know.
I’m happy to admit that we don’t know all the
answers: these are really, really difficult
issues to get hold of. Michael ‘t Sas-‐Rolfes,
*https://www.ewt.org.za/portals/0/ewt/documents/Rhino%20hunting%20moratorium.pdf
Virgin London Marathon 2012
Rhino Mayday
Rhino Climb Kilimanjaro
Save the Rhino Annual Dinner
ING New York City Marathon
Gold Challenge
Go Karting
Eleventh Douglas Adams Memorial Lecture
Virgin London Marathon 2013
Rhino Trek South Africa 2013
UK challenges
Sunday 22 April 2012
Tuesday 1 May 2012
Thursday 27 September to
Saturday 6 October 2012
Tuesday 16 October 2012
Sunday 4 November 2012
Ongoing until December 2012
January/February 2013
Dates to be confirmed
Tuesday 12 March 2013
April 2013
Dates to be confirmed
Various dates
SRI
Events Schedule
For more information about any of these events, please visit www.savetherhino.org/events
or email [email protected] or call +44 (0)20 7357 7474
3
South Africa
The South African
Situation
South Africa is viewed as the primary custodian of Africa’s rhinos. With 18,796 white
rhinos and 1,916 black rhinos as of last estimates at the end of 2010, this represents
approximately 93% and 40% of the total white and black rhino populations
respectively. In recent years poaching levels have soared, and the current crisis
is creating debates worldwide about the best way to tackle illegal poaching.
Jo Shaw | Programme Officer — Large mammal trade, TRAFFIC East Africa Office
T
IS
RENAUD FULCON
White rhinos in
South Africa account
for 93% of the
global population
NICOLAS HILL
Figure 1
Number of rhinos
lost to poaching in
South Africa 2000 —2011
he unwavering commitment shown towards
rhinoceros conservation and diligent investment
in protection and monitoring meant that South
Africa largely escaped the first terrifying wave of
rhino poaching that occurred throughout the rest of
Africa prior to the mid-‐1990s. The recovery of the white
rhino population from somewhere between 20 and 50
individuals in KwaZulu-‐Natal in the early 1900s to the
current global population of over 20,000 animals is one
of the great conservation success stories and
perhaps partly explains the deep emotional
attachment and pride that many South
Africans feel for their rhinos.
number of hunters from Asia taking part
in trophy hunts of white rhino, or ‘pseudo-‐
hunting’ as it has become known. As white
rhinos in South Africa were placed on
the Appendix II listing of CITES in 1994
with special exemption for sport hunting,
export of hunting trophies remained a legal
mechanism for the international movement
of rhino horn. It has been noted that these
hunters were generally unskilled and
inexperienced and prepared to shoot even
young female rhinos as long as they came
away with a horn.
One of the acknowledged reasons for South
Africa’s past rhino conservation success has
been the strong alliance between private and
public sector players. Indeed, approximately
20 —25% of rhinos in South Africa are now
privately owned, a larger number than currently
persists in the majority of former rhino range
states. A significant incentive for private ownership of
rhinos has been the potential for income generation via
trophy hunting. Sport hunting of white rhino started in 1968
at a time there were only 1,800 animals and has continued
with an average of approximately 50 animals hunted per
year ever since. Traditionally, white rhino trophy hunts have
been sold primarily to international hunting clients from the
United States and Europe for roughly £20,000 each.
Secondly, there have been a spate of thefts
and armed robberies of rhino horns from
stockpiles on game reserves and museums
throughout South Africa and this crime has
also shown a dramatic rise in Europe and
the US. Since 2007, at least 65 horns have
been stolen in South Africa and around
50 internationally.
500
400
300
200
100
0
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rhino poaching
However, the most disturbing trend has
been the horrific increase in poaching of
rhinos in South Africa. Prior to 2006, illegal
killing of rhinos was being maintained at
consistently low levels. Since 2008, rhino
poaching in South Africa has skyrocketed
year on year, culminating in a total of 448
rhinos killed in 2011. (See Figure 1, left.)
The face of rhino poaching has also changed,
with trusted wildlife industry professionals
adding to the ranks of the more traditional
poaching demographic. Unfortunately,
there is no indication that the rhino
poaching crisis is coming under control,
as rhino deaths continue apace despite
the government responses to combat
poaching, including the deployment of Army
personnel along the border between Kruger
National Park and Mozambique.
Sources of rhino horn
Response
However, from the mid-‐2000s something changed relating
to the demand for rhino horn from Asia, which has placed
rhinos throughout Africa increasingly under attack. In South
Africa, rhino horn has been sourced in at least three ways.
One of the first indicators of this change was the increasing
The South African Department of
Environmental Affairs has made several
legislative changes in response to the
threats to rhinos. In July 2008, a National
Moratorium was placed on rhino horn
sales to try and prevent domestic sales of rhino horn
from entering the illegal international market. Stricter
regulations on the marking of rhino horn and on trophy
hunting of white rhinos were introduced in 2009 to try
and clamp down on leakage of rhino horn from South
Africa and draft amendments to combat identified
loopholes were produced in September 2011.
South African citizens and private owners of rhinos
are also developing a range of increasingly innovative
approaches to make rhinos less attractive to poachers,
including dehorning as well as newer ideas such as
introducing dye or even poison into rhino horns. However,
these methods have limited applicability and huge cost
implications for utilization on the largest and most
important populations for conservation. Furthermore,
the sad death of a white rhino during the demonstration
of the horn dyeing technique at the Rhino and Lion Park
in Johannesburg in January 2012 highlights the risks
inherent in any activities requiring immobilization.
There is a huge groundswell of public concern and support
to combat rhino poaching in South Africa. However,
with over 150 organizations now actively involved in
their own efforts to address this problem, there is
concern over lack of integration and duplication of
effort, when what is needed is a strategic response.
What next?
Some were against any form of sustainable utilization
of wildlife, including sale of any rhinos by National Parks,
and called for all rhino horn stockpiles to be destroyed
or proposed the donation of rhino horn stockpiles in
South Africa to Asia. Others, including the private sector
but also state representatives such as EKZNW, wanted
the government to push for the opening of international
trade in rhino horn. The debate about whether legalizing
international trade in rhino horn could be part of the
solution to rhino poaching in South Africa is growing
in intensity and becoming increasingly emotional and
polarized between strong pro-‐ and anti-‐factions. Whether
the South Africa government will decide that it can
convince the international community at CITES and
submit a proposal for legal trade for the next Conference
of the Parties in Bangkok in March 2013 remains to be
seen. However, such debates should not detract from
what is the most immediate issue at hand — stemming the
increasing tide of illegal killing of rhinos in the world.
STEVE AND ANN TOON
In January 2012, the Portfolio Committee on Water
and Environmental Affairs called a Parliamentary
Hearing in Cape Town to discuss rhino poaching.
The meeting was attended by a range of government
and provincial representatives as well as NGOs and
concerned individuals. There were several common
threads, including the need for better communication
and collaboration between government departments and
improved permitting and database systems for live rhinos
and rhino horn stockpiles. Although there have been a
number of recent breakthroughs, there is also a need
for increased number of arrests, prosecutions and stiffer
sentencing, preferably mandatory imprisonment for rhino
crimes. Many of the participants expressed concerns about
capacity shortages and constraints to achieve the above
and combat the poaching threat. However, the issue of
whether to legalise international trade in rhino horn took
centre stage.
5
Zimbabwe
A mixed bag:
happy endings and heartache
2011 saw continuation of the sustained poaching onslaught on rhino populations
in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Lowveld Rhino Trust (LRT) has continued to provide
technical and management support for rhino populations in the south east Lowveld
of Zimbabwe, where well over 80% of the country’s remaining rhino now reside.
Chap Masterson | Rhino Veterinarian for Africa, Lowveld Rhino Trust/International Rhino Foundation
A
side from the usual annual rhino darting
operations for management purposes, in which a
total of some 70 animals were darted, primarily to
positively mark rhino for individual identification
and so facilitate population monitoring at the individual
level, the ongoing poaching challenge necessitated several
veterinary interventions, by either myself or Dr Chris
Foggin of the Wildlife Veterinary Unit, to treat animals
wounded to various degrees by bullets or wire snares or
to capture calves orphaned by poaching events.
All such interventions undertaken on Save Valley
Conservancy, Bubye Valley Conservancy and Chipinge
Safari Area were funded by LRT and
were greatly facilitated by the new
Of 25 bullet casings found
LRT veterinary Toyota Landcruiser
purchased with a grant from USFWS.
at the scene, 7 were found
The successful grant application for
to have hit ‘Double’
and one hit ‘Trouble’
this vehicle was submitted by Save the
Rhino International (SRI) whom LRT owes
a debt of gratitude for their support not
only for assistance in the acquisition of
this vehicle but also for their valuable
participation and support for LRT
initiatives as well as for other rhino
conservation efforts in the sub-‐region.
As with all such attempts to save
victims of poaching, the treatment
outcomes were a mixed bag of happy
endings and deep heartache. On the
one hand, we had the case of the
6
A near miss —
one of three head
wounds for Double
rather than euthanasia. He did very well
for over a month before what must have
been a hairline crack in his shoulder
blade — caused by one of the bullets — gave
way and I was left with no choice but to
euthanize him; the heart-‐wrenching irony
being that his ghastly facial wounds had all
but healed by that time.
ALL PICS LOWVELD RHINO TRUST
Chap and vet assistant
Mr Rhinos Kambanje
with a de-‐horned bull
black rhino bull ‘Maduma’, shot five times,
traumatically dehorned and left for dead.
Obviously one of the bullets, presumably
the one that hit the angle of his jaw,
knocked him unconscious enabling the
poachers to cut off his horns — severely
mutilating his face in the process — before
making good their escape. The bull,
however, was made of tougher stuff and
upon regaining consciousness was found
stumbling around with severe injuries and
blood loss. His pluck and resilience as well
as his ability to feed and drink tipped the
decision towards attempting a treatment
As sad as the loss of Maduma was, we can
thankfully report that all other animals
treated for various wounds had happier
endings. The most encouraging of these
was the case of the black rhino cow ‘Double’
and her bull calf ‘Trouble’ ambushed by
poachers on their way to water on Save
Valley Conservancy late one afternoon
in October. Of 25 bullet casings found
at the scene, fired from AK-‐47 assault
rifles, seven were found to have hit the
cow, some in very compromising positions,
including three in the head, two in the left
foreleg, one in the left knee and one high
in her rump, with her calf having taken a
Volunteer
with Dambari
Wildlife Trust
Do you sometimes get fed-up with working
in the city; being surrounded by people,
buildings, traffic? My office window
overlooks sun-drenched grassland, busy
with birds and insects, and occasionally
I glimpse two magnificent kudu bulls!
bullet in his left front knee. Due to the
relentless and dedicated tracking efforts
of the LRT monitoring scouts in difficult
terrain, enduring unbearably hot
conditions, it was possible to treat
the animals timeously and all their
wounds responded well to the early
medical intervention.
On a personal level, having made
the rather daunting move to return
to my homeland, Zimbabwe, with a
young family, and despite the trials and
challenges that this entails, I can safely
say, a year later, that I could not imagine
being anywhere else other than right here,
privileged to be a member of a dedicated
team determined to secure the future
of our beleaguered rhino populations.
In this regard LRT is enormously grateful
to all our supporters, donors and partner
institutions enabling continuation of
our work.
While my work environment at Dambari
is wonderful, there’s rarely time to
appreciate it. Development, administration
and fundraising for the 50-‐acre field
station, and Dambari’s various research
and conservation projects, falls onto the
shoulders of just three staff.
COLIN GILLES
Last year we were fortunate to have four people volunteer
at Dambari, which made us realise what a boon an extra
pair of willing hands could be. An MSc graduate reviewed
and collated a backlog of research data, and we received
invaluable assistance from SRI’s Cath Lawson, Cathy
Dean and Cathy’s husband Kenneth Donaldson. Not only
did they help with many office tasks but they were also
great for our planning and ideas sessions. Their
advice and enthusiasm encouraged us to explore a
paying volunteer scheme to earn critical funding to
support our field station base, and we are looking
forward to hosting our first guest in June.
Primarily a research and conservation Trust, we
can take two to four visitors at a time. Volunteer
activities might include (dependent on timetables):
The beautiful
landscape at Dambari
iFieldwork in the Matobo Hills World Heritage Site:
assisting researchers with data collection and entry
for biodiversity projects
iDeveloping and distributing environmental educational
materials for rural schools
iHelping out with office/station-‐based tasks and sharing
skills with staff
COLIN GILLES
Lowveld Rhino Trust also provided support
and veterinary services, in conjunction
with SAVE Australia, Dambari Wildlife
Trust and the Wildlife Veterinary Unit,
for rhino darting operations, to dehorn,
ear notch and implant VHF transmitters,
in intensive protection zones (IPZs) in
Hwange and Matopos National Parks.
In addition, as LRT veterinarian,
I was privileged to be made available
as additional wildlife veterinary
capacity in support of Dr Chris
Foggin, a long-‐time partner of LRT
and legend in rhino conservation
in Zimbabwe.
Adele Edwards | Logistics Manager,
Dambari Wildlife Trust
ALL PICS DAMBARI WILDLIFE
TRUST UNLESS STATED
Two orphans were retrieved
after their mothers were killed
by poachers, one from Bubye
Valley, the other from Save Valley
Conservancy. The first of these, a
10-‐month-‐old bull calf ‘Be-‐Brave’, earned
his name standing vigil by the carcass of
his poached mother despite the attentions
of a pride of lions intent on scavenging
and perhaps indulging themselves in some
fresh rhino calf — judging from claw
marks found on the young rhino’s
back when he was captured for bottle-‐
raising a few days later. Both calves
were delivered into the capable and
loving care of Katrina and Blondie
Leatham and their rhino assistant
Enos, of Bubye Valley Conservancy,
who are all too familiar with raising
orphaned rhino, but who do so with
selfless dedication.
Those who choose to spend a fortnight volunteering with
Dambari Wildlife Trust can enjoy a unique opportunity
to work in small groups ‘behind the scenes’ in a beautiful
setting . . . and your contribution will impact practical
conservation directly!
For more information about the Trust visit
www.dambari.com or to enquire about being a paying
volunteer, email [email protected]
Grants
Our thanks to Kenneth Donaldson and
Cath Lawson, who made donations totaling
£1,850 towards the core costs of DWT.
7
Zambia
A setback in North Luangwa
The threats facing rhino are all too many where small populations exist.
The incredibly sad loss of six rhinos in North Luangwa National Park in 2011,
to causes other than poaching, has caused deep upset and concern, and
also brought reflection upon the varied challenges facing rhino conservation
in an ever-changing environment.
Claire Lewis | Technical Advisor, North Luangwa Conservation Programme
R
hino poaching across the world has reached
alarming scales not seen since the early 1980s.
Zambia suffered in those dark days and the
black rhino was declared nationally extinct
in 1998. The country was once home to an estimated
12,000 rhinos and about a third of those resided in the
Luangwa Valley. To have so comprehensively wiped out
every last standing rhino was an astonishing feat of total
decimation by poachers.
In 2003, an ambitious programme was
launched to re-‐establish black rhinos in
Threats other than poaching
North Luangwa National Park. Wildlife
that face rhino are all too
agencies across South Africa donated 25
individuals and, by 2010, all animals had
many where small
been released into a sanctuary network in
populations exist
the centre of an Intensive Protection Zone.
Six calves had been born, all bar one to the
first females that arrived in 2003. So it was
with great joy that monitoring rhino officers discovered
that three of the females that had been translocated in
subsequent years had calved in mid-‐2011. Two of those
females had arrived in 2006, indicating that it had taken
them five long years to feel settled enough to reproduce —
a prolonged period by any standards.
However, our joy was short lived and, in a tragic period at
the end of the dry season in October to November 2011,
the first of what was to be six rhino deaths was
discovered. It is with sad irony that the year
in which South Africa lost 448 rhinos
SRI
Grants
8
Save the Rhino has made $2,000 available
to NLCP for work to react to these deaths, in
addition to $5,000 sent in December 2011 to be
used for scout rations or towards vehicle costs.
to poaching, Zambia lost 20% of its
population and none of them was poached.
And the saddest part of all? One of the
2006 females, Buntungwa, had produced
her first calf in 2011, but when we found
her carcass we could only assume that her
3-‐month old calf had died too.
A panel of experts was called to North
Luangwa to carry out a thorough
investigation of underlying causes that led
to so many deaths in such a short time, and
to critically assess past, current and future
issues relating to the conservation of the
Park’s rhino population. Their findings
are still pending as this issue of The Horn
goes to press, but complex interactions
between dry-‐season browse availability,
intra-‐specific competition and adaptation
to a new environment, all compounded
by the sanctuary’s restricted area, were
contributory factors. Frankfurt Zoological
Society is committed to ensuring that
lessons are learned, shared and carried
forward in an effort to safeguard North
Luangwa’s remaining rhino population in
both the short and the long term.
Zambia
Kenya
Wear and tear
A new lease of life
Zambia’s North Luangwa National Park
spreads out over 4,636 km² from the Luangwa
River in the east to the Muchinga escarpment
in the west, one of the oldest sections of the
Great Rift Valley on the continent. The North
Luangwa Conservation Programme (NLCP)
works over an area more than twice that size,
facilitating law enforcement and protected
area management in the surrounding areas,
criss-crossed with a remote but relatively
extensive network of about 1,000 km of roads,
none of which are sealed but graded at best.
The Laikipia Wildlife Forum’s Environmental
Education Bus was in a sorry state. During
the 6½ years between in January 2004
(its launch) and June 2010, it had travelled
169,000 km on unpaved and extremely rough
roads, carrying 640 Kenyan school groups
and 49 community groups, reaching a total
of 24,531 people directly, and many more
indirectly through open days.
Cathy Dean | Director
T
he wear and tear was leading to more and more
breakdowns, with 5 to 7 trips each year cancelled or
significantly postponed (6 months or more) due to
breakdowns, and 7 to 10 trips incurring significantly
increased journey times (5 hours plus) and distances, due
to diversions to avoid impassable roads as a result of rain.
On average, the Bus became completely stuck in mud
three times a year, resulting either in children and staff
sleeping overnight in the Bus or the Bus being abandoned
for the night and children continuing on foot. It was
reaching the end of its useful life.
Claire Lewis | Technical Advisor,
North Luangwa Conservation Programme
T
ough vehicles are therefore needed for a functional
law enforcement unit, in deploying and managing
patrols, providing back up, distributing rations,
reacting rapidly to reports of illegal activity, helping
with sector administrative management, escorting arrested
poachers to police stations, attending court sessions and
recovering illegal firearms and trophies.
The LWF asked for our help, and thanks to the generosity of
our long-‐time funders, USFWS and Chester Zoo, we were able
to come up with the bulk of the funds needed to buy a new
vehicle. The LWF team had carried out a thorough assessment
of the functional requirements, and had researched the options
available: the new Bus would be able to cope with extremely
rough roads and muddy conditions, carry its passengers in a
quieter dust-‐and-‐moisture-‐free environment, have excellent
visibility and be a teaching tool in itself, not
just a means of transport.
Vehicles are also used for other conservation and
management activities undertaken by the Zambia Wildlife
Authority (ZAWA) across the entire ecosystem, for example
responding to wildlife conflict situations in surrounding
communities. Other vehicles are assigned to particular units,
such as the one used for the Rhino Monitoring Team.
On average, each Land Cruiser completes approximately
30,000 km per year and can be expected to carry out field
duties for 6 to 8 years. The rough driving conditions result
in cumulative wear and tear above and beyond normal
circumstances and replacement of older vehicles and regular
maintenance and repair of others is essential.
NLCP
NLCP took delivery of its newest 4x4 Land Cruiser for
the rhino monitoring officers in December 2011, funded
through generous donations from Mohamed bin Zayed
Species Conservation Fund, Martin Wills Fund, Simon Gibson
Charitable Trust, Peter Lawrence and SRI. This vehicle will be
used every day to move the ZAWA rhino
officers around the Intensive Protection
Zone so they can make best use of their
time tracking rhinos on foot. The car is
also used to reach sites to pick up radio
telemetry signals, to distribute lucerne
and bone meal to supplementary feed
stations and to retrieve camera trap units
for downloading back at base. Having
this vital piece of ‘kit’ makes the job of
the rhino officers that
much easier and more
efficient, meaning
we can spend more of
everything on keeping
the rhinos safe. Thank
you to all the donors.
Tough vehicles are
needed to navigate
tough terrain
With input from Chester Zoo, the artwork
on the Bus — which had to be neutral in
colour to comply with the requirements
of conservancies in the Laikipia District —
was designed around a new rhino logo
to complement the LWF’s existing five
symbols. A strapline in Swahili, ‘Conserve
the environment for improved
livelihoods’ helps brand the
Bus as an LWF initiative.
LWF
In December 2011, Sammy
Njorogo was promoted to
Environment and Eco-‐Literary
Programme Manager and
Jackson Njaria recruited as
EELP Assistant. And in January
2012, the new Bus was launched.
It promises to be a full-‐on year.
Thanks
Our very grateful thanks to USFWS RTCF, which
provided a grant of $34,660 for the new bus, and to
Chester Zoo ($2,015 plus support in-kind). SRI gave
$2,375 from our own core funds. The LWF and the
Royal Netherlandish Embassy also helped cover
the costs: a good collaborative effort.
9
Namibia
CRIME
THE SCENE OF THE
t
al
“The way of integrating practic
and theoretical work was good
and made it enjoyable”
Participant
ares
so remote that the ne
Wêreldsend, a place
lice tape
away, was buzzing. Po
shop is about 180km
grass.
ous-looking patch of
cordoned off a suspici
emitted
ound. A metal detector
Bones lay scattered ar
er the
s carefully hovered ov
a gentle hum as it wa
watched
expectant Namibians
area. And around 30
e Evans,
Rod Potter and Wayn
as the course leaders,
.
explained what to do
Trainees learned how
to take plaster casts of
footprints found at the
scene, which might later
link a suspect to the crime
Cathy Dean | Director
A session on practical
exhibits demonstrated
items that might be found
at a crime scene, ranging
from weapons (axe,
handgun, snare, bullet
cartridges etc) to things
that the poachers might
have discarded (clothing,
drinks cans)
ans and
Wayne Ev
rse
r, the cou
Rod Potte
e
th
in
,
instructors
setting
l
fu
ti
u
a
e
b
send
of Wêreld
L
BERND BREL
A model of a black rhino
is used to demonstrate
anatomy, and to illustrate
where to look for bullets
KOBUS DE WET
funding, but a series of
igation into Tory party
s
No, this wasn’t an invest
by Wildlife Investigator
ining courses developed
o
wh
Scene of the Crime tra
ers
nag
ma
e
dlif
wil
Evans, especially for
Rod Potter and Wayne
particularly rhino and
ious deaths of animals,
pic
sus
have to deal with
weeks, Rod and Wayne
Over the course of three
elephant, on their turf.
ironment and Tourism,
from the Ministry of Env
taught groups of staff
ice,
Pol
Unit of the Namibian
the Protected Resource
pment
elo
Dev
ral
Integrated Ru
Save the Rhino Trust and
to
how
,
for
k
loo
, what to
and Nature Conservation
sible
to present the best pos
how
and
ce
den
evi
t
collec
case come to court.
prosecution should the
One of the
practical
sessions: th
e participa
nts
study a pre
tend crime
scene befo
re the start
of
the trainin
g course a
n
d
discuss wh
at sort of th
ings
they might
be looking
for
at the site
ut
up the good job – witho
“I can only say keep
and
can see rhinos dying
what you taught us I
most cases”
criminals winning in
Participant
10
All those who might encounter
a wildlife crime scene should
carry an incident or pocket
book, in which they can record
details of the investigation.
These notes will be invaluable
when they come to present the
case in court
ctor
etal dete
m
a
g
in
s
U
sings
r bullet ca
fo
k
o
lo
to
s
ts require
and bulle
f the
anning o
careful sc
a
entire are
“We need to expose the court to the
importance of Wildlife crime and their
impact so they prosecute effectively”
Participant
A second practical exercise saw
participants divide into groups
to examine two suspicious sites –
a campsite and a vehicle – and
record evidence. Each group then
reported back on their methods
and procedures, followed by
critique and discussions
Rod and Wayne showed
trainees how to identify
elephant ivory and how to
distinguish real rhino horns
from fake ones
at
The Basic courses were aimed
anyone who might encounter a
al
carcass in the course of their norm
,
kers
trac
t’s
Trus
o
Rhin
work: Save the
etc
staff
ks
par
l
ona
nati
MET’s
Having lea
rned how to
carry out
crime scen
e investiga
tions on the
Advanced
Course, se
ven of those
who qualifi
ed went on
to take part
in the Train
-the-traine
r course,
so that they
could teach
further
groups of p
eople via tw
o Basic
courses for
up to 30 pe
ople each
Bernd Brell (left),
Director of Field
Operations at Save the
Rhino Trust Namibia;
Rod Potter (right)
presenting Bernd
with his well-deserved
Advanced course
certificate
One of the groups at work
on planning how they would
inspect a suspect vehicle
WA
YNE
EVA
NS
Simson Uri-Kho
b, (far right)
Director of Capa
city Building
at Save the Rhin
o Trust,
puts into practic
e his newly
learned Train-th
e-Trainer skills
Thanks
Each Advanced
course participant received
a detailed course handbook,
which included all
the references and
material taught
ALL PICS ROD POTTER UNLESS NOTED
We would like to thank: USFWS and the Game
Products Trust Fund, which awarded $24,585
and $20,655 respectively towards the cost of the
Advanced, Train-the-trainer and Basic courses;
IRDNC, for hosting the training courses at
Wêreldsend; Bernd Brell of Save the Rhino Trust
for organising the logistics; and of course Rod
Potter and Wayne Evans, the trainers.
11
Namibia
A poaching case, a remarkable
rhino and a major grant
A round up of recent news from Save the Rhino Trust (SRT), which recently
responded to the first poaching incident in the Kunene in 17 years.
Sue Wagner | Fundraising and Communications Manager, Save the Rhino Trust
O
n 25 October 2011, SRT’s trackers were patrolling
with Community Game Guards when they came
across the carcass of a rhino calf that had been
caught in a snare and had both horns removed.
It was estimated that the calf was about two years old and
that it had died some four weeks previously. The probable
cause of death was dehydration and starvation. There was
evidence that the mother had remained near her calf in its
dying days and repeatedly returned to the site long after its
death. Fortunately, she did not fall victim to the poachers’
snares (four other snares were found in the area).
The newly-‐formed North West Regional Security Committee
responded to this incident, with SRT’s Director of Field
Operations and pilot, Bernd Brell, flying to fetch the Protected
Resource Unit’s (PRU) investigating
officer. MET officials were soon on the
The rhino had returned
scene and great support of free food and
accommodation for the investigating team
‘home’ by walking 250km
was received from Wilderness Safaris, the
to almost the exact
tour operator in the region.
DAVE HAMMAN PHOTOGRAPHY
spot of her capture
SRT
The communication and co-‐ordination
between all the stakeholders involved in
rhino conservation was very encouraging,
as teamwork is the name of the game when it comes
to successful investigation after a poaching incident.
Unfortunately, no arrests have yet been made.
An exceptional patrol and
a rare ‘homing’ event of a translocated rhino
In September, SRT deployed two teams on a focused foot
and donkey patrol in a very remote area of north-‐west
Namibia. Due to the remote and rugged terrain, these
patrols require extensive pre-‐planning and only take place
a couple of times per year, with satellite image maps used
to plan the route. National Geographic photographer Dave
Hamman and wildlife artist Neil Taylor joined the patrol to
provide images and artwork to support SRT’s work.
It was an exceptional patrol resulting in 23 rhino sightings
over eight days — the most ever for this eco-‐zone in a single
patrol — including numerous rhino cows with relatively old,
12
healthy calves. The teams had one epic day
of foot-‐slogging, notching up nearly 40 km
as they packed out from their camp deep in
the mountains. A most unusual discovery
was made on this patrol. A rhino cow that
was originally captured and airlifted into
Orupembe Conservancy in the far north west
was sighted. She had returned ‘home’ and had
walked roughly 250 km (155 miles) to almost
the exact spot where she was captured in
July 2010. It is regarded as a very rare long-‐
distance ‘homing’ event for black rhino.
SRT awarded IUCN’s
Save Our Species Grant
Just before Christmas, Save the Rhino Trust
received a wonderful Christmas gift in the
form of the very exciting news that our
proposal to Save Our Species, developed in
collaboration with SRI, had been successful.
The grant has been provided to support
monitoring work in response to the African
rhino poaching crisis.
Save Our Species is a joint initiative of the
Global Environment Facility, the IUCN and
the World Bank. A fundamental goal is to
ensure the long-‐term survival and well being
of threatened species and their critical
habitats for biodiversity conservation
Save the Rhino Trust, in collaboration with
Namibia’s Ministry of Environment and
Tourism (MET), has been monitoring black
rhino for three decades with four teams
of dedicated trackers. Monitoring data
is used to inform decision-‐making on the
management of this unique black rhino
population — the last truly free-‐ranging black
rhino population in the world. Save the Rhino
Trust feels most honoured to have been
selected as a recipient of this grant from SOS.
Supporters
Fundraising
like crazy
We’ve had an incredible number of people who have decided
to give their time and energy to raising funds for us. We want to
send them a huge thank you! Here are some of the crazy things
our supporters have been up to.
Phillpe Flamand in HK
Jo Paulson | Events Manager
Richard Vigne is the CEO of Ol Pejeta conservancy in Kenya. He has taken on the
Gold Challenge, where he will cover 2,012 km before the start of the London Olympics
on his cross-‐trainer and rowing machine. That equates to approximately 6.8km per
day! Richard has raised a fantastic £5,429 so far and has topped the Gold Challenge
individual fundraising league table.
Richard Vigne
and a rhino calf
Brothers Richard and Philippe Flamand have been spreading the message about rhino
poaching to the East — in style. Each completed in a marathon in a rhino costume —
Richard in Dubai and Philippe in Hong Kong. Together they’ve raised over $18,000.
Andree Schoombee, along with Marcel, Pierre, Angie and Barend will be travelling from
London to Cape Town in Toyota Land Cruisers, visiting rhino programmes
along the way. Their Going Down South mission will take 6 months.
Arif Hussain has raised over £4,000 by asking his friends and family for a donation
instead of presents for his 40th birthday. It sounds like he had one hell of a party!
Nadia Alnaimi who has recently starred in Safari Vet School on ITV has set up ‘Team
Rhino’ at Cambridge University to raise funds and awareness of rhino poaching.
Save the Rhino friends Linton Park Wines are running the Comrades ultra marathon
in June. Vlok, with two of the cellar workers Owen and Byron, will be running the
89 km race to raise money for rhinos. Don’t be drinking too much of that wine
now — remember, you’re in training!
Peter de Wit and Paul Bosch are taking part in the Gortex Transalpine run, an eight-‐
day footrace beginning in Germany and ending in Italy, travelling over the Alps. They
will be running 320 km and covering an incredible 15,000 m difference in elevation.
South African Travel and Tourism Association (SATOA) has picked Save the Rhino
as its appointed charity this year. SATOA will support us at each of its events, holding
raffles and raising awareness of our goals.
g...
Not forgettin
allenge
ore Iron Man ch
g on the Singap
kin
ta
ht
rig
W
Graham
anjaro for us
th climbing Kilim
not content wi
o,
wh
anc!
d
Bl
ol
t
sf
on
or
Mark W
nts to climb M
cided he now wa
de
s
ha
,
ar
ye
last
rhino costume
ris marathon in
Pa
e
th
n
ru
s
o ha
Frank Smits wh
marathon
Aviemore half
s a place in the
ha
o
wh
y
le
Co
Lorraine
When in Rome…
me marathon.
Ro
e
th
on
g
ng takin
Stephanie Cheu
apparently!
n
ho
at
ar
0
m
run a
tions to IRV202
asked for dona
y
dl
kin
ry
ve
asan
ams
Bhuvana Sriniv
ing to Colin Ad
ts for her wedd
en
es
pr
of
d
ea
inst
r donations to
cided to ask fo
de
sly
es
lfl
se
s
s ha
birthday
Shannah Adam
ts for her 30th
er than presen
th
ra
os
in
rh
lp
he
es, cake
tion of car wash
doing a combina
is
r
r rhinos
lle
fo
He
ey
e
on
bi
Ab
ence to raise m
sil
d
re
so
on
sp
bakes and a
us this year.
have helped
ho
w
e
or
m
y
... and the man
You really do make
such a big difference
Arif Hussain’s
40th birthday cake
Above: Team Rhino
Right: Graham, The
Singapore Iron Man
Below right: Vlok,
Owen and Byron
Bottom: Going Down
South to Cape Town
13
Events
Virgin London
Marathon 2012
Preparations for the London Marathon
on 22 April are running at full speed!
Katherine Ellis | Michael Hearn Intern
W
ith 2012 being the year of the Olympics, it only
seems appropriate that this year’s Virgin London
Marathon is set to be Save the Rhino’s biggest team
so far. We currently have 62 Gold Bond runners and
10 Own Place runners signed up, whose training and fundraising
preparations are well underway. Fingers crossed that none of the
team will be injured in the lead up to the Marathon.
This year’s team has several international runners, with
participants flying all the way from South Africa, Kenya,
USA and even Peru! These runners are helping to raise
Save the Rhino’s profile around the world, especially
in countries such as South Africa, which saw almost
450 rhinos poached in 2011.
ALL PICS MATT BROOKE
Happy runners
at the rhino rug
Following the debut of the 10 brand new rhino costumes
at last year’s London Marathon, demand for the suits
has soared, with all the new costumes
snapped up midway through 2011. The
popularity of these costumes means
that many of the old costumes are being
given a new lease of life. They have
been thoroughly assessed and repairs
are underway to fix metal work, re-‐pad
straps, glue plates together, and re-‐paint
the costumes. We are hoping to have a
large crash of 17 rhinos on the streets on
Marathon day 2012.
The London Marathon is Save the Rhino’s
biggest fundraising event of the year and we are hugely
grateful for all the hard work that our team members put
in with fundraising and training in the months leading up
to the Marathon. Thank you very much
to everyone who
is running for
us this year
and the best
of luck!
A well-‐deserved
massage after
completing a
marathon challenge!
Virgin London
3
Marathon 201
a place in
If you missed out on
n in 2013,
2012 and want to ru
run it
to
or if you can’t wait
e email
as
ple
,
all over again
hino.org
er
eth
av
@s
katherine
14
Where
in the world?
This year our cuddly rhinos have
been out and about in the UK.
They have been spotted relaxing
on the beach and sightseeing in
the capital. Where will the rest
of 2012 take them?
Katherine Ellis
Michael Hearn Intern
Show your support
for Save the Rhino by
purchasing a cute cuddly
rhino as a gift for someone
close to you or for yourself,
take a shot in an exciting
location, and send it in to
[email protected] The best photos
will be published in the next Horn magazine and
on our blog www.savetherhino.org/latest_
news/blog The toughest choice is deciding
which colour to buy — white or black?
Along with our rhinos, we have plenty of other
merchandise in stock. You can save the world
and spread the word about Save the Rhino
by purchasing an eco-‐friendly cotton shopper
bag. Or you could show your love of rhinos by
wearing a silver rhino pin badge on your jacket.
And with summer approaching, surely it’s time
to purchase a new logo t-‐shirt or cap — the same
as those worn by rangers in the field!
You can purchase any of the merchandise
featured on this page by visiting
our website www.savetherhino.org
telephoning Katherine directly,
or sending a cheque along
with details of your order by
post to the Save the Rhino office.
News in brief
From our partners
ecotricity
‘Ecotricity is an energy company
unlike any other. We supply
homes and businesses
across Britain with green
energy, and then use our
customers’ bills to create even
more sources of renewable
power — like windmills.
‘We are working together with Save
the Rhino to help raise money and
protect these critically endangered
animals. It is not just climate
change that threatens these
animals, poaching is at an all time
high and so by simply switching
your energy supplier you can
raise money to help protect these
magnificent animals. Ecotricity will
donate £40 for switching Electricity
and £60 for switching to dual fuel.’
To sign up please call 08000 302
302 and quote ‘SRI’ or ‘Save the
Rhino’ or visit www.ecotricity.
co.uk/rhino
Western black rhino
declared extinct
Since the last issue of The Horn, the IUCN Red List (which provides
information on the conservation status of species globally) has
declared the Western black rhino subspecies as extinct.
Although this has been suspected by many, this is the first time that
the extinction has been officially registered, as the Red List delays
changing the status of a species for five years, in case any new
information is received.
You can read comment from Cathy Dean, SRI Director at
www.savetherhino.org/latest_news/news and search ‘black rhino’
LOWVELD RHINO TRUST
Operation Stop Poaching Now
Our Stop Poaching Now appeal aims
to raise awareness and funds for the
African countries most affected by
the rise in poaching of rhino horn:
South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia
and Kenya.
You can also donate by text right
now: text STOP99 followed by a space,
then the amount you’d like to donate
(£1, £3, £5 or £10) to 70070. Thanks
to Just Text Giving by Vodafone,
absolutely all of your donation will
go to helping Save the Rhino.
JEAN-‐CHRISTOPHE
VIE
Funds raised will support the teams
on the ground, providing them with
much needed support, equipment
and training.
Visit our website to read more:
www.savetherhino.org/support_us/
campaigns_and_appeals
ALAIN COMPOST
Javan rhino
declared extinct
in Vietnam
Javan rhinos were also declared
extinct in Vietnam in October
2011. The subspecies Rhinoceros
sondaicus annamiticus is now
probably extinct too, although
unlike the Western black rhino,
its official status has not yet
changed. This is incredibly
sad news. The last remaining
population of Javan rhinos
survive in Ujung Kulon Java.
SRI
Staff changes
Lucy Boddam-Whetham has left SRI
after four years to join the Zoological
Society of London (ZSL) as Assistant
Programme Manager, South and
Central Asia. We wish Lucy the very
best of luck in her new post.
Susie Offord has replaced Lucy as
Deputy Director. Francesca Shapland
has also left SRI, with Laura Adams,
our fourth Michael Hearn Intern,
replacing her as the new Office and
Communications Manager.
Congratulations
Save the Rhino would like to offer
heartfelt congratulations to two
leaders of rhino conservation who
have recently won awards.
Martin Brooks received the Sir
Peter Scott Award for Conservation
Merit and Richard Emslie (above
right) received the Harry Messel
Award for Conservation Leadership,
at the recent IUCN SSG meeting in
Abu Dhabi.
15
Tanzania
Many of the Tanzanian
staff have
worked at Mkomazi for
over 20 years,
and are mostly all sel
f-taught. This
is Fred Ayo, Worksho
p Manager.
Every piece of equip
ment or vehicle
is treated with TLC an
d its life is
extended as far as po
ssible.
E A HOW DID YOU SOLV
OMAZI?
PROBLEM LIKE MK
es.
rk is a sight for sore ey
Mkomazi National Pa
visit but
onceptions before my
I tried to have no prec
rious
nd’s eye from all the va
had an idea in my mi
rked
wo
ns and reports I had
fundraising applicatio
come:
how far Mkomazi had
on. What I knew was
extinction
me Reserve, with local
from a degraded Ga
nds
ing rhinos, to how it sta
of many species includ
ife.
rk, brimming with wildl
today, as a National Pa
an
tional Park on the Keny
It neighbours Tsavo Na
cted
ote
of one of the largest pr
border, forming part
ecosystems in Africa.
|
Lucy Boddam-‐Whetham
S NOTED
Former Deputy Director
h the Fitzjohns. Tony
about spending time wit
I was nervously excited
worked closely with
since I was young. I had
is someone I have admired
time with her face-‐
ng
ndi
looking forward to spe
Lucy Fitzjohn, and was
them both better. My
te delight to get to know
to-‐face. It was an absolu
intenance background
for the ride (and his ma
partner Matt came along
cies of fence work and
laining the various intrica
came in handy when exp
was the Fitzjohns’
st
mo
at impressed us the
t
replacement to me!). Wh
se philosophy is eviden
’s boy-‐scout, no-‐nonsen
iled
ll-‐o
practical approach. Fitz
we
are
ctuary
and Mkomazi Rhino San
all around. Kisima Camp
rk. All of the Fitzjohn’s
wo
d
har
and
tion
ica
machines, run on pure ded
rked there for over
s, many of whom have wo
staff are local Tanzanian
ses achieved at
e to see the many succes
20 years. It was a privileg
’t imagine what Mkomazi
Mkomazi, though I still can
y first arrived.
the
en
must have been like wh
ctuary
ze of the San
shows the si
ew
his
vi
l
(T
.
ia
es
er
This a
fence lin
ibly straight
ed
d
cr
in
ha
I
e
t
th
ls
d
an
ght whi
n during a fli
on the
shot was take
d the other
n
a
y
er
en
sc
e
th
on’t
on
one eye
y hand – I w
utching in m
cl
s
a
w
I
g
a
sick-b
or not!)
was needed
divulge if it
be
We are currently fundraising to
e
cran
g
liftin
a
hase
purc
able to
truck that will enable additional
population management at the
Sanctuary, which is split into five
sections. In order to maximise
breeding success and genetic
diversity of the population, the
breeding pairs will be rotated and
r
some could even be moved to othe
locations within the Park.
16
ALL PICS MATT BROOKE UNLES
Another important member of the
team is Lucy Fitzjohn, who works
tirelessly on all of the admin and
fundraising at Mkomazi. During my
visit we spent a lot of time working
on the fundraising needs of the rhino
work and plans for the future.
The best news whilst we were
there was that the most recent
additions, two of three rhinos that
had been brought to Mkomazi
from Dvur Kralove Zoo in 2009,
had successfully mated and
produced a male calf named
Hilla. The calf was barely a
month old when we were there
and was well hidden in the
undergrowth, but here is a photo
of proud dad Jamie, standing
watch over his new family.
Another source of inspiration: this photo
shows the view from the hilltop where the
EEP classroom is positioned. The rhino skull
in the foreground is a poignant reminder of
how far Mkomazi has come.
SRI
continue
The rest of the rhinos
rtages
sho
ter
wa
d
an
,
to thrive
etimes require
within Mkomazi som
topped
be
the water pans to
er kindly
ws
bo
ter
up via the wa
. (Mkomazi
Zoo
er
est
Ch
by
funded
after all.)
’,
does mean ‘no water
SRI
One of the bi
ggest fundin
g needs at
the moment
is the replac
ement of the
Sanctuary fe
nce. The pole
s are coming
to the end of
their 12-15 ye
ar lifespan.
Many are ro
tten like thes
e ones and
need replac
ing.
Thanks to funders including
Mohamed bin Zayed Species
Conservation Fund, Chester Zoo and
The Bower Trust, last year, Mkomazi
was able to replace approx. 10km
of fence line (so far) with a mixture
of wooden and metal poles. This is
back-breaking work for the team,
but it is vital that the integrity of the
Sanctuary is not compromised.
It’s not just about the rhinos at
Mkomazi, there is also a successfu
l
breeding programme for the
endangered African wild dog.
I am sure the children
find Elisaria’s smile and
enthusiasm infectious
and inspiring.
Mkomazi also has its own Environmental
Education Programme (EEP) called Rafiki wa
Faru (meaning friend of the rhino); avid readers
of The Horn might remembe r reading about
it previously. The Operations Manager. Elisaria
Nnko also acts as the Environmental Education
Officer and is seen here explaining how the
breeding programme works to the school group.
SRI
Tony Fitzjohn is not just a
conservationist, but has also
had to turn his hand to being
a vehicle mechanic, pilot,
diplomat, road and fence
builder, teacher, community
liaison advisor… the list goes
on and on.
17
Kenya
Dealing with an emergency
ALL PICS SRI
The Laikipia District straddles the equator and is an extremely important
rhino habitat, home to around 45% of Kenya’s black rhinos and 72% of its
Southern white rhinos. These rhinos are state-owned but held in private and
community sanctuaries, which are members of the Association of Private
Land Rhino Sanctuaries (APLRS). APLRS activities include translocations
(to maintain rhino populations at productive densities), plus innovative
programmes such as its Intelligence and Informers network, and an
Emergency Fund, for use by all conservancies with rhinos in Kenya.
The emergency fund
is used to support a wide
area comprising private
and community rhino
sanctuaries — a great,
shared resource
Katherine Ellis | Michael Hearn Intern
Intelligence and Informers network
Eight of the APLRS areas are located in insecure and banditry
prone areas where poaching for rhino horn has skyrocketed
since 2009. Poaching has been exacerbated by infiltration of
ammunition from neighbouring Somalia, along with intensified
global demand for rhino horn in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Each day, anti-‐poaching rangers risk their lives to protect the
rhinos, with a real threat of encountering armed poachers.
The APLRS Intelligence and Informers Scheme uses new
ideas to counter the current poaching threat. It aims to
enhance the security and monitoring of rhinos in Kenya’s
private rhino sanctuaries through cash incentives, to
increase the motivation and morale of security personnel.
Sanctuaries who are members of APLRS agree to give
a standard compensation to security personnel who
apprehend poachers or recover firearms. Funds are also
available to rangers who supply credible information
leading to the arrest of poachers or the recovery of rhino
horn. These rewards are offered in recognition of the
considerable threat to the ranger’s personal safety, whilst
also reinforcing information and intelligence-‐gathering
mechanisms. It is hoped that by advertising the rewards
available, further information will be generated, leading to
the prosecution and conviction of rhino poachers.
Emergency Fund
As there are so few rhinos in the wild, each individual
preserved has a valuable conservation impact. It is obvious
that wild rhinos get hurt — male rhinos often fight, and
they occasionally break through fences and wander out of
conservancy areas. This is where the APLRS’s Emergency
Fund fits in: a central fund enabling member conservancies
to respond to poaching threats or emergencies.
18
The Emergency Fund can be used for a wide range of
activities, from providing veterinary care for injured rhinos to
translocating an aggressive bull or recapturing an animal that
has broken through a fence. During an emergency, money is
needed for many things, including truck/aircraft use, capture
and vet staff, drugs, darts, veterinary care and special feed.
The Emergency Fund can be used to cover 50% of the costs,
while the other 50% is paid by the conservancy involved.
On average, seven animals a year require emergency
assistance; however this may increase as Laikipia’s rhino
population grows. In the past year, funds have helped
save the lives of several rhinos. For example, in November
2010 in the Lewa conservancy, action was taken to treat a
young male black rhino calf after his mother was poached
the previous month. In February 2011, funds were used by
Ol Pejeta Conservancy (OPC), to treat and save the life of
Dada, a black rhino, shot by poachers. Support was also
given to OPC conservancy in March 2011, when adult males
received treatment following fights.
Save the Rhino welcomes initiatives such as the APLRS,
which benefits all members and involves coordination
between conservancies, private landowners and the
government. The APLRS schemes will benefit the Laikipia
rhino population and enhance Kenya’s capacity to achieve
the targeted black rhino growth rate of 6% per year in
established sanctuaries, and to achieve Kenya’s Vision 2030
of having 2,000 black rhinos in the wild.
Grants
Our very grateful thanks to Chester Zoo and Ian
Anderson, for their grants of £7,500 and £3,000
respectively, towards the Intelligence and
Informers network run by the APLRS. Chester Zoo
and SRI had both previously made grants for the
Emergency Fund.
Rhino soup
Flipping open my wife’s grandfather’s book, Hunter by
Hunter, I came upon the following passage, in which
J.A. Hunter discusses his meals with his camp cook.
Myself: What soup do we have tonight, Malumbe?
Malumbe: Rhino soup, bwana.
Myself: What meat?
Malumbe: Fillet of rhino, bwana.
Myself: What for tomorrow?
Malumbe: Rhino heart, bwana.
Whatever part I ate, I still had visions of the charging
animal that had died in defence of his heritage and
this hardly aided digestion.
Richard Bonham | Chairman, Maasailand Preservation Trust
MPT and its rangers
now protect the last
remaining rhinos in
the Chyulu Hills
This conversation took place only 65 years ago and only 30 miles from
where we are working with Kenya Wildlife Service on the Chyulu Hills
Game scout and rhino programme, endeavouring to protect the few rhinos
that J.A left behind. J.A, at that time, was responsible for clearing land for
settlement, which involved shooting 1,000 rhino on what is now known as
the great Makueni rhino hunt.
ALL PICS SRI
The Rhino Poaching Crisis — A Market Analysis, by Michael ‘t Sa s-‐Rolfes, is
a must-‐read for anybody interested in rhino conversation. It demonstrates
a staggering change in markets, from rhino being destroyed as vermin
60 years ago, to rhino horn having a market value of $6,000 a kilo only two
decades ago, and finally to the current horn value of approx. $65,000 per
kilo. The reasons for this huge hike are explained well in Michael’s paper.
Grants
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For us on the ground, it spells out the huge challenge we are facing.
We need to provide security for unfenced rhino in the Chyulu area, whose
horn value equates to a few million dollars. Now, in a poor country, where
people will risk a custodial sentence for stealing a mobile phone, the
temptation to poach a rhino must be almost impossible to resist.
The rhino crisis we are facing has two fronts. One is ours — in the field
desperately trying to play for time. The greater battle, to deflate the
market value, takes place thousands of miles away, and will dictate if we
will win or lose and if rhino will survive.
19
report
Supply and demand
The illegal rhino horn trade
Trade in rhino horn has a long history, with the earliest records of use in medicine
in China going back millennia. Rhino horns were also prized for their translucent
appearance when carved and used to make cups and bowls, which were
believed to have the added advantage of being able to detect alkaloid poisons.
More recent demand for rhino horn during an earlier wave of poaching in the
1960 – 70s was primarily for use in the construction of ceremonial dagger handles,
known as jambiyas, in Yemen.
Jo Shaw | Programme Officer — Large Mammal Trade, TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa Office
T
chewing fingernails’ can imply denigration of Asia’s ancient
healing arts. Respect for tradition and the concept of
face in front of one’s peers plays a major role in
Eastern culture, and specifically influences current
attitudes and practices of rhino horn usage.
his market has largely dissipated
in recent years, primarily due to
economic decline and social unrest
in that region. Rhino horn has also
been in constant demand in Asia as
a constituent in Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM) with ever-‐shifting
peaks of trade between China, Japan,
South Korea, Taiwan and territories.
By the mid-‐1990s, all the important
rhino horn consumer countries in Asia
had banned the substance in their
TCM industries.
TCM uses herbs and animal products
to create harmony and balance in
VICKY HUNT
Traditional Chinese Medicine
RENAUD FULCONIS
TRAFFIC’s report
on The Rhino Horn
Trade Dynamic
between South
Africa and Viet
Nam is due to be
launched in May
2012 and covers
these issues in more
detail. The report
will be available
for download from
www.traffic.org
20
the body. Rhino horn is believed to be
effective in reducing temperature and has
commonly been used to treat high fevers
and convulsions, to control haemorrhaging
and to assist the liver in cleansing the
blood of toxins resulting from the intake
of alcohol or poison. TCM often prescribes
rhino horn in combination with herbs and
other traditional ingredients. It has not,
as is widely and falsely propagated, been
prescribed as an aphrodisiac. The medicinal
properties of rhino horn, and other TCM
ingredients, have an ingrained cultural
significance in the East and for Westerners
to simply dismiss such beliefs as ‘being like
TRA
FFIC
Rhino horn has been
in constant demand
in Asia, where it is
consumed as medicine
Viet Nam
Trade patterns detected by TRAFFIC indicate that
the resurgent demand for rhino horn is driven
primarily by users from Viet Nam. Increasing
prosperity in the Vietnamese economy has led to
increased levels of individual disposable income
and, sadly, use of rhino horn appears to be a way
to demonstrate one’s affluence and high social
status. Both traditional and modern preparation of rhino
horn medicines typically involves grinding the horn
into a powdered form, which is then placed in hot water
to produce a white, cloudy liquid. In Viet Nam, special
porcelain bowls with a rough serrated bottom for the home
preparation of rhino horn are now widely available.
Rhino horn consumers
Today, rhino horn consumers in Viet Nam are thought to
fall into four main descriptive categories; habitual users
are invariably wealthy, middle-‐aged, urban-‐dwelling elites
who frequently use rhino horn as a detoxifying beverage
and body-‐rejuvenating tonic. Belief in the detoxification
properties of rhino horn, especially following excessive
intake of alcohol, probably stands as the most common
routine usage at this point in time.
Associated with the above, rhino horns
are purchased and offered as high-‐value,
status-‐conferring gifts to important
political officials and other socio-‐economic
elites within the country.
Individuals suffering from serious illnesses
such as cancer are also turning to rhino
horn to cure or improve their condition.
Although never described in the traditional
medical literature, recent popular belief in
Viet Nam seemingly promotes rhino horn
usage as treatment, and possibly a cure,
for life-‐threatening disease. As early as
June 2009, TRAFFIC researchers were
told stories of important individuals —
an unnamed Minister or another famous
person — who inevitably had cancer
but were ultimately cured
following treatment with
rhino horn. In reality,
evidence strongly
suggests that the
promotion of
miraculous curative
powers for rhino
horn represents
a cynical marketing
ploy to increase
the profitability of
the rhino
horn trade.
TRAFFIC has
also identified
another consumer
group comprising affluent,
young Vietnamese mothers
who keep small quantities
of rhino horn for home
preparation of medicines to
treat high fever, especially for
their children.
Save the Rhino’s
shiny new website
We are very excited to announce the launch of our
new website! Over the past few months we have been
working very hard to get ready for our launch. Hopefully
you’ve caught up with this in your RhiNEWS and have
had the chance to look around. If not, then I hope this
inspires you to go and check out the new site!
You can find us at www.savetherhino.org
Laura Adams | Office and Communications Manager
T
he site features all of the sections that you know and love from the
old site: you can read all about the programmes and projects that
we fund, find out everything you need to know about your favourite
rhino species, and keep up-‐to-‐date with the latest rhino news.
There are some changes though. We hope that it will be easier for you to
get involved. You can comment on the latest news stories and share them
through social media. We’ll have posts tackling the ‘thorny issues’ of rhino
conservation and will be posting updates on our blog.
We also have a fantastic new look design, which we believe is more user-‐
friendly, and means that you should find what you are looking for more easily.
Make the most of the search tools, there’s lots of good information on there!
What’s more, we would like to hear your feedback. Whether it’s about any of
the info that you have read,
or any suggestions for
content you would like to
see, please go to our blog
www.savetherhino/news/
blog. We’ve put a post up
there already that you can
comment on: just search for
articles tagged The Horn.
We’ll send a free eco-‐bag to
the first 10 people to post
a helpful comment!
The future?
This diversification in use of
rhino horn and broadening
of acceptance throughout
affluent Vietnamese society
represents a concerning trend.
However, testimonials are beginning to
surface in the Vietnamese media from
individuals who have experienced allergic
reactions due to poisoning as a result of
using rhino horn medicines. One wonders
if there are not also distressed relatives of
those who have died from serious illness,
despite spending large sums of money on
rhino horn as a treatment. Such tales of
disappointment may ultimately provide
the key to changing opinion on the medical
properties of rhino horn and lead to a
reduction in its demand.
Screenshots of our
fab new website.
What do you think?
Let us know!
Thanks
The team at TicToc who have helped us
to produce the fantastic new site.
21
Events
Douglas Adams
The Party
Sunday 11 March saw a mass of towel-adorned Douglas
Adams fans congregate for ‘the second most significant
60th jubilee of the year’ (Chortle): Douglas Adams The
Party. Save the Rhino and Douglas’s family and friends got together to create
a 60th birthday party worthy of the late, great Douglas Adams. Held at the
Hammersmith Apollo for 3,500 people, the event captured the essence of an
evening spent at one of Douglas’s famous house parties.
Jo Paulson | Events Manager
ALL PICS CLAIRE BILYARD
‘When a lean, affecting
Gilmour sang Wish you
Were Here or Gary Brooker
from Procul Harum ended
the show with A Whiter
Shade of Pale, this really
felt like a birthday party to
remember’ The Times
Save the Rhino Patron and good friend of Douglas’s, Clive
Anderson, did a fantastic job of hosting the evening and
interviewing Python star Terry Jones and Sanjeev Bhaskar,
where it came out that Douglas had once almost killed
most of the Monty Python stars by driving the wrong way
down the motorway. Sanjeev also told us that his famous
comedy series The Kumars at Number 42 was a nod to the
significant Hitchhiker’s reference (42 being the answer to
life, the Universe and everything).
Clive hilariously referred to the time he famously offended
the Bee Gees to the extent they walked off his talk show
after the tribute act The Heebeegeebees (made up of Angus
us of course had to be
P.S. The highlight for
-‐dancing rhinos!
tap
ht
the troupe of eig
‘In pursuit of the spirit of
Adams, the whole evening
was a touching tribute
to a man whose work is
not only loved, but still
being adapted anew for
television and radio nearly
11 years after his untimely
death’ Herald Scotland
‘For a brief time it felt
like the much-missed
wordsmith was indeed
here. Particularly at the
eyecatching end when the
onstage screen showed
him strolling naked into
the ocean’ London
Evening Standard
22
M
any of Douglas’s friends from the worlds of
music, comedy, entertainment and science
came together to honour the author, most
famous for The Hitchhiker’s Guide To The
Galaxy. Stephen Fry was there in virtual form to introduce
a film of himself and Mark Carwardine discussing
Douglas’s passion for conservation.
Deayton, Michael Fenton Stevens and Philip
Pope) sang Meaningless Songs (In Very High Voices).
Douglas is of course best known for his science fiction
writing, in which he explored his curiosity about the Universe
and demonstrated his ability to think about the world in
completely new ways. Those of Uncaged Monkey fame,
Robin Ince, Simon Singh and Helen Keen covered the science
for the evening, proving that Tellytubbies are in fact evil and
that cats will one day take over the world (as well as how we
know the Universe is expanding).
Jon Culshaw stood in for the sadly missing Brian Cox (who
had to fly to Australia last minute – ‘to point at volcanoes’
according to Robin Ince), with an excellent impression
(complete with pointing). He also demonstrated his
versatility by treating us to impressions of Sir Patrick Moore
and Tom Baker (for whom Douglas wrote Dr Who episodes).
John Lloyd, creator of Blackadder and QI
wrote The Meaning of Liff with Douglas in
1983. He treated us to a few of the top ‘Liffs’
that they created together – a redefinition
of a place name with a meaning for which
there is no current word. He also read some
of the winning entries to the competition we
ran in the lead up to the show. The winner
PEAKIRK n: One who regularly points out
that there are no lavatories on the USS
Enterprise
Interspersed throughout the night were
various sketches written by Adams in
the early years – for the 70s series The
Burkiss Way and 1974 Cambridge Footlights,
performed as if for a radio recording.
Rory McGrath, Will Adams, Martin Smith
and Susan Sheridan were amongst the
performers demonstrating Douglas’s
inventive use of language and wry sense
of humour.
The surprise reveal at the
end of the night was the band,
who last performed together
in Douglas’s living room.
Introduced by Richard Curtis,
the line up included David
Gilmour, Robbie McIntosh, Gary
Brooker, Jodi Linscott, Paul ‘Wix’
Wickens, Margo Buchanan, Dave
Bronze and Paul Bevis.
Ending with a heart-‐warming thanks by
Douglas’s family and a film of Douglas
walking into the sea overlain by What a
Wonderful World, there wasn’t a dry eye in the
house, or a person left sitting in their seats.
We’re proud and honoured to have created
‘one of the greatest events in the Galaxy’
(Stephen Fry), with the wonderful friends
and family of Douglas Adams. Thank you
to everyone who helped make this happen.
The Party raised almost £70,000, and we
will be making grants to two other charities
with which Douglas was closely involved:
The Environmental Investigation Agency
and the Gorilla Organization.
Events in brief
World Rhino Day
On Tuesday 22 September
2011, we took six rhino costumes
to the Vietnamese Embassy in
London for a peaceful protest.
We ‘de-horned’ one of our
rhino costumes and got out
our placards to demonstrate
against the killing of rhino
horn to be used in Traditional
Chinese Medicine. We chose
the Vietnamese Embassy as
there has been an increased
demand from Vietnam since
a rumour has
3 Peaks 3 Weeks
taken hold about a politician
being cured of cancer by using
rhino horn. We even gathered
up jars of human toenails
to demonstrate that rhino
horn is made up of the same
stuff — keratin — and delivered
a letter to the Vietnamese
Ambassador to explain why we
were there and to help raise
awareness of the problems
that countries like Vietnam are
causing for rhino populations.
In January 2012, eleven women from
the UK, Europe, USA and Australia
climbed the three highest peaks in
Africa in three weeks to raise money
for conservation, education and
health in Africa. Between them,
they raised over £100,000 for three
charities: Laikipia Wildlife Forum,
Support for International Change and
School of St Jude’s.
Save the Rhino has been involved
with the 3 Peaks 3 Weeks challenge
since it began in 2007. With the
massive success of the challenge,
founders Chloe and Laura have been
able to set up the Peaks Foundation
and include many more challenges
in many more countries. We wish them
the best of luck with this venture.
Visit www.peaksfoundation.org
for more information.
When you want to be noticed,
dress in a giant rhino costume.
It works for our marathon
runners, so we thought we
would give it a try!
SRI
CHARLOTTE PEYRAT
Rhino Trek
VAGANAY
Rhino Climb
South Africa 2012
Kilimanjaro
On 6 May 2012, a crash of intrepid
rhino explorers will travel across two
reserves in South Africa on the lookout
for rhinos.
Rhino MayDay
This year’s Rhino Mayday will take
place on Tuesday 1 May at the
Grant Museum of Zoology, University
College London.
They will trek 100 km over 5 days,
sleeping under the stars and taking
turns to look out for unwanted intruders
at night. They will end their trek at
Hluhuwe-iMfolozi Park, where they will
see where the money they have raised
will be spent.
We will have a variety of speakers,
talking on topics as diverse as
rhino horn trade, monitoring and
poaching, education and population
management. We will have a variety
of talks and a panel discussion so
that you can join in the debates. The
event will be an information-sharing
and awareness-raising event for
anyone with an interest in wildlife
conservation.
MIKE PETCHEY
We will have another trek in 2013,
so look out for details on our website.
The late, great Douglas Adams took
part in a trek from Mombasa to the
top of Kilimanjaro for Save the Rhino
back in 1994, taking a turn to wear
the famous rhino costume along the
coastal stretch. He wrote about it in
The Salmon of Doubt.
Since then, we have continued this
trip for rhino conservation and offer
a very special trip to visit one of
the rhino programmes we support:
Mkomazi (where the legendary Tony
Fitzjohn works).
The next climb, which will summit
at a full moon, takes place from
27 Sept to 6 Oct 2012. We will offer
a similar climb in September 2013.
rmation on all of our
Contact [email protected] for info
g/events
events, or visit www.savetherhino.or
23
Shoot to kill?
Last year, Save the Rhino received an email from a concerned supporter after a
comment on a well-known rhino conservation blog apparently ‘celebrated’ the
death of five poachers, shot by rangers in South Africa. What were Save the Rhino’s
views on the shooting, they asked? Is it ever OK to defend a policy that can mean
the loss of human life in order to protect wildlife?
Laura Adams | Office and Communications Manager
S
ave the Rhino’s position, and the policy adopted
by most of the programmes that we support, is to
shoot-‐to-‐kill only as a last act and in self-‐defence.
Anti-‐poaching rangers must first do all they can
to avoid this. In the event of a contact (a ranger meeting
a poacher), it would be much more beneficial if they were
caught and arrested, giving the opportunity to recover
valuable information about who has commissioned them
to turn to poaching, information about the supply chain,
and smuggling routes. If a poacher fires — they virtually all
carry guns these days — and endangers the ranger’s safety,
then rangers may fire back, with the chance that lives may
be lost in this exchange.
SRI
Many anti-‐poaching and monitoring
programme staff in the field are armed but
not all. Those protecting National Parks
a prison sentence are free
or Game Reserves usually are, while those
protecting rhinos and other wildlife in
to return and poach
conservancies (private or
more rhino
community-‐owned) are
not. It’s a tough ask to face
a poaching gang when
all you possess is a torch,
a phone and a GPS. Some
rhino holders are applying
for Police Reservist status,
which would allow named
individuals to bear arms;
others have come to
arrangements with local
police forces or the government department to carry out
joint patrols. Whoever is protecting the rhinos, is it morally
acceptable to shoot to kill?
TONY FITZJOHN
Poachers who do not receive
MAASAILAND
PRESERVATION TRUST
24
Shoot-‐to-‐kill is one of
the most controversial
issues facing rhino
conservation
Very occasionally, shoot-‐to-‐kill is not only tolerated but
encouraged, as a way of sending a very clear signal to
poaching gangs, and rewarding the bravery of the rhinos’
protectors. In Kaziranga National Park, India, forest guards
receive a cash bonus to their salary if they successfully
wound and kill a poacher. This stance has affected
funding; indeed this policy caused the BBC Wildlife
Fund to pull out of planned funding for the programme
a couple of years ago.
Furthermore, in Kaziranga the forest guards
will not be prosecuted for shooting a poacher,
whether in self-‐defence or as a pro-‐active
ambush or attack. The issue of indemnity for
armed wildlife guards is an important one
for many field programmes, whose staff risk
being caught up in lengthy court cases and
even prison, while acting in the line of duty.
Protecting rhinos endangers lives.
Mohammad Hasen Ali, a ranger at Rajiv
Gandhi Orang National Park in Assam, India
was fatally wounded when apprehending
a poacher and declared dead on arrival
at the nearest medical centre. His family
received $2,000 in compensation.
Conversely, a Zambian poacher has just
been killed, one of a group of three armed
poachers who resisted arrest and shot
at rangers in Tshakabika, Sinamatella in
Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe. There
are casualties on both sides.
In South Africa, 232 suspected poachers were
arrested in 2011. But of these how many will
actually end up being sentenced? Why don’t
we hear of more poachers going to prison,
and why is it so hard to convict a poacher?
iThe disparity between sentencing in
different countries is great. The law in
many countries does not assign long
prison sentences to wildlife crime.
Events
Many anti-‐poaching
teams are armed and
virtually all poachers
carry guns
On a dark night in the wilderness of London
Zoo, some strange and unusual creatures
gifted us with a brief glimpse of their beauty.
Interacting quite happily with the spectators,
this rare but wondrous species (Celebritus
dinewithus) showed their natural aptitude
for communication.
STEVE ROBINS
In Zambia,
possession of
rhino horn or a
conviction of
poaching can receive
a sentence of 20 years, while in Kenya, the penalty for
poaching is simply a fine (and a relatively low fine at that)
iEven where tough laws do exist, for a criminal case, it
Jo Paulson | Events Manager
is difficult to prove beyond all reasonable doubt that a
poacher is guilty. To do so would require DNA analysis
linking the rhino carcass, the horn and the poacher.
Too often, the expertise is not available for this type of
sophisticated analysis. Even in South Africa, where this
facility is available, many poachers are currently awaiting
trial dates, and appeals have been sent out for more
evidence from the public to complete these prosecutions.
If a poacher is apprehended before an attack, there is very
little to prove, except armed trespass
On 16 November 2011, six celebrity speakers
and MC Clive Anderson (right) joined us at our
annual fundraising dinner. Each speaker had
just 20 slides with 20 seconds per slide to
talk about something ‘Wild’.
Clive Anderson was responsible
for taming:
iFrank Gardner, the BBC’s Security
There is general frustration about the prosecution of rhino
poachers. It is important to build the political will to ensure
that prison sentences are given. Time and time again,
poachers are acquitted at trial. If this is the case, then
legal measures to crack down on poaching are not working.
Poachers who do not receive a prison sentence are free to
return to national parks and poach more rhino.
Correspondent, who told us stories from 20
wild places he’s been — from the wilderness
of Djibouti to the wild living in Tokyo
iRichard Bonham from the Chyulu Hills
rhino programme, on the pressures on
ecosystems and the challenges involved in
wildlife management
The highly organised nature of poaching syndicates means
that the poacher ‘on the ground’ is doing the dirty work,
but somewhere much higher up the chain is a criminal
gang, very literally, calling the shots. This makes convicting
poaching offences harder, and means that killing a poacher
will achieve very little in terms of reducing the number
of poaching incidents.
Syndicates can easily
find another person
willing to take the
risk and shoot a rhino.
And that puts those who
protect the rhinos in an
unenviable position.
iLouis Theroux, (right) on the
USA’s love affair with exotic
animals, to the extent that the US
now has more tigers as pets than
there are wild tigers in India
iKen Livingstone, (right) who talked
iHayden Turner, wildlife television
RENAUD FULCONIS
presenter, who took us to remote Cameroon where he
met the Baka people who sharpen their teeth with a
knife and hammer
ALL PICS DOMINIC NICOLLS
about his passion for wildlife, from
applying to be a keeper at London Zoo
to hitchhiking across Africa
iRichard Terry, cameraman and filmmaker, on the array
of injuries he has sustained after he stepped out from
behind the camera
The auction and raffle had some fantastic prizes, including
a Kenyan safari, a restaurant review with Giles Coren, a brick
of 500 $25 billion Zimbabwean dollar notes, a Namibian
safari and a rhino darting experience in South Africa.
The evening raised a massive £46,000 for rhino
conservation.
25
India
Inspiring India
It was an invitation I couldn’t turn down: an email from my dear friend Susie Ellis, Executive
Director of the International Rhino Foundation, asking whether I fancied travelling with her to
Darjeeling and Kolkata, to help teach a pair of fundraising workshops, followed by a visit to
Manas and Orang National Parks and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, to check on the progress
of Indian Rhino Vision 2020. Most of my expenses would be paid by a grant she had obtained
from USFWS. It took me under a nanosecond to accept.
Cathy Dean | Director
T
he word of the trip was ‘Yikes! Yikes!’ when a passenger
on the plane shouted in Hindi that he was going to blow
it up. (We could have done without the well-‐meaning
translator sitting next to us.) ‘Yikes!’ when we saw
the carpet in Delhi International Airport, a vision in orange.
‘Yikes!’ as we careered nearly 7,000 ft up an impossibly
twisty road to the gorgeous
hill station of Darjeeling.
Each group reported back
One good night’s sleep
later and there we were,
budget and others
in front of a group of
20 people working for
would critique it
local conservation
NGOs. Susie’s former
Development Officer,
Maggie Moore, had
planned the whole
workshop, with sessions
covering prospect
strategy and research,
the basics of donor
cultivation, ‘The Perfect
A group in Kolkata
Proposal’, writingfor
work up a practice
different
donors,
budgeting,
donor
stewardship
and
proposal
reporting. We took it in turns to present, happily ad-‐libbing
about good and bad examples we’d each come across.
SRI
on their draft proposal and
After an initial shyness, by the time we’d got the trainees
working in small groups on writing a practice proposal and
budget, everyone was having a great time. We’d told them
not to worry about whether the project was realistic,
just to ensure that the proposal followed
the right guidelines. I remember with
particular fondness a discussion about how to budget for
training elephants to catapult themselves across railway
lines in a sling, thus avoiding elephant deaths and train
derailments. Being creative is great fun.
Each group reported back on their draft proposal and
budget, and then the others would critique it. Their
enthusiasm was utterly infectious: we were all practically
cheering when one group came up with truly poetic
descriptions of their project site that would have painted a
vivid picture for any proposal review committee. On the last
day, Kanchenjunga appeared through the mist, illustrating
the words of their invented proposal!
Each two-‐and-‐a-‐half day course ended with a formal
evaluation, and I’m delighted to say that we had great
feedback from all participants. Those in Darjeeling, in
particular, were so impressed that we had come all the way
from Virginia and London to pass on our knowledge. But
far from it being one-‐way traffic of knowledge from Save
the Rhino and the IRF to West Bengal-‐based NGOs, we
also learned new things: about our own skills as trainers,
the fundraising climate and grant givers in India, local
environmental issues, and of course about the work being
done by conservation organisations in the area. There
was a plea for help to expand the Indian Rhino Vision 2020
project, which is currently based only in Assam, to cover
West Bengal too, and I very much hope there will be some
support for this.
The thing that makes me happiest in my job is being able
to team up with other like-‐minded people, to deliver great
conservation activities. There’s no point competing;
it’s so much more fun to collaborate.
Thanks
Susie Ellis of the IRF for the invitation to join
her; Bibhab Talukdar and Saurabh Baruah of
Aaranyak for arranging all the logistics; and Amit
Sharma and Deba Dutta of WWF-India for hosting
us in Assam. It was a brilliant trip — thank you.
26
Community spirit
Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) has created a forum to involve the local
community in conservation activities. Under the banner of IRV2020, WWF
India, Manas National Park Authorities and other local organisations have
collaborated to undertake many community initiatives, in conjunction with the
release of rhino translocated to Manas from other parks in Assam.
A dairy unit in
Madrijhar village
Deba Kumar Dutta | Senior Project Officer, WWF India
Amit Sharma | Coordinator of the Rhino Conservation Programme, WWF India
M
anas National Park is a World
Heritage Site situated in
Bodoland Territorial Council
(BTC), Assam, India. The
pristine and fragile landscape of Manas is
located on the northern belt of the river
Brahmaputra. Local people fondly know
Manas as Jwngni Manas Hagrama, Amar
Manas, ‘our beloved Manas’, or Jwngni
Game, ‘our game reserve’. Colloquially,
Jwngni Game Manas has more affinity with
the Bodo community, which dominates
the villages around the border of the Park.
The translocation of rhino has become
a great way to facilitate to community
involvement in conservation activities.
During the period January 2010 to
December 2011, interactive programmes
were arranged in 23 schools, reaching
out to more than 4,200 children from
35 villages, and reaching out to more than
5,000 adults from 48 different villages.
Manas Ever Welfare Society (MEWS), based
at Bansbari Range, has set up tourist
cottages that have been in operation
for more than two years, with extensive
technical support from WWF. To initiate
community-‐based tourism, a local group of
about 20 youths were encouraged to train
in the local art form, Bihu, which is popular
with tourists. These youths have been
performing over the last two years and are
able to earn a handsome livelihood.
A small dairy unit with two cows and two
calves was set up in Madrijhar village. With
support from the agriculture department
and active engagement from members
of MEWS, a pilot initiative of alternative
cropping has been undertaken in the fringe
areas of Manas under the Bansbari range.
Through this initiative, 15 families from
five villages were encouraged to cultivate
ginger. They were provided with 50 kg
free seeds per family. The first harvest
was made during the early part of 2011 and
the average productivity has been 110 kg
per family.
In 2011, over 50 families were provided with
free seeds to compensate for crop damage
by a rhino at Bhuyanpara Range. However,
the 8km electric fence commissioned
in 2009 does largely contain crop
depredation, and the local community
are happy and supportive. Community
awareness has helped maintain the
electric fence, with dozens of people
volunteering their time to assist.
Breakage inflicted by human actions
has gone down by almost 50%,
and theft of materials has been
non-‐existent since community
programmes began. There has
been a visible decrease in the
number of cattle entering the
Park for grazing.
We have seen a huge change
in the attitude of the villagers.
Villagers and school authorities
extend invitations to us,
wanting to know more about
rhinos and Manas, and share information
they have about rhinos and other wildlife.
Sometimes villagers even make a call at
midnight with news of rhino that have
strayed, and help us to bring the rhino
back inside the Park boundary. Villagers
frequently visit our field camp located
at Bansbari, Gyati village to learn more,
and provide us with
information on rhinos
and other wild animals.
We hope that these
positive trends will
continue, and that Manas
will flourish further.
Above: Community
support for the
electric fence
Left: Working
with schools in
the Manas area
ALL PICS WWF
Thanks
We duly acknowledge
the Assam Forest
Department, WWF, IRF, USFWS and BTC for their
initiative and continued support. We also
offer our thanks to the Chief Wildlife Warden of
Assam, all the members of the Task Force for
Translocation of Rhinos within Assam and its
sub-groups. A special thanks to all the doctors
from College of Veterinary Sciences, Khanapara,
WTI, Aaranyak and Assam State Zoo. Thanks
to the media, Police Department, Indian Army,
SSB, District Administration, local NGOs and
the community for their much-needed support.
Left: Meeting held with
Bamunkhal villagers
Above: Student
Bicycle rally round
the fringe of Manas
27
Indonesia
Species in peril
Sumatran and Javan rhinos are easily the most threatened large mammals
on Earth. A different set of threats places each species in peril.
Susie Ellis PhD | Executive Director, International Rhino Foundation
In 1995, earnest, concerted efforts began for organised
protection of Indonesian and Malaysian rhinos. The
IUCN Asian Rhino Specialist Group and the International
Rhino Foundation (IRF) facilitated and coordinated this
effort, which was funded by the Global Environment
Facility through the UN Development Programme, with
participation by WWF and other NGOs. The IRF has
continued to support Rhino Protection Units in Sumatra’s
Way Kambas and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks (and
in Java’s Ujung Kulon National Park) and the Sumatran
rhino breeding centre in Sumatra, managed through
Yayasan Badak Indonesia. Save the Rhino, the Asian Rhino
Project, and WWF are also key funders of this work.
The government of Indonesia has already adopted the
Indonesian Rhino Conservation Strategy and Action Plan, and
established a Rhino Task Force, but more needs to be done to
implement the strategy effectively. We are at a critical point
in conserving Sumatran rhinos, which face imminent danger
of extinction if urgent recovery measures are not initiated.
A small captive Sumatran rhino population of ten animals is
maintained by four institutions in Sumatra, Sabah (Malaysia),
and the United States. The population of Sumatran rhinos is
managed internationally by the Sumatran
Propagation and Management Board.
How do we engage
communities living next
to rhino areas to help
conserve them?
Sumatran rhino
conservation is
at a critical point,
with the danger of
extinction looming
Last year, the governments of Sabah, Malaysia and
Indonesia agreed in principal to share gametes (sperm)
between programmes, including the US. The captive
breeding programme is at a tipping point. There are only two
males producing sperm —Andalas, who was born in the US
and was moved to Indonesia in 2007, and his father, Ipuh, at
the Cincinnati Zoo. Andalas’ sister, Suci, is one of the three
28
breeding-‐age females in the population;
the other two are at the Sumatran Rhino
Sanctuary in Way Kambas National Park.
One, Ratu, is expecting a calf in June. In
Sabah, Tam, a male who wandered out of
the forest in 2008 does not appear to be
producing sperm. Tanjung, a female living
in isolation, was caught and moved to
facilities in Tabin Wildlife Sanctuary to join
Tam. Ostensibly, she has the potential to
breed, but it is too soon to tell. One thing is
for sure: true international cooperation will
be needed to make the captive programme
viable and sustainable, including collection
of a few new individuals to genetically
augment the population, in addition to
exchange of gametes.
As The Horn goes to press, Asian rhino
conservationists will meet in Indonesia to
further strategize about steps, including
collaboration, which will be necessary
to reverse the decline and secure the
future of these small populations. We can
expect a spirited debate. The beauty and
horror of these discussions is that not
everyone sees the problem or the solution
the same way. Are the populations really
decreasing? Is protection enough? How
do we increase usable habitat? What is
the role of translocations? How do we
engage communities living next to rhino
areas to help conserve them? Should
more emphasis
be placed
on captive
breeding?
One of the
ground rules
for these
discussions
will be that
people leave
their personal,
institutional and national agendas at the
door to focus on the problem at hand.
This is sometimes easier said than done,
but it is our hope that these meetings will
lead to agreement on the highest priority
actions for these critically endangered
species, including engaging the full support
of the governments of Indonesia and Sabah,
Malaysia, who bear ultimate responsibility
for their survival.
ALL PICS DEDI CANDRA
T
he Sumatran rhino, numbering no more than
200 individuals, is primarily threatened by
human encroachment, which leads to a loss of
usable habitat, and poaching, with a decrease in
population size of over 50% during the last two decades.
Approximately 175 animals live in three populations in
Sumatra; and around 20—25 individuals live in fragmented
pockets of habitat in Sabah, Malaysia. The species is
extinct in Peninsular Malaysia.
Final stronghold
The Javan rhino, a shy, secretive species, has the dubious distinction of facing the
highest probability of extinction of all large mammals on the planet. Occurring
only as a single population of perhaps between 27 and 44 animals, its final
stronghold is Indonesia’s Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) on the western tip
of Java, where they face habitat encroachment, and the risk of catastrophic loss
posed by natural disasters such as volcanic activity, tsunami and disease.
Susie Ellis PhD | Executive Director, International Rhino Foundation
A
nti-‐poaching patrols in UKNP have had their
seventeenth straight year without rhino poaching.
These successes were offset by news that the last-‐
known Javan rhino inhabiting Vietnam was killed by
poachers in 2010, causing biologists to declare the species
extinct on the Asian mainland. Javan rhinos persist in UKNP
because they are carefully monitored and guarded by IRF-‐
funded Rhino Protection Units, elite anti-‐poaching teams
that patrol every day.
Last month, the decomposed carcass of a Javan rhino was
discovered. Its horn intact, the animal is believed to have been
under 10 years of age. Three dead rhinos also were found in
2009 — two decaying carcasses and one older set of bones —
probably not poached as the horns were intact. More likely,
they died from natural causes or disease. In the past, there
have been disease outbreaks among Javan rhinos caused by
diseases spread by domestic livestock grazing in rhino habitat.
This remains a major threat; even now, it is common for local
people to graze their cattle within UKNP boundaries.
IRF
Recently discovered
Javan rhino skeleton
is analysed
Recent video-‐camera-‐trap surveys
conducted by UKNP staff have identified
37 individual rhinos, with only 4 — 5
reproductive females; previous studies
conducted by WWF-‐Indonesia had confirmed
at least 19 individuals. Faecal DNA studies
are being carried out this year to back
up these population estimates and to
determine the sex
ratio. The death of
this fourth rhino in
UKNP is devastating
and, combined with
the loss of the last
animal in Vietnam,
totals a loss of 11%
of the population
(if indeed there are
44 animals) in the past
three years. If this rate
of decline continues,
and if reproduction
does not significantly improve, the species could be lost
by 2030 — in a mere 18 years’ time.
The population may have reached carrying capacity in the
current habitat and probably cannot grow any larger without
intervention. Expanding the habitat available to Javan rhinos,
through establishing the Javan Rhino Study and Conservation
Area (JRSCA) on the eastern side of UKNP should allow the
population to increase and continue reproducing, which in
turn would help to expand the species’
population and contribute to preventing
its extinction. Habitat modifications (for
example, removal of invasive Arenga palm
and replanting with rhino food plants) have
already taken place in the JRSCA. Two
rhinos regularly visit JRSCA’s recently
replanted habitat.
Uncompleted activities include:
iconstructing small bridges and a
patrol road,
iproviding a water supply and saltlick,
iconstructing five new guard posts,
iconstructing an electric fence that
should significantly reduce, if not stop,
the entry of domestic cattle into the Park
from surrounding villages.
All of these are critical first steps to laying
the foundation for the longer-‐term goal
of translocating a subset of the UKNP
population to a suitable second site (to be
determined) elsewhere in Indonesia — which,
given the rate of decline, needs to be done
as soon as possible.
As much as we need comprehensive
scientific studies, as well as community
engagement, to support conservation, to
inform Javan rhino management, we need
to decisively act before all the necessary
information is in place. Yielding to pressure
from a handful of local NGOs opposed to the
project, the Indonesian government has put
the JRSCA construction on temporary hold.
The JRSCA has the support of the IUCN
Asian Rhino Specialist Group, a number
of international and Indonesian NGOs,
including the IRF. We see the JRSCA as
the last desperate chance to set the Javan
rhino on the path to recovery. We know we
won’t have this opportunity again.
Thanks
Our grateful thanks to Safaripark
Beekse Bergen van Dieren rijk and
to Blair Drummond Safari Park
for their support for Javan rhino
conservation efforts.
29
BAKE-‐OFF
Try a rhino recipe!
Recipes by James Vause. Check out James’s fundraising page for
Gold Challenge: www.justgiving.com/jamesthegoldrhino
Bakewell Tarts
Enough for 24 little Bakewells
Shortbread (for the outside of the tarts)
175g self-‐raising flour
175g margarine
100g sugar
100g semolina
For the almondy middle bit
110g self-‐raising flour
110g ground almonds
60g almond flakes
170g sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
120ml vegetable oil
180ml water
1 teaspoon almond extract
1
€2 teaspoon vanilla extract
You’ll also need lots of jam (about half a jar
in total—seedless raspberry works well) and
some ready-‐roll icing and glacé cherries
if you want to make cherry bakewells
like you get in the shops.
Step 1 3UHKHDW\RXURYHQWR‘&5XEWKHVKRUWEUHDG
ingredients together with your fingers. Chill and roll out
the
shortbread mix to about 5mm thick, then divide up with
a round
cutter, or cut round the top of a big mug. Use the rounds
you have
made to line your cake cases and put them in the oven to
bake for
8 minutes.
Step 2 While the cases are in the oven, make the almond
-‐y middle
by mixing together the dry ingredients (flour, ground almond
s,
almond flakes, sugar, baking powder) in one bowl and wet
ingredients (oil, water, almond extract, vanilla extract) separa
tely,
and then mix together.
Step 3 Get the cases out of the oven after about 8 minute
s,
before they start going golden brown. Add about a teaspo
on of
jam and then fill up with almond mix a little way under the
top so
WKH\GRQWRYHUIORZLQWKHRYHQ5HWXUQWRWKHRYHQRQ
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cook until golden brown, about 20—25 minutes.
Step 4 Leave to cool, roll out icing, cut into rounds big
enough
to cover the top of the Bakewell. Add half a glacé cherry.
Serve with a nice cup of tea.
isin Cookies
Easy Oat & Ra nding on the size
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20 cookies, de
Makes about
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115g margarin
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fore storing or
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Why not send us your photos?
You can email pictures of your baked goodies to
[email protected] and we’ll post them on our blog
www.savetherhino.org/latest_news/blog
30
ALL PICS JAMES VAUSE
Thank You!
Our heartfelt thanks to:
rmest
We would like to express our wa
s,
thanks to the following individual
bodies for
companies and grant-making
k over
their generous support for our wor
achieve
the last six months. We could not
goodwill,
all that we do, without the time,
port of
and financial and pro-bono sup
you all.
Companies
e, Association for
2:09 Events, Aardman Animations, Appl
na Ranch, BP
Bora
a,
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of
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repoint
Cent
Amoco Foundation, Bush and Beyond,
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ricity
Ecot
use,
Computer Services, The Colourho
Google,
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Gifts
It
Give
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acar
Give
a,
Everyclick, Expert Afric
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ation
Anim
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Head
tion,
erva
Cons
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er Company, Linton
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o Wuas, The
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ionfi
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om, Alex
vel.c
letra
onsib
Resp
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Com
tre
Radio Thea
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ork,
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kesil
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le,
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31
31
Trustees
Henry Chaplin
Christina Franco
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Tom Kenyon-‐Slaney (Chair)
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Founder Patrons
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COVER IMAGE TOP: MATT BROOKE
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