“The New Republic” Exam Review – Mr. Connors
President Washington
1. What did the actions and policies of the Government under President Washington resulted in?
a. Strengthening the Federal Government
2. What is the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
a. Proves the strength of the Federal Government
3. What led to the Whiskey Rebellion?
a. Passage of the Whiskey (excise) tax
4. What did the decision to use state militia to stop the Whiskey Rebellion show?
a. Federal Government intended to enforce laws passed by Congress
5. What is a tariff?
a. Tax on imported goods
6. Why did Hamilton urge Congress to pass a protective tariff?
a. To encourage the growth of American manufacturing and industry
7. Why would historians consider Hamilton a very successful Secretary of the Treasury?
a. Created a financial plan for the new country
8.
How did Hamilton’s financial plan help establish the credit of the United States?
a. Provided a way for the payment of the nation’s debts
9. What was included in Hamilton’s financial plan? (multiple answers)
a. National bank, repay the debt, excise (Whiskey) tax, protective tariff
10. Why did Madison and Jefferson object to Hamilton’s financial plan?
a. Felt the national bank would serve the interests of North and wealthy and was unconstitutional
11. What did Hamilton believe that a major role of the Federal Government was?
a. Support and encourage business and industry
12. Why did political parties form? (multiple answers)
a. Interpreting the Constitution, disagreement over Hamilton’s financial plan specifically the national bank
13. What is the major role of political parties in the United States?
a. Nominate candidates for office and conduct political campaigns
14. What foreign policy advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address of 1796?
a. Steer clear of permanent alliances, neutrality
15. Why was the United States able to follow Washington’s foreign policy for decades?
a. Geographic location – Ocean separated us from Europe
16. What is a precedent?
a. An example for others to follow
17. What precedents did Washington set? (multiple answers)
a. Cabinet (advisors), two term limit, “Mr. President”, Neutrality
18. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?
a. Federal Courts – ex: Supreme Court, Federal District Courts, Federal Appeals Courts
19. Who was Jay’s Treaty between? What was agreed to?
a. Britain. Britain gave the U.S. payment for American ships they had seized
President Adams
20. What is the significance of the X, Y, Z Affair?
a. Adams is able to avoid war with France, created the U.S. Navy
21. What were the Sedition Acts? What did the Sedition Acts specifically violate?
a. Couldn’t write or publish anything against the government. Violates Freedom of Press
22. Describe the term midnight judges.
a. Judges appointed at last minute
23. What is the meaning of the quote, “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”?
a. X, Y, Z affair. President Adams refused to pay bribes for France to stop seizing our neutral ships. Adams created
the Navy to defend our traders and the U.S.
President Jefferson
24. Why was Jefferson the Vice President in 1796?
a. Because he received the second most electoral votes
25. What happened to the excise tax on whiskey when Jefferson took over the Presidency?
a. He repealed the tax
26. What is the chief significance of the Louisiana Purchase? (Two possible answers)
a. Doubled the size of the U.S. & received control of the Mississippi River
27. Why did the New England Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?
a. Feared it would increase political power of the West and Democratic – Republicans
28. Who were Lewis and Clark and what did they do?
a. Sent by Jefferson to explore the new Louisiana Territory. Used Indian guides and the Missouri River. Collect
geographic and scientific information
29. What is an embargo?
a. Government restriction on trade for political purposes
30. Who was hurt the most as a result of the Embargo Act of 1807?
a. New England Merchants
31. Why did Jefferson call for an embargo in 1807?
a. To remain neutral even when England and France were violating our rights as a neutral nation
Chief justice john Marshall
32. What was the result of the decisions under Chief Justice Marshall?
a. Strengthened the power of the Federal Government
33. Marbury v. Madison  Judicial Review – declare laws constitutional or unconstitutional
34. Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824  Federal Supremacy of Interstate Commerce
35. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819  Federal Supremacy of Law
36. Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819 Sanctity of Contracts