- A. L. HOLL‘EY..
Making Bessemer Steel.
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Patented June21, 1870.
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`> ALEXANDER L. HOLLEY, or BROOKLYN, ~New YORK,
.-.Letters Patent-No. 104,592, dated'fun'e 2l, 1870.
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IMPROVEMENT -INÍLININQBESSEMER conveniens.
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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent anä making part oi the' same.
To whom ¿t mag/.concern :
suitable place and manner, but instead of ramming the
`_ Be_it known that I, ALEXANDERÁL. HOLLEY, of ’ lining‘dir'ectly against the skin, I setïp'reviously ram
4the clty‘of Brooklyn„~ county of Kings and _State of med shells into the converter.V
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New York, have invented a new and useful Improve
These shells are shown atH K_L M as set in the
ment .1u Lining Bessemer Converters; and Illnereby` converter, and containing their linings I J N O.
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‘declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact
In order that the shells may be f_irmly heldin place,
description thereof, reference being had to the accom they may ‘be'laccuratelyñtted to the interior or to pro
panying drawings.
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jections upon the interior of the converter skin. ~ I
Bessemer converters are usually lined by taking the prefer, however, 'to adjust the shells, and to hold 'them
converter apart at Va joint near the trunnious, so' that
suitable molds can be- inserted.
Into the 'annular
iirmly in place, hy means of the set-screws PvP, screwed
through the skin of the converter at various places.
'l‘he size and position of theset-screws will depend '
>On the thickness and size of the shells. In a five-_tou
spaces,‘.(geuerally eight to teninches wide,)I between
verter, pulvcrized refractory lining material (generally converter having shellsl three-eighth‘s of an inch think,
these‘inolds4 andthe interior of the skin of the con
` silicious stone and a littlefclaylis rammed. >
The two parts ofthe converter are then` put to
two _horizontal rows of set-screws,îoue and aquarter
inch diameter and frorn‘two to .three feetV apart for
gether again, and the lining’then being glazed .by heat, each shell, `will be suiflcient.
is ready for use., The lining of the nose òf 'the con-v
verter is usually made of rire-bricks.
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The shells are rammed with', the usual refractory
lining material in'the following manner: -
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The time occupied in lining a five-ton converter fby
»The shell H, Figure __3, is set over the mold Q, the
the ordinary method is from twenty~four to forty-eight mold R is inserted into the shell, and the'annular space
hours, duringwhichïtime the 'converter is, of coarse, Sis4 filled'and rammed just as the skin of the con~
out of use, and _the product of the works is propol‘-, ' verter would be filled and rammed by the usual method
tionally diminished, and, as linings Ado -not usually
stand more than two hundred heats, the loss due to
lining is considerable.
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of lining,
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The‘rmold B. is then removed, and the lining in the
"shell H is dried by vmeans of anoven, or in'any'suit
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My improvement consists chieñy in rammiug the able mannenwhen it is ready to be` set into the con
lining material into severalfiron shells previously fitted' verter. The other shells are lined by the aid of suit
tothe interior ofthe converter, and then setting these ablemolds, 'in the same manuel'. '
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Th'e shell M, fig. 1, may be lined'with Íìrc-brick'just
`shells into the converter, so as toformacontinuous
lining. ` I provide duplicate shells, so that, while one as the vnoseof'` the converter is usually lined.
s_et is'in use‘another set is being rammed and dried.'
In Order to’have a set of lined shells -ready to putTlle‘converter is thus out of _use only while the shells into a converter when the set already in use shall re
are beingset into' it'aud glazed._
quire’removaL-I provide at least three sets of shells
To enable others t0 construct and 'use my invention, -»for a pair of converters, =so that one set may he always
I will now more particularly describe it with reference lined,- or in process of lining,` while the other two sets
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to lthe annexed drawings, in which the same letters are in use.
refer to like parts.
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‘ These shells maybe removed -from or set into the
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1 Figure 1- is a vertical sectionof a converter, of which
A and B are respectively the-lower and upper por
con-verter by any suitable means.. îI prefer to use'the
tions of the skin.A
maybe swung under vand caught upon the lugs-V, which are fastened to the‘exterior of the shell.y
This arrangement occupies Very little space between
the shell and the skin of the converter, and >it lifts the
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‘C is the> trnnnion-rìng;
D, a trunnibn;
i ' E, _the tweer-box; and I
_ F Fare tweers.
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4 In lining a converter thus constructed, by the ordi
WA-nairyinethod, the section A below the joint G would
be removed, and »theV section B would be turned on
the trunnions nose downward, so that bothsections
would be accessible fromfthe ,top for the insertion of
the molds and of the lining material.
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I take the converter apart in thesame or in any
cross-beams T, Figure 2;, provided with hooks U, which
shell and its lining evenly at four points. It is shown
on a larger scale at Figures 4 and 5.
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' To remove a worn lining, I take the converter apart
at the'joiut Gr G, as usual. ‘ I then remove the lower
section ofthe converter, and turnthe upper section
nose down.A I then slaek all the set-screws l? l?, when
each section„with its lining, may be lifted out by the
crossfbeams TfTby-meahs of a crane.
104,592
Care should be taken in this case to break the glazed
such form as to leave an annular space around the said
bottom, this space to be filled by ramming it with the
ring of refractory material Z. But the lower part of
I prefer, however, in case the lining is very hard, to the liningr I may be molded to suit any other method
soften and crack it by throwing water ou it while it is of setting bottoms.
red hot, and then to remove it by wedges or bars, or ' In order to hold the shells more firmly in their
places, the annular spaces between the shells and the
in any suitable manner, before taking out the shells.
The newly-lined shells are thenset into their proper skinof the converter may, in some cases, be filled
places in the converter, in order. As each _one is set with sand or with any suitable compact material.
~I generally prefer, however, to leave this annular
it is adj usted and fastened by turning up the set-screws.
A little of fire-clay, or suitable refractory material, space unfilled, and to make numerousvholes ,in the
surface of the lining with a bar, so that it may be
easily fractured at the intersections of the shells.
should be placed upon the top of the lining of each
skin'of the converter through whicllthe shells may
be observed, so as to judge of the state of the lining.
After the converter is put together again the joints When >thc lining is very thin the shell will become
between the linings of the different shells- should be red hot.
shell heforethe next shell is set upon it.
In constructing new converters, I sometimes prefer
inspected from within, and, if they are at all- open,
they should he closed with plastic or semi-fluid refrac to make the converter a skeleton or frame-work with
tory material in the ordinary manner. The converter
out a continuous skin. The shells then constitute the
is then glazed, as usual, when it is ready for-use.
In order to prevent the shells K L from slipping
skin of the converter;
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What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pat
down when the upper section of the converter is turned ent, is
'l‘he combination with a Bessemer converter 'of a
nose up, and before the bottom section is attached, I
prefer, rather than to trust to the set-screws alone, to' sectional lining in removable shells, substantially as
add two or more positive fastenings, such as the wedge and for the purposes set forth.
A. L. HOLLEY. [1..
Y, Iigs. 2 and 6, inserted between a lug, YV, on the
Witnesses: l
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shell K, and a lug, X, ou the skin X’ of the converter.
BARNEY MEE,
When using duplicate removable converter-bottoms
P. HARRY MITCHELL,
a a, I prefer to mold the lining I, in the lower shell, of