Roadmap to Understanding Substance Abuse

Roadmap to Understanding
Substance Abuse
A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND FAMILIES
•Learn about the risks associated with alcohol, marijuana and heroin use.
•Discover tips for discussing alcohol and drug use with your children.
•Find out what questions to ask when it comes to drug and alcohol
abuse treatment.
Roadmap to Understanding
Substance Abuse
A Guide for Parents and Families
HOW TO COPE IF SOMEONE HAS A SUBSTANCE ABUSE ISSUE....... Pg. 4
WHAT’S A PARENT TO DO?.............................................................. Pg. 6
STARTING THE CONVERSATION...................................................... Pg. 7
A PARENT CHECKLIST...................................................................... Pg. 8
WHAT YOU SHOULD WATCH FOR.................................................... Pg. 9
THE FACTS ON DRINKING ALCOHOL.............................................. Pg. 10
THE FACTS ON SMOKING MARIJUANA.......................................... Pg. 14
THE FACTS ON HEROIN................................................................... Pg. 16
WHERE TO TURN FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE HELP................................ Pg. 18
SUPPORT GROUPS........................................................................... Pg. 20
QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN SEEKING TREATMENT............................. Pg. 21
OTHER HELPFUL RESOURCES........................................................... Pg. 22
Since 1968, we have been an industry leader in providing the answers
individuals and their families need related to alcohol and drug treatment.
Gateway centers provide adults and teens with substance abuse treatment
programs that are innovative, effective and affordable. Gateway Alcohol &
Drug Treatment Centers are dedicated to making a real difference in the lives
of the people we treat.
Gateway is licensed by the state of Illinois and accredited by The
Joint Commission, an independent, not-for-profit organization.
The Joint Commission accredits more than 17,000 health care
organizations and programs in the United States.
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Understanding Substance Abuse:
How to Get Started
The more you know, the better you will understand how
to approach situations down the road that may involve
substance abuse and someone you care about. Rest
assured, you aren’t traveling this road alone. The Roadmap
for Understanding Substance Abuse provides useful tips
for spouses, parents and friends to identify whether or not
substance abuse is a driving issue related to other problems
and what to do about it.
So turn the page and get started.
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3
HOW TO COPE IF SOMEONE HAS A
SUBSTANCE ABUSE ISSUE
Nearly one in 10 American adults and teens has a drug or alcohol abuse
problem. That one person could be your neighbor, co-worker or spouse.
The truth is, odds favor you know someone who struggles with substance
abuse. Here are some important tips to help you educate yourself on
substance abuse.
TALKING TO SOMEONE WHO MIGHT BE ABUSING DRUGS OR ALCOHOL
Perhaps you feel upset, angry, frustrated or ashamed about someone’s problem
with drinking or drug use. Whatever you’re feeling, it’s okay to feel the way you
do. What’s more, it’s often worth talking to the person about your feelings - being
honest may encourage someone to open up to you about underlying emotions,
fears or anxiety.
When you talk with someone about drinking and drug use, listen and respect what
he or she has to say. It may actually encourage the person to take action. However,
if you are shut down initially, don’t take it personal - denial is a common response
to concerns about substance abuse. Rather, just listen and don’t judge or it may
be more difficult to get him or her to open up later.
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WHO’S AT FAULT?
Whatever issues have led an individual to develop a problem abusing alcohol or
drugs, you are not to blame. Usually a person believes the problem is not with them,
but with everybody else. Realize you may be
blamed for suggesting there is a problem,
but remember you are not to blame for
someone else’s drug or alcohol abuse.
WRONG WAY: ENABLING
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
A co-dependent relationship occurs
when you are involved with a person who
abuses drugs or alcohol and you enable
that behavior. It’s when you cover up for
a person if they lie, make excuses for their
behavior, give money or in other ways take
care of the individual because of their
substance abuse. You may believe you
are helping, but ultimately you are only
enabling someone to continue abusing
drugs and alcohol while depleting your
own energy and resources.
TAKE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
If a person is struggling with substance
abuse his or her judgment may be
compromised. You have a right to put your
safety and the well-being of your family
first. Consider having a backup plan that
may include arranging to stay with family
or friends if an emergency arises.
Understand
Substance
Abuse is a
Disease
It is important to realize
that substance abuse is a
disease. The person with an
addiction issue is not able to
take control of this problem
without professional help. As
a loved one, you cannot stop
the individual’s substance
abuse. However, families can
avoid covering it up or doing
things that make it easy for the
person to continue the denial.
Encourage your family member
or friend to get the professional
treatment they need.
“If someone you care about is abusing
drugs or alcohol, Gateway can help.
Call our 24-Hour Helpline today at
877-505-HOPE.”
Gina Howard, MS, LPC, CADC
Gateway Caseyville
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5
WHAT’S A PARENT TO DO?
Today your children are surrounded by new technology and influenced
by media, pop stars, social networking and more. Through computers and
personal phones kids have access to the world; and the world has access
to them.
As a result, there’s never been a more pivotal time in helping kids make
positive choices when it comes to drugs and alcohol. For all their technology
savvy and sophistication, today’s adolescents still need guidance on how
to navigate some of their tougher choices, especially those with potential to
impact the rest of their lives.
The next few pages offer parents tips for how to have respectful conversations
that empower adolescents to make healthy, well-informed choices.
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CONNECT & PROTECT
Steer meaningful conversations with your kids
We understand that it’s scary to think about
the extremely widespread use of drugs and
alcohol among today’s adolescents. As
experts in the substance abuse treatment
field, we can tell you not to be lulled into
thinking it can’t happen to your child. The
fact is a wide variety of drugs and alcohol
is available to your child if he or she wants
them.
Did You Know?
About 35% of 12th graders
reported using marijuana in the
past month.
More than 5% of teens age
12-17 have admitted to using
illicit substances, such as:
prescription drugs, inhalants
and even heroin.
Conversations are one of the most powerful
tools parents can use to combat a child’s
drug and alcohol use. The truth is
adolescents do listen to their parents when it
comes to drinking and smoking, particularly
if the messages are conveyed consistently
and with authority. In fact, research suggests
the majority of teens - around 80% - feel
parents should have a say in whether they
drink alcohol.*
*National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Parenting to Prevent Childhood Alcohol Use.
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/adolescentflyer/adolFlyer.pdf. July 2013
KEYS TO DRIVING MEANINGFUL EXCHANGES
Figuring out how to approach the issue with your kids can be tough. Realize this
issue cannot be adequately addressed in a “one-and-done” talk, instead it’s an
on-going conversation you will revisit and reinforce many times over the years.
Consider these helpful tips:
When you talk with your child about drinking and drug use, listen and respect
what he or she has to say. If your child feels judged they are less likely to turn
to you with concerns.
Make your expectations of no
drinking or drug use clear to your
child, and let them know you will
enforce those expectations.
Teach your child about the dangers
of drinking and drug use. Discuss
laws, potential repercussions
and health-related outcomes.
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7
A PARENT CHECKLIST
ENCOURAGE OPEN DIALOGUE
If you’ve been talking to your child openly throughout the years then you’ve formed a
solid foundation for an open dialogue. However, as your child matures even the most
communicative child can close up. It’s up to you to keep the lines of communication
open and non-judgmental.
SET ASIDE ONE-ON-ONE BONDING TIME
Sometimes your child needs to be reminded despite the preoccupations of everyday life
for the both of you - work, school, after-school functions, siblings and family obligations
- he or she still matters and is being listened to. Try to get some one-on-one time with
each of your children.
MONITOR AND COMMUNICATE MORE
Did you know kids who are not monitored are four times more likely to use drugs than
those whose parents monitor their activities? You have every right to know what’s going
on in your kids’ lives from who they interact with to where they go. Consider talking to
other parents and school leaders about drug and alcohol use to stay informed.
DISCUSS DRUGS AND ALCOHOL IN A WAY THAT REFLECTS THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC
A quick chat in between texts or on the drive to soccer practice may not be sufficient to
signal the gravity and importance of drug abuse. We know it’s hard to find the right time
to have a conversation with your children, but this is an important message to share.
ADOLESCENT WARNING SIGNS OF
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
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- Defiant of authority or complaints
from teachers
- Loss of interest in school activities,
hobbies or sports
- Drop in grades; truancies or loss of interest in schoolwork
- Change in friends and secretive
about whereabouts
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WHAT YOU SHOULD WATCH FOR
Many signs of alcohol or drug abuse, in isolation, may be just normal behavior.
If someone you know is exhibiting a combination of these signs, substance
abuse may be at the heart of the problem.
PERSONAL APPEARANCE/HABITS
BEHAVIOR
- Change in overall personality
- Poor hygiene
- Hidden stashes of alcohol
- Messy, careless appearance
- Moodiness, irritability or nervousness
- Unexplained weight loss or gain
- Sudden oversensitivity or resentful
behavior
- Concealed marks or lines on arms
or legs
- Secretive phone calls, texting or
instant messages
- Chewing gum or mints to cover
up breath
- Extreme hyperactivity; excessive talking
- Smell of smoke on breath or clothes
FAMILY/FRIENDS
MONEY ISSUES
- Withdrawal from family members
- Unexplained need for money
- Disengage in family activities
- Not able to account for spending
- Change in friends; secretive about new friends
- Found or accused of stealing
HEALTH
HOME
- Sweatiness
- Locked bedroom doors
- Depression
- Frequently breaks rules and curfews
- Sores, spots around mouth
- Missing household funds or valuables
- Dilated pupils or bloodshot eyes
- Excessive need for privacy;
unreachable
- Inability to sleep or unusual
sleep patterns
- Runny nose, not caused by allergies
or a cold; Unexplained nosebleeds,
nausea or vomiting
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- Increased use of air fresheners,
scented candles or incense
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The Facts On
Drinking Alcohol
A person may behave or do
things out of the ordinary under
the influence of alcohol - even
after consuming a small amount.
Alcohol affects how well a
person assesses risk and makes
decisions. In other words, all the
tools, rules and lessons a person
knows can easily be forgotten
and/or ignored if intoxicated.
Many people believe that beer and wine are “safer” than hard liquor. One 12-ounce
bottle of beer or a 5-ounce glass of wine (about a half-cup) has roughly as much
alcohol as a 1.5-ounce shot of liquor. The fact is that alcohol can make you drunk
and cause you problems no matter how it’s consumed.
CAUTION:
• One drink can make you fail a breath test. In Illinois the minimum
cost of a first conviction while driving under the influence is
estimated at more than $14,000.
• Alcohol is a depressant, or downer, because it reduces brain
activity. If you are depressed before you start drinking, alcohol can
make you feel worse.
• Alcohol is a drug. Mixing it with other over-the-counter or
prescription drugs can be extremely dangerous. Even some herbal
remedies don’t mix well with alcohol.
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Many people have their own opinions about what constitutes moderate drinking.
However the USDA has defined moderate drinking as:
MEN
WOMEN
Up to 2 drinks
per day
Up to 1 drink
per day
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A FUNCTIONING ALCOHOLIC?
A functioning alcoholic is someone who can hold down a job, pursue a career
or care for children while most often under the influence of alcohol. Some can do
these things successfully, but the question becomes, how well are they handling
their role of spouse, parent, driver, financial manager or community volunteer
while under the influence?
A functioning alcoholic may not understand the health risks for them are just as
serious as for someone with a more obvious addiction to alcohol.
SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM
Craving
A strong need or urge to drink.
Loss of Control
Unable to stop drinking once
drinking has begun.
Physical Dependency
Withdrawal symptoms occur after
drinking stops, such as: nausea,
sweating, shakiness and anxiety.
Tolerance
The need to drink greater amounts
of alcohol to get intended “high.”
Because alcoholism is a disease,
most alcoholics can’t simply “exercise
some willpower” to stop drinking.
Alcoholics are frequently in the grip
of a powerful craving for alcohol, a
need that can feel as strong as the
need for food or water.
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EFFECTS OF DRINKING TOO MUCH ALCOHOL
Until recently, it was generally accepted that regular light to moderate drinking
is good for the heart, but that’s only a portion of the story. With heavy or at-risk
drinking, any potential heart benefits are outweighed by far greater risks. In fact,
alcohol can damage every organ in a person’s body since alcohol is absorbed
directly into the bloodstream. The health hazards related to alcohol range
from hangovers and alcohol poisoning to increasing one’s risk for a variety of
ailments and diseases including:
• Weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections.
• Cause cardiovascular conditions ranging from abnormal heart rate
to heart attacks.
• Make the liver work harder, possibly causing significant damage or
liver failure.
THE BRAIN – SAY SO LONG TO SELF-CONTROL
Consuming alcohol changes the way a person’s brain works. It depresses
one’s central nervous system, lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment. Likewise,
drinking alcohol leads to a loss of coordination, slowed reflexes, distorted vision
and even blackouts.
INJURY PRONE
Drinking too much alcohol increases your chance of being injured or even killed.
For example, alcohol is a factor in about 60% of fatal burn injuries, drownings
and homicides; 50% of severe trauma injuries and sexual assaults; and 40% of
fatal motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and fatal falls.
When people drink too much
alcohol, they run the risk of hurting
themselves and potentially others,
especially if they drink and drive.
FREE CONSULTATION
Are you concerned about the drinking or drug use of someone you care
about? Gateway’s confidential consultation is a free, no-obligation way to
help determine the extent of someone’s alcohol or drug use. We will answer
your questions, discuss treatment options and recommend next steps to get
someone help. Call 877-505-HOPE (4673) to learn more.
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Misconceptions About
Drinking Alcohol
Many people mistakenly have an “all or nothing” perception
about alcoholism, assuming there are only two options:
•He or she can handle alcohol and doesn’t have a
drinking problem.
•He or she is a “total alcoholic” whose life is falling apart.
The reality is not a case of simple black or white but more of
a spectrum with shades of gray. That’s because an “alcohol
use disorder” - alcohol abuse or alcoholism - can range from
mild to moderate to severe. What this means is people who
have an alcohol use disorder can be highly functioning, highly
compromised or somewhere in between.
Alcohol addiction is rarely a case of “all or nothing”.
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The Facts On
Smoking Marijuana
The psychoactive chemicals in
marijuana smoke affect a person
in many ways. The chemicals
in the smoke not only disrupt
coordination and balance, but
impair a person’s ability to form
new memories and negatively
impact learning.
Also referred to as pot, weed, herb, Mary Jane, bud, grass and reefer, Marijuana is:
• A greenish-brown mixture of dried, shredded leaves of the hemp
plant called Cannabis sativa. Marijuana’s active ingredient is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
• The most commonly used illicit drug in America with 17.4 million
past-month users and used by 76.8% of current illicit drug users,
according to NSDUH.
• 275% more potent than it was just 10 years ago due to new growing
and harvesting techniques.
• Harmful to a young person’s brain, which is still developing. It is
connected to changes in adolescent brain development that may
result in learning issues, memory problems and IQ loss.
When someone smokes marijuana, the THC goes into their lungs, heart,
bloodstream and brain within a few minutes. It can disrupt their coordination and
balance. And it can inhibit the ability to perform tasks, such as participating in
athletics or driving a car. Long-term marijuana users who try to stop using report
symptoms, such as: irritability, anxiety, sleeplessness, decreased appetite and drug
craving; all of which make it difficult to quit without professional help.
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HEALTH HAZARDS
Marijuana is approved for medical use
in many states including Illinois, and its
recreational use has been legalized in
Colorado and Washington. Although
attitudes seem to be changing about the
legal status of marijuana, the fact remains
its use is associated with health and
developmental risks for both adults and
teens:
• Marijuana use may cause
bronchitis and lung complications.
Did You Know?
Smoke from marijuana contains
50-70% more
carcinogens than
tobacco smoke.*
* National Council on Alcoholism and
Drug Dependence, Inc.
https://ncadd.org/learn-about-drugs/marijuana 11/2014
• There is a possibility that street
marijuana is laced with other
dangerous substances, such as:
cocaine, crack, PCP or even embalming fluid.
• If prone to mental health issues, marijuana use increases
the risk of psychosis.
MARIJUANA IS ADDICTIVE
Smoking marijuana leads to changes in the brain similar to those caused by use
of cocaine, heroin and alcohol. Does a person...
• Need an increased amount of marijuana to achieve the
desired effect?
• Continue to use marijuana to avoid physical and psychological
withdrawal symptoms?
• Continue use despite knowledge of having a persistent physical
or psychological problem?
If so, the individual may be addicted to marijuana.
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The Facts
On Heroin
Over the past few years, cities
and small towns in Illinois and
the St. Louis area have been
blindsided by a heroin overdose
epidemic. Unfortunately, the issue
of heroin has not settled down
and it continues to wreak havoc
in our communities, perhaps
where you live and work.
WHAT IS HEROIN?
• Also known as: smack, horse, mud, brown sugar, junk, black tar, big H,
dope, skag.
• Processed from morphine and usually appears as a white or brown
powder. Larger blocks of heroin may also appear as a black sticky
substance called black tar heroin.
• The most abused and rapidly acting of the opiates. It has been
classified by the federal government as a Schedule I substance with
no legal use. Users generally consume heroin by snorting, smoking or
needle injection.
SIGNS OF HEROIN ABUSE
• Shallow breathing and shortness of breath
• Clouded mental functioning
• Uncontrollable feelings of itchiness
• Constricted pupils
• Substantial increase in time spent sleeping.
• Increase in slurred or incoherent speech.
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HEROIN ADDICTION: HOW DOES IT START?
Individuals who abuse heroin over time
develop a tolerance for the drug, meaning
that they must use increasingly larger doses
to achieve the same intensity or effect. Heroin
ceases to produce feelings of pleasure in users
who develop tolerance; instead, heroin users
must continue taking the drug simply to feel
normal.
Heroin slows down the way a person thinks,
their reaction time as well as memory -- which
affects their behavior and decision-making.
Highly
Addictive
1 out of 4
people (23%) who use
About
heroin become physically
dependent on it.*
*National Institute on Drug Abuse
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/
drugfacts/heroin, 10/2014
ALL HEROIN USERS RISK BECOMING ADDICTED
Because heroin enters the brain so rapidly, it is highly addictive, both
psychologically and physically. Individuals with a heroin addiction who stop
using the drug may experience withdrawal symptoms, which include heroin
cravings and extreme flu-like symptoms, including restlessness, muscle and
bone pain and vomiting.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HEROIN ABUSE
As dependency worsens, people lose the
ability to handle stress or make decisions without
the “support” from a heroin high. Job loss,
financial ruin, relationship problems and arrest
for crimes committed to feed the addiction
are not uncommon.
Heroin cravings can also persist years after
someone stops using the drug. Stress, specific
people, places and things associated with
heroin use can trigger a relapse.
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WHERE TO TURN FOR SUBSTANCE
ABUSE HELP
Understanding what treatment and support options are available to
someone with a substance abuse issue is a key step in helping your loved
one get life back on track.
PROFESSIONAL TREATMENT
In order to sort through complicated terminology and acronyms, you should know
there are generally three categories of substance abuse treatment programs:
outpatient treatment, residential or inpatient treatment and day treatment.
INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT
Outpatient treatment is for people that have a strong support system, a stable
living situation and the internal motivation to change. Individuals attend multiple
counseling sessions, before or after work/school, per week for about 4-6 weeks.
RESIDENTIAL
Residential or inpatient programs provide on-site living arrangements and offer
round-the-clock support. The length of time a person spends in a Residential
Program is based on one’s individual needs.
DAY TREATMENT
Similar to a residential program; provides a full day of treatment while allowing a
person to return home at night.
AFTERCARE
After completing
treatment a person
should remain involved
in aftercare, which is
counseling and group
therapy that is less
frequent than
outpatient care.
Aftercare
should also
include
alumni
support.
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There also are several key elements you should be familiar with, which are part of
effective professional treatment programs:
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES
Behavioral therapy and medications that are clinically proven to work.
INTEGRATED TREATMENT
Because no single treatment is right for everyone, the best treatment addresses a
person’s medical, physical and mental health needs, not only drug abuse.
RELAPSE-PREVENTION PLANNING
Counseling to help a person identify and anticipate high-risk situations, and
learn coping skills for how to manage cravings and urges.
SPECIALIZED TREATMENT FOR TEENS
The stress of addiction for teens is often
compounded by the pressures of school
and peers. Adolescents need specialized
programs to focus on their physical,
mental, emotional and spiritual needs.
FAMILY PROGRAMS
Substance
abuse
counseling
and
education for family members, as well as
access to experts who can appropriately
answer questions and concerns.
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Learn
more
the
Support Groups an
individual can attend during
and after treatment to help
maintain their sobriety.
877-505-HOPE (4673)
about
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SUPPORT GROUPS
Once treatment is completed, a person requires a solid commitment and a strong
recovery support network. We all know that staying
motivated and positive is much easier when you
have other people you can turn to in tough
times. Support groups provide an environment
for letting people share tips and exchange
strategies on how to keep their life on track and
maintain a fulfilling life in recovery.
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• Cocaine Anonymous (CA)
• Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
• Al- Anon – for friends and families
of problem drinkers
• Teen Anon
FREE NO OBLIGATION CONSULTATION
Are you concerned about the drinking or drug
use of someone you care about? Gateway’s
confidential consultation is a free, no obligation
way to help determine the extent of someone’s
alcohol or drug use.
We will answer your questions, discuss treatment
options and recommend next steps to get
someone help. Call 877-505-HOPE (4673).
20
Gateway Alcohol & Drug Treatment Centers
QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN
SEEKING TREATMENT
To find the best possible treatment for substance abuse, The National Institute on
Drug Abuse recommends asking potential providers specific questions to determine
expertise and services, including:
• What kind of specialized programs does the treatment center offer?
• Does the center use therapies backed by scientific evidence?
• How long has the treatment provider been in business?
• Does the treatment center have the ability to tailor treatment
needs of each patient?
to the
• Does the treatment center have the in-house expertise to address
both mental health and substance abuse concerns?
• Is the treatment center licensed by the state and certified by
The Joint Commission?
Find more online at RecoverGateway.org/Questions.
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Resources for
Parents
IPASS Account - Review where you child is driving
by monitoring activity on toll-way responders.
Text Message Drug Slang Translator - Understand if
your child’s text messages relate to drug use.
Drug Slang Dictionary - Understand if your child is
referring to drugs or drug use in their conversations
with friends.
Pill Identifier - Identify what type of pills your child
might have in their possession.
Find these resources at RecoverGateway.org/Parents
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Helpful Resources Are Only a Click,
Tap or Swipe Away
Go online for more details about Gateway Alcohol & Drug Treatment Centers:
• Learn about programs tailored for men, women and teens
• Take a virtual tour of a Gateway Treatment Center
• Find helpful information about insurance coverage
• Learn more about our free, confidential consultation
Visit us online today at
RecoverGateway.org
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Aurora
400 Mercy Lane
Aurora, IL 60506
630-966-7400
Carbondale
1080 E. Park St.
Carbondale, IL 62901
618-529-1151
Lake Villa
Aurora
Caseyville
600 W. Lincoln
Caseyville, IL 62232
618-345-3970
1706 N. Kedzie Ave.
Chicago, IL 60647
773-227-2158
Chicago West
Lake Villa
Pekin
25480 W. Cedarcrest Lane
Lake Villa, IL 60046
847-356-8205
West
Chicago Kedzie
Chicago River North
444 N. Orleans, Ste. 400
Chicago, IL 60654
312-464-9451
CHICAGO
Kedize
River North
3828 W. Taylor St.
Chicago, IL 60624
773-826-1916
11 South Capital
Pekin, IL 61554
309-346-7800
Pekin
Springfield
ST. LOUIS METRO
Caseyville
Swansea
Carbondale
Springfield
2200 Lake Victoria Dr.
Springfield, IL 62703
217-529-9266
Swansea
1 Bronze Pointe
Swansea, IL 62226
618-234-9002
FREE AND CONFIDENTIAL CONSULTATION
Are you concerned about the drinking or drug use of an adolescent or adult
you care about? Gateway’s confidential consultation is a free, no obligation way
to help determine the extent of someone’s alcohol or drug use. We will answer
your questions, discuss treatment options and recommend next steps to get
someone help.
24-Hour Helpline
877-505-HOPE (4673)
RecoverGateway.org
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