1920s
1
1920s
From left, clockwise: Third Tipperary Brigade Flying Column No. 2 under Sean Hogan
during the Irish Civil War; Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol in accordance
to the 18th amendment, which made alcoholic beverages illegal throughout the entire
decade; In 1927, Charles Lindbergh embarks on the first nonstop flight from New York to
Paris, France on the Spirit of St. Louis; A crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929
stock market crash, which led to the Great Depression; Benito Mussolini and Fascist
Blackshirts during the March on Rome in 1922; the People's Liberation Army attacking
government defensive positions in Shandong, during the Chinese Civil War; The
Women's suffrage campaign leads to the ratification of the 19th amendment in the United
States and numerous countries granting women the right to vote and be elected; Babe
Ruth becomes the most iconic baseball player of the time.
Millennium:
Centuries:
Decades:
2nd millennium
19th century – 20th century – 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s – 1920s – 1930s 1940s 1950s
Years: 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
Categories:
Births – Deaths – Architecture
Establishments – Disestablishments
The 1920s was a decade that began on January 1, 1920 and ended on December 31, 1929. It is sometimes referred to
as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age, when speaking about the United States and Canada. In Europe the decade
is sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age Twenties"[1] because of the economic boom following World War I.
Since the end of the 20th century, the economic strength during the 1920s has drawn close comparison with the
1950s and 1990s, especially in the United States of America. These three decades are regarded as periods of
economic prosperity, which lasted throughout nearly each entire decade. Each of the three decades followed a
1920s
tremendous event that occurred in the previous decade (World War I and Spanish flu in the 1910s, World War II in
the 1940s, and the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s). The 1920s marked the first time in the United States that
the population in the cities surpassed the population of rural areas. This was due to rapid urbanization starting in the
1920s.
However, not all countries enjoyed this prosperity. The Weimar Republic, like many other European countries, had
to face a severe economic downturn in the opening years of the decade, because of the enormous debt caused by the
war as well as the Treaty of Versailles. Such a crisis would culminate with a devaluation of the Mark in 1923,
eventually leading to severe economic problems and, in the long term, favour the rise of the Nazi Party.
The 1920s were characterized by the rise of radical political movements, especially in regions that were once part of
empires. Communism began attracting larger amounts of support following the success of the October Revolution
and the Bolsheviks' determination to win the subsequent Russian Civil War. To move the backward economy of
Russia towards a more developed economy in which socialism would become possible, the Bolsheviks adopted a
policy of mixed economics, from 1921 to 1928, and also created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the end
of 1922. The 1920s also experienced the rise of the far right and fascism in Europe and elsewhere, being perceived as
a solution to prevent the spread of Communism. The knotty economic problems also favoured the rise of dictators in
Eastern Europe and the Balkans, such as Józef Piłsudski in the Second Polish Republic and Peter and Alexander
Karađorđević in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The devastating Wall Street Crash in October 1929 drew a line under
the prosperous 1920s.
In the 1920s foreign oil companies operated throughout South America. Venezuela, for instance, became the second
world oil producer.
Social history
The Roaring Twenties is a term characterizing new highly visible social and cultural trends. They were most visible
in major cities, especially New York, Chicago, Paris, Berlin and London, and took place in an age of sustained
economic prosperity. French speakers called it the "années folles" ("Crazy Years"), emphasizing the era's social,
artistic, and cultural dynamism. "Normalcy" returned to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional patriotism during
World War I, jazz blossomed, and Art Deco peaked. Towards the end of 1921, standard fashion was skirts or dresses
that reached knee length, and bobbed hair with a marcel wave. Women involved in these actions were known as
flappers. The flapper redefined modern womanhood. Economically, the era saw the large-scale diffusion and use of
automobiles, telephones, motion pictures and electricity, unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer
demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media focused on celebrities, especially
sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home teams and filled the new palatial cinemas and gigantic
stadiums. In most major countries women were given the right to vote for the first time.
War, peace and politics
Wars
• Turkish War of Independence
• Greco–Turkish War (May 1919 – October 1922)
• Turkish–Armenian War (September 24 to December 2, 1920)
• Franco-Turkish War (May 1920 – October 1921)
• Polish-Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1922)
2
1920s
3
Internal conflicts
• Irish Civil War (June 28, 1922 – May 24, 1923)
• Castellammarese War (1929 – September 10, 1931)
Major political changes
• The rise of Communism following World War I.
Decolonization and independence
• Irish Free State gains independence from the United Kingdom in 1922.
• Egypt officially becomes an independent country through the Declaration of 1922, though it still remains under
the military and political influence of the British Empire.
International issues
See also Social issues of the 1920s
• Rise of radical political movements such as communism and fascism, amid the economic and political turmoil
after World War I and after the stock market crash
• Kellogg–Briand Pact to end war
• Women's suffrage movement continues to make gains as women obtain full voting rights in New Zealand (1893),
the Grand Duchy of Finland (1906), Denmark (1915), the United Kingdom in 1918 (women over 30) and in 1928
(full enfranchisement), and in the United States in 1920; women begin to enter the workplace in larger numbers.
United States
• Prohibition of alcohol occurs in the United States.
Prohibition in the United States began January 16,
1919, with the ratification of the Eighteenth
Amendment to the U.S.Constitution, effective as of
January 17, 1920, and it continued throughout the
1920s. Prohibition was finally repealed in 1933.
Organized crime turns to smuggling and bootlegging
of liquor, led by figures such as Al Capone, boss of
the Chicago Outfit.
• The Immigration Act of 1924 places restrictions on
immigration. National quotas curbed most Eastern
and Southern European nationalities, further
enforced the ban on immigration of East Asians,
Indians and Africans, and put mild regulations on
nationalities from the Western Hemisphere (Latin Americans).
Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol.
• The major sport was baseball and the most famous player was Babe Ruth.
• The Lost Generation (which characterized disillusionment), was the name Gertrude Stein gave to American
writers, poets, and artists living in Europe during the 1920s. Famous members of the Lost Generation include
Cole Porter, Gerald Murphy, Patrick Henry Bruce, Waldo Peirce, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zelda
Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, John Dos Passos, and Sherwood Anderson.
• A peak in the early 1920s in the membership of the Ku Klux Klan of 4 to 5 million members (after its
reemergence in 1915), followed by a rapid decline down to an estimated 30,000 members by 1930.[2]
1920s
• The Scopes Trial (1925), which declared that John T. Scopes had violated the law by teaching evolution in
schools, creating tension between the competing theories of creationism and evolutionism.
Europe
• Polish-Soviet war (1920–21).
• Major armed conflict in Ireland including Irish War
of Independence (1919–1921) resulting in Ireland
becoming an independent country in 1922 followed
by the Irish Civil War (1922–23).
• The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet
Union) is created in 1922.
• Benito Mussolini leader of the National Fascist
Party became Prime Minister of Italy, shortly
thereafter creating the world's first fascist
government. The Fascist regime establishes a
Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March on Rome
totalitarian state led by Mussolini as a dictator. The
in 1922.
Fascist regime restores good relations between the
Roman Catholic Church and Italy with the Lateran Treaty, which creates Vatican City. The Fascist regime
pursues an aggressive expansionist agenda in Europe such as by raiding the Greek island of Corfu in 1923,
pressuring Albania to submit to becoming a de facto Italian protectorate in the mid-1920s, and holding territorial
aims on the region of Dalmatia in Yugoslavia.
• In Germany, the Weimar Republic suffers from economic crisis in the early 1920s and hyperinflation of currency
in 1923. From 1923 to 1925 the Occupation of the Ruhr takes place. The Ruhr was an industrial region of
Germany taken over by the military forces of the French Third Republic and Belgium, in response to the failure of
the Weimar Republic under Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno to keep paying the World War I reparations. The recently
formed fringe National Socialist German Workers' Party (a.k.a. Nazi Party) led by Adolf Hitler attempts a coup
against the Bavarian and German governments in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, which fails, resulting in Hitler being
briefly imprisoned for one year in prison where he writes Mein Kampf.
• Turkish War of Independence (1919–23).
• The United Kingdom general strike (1926).
Asia
• The Qajar dynasty ended under Ahmad Shah Qajar and Reza Shah Pahlavi formed the Pahlavi Dynasty, which
later became the last monarchy of Iran.
• The Chinese Civil War begins (1927–37).
Africa
• Pan-Africanist supporters of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association and African
Communities League (UNIA-ACL) are repressed by colonial powers in Africa. Garvey's UNIA-ACL supported
the creation of a state led by black people in Africa including African Americans.[3]
4
1920s
5
Economics
• Economic boom ended by "Black Tuesday" (October 29, 1929); the
stock market crashes, leading to the Great Depression. The market
actually began to drop on Thursday October 24, 1929 and the fall
continued until the huge crash on Tuesday October 29, 1929.
• The New Economic Policy is created by the Bolsheviks in the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
• The Dawes Plan, which lasted from 1924 to 1928.
Crowd gathering after the Wall Street Crash of
1929
Dow Jones Industrial, 1928–1930
1920s
6
Technology
• John Logie Baird invents the first working mechanical television
system (1925). In 1928 he invents and demonstrates the first color
television.
• Warner Brothers produces the first movie with a soundtrack Don
Juan in 1926, followed by the first Part-Talkie The Jazz Singer in
1927, the first All-Talking movie Lights of New York in 1928 and
the first All-Color All-Talking movie On with the Show, 1929.
Silent films start giving way to sound films. By 1936, the transition
phase arguably ends, with Modern Times being the last notable
silent film.
• Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to fly solo across the
Atlantic Ocean (May 20–21, 1927), nonstop from New York to
Paris, France.
• Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the modern electronic cathode ray
tube in 1897. The CRT became a commercial product in 1922.
Robert Goddard and his rocket, 1926
• Record companies (such as Victor, Brunswick and Columbia) introduce an electrical recording process on their
phonograph records in 1925 (that had been developed by Western Electric), resulting in a more lifelike sound.
• Robert Goddard makes the first flight of a liquid-fueled rocket in 1926.
• The first electric razor was patented in 1928 by the American manufacturer Col. Jacob Schick.
• The first selective Jukeboxes being introduced in 1927 by the Automated Musical Instrument Company.
• Harold Stephen Black revolutionized the field of applied electronics by inventing the negative feedback amplifier
in 1927.
• Clarence Birdseye invented a process for frozen food in 1925.
Popular culture
Film
• Oscar winners: Wings (1927–1928), The Broadway Melody (1928–1929), All Quiet on the Western Front
(1929–1930)
• First feature-length motion picture with a soundtrack (Don Juan) is released in 1926. First part-talkie (The Jazz
Singer) released in 1927, first all-talking feature (Lights of New York) released in 1928 and first all-color
all-talking feature (On with the Show) released in 1929.
Music
• "The Jazz Age"—jazz and jazz-influenced dance music became widely popular throughout the decade.
• George Gershwin wrote Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris.
• Eddie Lang and Joe Venuti were the first musicians to incorporate the guitar and violin into jazz.
Radio
• First commercial radio stations in the U.S., 8MK (WWJ) in Detroit and (KDKA 1020 AM) in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, go on the air on August 27, 1920.
• Both stations broadcast the election results between Harding and Cox in early November. The first station to
receive a commercial license is WBZ, then in Springfield MA, in mid-September 1921. While there are only a
few radio stations in 1920–21, by 1922 the radio craze is sweeping the country.
1920s
7
• 1922: The BBC begins radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom
• On August 27, 1920, regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in Argentina for the first time, by the
group around Enrique Susini Telemachus, and failed to spark telegraphy.Wikipedia:Please clarify
Arts
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Beginning of surrealist movement.
Beginning of the Art Deco movement.
The Group of Seven (artists).
The Museum of Modern Art opens in Manhattan, November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.
Pablo Picasso paints Three Musicians in 1921.
René Magritte paints The Treachery of Images.
Marcel Duchamp completes The Bride Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass).
Literature
• F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes some of the most enduring novels
characterizing the Jazz Age. This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and
Damned, and The Great Gatsby, as well as three short story collections,
were all published in these years.
• Hermann Hesse publishes Siddhartha
• A. A. Milne publishes Winnie-the-Pooh
• Ernest Hemingway publishes The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms
• Thornton Wilder publishes The Bridge of San Luis Rey
• Alexey Tolstoy publishes Aelita
• Kahlil Gibran publishes The Prophet
• George Bernard Shaw publishes Back to Methuselah
• Eugene O'Neill awarded Pulitzer Prizes for Beyond the Horizon in 1920,
Anna Christie in 1922, and Strange Interlude in 1928.
• Sinclair Lewis publishes Main Street, Babbitt, Dodsworth, Arrowsmith,
and Elmer Gantry
First edition of Erich Maria Remarque's
book "All Quiet on the Western Front",
January 1929
• Wallace Stevens publishes his first book of poetry, Harmonium
• André Breton publishes the Surrealist Manifesto
• D.H. Lawrence publishes Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley's Lover
• Virginia Woolf publishes Jacob's Room, Mrs. Dalloway, To the
Lighthouse, A Room of One's Own and Orlando
• T. S. Eliot publishes The Waste Land
• James Joyce publishes Ulysses
• Franz Kafka publishes The Trial
• Erich Maria Remarque publishes All Quiet on the Western Front
• Hugh MacDiarmid publishes A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle
First edition of Adolf Hitler's book "Mein
Kampf", July 1925
• Aldous Huxley publishes his inaugural novel Crome Yellow
• Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa in 1928
• Robert Lee Frost publishes New Hampshire 1923 and West-Running Brook in 1928
1920s
8
Architecture
• Walter Gropius builds the Bauhaus in Dessau
• Le Corbusier published the book Toward an Architecture serving as
the manifesto for a generation of architects.
Sports highlights
1920
• January 24: Grand Prix de Paris switches its name to Prix de l'Arc
de Triomphe (horse race)
• February 13: Negro National League created (baseball)
Bauhaus College in Dessau
• August 17: Ray Chapman from the Cleveland Indians is killed by Carl Mays' pitch (baseball)
• August 20: National Football League founded
1921
• March 26: Schooner Bluenose launched
1923
• May 26: the 24 hours of Le Mans conducts their first sports car race
1924
• May 4: Summer Olympics hosted by France
• July 10–13: Paavo Nurmi wins five gold medals in Summer Olympics (Track and field)
• January 25: First Winter Olympic Games takes place in France.
1925
• May 28: French Open invites non-French tennis athletes for the first time
• Germany and Belgium in first handball international tournament.
1926
• August 6: Gertrude Ederle swims English Channel and is first woman to do so.
• September 23: Gene Tunney wins Jack Dempsey's world heavyweight boxing title.
1927
• June 3: First Ryder Cup golf tournaments are held in Massachusetts
1928
• July 28: Women’s Olympics takes place for first time, in 1928 Summer Olympics
• William Ralph "Dixie" Dean wins the Football League, scores 60 goals in 39 matches as Everton F.C. (English
Football)
1929
• Wally Hammond defeats Australia in The Ashes series (Test Cricket)
1920s
9
Miscellaneous trends
•
•
•
•
•
Youth culture of The Lost Generation; flappers, the Charleston, and the bob cut haircut.
Fads such as marathon dancing, mah-jong, crossword puzzles and pole-sitting are popular.
The height of the clip joint.
The Harlem Renaissance centered in a thriving African American community of Harlem, New York City.
Since the 1920s scholars have methodically dug into the layers of history that lie buried at thousands of sites
across China.
• The tomb of Tutankhamun is discovered intact by Howard Carter (1922). This begins a second revival of
Egyptomania.
People
World leaders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prime Minister James Scullin
(Australia)
Prime Minister Stanley Bruce
(Australia)
Prime Minister William Hughes
(Australia)
Prime Minister Mackenzie King
(Canada)
Prime Minister Arthur Meighen
(Canada)
President Sun Yat-sen (Republic of
China)
President Chiang Kai-shek (Republic
of China)
President Thomas Garrigue Masaryk
(Czechoslovakia)
President Alexandre Millerand
(France)
President Gaston Doumergue
(France)
President Friedrich Ebert (Germany)
President Paul von Hindenburg
(Germany)
Regent Miklós Horthy (Hungary)
Ahmad Shah Qajar of the Qajar
Dynasty (Persia)
Reza Shah Pahlavi of the Pahlavi
Dynasty (Persia)
President Éamon de Valera (Ireland)
President W. T. Cosgrave (Irish Free
State)
King Victor Emmanuel III (Italy)
Prime Minister Benito Mussolini
(Italy)
Emperor Hirohito (Japan)
President Álvaro Obregón (Mexico)
President Plutarco Elías Calles
(Mexico)
•
•
President Emilio Portes Gil (Mexico)
Józef Piłsudski (Poland)
Benito Mussolini during his first years in
power]]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vladimir Lenin, 1921
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
King Alfonso XIII (Spain)
Premier Vladimir Lenin (Russia) later (Soviet
Union)
Premier Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkey)
King George V (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister David Lloyd George (United
Kingdom)
Prime Minister Andrew Bonar Law (United
Kingdom)
[[File:Benito Mussolini Face.jpg|thumb|150px
•
•
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (United
Kingdom)
Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald
(United Kingdom)
President Woodrow Wilson (United States)
President Warren G. Harding (United
States)
President Calvin Coolidge (United States)
President Herbert Hoover (United States)
King of Ras Tafari (Ethiopia)
Prime Minister James Barry Munnik
Hertzog (Union of South Africa)
President Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa
(Brazil)
President Hipólito Yrigoyen (Argentina)
Pope Pius XI (Vatican)
1920s
10
Politics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hendrik G. Cannegieter, Chief of the Secretariat World Meteorological Organization
Oskar Dressler, Secretary International Criminal Police Organization
Sir James Eric Drummond, Secretary-general League of Nations
Christian Louis Lange, Secretary-general Inter-Parliamentary Union
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen, League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Pierre Nolf, Chairman of the Standing Commission International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
Ludwik J. Rajchman, Medical Director of the Health Section International Health Organization
Johann Schober, President International Criminal Police Organization
Albert Thomas, Director International Labour Organization
Harry Thuku helped to found the Young Kikuyu Association in Kenya
Zaccheus Richard Mahabane and Josiah Tshangana Gumede President of the African National Congress
Marcus Garvey
Science
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Albert Einstein
Sigmund Freud
Alexander Fleming
Frederick Banting
Niels Bohr
Werner Heisenberg
Howard Carter
Georges Lemaître
Edwin Powell Hubble
Garrett Morgan
Literature
Albert Einstein, 1921
• Erich Kastner
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bertolt Brecht
Thomas Mann
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Zelda Fitzgerald
T. S. Eliot
William Butler Yeats
Zora Neale Hurston
Langston Hughes
Sinclair Lewis
Carl Sandburg
William Faulkner
Countee Cullen
Claude McKay
James Weldon Johnson
Alain Locke
William Faulkner
1920s
11
Entertainers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Charlie Chaplin
Buster Keaton
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle
Mary Astor
Josephine Baker
Ethel Barrymore
John Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore
Clara Bow
Louise Brooks
Anna May Wong
Lon Chaney
Joan Crawford
Bebe Daniels
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Marion Davies
Douglas Fairbanks
Greta Garbo
Janet Gaynor
John Gilbert
Dorothy Gish
Lillian Gish
William Haines
William S. Hart
Harry Houdini
Emil Jannings
Al Jolson
Harold Lloyd
Anna May Wong
Charlie Chaplin during the 1920s
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tom Mix
Colleen Moore
Mae Murray
Pola Negri
Ramón Novarro
Will Rogers
Mary Pickford
Norma Shearer
Gloria Swanson
Chief Tahachee
Norma Talmadge
Rudolph Valentino
1920s
12
Musicians
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
George Gershwin
Al Jolson
Louis Armstrong
Richard Tauber
Irving Berlin
Eddie Cantor
Duke Ellington
Kelly Harrell
Jelly Roll Morton
Cole Porter
Rudy Vallée
Irving Berlin (left) and Al Jolson, c. 1927
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Paul Whiteman
Fats Waller
Fletcher Henderson
Eddie Lang
Joe Venuti
Bix Beiderbecke
Art Tatum
Béla Bartók
Lonnie Johnson
Joe "King" Oliver
Bessie Smith
Count Basie
1920s
13
Film makers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Harry Beaumont
Busby Berkeley
Frank Borzage
Charles Chaplin
Alan Crosland
Cecil B. DeMille
William C. DeMille
Sergei Eisenstein
Victor Fleming
John Ford
D. W. Griffith at a rolltop desk, c. 1925
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
D. W. Griffith
Alfred Hitchcock
Rex Ingram
Buster Keaton
Fritz Lang
Ernst Lubitsch
Lewis Milestone
Erich von Stroheim
King Vidor
Robert Wiene
Artists
•
Hans Arp
•
Max Ernst
•
Henri Matisse
•
Max Beckmann
•
Alberto Giacometti
•
Joan Miró
•
Georges Braque
•
Julio Gonzalez
•
Piet Mondrian
•
André Breton
•
Juan Gris
•
Henry Moore
•
Patrick Henry Bruce •
George Grosz
•
Max Morise
•
Alexander Calder
•
Marsden Hartley
•
Georgia O'Keeffe
•
Carlo Carrà
•
Wassily Kandinsky
•
Francis Picabia
•
Marc Chagall
•
Paul Klee
•
Pablo Picasso
•
Giorgio de Chirico
•
Gaston Lachaise
•
Man Ray
•
Salvador Dalí
•
Fernand Léger
•
Morgan Russell
•
Stuart Davis
•
Tamara de Lempicka •
Kurt Schwitters
•
Charles Demuth
•
René Magritte
•
Charles Sheeler
•
Otto Dix
•
Georges Malkine
•
Chaim Soutine
•
Theo van Doesburg
•
John Marin
•
Yves Tanguy
•
Arthur Dove
•
André Masson
•
Stanton Macdonald-Wright
•
Marcel Duchamp
1920s
14
Architects
•
•
•
•
•
Marcel Breuer
Le Corbusier
Walter Gropius
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Frank Lloyd Wright
Sports figures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grover Cleveland Alexander (American baseball player)
Warwick Armstrong (Australian cricket captain)
Ty Cobb, (American baseball player)
Eddie Collins, (American baseball player)
Gordon Coventry (Australian rules football player)
Jack Dempsey (American boxer)
Gertrude Ederle (swimming)
Lou Gehrig (American baseball player)
Red Grange (American football player)
Alex Grove (American bowler)
Walter Hagen (American golfer)
Jack Hobbs (Surrey & England cricketer)
Rogers Hornsby (American baseball player)
Alex James (Arsenal & Scotland footballer)
Walter Johnson (American baseball player)
Bobby Jones (American golfer)
Kenesaw Mountain Landis (American Baseball Commissioner)
Suzanne Lenglen (French tennis player )
Babe Ruth in 1920
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Helen Wills Moody (American tennis player)
Paavo Nurmi (Finnish runner)
Wilfred Rhodes (Yorkshire & England cricketer)
Knute Rockne (American football player and coach)
Fanny "Bobbie" Rosenfeld (Canadian athlete)
Babe Ruth (American baseball player)
Earl Sande (jockey)
Tris Speaker, (American baseball player)
Herbert Sutcliffe (Yorkshire & England cricketer)
Bill Tilden (American tennis player)
Francisco Guilledo (Filipino boxer)
Gene Tunney (American boxer)
Johnny Weismuller (swimming)
References
[1] Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade (http:/ / www. lawlessdecade. net/ ) Retrieved 2009-09-03
[2] and
[3] African History Timeline (http:/ / courses. wcupa. edu/ jones/ his311/ timeline/ t-1920s. htm)
Bibliography
• Robert Sobel The Great Bull Market: Wall Street in the 1920s. (1968)
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors
1920s Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=601673961 Contributors: 1122334455, 12345 wiki, 1wikiking1, 209.144.103.xxx, 28bytes, 5 albert square, 663highland, AJR,
AWoodland, Abeg92, Achaemenes, Adam1711, Adashiel, Addihockey10, Against the current, Agreene175, Ahoerstemeier, Airforce2, Ajh16, Akanemoto, Alansohn, Ale jrb, Aleksa Lukic,
Alex.muller, AlexR, All Is One, AllTalking, Allens, AmanitaMuscaria, Amcaja, Anaxial, Ancheta Wis, Andonic, Andre Engels, Andrew Gwilliam, Andrewman327, Andreworkney, Andyjsmith,
Angela, Anger22, Anjelberry, AnnaJGrant, Anomalocaris, Antandrus, Art LaPella, Artaxiad, Arthena, Arthur Rubin, Avicennasis, AxelBoldt, Aymatth2, Aytakin, BD2412, BRUTE, Babz iz
lovely, Bastique, Batmen, Belfunk, Belinrahs, Bevzuch, Bgwhite, Bhadani, Big Brother 1984, Bigwakefan, Bihco, Biruitorul, Bite the Wax Tadpole, Bkonrad, Black Kite, BlackJack, Blood
sliver, Bobo192, Bobrayner, Boing! said Zebedee, BomBom, Bongwarrior, Bradyevans, BridgeBurner, BrownHairedGirl, Brownstahh14, Bugs5382, Bullzeye, Burntsauce, Buz lightning,
CGameProgrammer, CIreland, CWii, CZmarlin, Calabe1992, Calvin 1998, CambridgeBayWeather, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Canationalist, Canterbury Tail, Capitocapito, Card, Carinemily,
Carmichael, Cat's Tuxedo, CatJar, Cattus, Celithemis, Chaser, Ched, Chemica, Cheshil, Chetmancini, Chris the speller, ChrisGriswold, Chrislk02, Chubdub, Chun-hian, Chunlin66, Church,
CieloEstrellado, Ciphergoth, Colonies Chris, ContagiousTruth, Conversion script, Coolrick92, Courcelles, Creation7689, Crystaltinkerbell, D, DUBJAY04, DVD R W, DWC LR, Damianmu,
Daniel J. Leivick, Daniel4sw, DanielCD, Darkildor, Davewild, David Biddulph, David Justin, David Schaich, Dcoetzee, DeadEyeArrow, Deb, Decltype, Deeceevoice, Dekisugi, Delldot,
Dentalplanlisa, Deor, DerHexer, Derek Ross, Derwig, DevorahLeah, Devouring-One, Dibsey415, Dimadick, Dina, Discospinster, Djordjes, Donner60, Dorvaq, DougsTech, Doworks000, Dpr,
Dysepsion, E0steven, EAi, ERcheck, Earl Andrew, Edgar181, EditorOfRandomness, Edsanville, Efghij, Egoody3, Ehjort, Enigmaman, Enviroboy, Epbr123, Erynne Lasgalen, Euyyn, Excirial,
ExplicitImplicity, Extra-introvert, FF2010, Fabioisdaman, Faizan, Falphin, Familyguyfan1990, Faradayplank, Fashionista 8, Favonian, Ferengi, Ferkelparade, Fieldday-sunday, Fisherjs,
Flcelloguy, Fluffernutter, Flyguy649, Forscyvus, Fountains of Bryn Mawr, Fox Wilson, Fraggle81, Fram, FreplySpang, Frietjes, Fritzpoll, Frost Merlin, Fryar9, G-Man, Gaius Cornelius,
Gemsling, Gene.arboit, George The Dragon, Ggarcia1207, Ghosts&empties, Gilliam, Girolamo Savonarola, Glacialfox, Glane23, Godlord2, Gogo Dodo, Gorrrillla5, Gosox1234, Grafen,
Graham87, Grim23, Gurch, GusF, Gwen-chan, Gwernol, Hagerman, Hajatvrc, HalfShadow, HamburgerRadio, Hamtechperson, Hannah dh, Harland1, Haunti, Hengist Pod, Henry W. Schmitt,
Hertz1888, Hiersgarr, Hmains, Hon-3s-T, Howcheng, I922sParkCir, Iamvered, Ikiroid, IncognitoErgoSum, Infrogmation, Inks.LWC, Inter16, Irishguy, IronGargoyle, J.delanoy, JCH, JDP90,
JForget, JLaTondre, JNW, JPshiznit, Jack Greenmaven, Jack Naven Rulez, Jafeluv, James.oxnam, Jamesbrownhaqq, Jamesmcmahon0, Jauerback, Jaxl, Jdorney, Jesus??, Jguard18, Jimmy
Whiteeagle, Jmundo, Jni, JoJaEpp, JoanneB, JoeJev, Jojhutton, Jonathan Stokes, Jonmwang, Joyradost, Jpoelma13, Jsan, Jtomlin1uk, Juliancolton, JurassicPark333, Jusdafax, Jusjih, K6ka,
KJS77, Kaisershatner, Kakofonous, Kamicase, Kanags, KarlaQat, Katalaveno, Kathovo, Kaysakado, Kazrak, Kbh3rd, Kdawg0121, Keegan, Keith D, Kelvin4659, Kennedy high school, Kidkross,
Kirachinmoku, Klemen Kocjancic, Knutux, Koavf, Kungming2, Kuru, L Kensington, Lacqui, Lakers, Lambmeat, Lamcfadden, Lancevortex, Lardmcface123, Lemnaminor, Levineps, Life,
Liberty, Property, Liftarn, LindsayH, Linnell, LizardJr8, Logan, Looxix, LordVincentCZ, Loren.wilton, LuK3, Ludde23, Lugia2453, Luk, Luna Santin, Lylefor, M.C. Brown Shoes, MIKEO6098,
MMS2013, MPS, MacRusgail, Maccoll7, Mackensen, Macy, Magnum1, Malo, Malomeat, Mandarax, Manolomarer, Marasmusine, Marek69, Marginoferror, Mark Arsten, MarkBolton,
MarkMarek, Martin451, Martin8721, Masalai, Master Jay, Mastermusician203, Mattbr, MaxSem, Maxamegalon2000, Maxis ftw, Mbj360, Mcflintnsteel, Mebul, Memming, Merovingian,
Mhking, Michaelwuzthere, Mikesmomishot, Mikesmomsohard, MilborneOne, Miss Madeline, Mmh, Modernist, Moncrief, Moondyne, Moreschi, Mr Chuckles, Mr Stephen, MrAmazing8270,
Mrwojo, Myanw, NERIC-Security, NHRHS2010, Nakon, Natalie Erin, NawlinWiki, Nemo5576, Nepenthes, Nescio, Neverquick, Nezzadar, Nick.mon, Ninetyone, Nlite, Nneonneo,
NoMatterTryAgain, Nsaa, Nuggetboy, Numbo3, Nuno Tavares, O.Koslowski, OMGsplosion, ObjectivismLover, Oda Mari, OliverHarris, OneDown, Oneiros, Open2universe, OregonD00d,
Ozozcan, PL290, PTSE, PamD, Parent5446, ParticleMan, Patar knight, PatrickJ83, Paul August, Paxse, Paxsimius, Persian Poet Gal, Peruvianllama, Peterkins, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Philip
Trueman, PhilipO, Phillycheesesteak26, Phoenix Hacker, Phoenix2, Pinethicket, Pinkadelica, Piotrus, Pontsticill, Praefectus Major, Pustelnik, Pyrospirit, Qwghlm, Qxz, R-41, RA0808, RB972,
RG2, RUL3R, Raboinic00, RadioKirk, Rainmay, RapidR, Ravedave, Ray2597, Rayis, Reaper Eternal, Red Director, Redvers, Res2216firestar, Retiono Virginian, Rettetast, RexNL,
Rhododendrites, Rickymickey, Rightisright4250, Rjensen, Rjwilmsi, Rodhullandemu, Rrburke, Rushbugled13, Rwood128, RyJo00090, SE7, SEJohnston, SKing2012, SPUI, Sahriar, Sam Korn,
SamX, Samineru, SamuelTheGhost, Sarfa, ScaldingHotSoup, Scarian, Scarlettail, SchfiftyThree, Schizobullet, School2190, Sciurinæ, ScudLee, Sean Whitton, Serienoir, Shadowjams, Shanes,
Shefield11, Shooting rubber, Shortysbkrby, Shsilver, SitaRaine, Skizzik, Skoglund, Sljaxon, Snigbrook, Snow Blizzard, Snowolf, Snyperty25, SoCalSuperEagle, SoLando, Soccerbrady, Some
jerk on the Internet, Somearemoreequal, Sonicyouth86, Soporaeternus, SouthernNights, Special Cases, Spitfire, Staskiworski, Stefanomione, Stephenb, Stepshep, Stern88, Stitchill, Stwalkerster,
Styles, SummerPhD, Sycolous, TBloemink, Tachyon01, Talon Artaine, Tan Man, Tanaats, Tapirs65, Tarquin, Tassedethe, Tetraedycal, Tewapack, The Firewall, The Rambling Man,
TheCuriousGnome, TheDarkArchon, TheMetaphorer, Theoneintraining, Thewhiteguy98, Thierry12, Thierry8, Thingg, This lousy T-shirt, Thunderboltz, ThyCantabrigde, Tide rolls, TigerShark,
Tim!, TimMagic, Time3000, Timestamps, Timir2, Timrollpickering, Titoxd, Tizio, Tony1, Topaz kitsune, Trevor MacInnis, Treyt021, Trusilver, Ttwaring, Tw06324, Tyqre, Ubiquity, Ugog
Nizdast, UltimatePyro, Ultratomio, Uncertain Path, Unixxx, Utcursch, VI, Vanished user osiuje03uj48hwefoijgns, Vicki Rosenzweig, Vigor32, Vipinhari, VirtualDelight, Vlma111, Walkerma,
Wallie, Walrusass, Warflango, Wavehunter, Wcp07, Wdfarmer, WelshMatt, West.andrew.g, Widr, Wiki alf, Wiki libs, WikiKong, Wikidum, Wikilover77, Wikipediasuxorz, Wikipelli,
Wizardman, Wmahan, Woogie10w, Woolfy123, WorldsPeak, Xenosphobos, Yann, Yaris678, Yelling Bird, Zahid Abdassabur, Zarius, Zoe, Zythe, ^demon, ‫ﺳﺎﺟﺪ ﺍﻣﺠﺪ ﺳﺎﺟﺪ‬, 2247 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:1920s decade montage.png Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1920s_decade_montage.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
Contributors: A derivative work by CatJar, from a variety of images credited above.
File:Prohibition.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Prohibition.jpg License: unknown Contributors: File:Mussd.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mussd.jpg License: anonymous-EU Contributors: User:R-41 (uploaded the file), original author of photograph unknown
File:Crowd outside nyse.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnRo0002, Echtner, FBitburg, Fnfd,
Gribeco, Gryffindor, Hystrix, Infrogmation, Ipoellet, J 1982, Romary, Skeezix1000, Soerfm, Spuk968, Yerpo, 7 anonymous edits
File:1929 wall street crash graph.svg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1929_wall_street_crash_graph.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: en:User:Lalala666
File:Goddard and Rocket.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Adrignola, AnRo0002, Bricktop,
Campani, Chick Bowen, Cirt, Conscious, Craigboy, Infrogmation, LobStoR, Magicpiano, Photohound, Sanfranman59, TheDJ, Wstrwald
File:Remarque Im Westen nichts Neues 1929.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Remarque_Im_Westen_nichts_Neues_1929.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Contributors: H.-P.Haack
File:Erstausgabe von Mein Kampf.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Erstausgabe_von_Mein_Kampf.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anton Huttenlocher
File:Bauhaus.JPG Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bauhaus.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Mewes in de-Wikipedia
File:Lenin 1921.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lenin_1921.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: A.Savin, Kl833x9, Michaelwuzthere, Shakko
File:Einstein1921 by F Schmutzer 4.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_4.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ferdinand
Schmutzer (1870-1928)
File:Charlie Chaplin.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Charlie_Chaplin.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: P.D Jankens
File:Berlin-Jolson27.JPG Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Berlin-Jolson27.JPG License: unknown Contributors: Unknown photographer, credited in source book as
"courtesy of ASCAP.". Original uploader was Wikiwatcher1 at en.wikipedia
File:D W Griffith.jpeg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:D_W_Griffith.jpeg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bohème, Jbarta, MarmadukePercy
File:Babe Ruth2.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Babe_Ruth2.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Irwin, La Broad, & Pudlin.
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
15