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Chapter 7 Section Review Packet
Section 7-1: The Revolution Begins
Match the following terms with the correct answer:
1. First Continental Congress_____
2. Minutemen_____
3. Thomas Gage_____
4. Lexington and Concord_____
5. “Shot Heard Round the World” _____
6. Redcoats_____
7. Second Continental Congress_____
8. Continental Army_____
9. George Washington_____
10. Olive Branch Petition_____
11. Siege_____
12. Fort Ticonderoga_____
13. Battle of Bunker Hill_____
a. Location of stored weapons and ammunition used by
colonial militia in New England
b. Army created by the Continental Congress to defend
the colonies against the British
c. British general tasked with taking away the weapons
and ammunition of the militia
d. Members of the militia that could be ready to fight at a
moment’s notice
e. Colonists’ nickname for British soldiers
f. Nickname given to the first shot of the American
Revolution
g. Chosen as commander of the Continental Army
h. Term that means to surround a city or fort
i. A petition sent to King George III reasserting the
colonies’ desire for peace, not war
j. British fort captured by Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allan
k. Meeting of delegates from various colonies that met in
September of 1774 to discuss the crisis with Britain
l. Second meeting of delegates to discuss how to proceed
and react to the fighting with Britain
m. First major battle of the American Revolution which
showed Americans could hold their own against the British
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
14. (a) What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress? (b) What was its end result?
(a) To decide how to respond to the unfair taxation policies and various violations of the colonists’ rights
(b) Result was to continue boycotting British goods and to agree to meet again in a year’s time; prepare
the colonial militias for potential action
15. Describe the events surrounding Lexington and Concord. (a) Why did the British march there? (b)
Who famously “rode out” to warn the colonists of the British approach? (c) How did the colonists
respond and why? (d) What was the end result of this skirmish/battle?
(a) British marched on Concord to seize the Massachusetts colonial militia’s weapons and ammunition
(b) Paul Revere and William Dawes are the two most famous “riders” that rode out to warn the colonists
of the British approach; also lit lanterns in Boston’s Old North Church (one lantern if the British were
coming by land, two lanterns if the British were coming by sea)
(c) Colonial militia comprised of “minutemen” quickly gathered their gear and assembled at Lexington,
where they met the approaching British troops; first shots of the Revolution fired here (“Shot heard
‘round the world”); retreated to Concord where they faced the British again
(d) Colonists managed to get to the supplies before the British, who retreated back to Boston, being
chased and fired upon by the militiamen
16. (a) What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress? (b) What decisions were made
there? (c) What was its end result?
(a) To consider further action against the British as their demands were not being met
(b) Decision was made to form the Continental Army with George Washington as its commanding
general
(c) Also decided to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III, hoping that the conflict could be
resolved peacefully
17. (a) What was the Olive Branch Petition? (b) Why was it named this? (c) Was it accepted or rejected
by King George III?
(a) Olive Branch Petition was a document detailing the colonists’ complaints and suggested that the
situation could be peacefully resolved
(b) Name comes from the olive branch, a symbol of peace dating back to ancient times
(c) The petition was rejected by King George III
18. (a) Why was the capture of Fort Ticonderoga important? (b) What important supplies did the British
have stored there and (c) how were they used later on?
(a) Capture of Fort Ticonderoga important because it was an important strategic fort that could allow
the Americans to invade Canada
(b) Americans were also able to capture weapons and supplies, especially cannons that could be used in
the siege of Boston by George Washington
(c) Cannons were placed above Boston on Dorchester Heights, and British were forced to abandon
Boston
19. What (a) advantages and (b) disadvantages did the colonists have at the Battle of Bunker Hill? (c)
Who won this battle? (d) Which side suffered more casualties? (e) Finally, what did this battle show
about the Americans’ ability to fight the British?
(a) Advantages: Americans held the high ground on top of two hills: Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill (high
ground easier to defend; Americans were passionate about fighting the British, had high morale
(b) Disadvantages: Lack of military experience and leadership, low on weapons, ammunition, and
supplies; outnumbered by the British
(c) British technically “won” because they Americans forced to retreat due to low ammunition and
supplies
(d) British suffered more casualties, but were able to win the battle because of superior manpower
(e) Even though the battle was a loss, it showed the Americans could fight the British and possibly win
Section 7-2: Declaring Independence
Match the following terms to the correct definition:
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Common Sense_____
Thomas Paine_____
Thomas Jefferson_____
Declaration of Independence_____
Unalienable rights_____
Patriots_____
Loyalists_____
Abigail Adams_____
a. Document that enumerated natural rights,
grievances against King George III, and declared
the United States to be an independent country
b. Primary author of the Declaration of
Independence
c. Rights that people are natural born with, that
cannot be taken away
d. Those people in the colonies who still gave
allegiance to Great Britain
e. Wife of Founding Father John Adams
f. Pamphlet that was intended to show why it
made sense for the United States to declare its
independence
g. Author of Common Sense
h. Colonists who believed in, and fought for,
American independence
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
28. (a) What were the main points of the pamphlet Common Sense? (b) What audience was it intended
for? (c) How was it written to accomplish this goal?
(a) Points in Common Sense included: British were in violation of the colonists’ basic rights, Americans
were culturally and politically different than the British, made little sense to be ruled by a King
thousands of miles away who had never set foot in America
(b) Intended to be read by the common American citizen; Common Sense convinced many Americans
that the Revolution was necessary
(c) Written in common language as opposed to “flowery” form of writing intended for upper class and
wealthy
29. (a) Name the members of the committee charged with writing the Declaration of Independence. (b)
What were the three main purposes of the Declaration? (c) When was the Declaration approved?
(a) Primary authors included Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams; Jefferson was to be
the primary author
(b) Three main points: 1) Human beings have basic, natural rights that, when violated, people have the
right to overthrow a tyrant and replace him with a government that will respect their rights and rule
justly, 2) Listed those rights that had been violated by King George III and Parliament, and 3) as a result
of these violations, the colonies had no choice but to declare their independence
(c) Declaration approved on July 2, announced on July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress
30. (a) What are unalienable rights (give examples with your explanation)? (b) What philosophical
movement inspired the idea of such rights?
(a) Unalienable rights are those rights that you are born with and cannot be taken away (“alienated”)
(b) Inspired by the thinkers of the Enlightenment period in Europe and America, who were influenced by
the Scientific Revolution and the thinkers of ancient Greece and Rome
31. What are some of the grievances (complaints) against King George III listed in the Declaration of
Independence?
(a) Taxation without representation; the suspension of trial by jury in various cases; various acts of
Parliament including the Intolerable Acts; the occupation of the colonies by British troops and forcing
the colonists to quarter them in their homes; violation of their trading rights
32. (a) What two primary groups of people were largely “ignored” by the Declaration of Independence?
(b) How did the Declaration cause people to question the institution of slavery?
(a) Two groups “ignored” by the Declaration of Independence were women and slaves
(b) “All men are created equal” was seen to mean free, white men; Authors of the Declaration wanted
to avoid the issue of slavery to avoid causing division within the colonies and the Continental Congress;
The Declaration’s emphasis on liberty, freedom, and rights did cause some to seriously question the
institution of slavery as incompatible with the values upon which the country was achieving its
independence
Section 7-3: Dark Hours for the Revolution
Match the following terms with the correct answer:
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Mercenaries_____
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation_____
Thayendanegea_____
Molly Pitcher_____
William Howe_____
a. Foreign soldiers hired to fight for the British
b. Native American chief that supported the
British during the Revolution
c. Announcement stating that any slave that
fought on behalf of the British would be freed
d. British general that defeated the Americans
in New York
e. Woman who took her wounded husband’s
place in battle, helping load cannons
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
38. Describe the (a) strengths and (b) weaknesses of the British Army in America. Then describe the (c)
strengths and (d) weaknesses of the Continental (American) Army.
(a) British strengths: more manpower, weapons, supplies; were a professional army with veteran
soldiers that had combat experience; superior leadership; British also had the world’s largest, most
powerful navy
(b) British weaknesses: fighting in hostile, unfamiliar territory with troops that had no reason to fight
other than being ordered to; used to standard, line infantry warfare, unlike the guerilla warfare many
would face in America; long supply lines across the Atlantic Ocean
(c) American strengths: fighting on home ground; fighting for their homes and country gave them an
advantage in morale; familiar with the territory and could use the geography/terrain to their advantage
(d) American weaknesses: poorly trained and equipped; no real military experience; lack of supplies such
as weapons, ammunition, and proper uniforms/clothing; lack of money; lack of leadership
39. (a) What was the American attitude towards African-Americans serving in the Continental Army?
(b) What approach did the British take towards African-Americans?
(a) Most Americans opposed having African-Americans serve in the army, especially those in the South
where they feared arming Africans or slaves because it might lead to slave rebellion/uprising; the idea of
Africans being soldiers contradicted the main reasons why slaves were slaves, i.e. they are incapable of
carrying out the duties of a soldier
(b) British would offer freedom to any African-American that served in the British army during the
Revolution; saw it as a way of hurting the American south economically
40. Describe the role of (a) native Americans and (b) women in the Revolutionary war.
(a) Native Americans were allies to both British and Americans during the war; British hoped to use
them in order to keep Americans occupied on frontier; Americans hoped to keep them neutral at the
very least; natives would be used as militia as well as scouts, spies, etc.
(b) Women at home ran households and businesses, tended to farms, plantations, etc.; Produced
important supplies for soldiers such as uniforms; Also served as nurses, spies, had duties on battlefield
such as runners. Mary Ludwig Hayes, aka Molly Pitcher, brought water to thirsty soldiers on battlefield;
some even pretended to be men in order to take part in combat
41. What were some major setbacks for the Americans in the early part of the war? Discuss the (a)
American invasion of Canada and (b) the events in Philadelphia and New York. (c) What was the overall
state of affairs during the early years of the Revolution?
(a) American invasion of Canada was a major disaster; Americans lacked cold weather clothing; many
Americans’ periods of enlistment were almost up so had to attack quickly; lacked cannons and artillery
to take a major fortified city such as Quebec
(b) British conquered New York City and Philadelphia, two of America’s largest cities
(c) Americans lost many early battles; number of men in Army fluctuated badly; high rates of desertion;
low morale; lack of supplies and proper leadership
Section 7-4: Patriots Gain New Hope
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Battle of Trenton_____
Battle of Princeton_____
John Burgoyne_____
Battle of Brandywine Creek_____
Battle of Saratoga_____
Bernardo de Galvez_____
Marquis de Lafayette_____
Tadeusz Kosiuszko_____
Valley Forge_____
Friedrich von Steuben_____
John Paul Jones_____
Bonhomme Richard_____
a. German army officer who taught American soldiers
basic military skills at Valley Forge
b. Battle which occurred early on the morning of
December 26, 1776 and resulted in an American victory
c. French aristocrat who served as an officer in the
Continental Army and aided the Americans with his own
money
d. Battle in New York which resulted in a major American
victory; showed that the British could be beaten
e. British general who surrendered at Saratoga
f. Polish military officer who brought engineering skills to
the Continental Army
g. Place where George Washington chose to rest his army
during the winter of 1777-1778
h. Ship famous for its victory over the British ship Serapis
in 1779
i. Governor of Spanish Louisiana who was a key ally to the
Patriots
j. British victory in September of 1777 in which the
Americans lost almost twice as many men as the British
k. Hard-fought battle which resulted in an American
victory in New Jersey
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
54. Describe the American victories at the Battles of (a) Trenton and (b) Princeton. What strategies did
Washington use to win these battles? (c) Who else, besides the British, were the Americans fighting in
this battle?
(a) Washington defeated Hessian troops at Trenton by launching a surprise attack on Christmas Night,
1776; crossed the Delaware River under cover of darkness and took Hessians by surprise.
(b) At Princeton, lit campfires to fool the British into thinking the Continental Army was camped for the
night; Then led the army under the cover of darkness around behind the British, catching them by
surprise
(c) Hessian, or German, mercenary soldiers
55. (a) Describe the Battle of Saratoga. (b) What was the outcome of this battle? (c) Why was it
important in terms of gaining allies and support for the American cause?
(a) British tried to have three armies converge on Americans in New York; due to poor communication
and unforeseen circumstances, British ended up being surrounded and lost their first major battle to
Americans
(b) Battle of Saratoga significant because it was the first major victory for the Americans in a large battle;
able to capture 7000 British soldiers, and numerous weapons, supplies, etc.
(c) After victory at Saratoga, secured French support for Revolution and French recognized American
independence; led to treaty in which France would support America with much needed military support,
including the involvement of the French navy; Spain also recognized American independence and would
assist America with military support
56. (a) How did Friedrich von Steuben help the Continental Army at Valley Forge? (b) What was his
legacy in the US military today?
(a) Von Steuben, a Prussian military officer, came to Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78 and
taught the American army how to drill properly, specifically how to fight together as a well-trained unit ;
Instilled discipline in the Americans, boosting their fighting ability and morale
(b) Considered the “father of military drill” in the American military
57. (a) What was the state of the American Navy at the beginning of the war? (b) What was the
American naval strategy? (c) Was this strategy effective, and if so, explain how?
(a) America had no navy at the beginning of the war; Mostly armed merchant ships and relied on vessels
donated by countries like France and Spain
(b) Naval strategy was to only fight British ships one-on-one but avoid large scale naval battles; also used
what few vessels the navy had to attack British merchant ships in the Atlantic to disrupt British trade
and supply routes
(c) Strategy was effective, mainly in boosting America’s morale
Section 7-5: Independence
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
George Rogers Clark_____
Horatio Gates_____
Guerilla Warfare_____
Francis Marion_____
Henry Clinton_____
Charles Cornwallis_____
Comte de Rochambeau_____
Battle of Yorktown_____
Treaty of Paris of 1783_____
a. Type of warfare characterized by ambushes
and hit-and-run tactics
b. Commander of British troops at Yorktown
c. Final major battle of the American
Revolution in which the British surrendered
d. American leader in the South; also known as
the Swamp Fox
e. General who commanded the British Army in
the South
f. French general who assisted George
Washington at the Battle of Yorktown
g. American commander who fought on the
frontier
h. American general who was defeated at the
Battle of Camden
i. Treaty that officially recognized America’s
independence from Britain
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
67. (a) Were the Americans successful in large battles against the British in the South? (b) What fighting
tactic was effective against the British, and (c) which American leader was an expert in this type of
warfare?
(a) Americans were unsuccessful fighting the British in the southern states; lost most of the major
battles there
(b) Guerilla style warfare was the most effective tactic against the British – hit and run tactics,
ambushes, assassinations, sabotage, etc.; attacking the British supply lines and trying to wear down the
British morale with guerilla warfare, a style of warfare the British were unfamiliar with
(c) South Carolina’s Francis Marion, aka “The Swamp Fox” was an expert in this type of warfare
68. (a) Describe how the Americans were able to decisively defeat the British at Yorktown.
(a) Americans were able to trap British General Charles Cornwallis on a peninsula near Yorktown,
Virginia and Chesapeake Bay; American and French troops outnumbered the British and cut off any
escape route by land; the French navy was able to cut off any escape by sea; With no other options,
Cornwallis was forced to surrender along with thousands of British soldiers; this defeat convinced the
British that America’s independence was inevitable, i.e. bound to happen eventually, and began
negotiations for peace
69. What were the main terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
(a) America recognized as a fully independent country
(b) American territory would extend from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and north to the Great Lakes
region and Canada
(c) Britain would remove all troops from the American frontier and agree to stop supporting native
Americans in the region