SIMULATION
FREQUENCYMIXING
MIXINGDETECTION
DETECTIONOF
OF
SIMULATIONAND
ANDOPTIMIZATION
OPTIMIZATION OF
OF A
A MAGNETIC
MAGNETIC FREQUENCY
MAGNETIC
INAAMICROFLUIDIC
MICROFLUIDICSTRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
MAGNETICNANOPARTICLES
NANOPARTICLESFOR
FOR IMMUNOQUANTIFICATION
IMMUNOQUANTIFICATION IN
11, H. Kokabi11, L. Chen2
3, H-.J. Krause
2
2
3
2
A.A.Rabehi
,
K.A.
Ngo
Rabehi , H. Kokabi , L. Chen , K.A. Ngo , H-.J. Krause
1.1.UPMC,L2E
F-75005,Paris,
Paris,France
France
UPMC,L2E(Laboratoire
(Laboratoired’Electronique
d’Electronique et Electromagnétisme),
Electromagnétisme), F-75005,
2.2.Peter
Jülich,Germany
Germany
PeterGrünberg
GrünbergInstitute,
Institute, Bioelectronics,
Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum
Forschungszentrum Jülich,
3.3.Sorbonne
Electrochimiques(LISE),
(LISE),Paris,
Paris,France
France
SorbonneUniversités,
Universités,Laboratoire
LaboratoireInterfaces
Interfaces et Systemes Electrochimiques
a)
c)
c)
Distance from center of coil (mm)
Distance from center of coil (mm)
d)d)
30
30
V
B
V
90
B
80
25
25
70
Voltage
(𝝁𝝁𝝁𝝁V)
Voltage
(𝝁𝝁𝝁𝝁V)
50
50
40
15
30
10
10
20
5
10
5
Detection coils
Detection coils
1
1.005
1
1.01
1.005
1.01
1.015
1.015
1.02
1.02
Permeability
Permeability
1.025
1.03
1.035
1.03
1.04
1.035
1.04
30
20
10
0
1.045
• Heat transfer and microfluidique simulations:
•Heat
Heat
transfer
and
microfluidique
simulations
:
transfer (figure 4) and mircofluidic simulations (figure 5) have
Heat transfer
4) and the
mircofluidic
(figure
5) have
been
achieved(figure
to optimize
designedsimulations
structure for
the future
been achieved
to optimize
the designed
for sensitive
the future
microanalysis
application
of biological
entities structure
that are quite
microanalysis
that of
arethe
quite
sensitive
to
temperatureapplication
variation.ofInbiological
fact theentities
amplitude
electrical
to temperature
fact theshould
amplitude
of the with
electrical
current
used for thevariation.
magneticIn
excitation
be optimized
the
current possibility
used for the
magnetic
excitation should be optimized with the
cooling
of the
system.
cooling possibility of the system.
a)
b)
a)
Sample reservoir
1.025
0
1.045
40
Figure 3. Electromagnetic simulations, a) magnetic flux density distribution in the vicinity
Figure
Electromagnetic
simulations,
a) magnetic
fluxexcitation
density distribution
in the vicinity
of the3.excitation
coil (I=0,15A)
, b) Change
of magnetic
field over horizontal
of the
excitation
coil (I=0,15A)
, b) Change
magnetic
excitation
over
axe,
c) effect
of ferrofluid
permeability
on theofinduced
voltage
in the field
sensor,
d) horizontal
effect of
axe,
c) effect
of ferrofluid
induced
voltage
in the
sensor,
ferrofluid
permeability
on permeability
the magneticon
fluxthe
density
(point
chosen
in the
centerd)ofeffect
the of
ferrofluid
permeability
on the magnetic
fluxused
density
(point chosen
involtage.
the center of the
reservoir).
Load impedance
50 Ω was
to calculate
induced
reservoir). Load impedance 50 Ω was used to calculate induced voltage.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the magnetic detection structure.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the magnetic detection structure.
application of the magnetic frequency
In mixing
a first technique
approach[1]towards
application
of themicroplanar
magnetic frequency
to microfluidic
structures,
coils have
mixing
to microfluidic
structures,
microplanar
have
to betechnique
designed[1]along
with sample
reservoir.
For this, coils
a Comsol
to Electrical
be designed
sample
Forcalculation
this, a Comsol
modelalong
(figurewith
2) along
with reservoir.
an analytical
is used
Electrical
(figurethe
2) along
with an
calculation
is useda
in ordermodel
to optimize
dimensions
of analytical
the coil. This
is to ensure
in proper
order to
optimize and
the dimensions
of the flux
coil.density
This isintothe
ensure
a
distribution
value of magnetic
sample
proper
area. distribution and value of magnetic flux density in the sample
area.
70
60
15
2. Methodology:
2.InMethodology
:
a first approach towards
80
60
20
20
0
0.995
0
0.995
90
B (𝝁𝝁𝝁𝝁T)
The
challengeis istotomeasure
measurethe
themagnetic
magneticmarker
marker particles
particles with
with high
high
The
challenge
accuracy
and
selectivity.The
Themagnetic
magneticfrequency
frequencymixing
mixing technique
technique [1]
accuracy
and
selectivity.
verywell
wellsuited
suitedforforthe
thedetection
detectionofofmagnetic
magnetic nanoparticles
nanoparticles on
on a
is is
very
microfluidic platform.
platform. The
The detection
detection structure
structure isis composed
composed of
microfluidic
microplanarcoils
coils(excitation
(excitationand
and detection)
detection) and
and aa micro-reservoir
micro-reservoir
microplanar
containing
the
targetedsample.
sample.(Figure
(Figure1)1)
containing
the
targeted
b)b)
B (𝝁𝝁𝝁𝝁T)
Aim
1.1.
Aim
::
b)
Excitation coils
Excitation coils
Sample reservoir Figure 2. Electrical 3D model (AC/DC and electrical circuit
Nodes)
Figure 4. Heat transfer simulations showing the temperature distribution after 37 second in
the set of coils close to the microfluidic reservoir (a) and temperature variation versus time
Figure 4. Heat transfer simulations of
showing
the
temperature
distribution
after
37
second
in
the reservoir (b)
the set of coils close to the microfluidic reservoir (a) and temperature variation versus time
of the reservoir (b)
Another Multiphysics
model
uses
the and
heat
transfer
module and the
Figure 2. Electrical
3D model
(AC/DC
electrical
circuit Nodes)
electrical
module to model
study the
effect
thetransfer
excitation
currentand
on the
the
Another
Multiphysics
uses
the of
heat
module
temperature
variation
of the
the effect
reservoir.
At excitation
last, to ensure
electrical
module
to study
of the
current aongood
the
distribution
of
fluids
in
the
sample
reservoir,
the
microfluidic
module
is
temperature variation of the reservoir. At last, to ensure a good
used.
distribution of fluids in the sample reservoir, the microfluidic module is
3. Results:
used.
Magnetic
3.•Results
: simulations:
The
objective
here
is
to
investigate
the
effect
of
the
parameters
of
the
• Magnetic simulations:
coils and the ferrofluid concentration on the detected signal. Using
The objective here is to investigate the effect of the parameters of the
magnetic permeability and its relation with the concentration of “Fe”
coils and the ferrofluid concentration on the detected signal. Using
element in nanoparticles based fluid sample [2], we can simulate the
magnetic
permeability
and
its
relation
with
the
concentration
of
“Fe”
change of magnetic flux density related to the corresponding
element
in
nanoparticles
based
fluid
sample
[2],
we
can
simulate
the
concentration (Figure 3). Table 1 give the various geometrical
change
of
magnetic
flux
density
related
to
the
corresponding
characteristics considered for the coils and microfluid structure in the
concentration
(Figure
3).
Table
1
give
the
various
geometrical
simulations.
characteristics considered for the coils and microfluid structure in the
Copper
Thickness
Number of turns Total number Inside Radius
simulations.
Coils
width/Isolation
Materials
of
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
per layer (𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍 )
𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
turns (𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓 )
Copper
236
Low
Inside 0.8
Radius
Thickness
Number of
turns Total number
100
35
59
Coils
width/Isolation
Materials
frequency coil
)
of
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
per layer (𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍)
FR4 (substrat),
248
High
)
turns
(𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍
𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓
100
35
62
0.8
Copper
frequency
coil
236
Low
100
35
59
0.8
184
frequency
coil
100
35
46
0.8
Pick-up coil
FR4 (substrat),
248
High
100
35
62
0.8
Copper
frequency coil
Total volume
184
Small diameter
Height of
100
35
46
Pick-up coil
Big diameter
of
of
Channel 0.8
Number
of reservoir
reservoir
Materials
reservoir 𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
reservoir
width (𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍) of inlets
𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋)
Total volume
Glass (substrate),
MicrofluidicSmall diameter Big diameter of Height of
of
Channel
Number
3.5
13
200
200
2
7.15
reservoir
Materials
PDMS
structure of reservoir
reservoir 𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
reservoir
width (𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍) of inlets
𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍
(𝛍𝛍𝛍𝛍𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋)
Microfluidic
structure
Table
1. Various geometrical
characteristics
considered
for the2 coilsGlass
and
(substrate),
3.5
13
200
200
7.15
PDMS
the microfluid structure for the simulations.
Table 1. Various geometrical characteristics considered for the coils and
the microfluid structure for the simulations.
Figure 5. Microfluid simulations showing the flow distribution relative to the reservoir shape
from circular (a) to more elliptical (d).
Figure 5. Microfluid simulations showing the flow distribution relative to the reservoir shape
from circular (a) to more elliptical (d).
4.Conclusion:
Various types of simulations (magnetic, thermal and microfluidics)
4.Conclusion
have
been implemented using Comsol Multiphysics in order to study
Various
types of
microfluidics)
and
optimize
an simulations
embedded (magnetic,
magnetic thermal
sensing and
structure.
The
have been implemented
using Comsol
Multiphysics
in order to study
combination
of different results
will allow
the full miniaturization
of
andstructure.
optimizeExperimental
an embedded
magnetic
sensing
structure.
The
the
tests are
in progress
in order
to validate
combination
results will allow the full miniaturization of
the
efficiencyof
of different
the structure.
the structure. Experimental tests are in progress in order to validate
References
: the structure.
the efficiency of
:
1.
H.-J. Krause, N. Wolters, Y. Zhang, A. Offenhäusser, P. Miethe, M.H.F. Meyer, M. Hartmann, M.
Keusgen, “Magnetic particle detection by frequency mixing for immunoassay applications”, J.
Mag. Magn. Mater. Vol. 311, 1, pp. 436-444, (2007).
A.Özbey,
M.Karimzadehkhouei,
S. E.
D. Gozuacik,
& A. M.H.F.
Koşar, Meyer,
"Modeling
of ferrofluidM.
H.-J. Krause,
N. Wolters, Y. Zhang,
A.Yalcin,
Offenhäusser,
P. Miethe,
M. Hartmann,
magnetic
actuation particle
with dynamic
magnetic
fieldsmixing
in small
channels." Microfluidics
Keusgen, “Magnetic
detection
by frequency
for immunoassay
applications”,and
J.
(2015). (2007).
Nanofluidics
Vol.18,Vol.
3, pp.447-460,
Mag. Magn. ,Mater.
311, 1, pp. 436-444,
A.Özbey, M.Karimzadehkhouei, S. E. Yalcin, D. Gozuacik, & A. Koşar, "Modeling of ferrofluid
magnetic actuation with dynamic magnetic fields in small channels." Microfluidics and
Nanofluidics , Vol.18, 3, pp.447-460, (2015).
References:
2.
1.
2.
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the 2016 COMSOL Conference in Munich