Name:
Period:
09/13/13
UNIT ONE AND TWO TEST REVIEW… FROM FREEDOM TO EXPANSION
Freedom and Constitution Unit One
1. What are people’s unalienable rights that are stated in the Declaration of Independence from 1776? Life,
liberty, and pursuit of happiness
Founding Fathers and signers of the Declaration …identify their importance
2. Charles Carroll – catholic signer
3. Benjamin Rush – (rush to the med center) Father of American Medicine
4. John Hancock – (handwriting) large signature became symbol of independence
Constitutional principles are the foundation of our government. They are the skeleton for the US Constitution. Describe
the following principles and answer the questions:
5.
6.
7.
8.
Popular Sovereignty-People are in control
Republic-people elect REPresentatives to REPresent their ideas
Federalism-state and national governments have powers designated to them, and powers they share
The constitutional principle that ensures that one branch of our government does not become too strong and is
represented by the Judicial Branch declaring an act of the Executive Branch unconstitutional is Checks and
Balances
9. The Bill of Rights is made up of 10 amendments or additions to the Constitution. Why do we need the Bill of
Rights? To protect our individual liberties (freedoms)
Amendment
1st
Amendment Description
R- religion
A-assembly
P-press
P-petition
S-speech
2nd
You have the right to bear arms
3rd
No quartering of soldiers
4th
No unreasonable search or seizure of property without probable cause
5th
Due Process “you have the right to remain silent_”, eminent domain “government must provide
compensation $$ if they take your property, no double jeopardy
6th
Right to a speedy trial and jury in a criminal case
7th
Trial by jury in a civil case
8th
No cruel or unusual punishment
9th
10th
_Hidden rights
If the federal government does not regulate it, who then has control? states and people
Name:
Period:
09/13/13
20. How are the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments all similar? all rights of the accused
21. Alexis de Toqueville used 5 values to describe American society… What were they?
1. Liberty
2. Egalitarianism
3.
populism
4.
Laissez-faire
5.
individualism
22. How does Egalitarianism represent the United States?
Owning land in America led to equality, equal opportunity, not hereditary distinctions
SETTLING THE WEST—Unit 2
23. What effects did the railroad have on the young United States? (use topics below)
a. How did it help settlers moving west? Faster/ easier travel over long distance
b. What did it cause for Native Americans? Relocation/reservations
c. How did it help farmers and agriculture? How did it hurt farmers? Ship crops but at high cost
d. How did it shape the industry of cattle ranching? Cattle trails to rail cities to ship beef east
e. What impact did it have on trade and travel? Connected the entire continent
24. Explain how the Comstock Lode was an example of the boom and bust cycle. Found silver, town developed
quickly, when silver is gone, settlers move on to new mines
25. What happened that finally allowed settlers to use the Great Plains as farm land? New inventions (mechanical
reaper, steel plows, dry farming)
26. What was the primary crop grown in the Midwest part of the United States? wheat
27. Explain how the sod house is an example of settlers adapting to their environment. No lumber, used dirt/ mud
for bricks
28. Why would ranchers see barbed wire as a threat? Enclosed property ending the open range herding
29. How did the Civil War contribute to the long drive? Soldiers needed beef
30. How did The Homestead Act of 1860 help the settlement of the Great Plains? Gave land to settlers to encourage
them to move and take up farming in the Great Plains
31. Explain why the Census Bureau declared the frontier line to be closed in 1890. Population had spread across the
United States, was no established “unsettled” territory
32. Explain why Stephen Long describe the Great Plains as the “Great American Desert.” Dry, little rain, not ideal
for living or farming
33. What was the name of the most popular cattle drive trail and where did it end? Chisholm Trail, Abilene,KS
Name:
Period:
09/13/13
34. What were the 4 main problems that farmers had in the late 1880s? Overproduction, high costs, debt, natural
disasters
35. What 2 institutions did farmers believe were at the root of their problems? Banks and railroads
36. Why did the populists believe having a free and unlimited coinage of silver would help farmers? Bimetallism
would put more money in circulation, would raise prices and allow farmers to pay off their debt
37. Name 2 OTHER things in the Populist Platform that would help farmers.
1. Graduated income tax
2. Regulation of railroad
38. Who did William Jennings Bryan represent in his “Cross of Gold” Speech? farmers
39. What are 3 reasons Third Parties are important to American politics? Educate on special issues, voice for
minorities, force bigger parties to adopt ideas
40. What act passed in 1887 was an attempt by the American government to assimilate the Native Americans using
a process of Americanization? The Dawes Act
41. What is the main source of food for Native Americans of the Great Plains? buffalo
42. What are examples of events to represent Native American resistance to White Settlers and Americanization?
Indian Wars—Battle of Little Bighorn, Tragedy at Wounded Knee
43. Describe a few ways Native Americans were expected to Americanize.
Cut hair, speak English, farm