From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
enemies, and seized hacienda land for distribution to peasants and soldiers. He robbed
and commandeered trains, and, like the other
revolutionary generals, printed fiat money to
pay for his cause.
Despite extensive research by Mexican
and foreign scholars, many of the details of
Villa’s life are in dispute.
When one of Madero’s military commanders, Pascual Orozco, started a counterrebellion against Madero, Villa gathered his mounted cavalry troops and fought alongside General Victoriano Huerta to support Madero.
However, Huerta viewed Villa as an ambitious competitor, and later accused Villa of
stealing a horse and insubordination; he then
had Villa sentenced to execution in an attempt to dispose of him. Reportedly, Villa
was standing in front of a firing squad waiting to be shot when a telegram from President Madero was received commuting his sentence to imprisonment, from which Villa later
escaped. During Villa’s imprisonment, Gildardo Magaña Cerda, a Zapatista who was in
prison at the time, provided the chance meeting which would help to improve his poor
reading and writing skills, which would serve
him well in the future during his service as
provisional governor of the state of
Chihuahua.
’Doroteo Arango Arámbula
June 5, 1878 - July 20, 1923
Pancho Villa
Nickname
Pancho Villa
El Centauro del Norte (The
Centaur of the North)
Place of
birth
San Juan del Río, Durango,
Mexico Hidalgo
Place of
death
Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
Allegiance
Mexico (antireeleccionista
revolutionary forces)
Rank
General
Commands
held
División del Norte
Battles/
wars
Mexican Revolution
This article is about a Mexican
revolutionary general. For the boxer, see
Francisco Guilledo.
Doroteo Arango Arámbula (June 5, 1878 –
July 20, 1923), better known as Francisco
"Pancho" Villa, was the first Mexican Revolutionary general along with Ramiro Cervantes and Uriel Carrasco. As commander of
the División del Norte (Division of the North),
he was the veritable caudillo of the Northern
Mexican state of Chihuahua which, given its
size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the United States of America, gave him great popularity. Villa was also provisional Governor of
Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914. Although he
was prevented from being accepted into the
"panteón" of national heroes until some 20
years after his death, today his memory is
honored by Mexicans and many people
around the world. In addition, numerous
streets and neighborhoods in Mexico are
named in his honor.
General John J. Pershing tried to capture
Villa after a year in pursuit. Villa and his supporters, known as Villistas, used tactics such
as propaganda and firing squads against his
Fight against Huerta’s
usurpation
In the second part of the Mexican Revolution,
president Francisco I. Madero was betrayed
and assassinated.[1] After crushing the
Orozco rebellion, Victoriano Huerta, with the
federal army he commanded, held the majority of military power in Mexico. Huerta saw
an opportunity to make himself the dictator
of Mexico, and he began to conspire with
men such as Bernardo Reyes {killed 1913},
Félix Díaz (died in 1945; nephew of Porfirio
Díaz), and the American ambassador Henry
Lane Wilson {Dismissed 1913-died 1932},
which resulted in La decena trágica (the "Ten
Tragic Days") and the assassination of President Madero.[2]
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Villa’s hatred of Huerta became more personal and intense after March 7, 1913, when
Huerta ordered the murder of Villa’s political
mentor, Abraham González, who had worked
with Madero and Villa since 1910. Abraham
González was one of Francisco I. Madero’s
political advisors. He recruited Francisco
Villa in 1910 to support Madero with the Plan
de San Luis which started the first part of the
Mexican Revolution with the armed movement of November 20th, 1910. The Plan de
San Luis was made to force Dictator Porfirio
Diaz (Mexican president for 33 years) to
leave the presidency and allow for a Mexican
democracy[1].
Villa
later
recovered
González’s remains and gave his friend a
proper funeral in Chihuahua.
Villa joined the rebellion against Huerta,
crossing the Río Bravo del Norte (Rio
Grande) into Ciudad Juárez with a mere 8
men, 2 pounds of coffee, 2 pounds of sugar,
and 500 rounds of rifle ammunition. The new
United States president Woodrow Wilson dismissed Ambassador Wilson, and began to
support Carranza’s cause. Villa’s remarkable
generalship and recruiting appeal, combined
with ingenious fundraising methods to support his rebellion, would be a key factor in
forcing Huerta from office a little over a year
later, on July 15, 1914.
Francisco Villa as a child.
After Madero’s murder, Huerta proclaimed
himself provisional president. Venustiano
Carranza then proclaimed the Plan of Guadalupe to oust Huerta from office as an unconstitutional usurper. The new group of politicians and generals (which included Pablo
González, Álvaro Obregón, Emiliano Zapata
and Villa) who joined to support Carranza’s
plan, were collectively styled as the Ejército
Constitucionalista de México (Constitutionalist Army of Mexico), the constitucionalista
adjective added to stress the point that
Huerta had not obtained power through
methods prescribed by Mexico’s Constitution
of 1857.
Pancho Villa {Left} "commander of the
División del Norte (Division of the North),"
and Emiliano Zapata "Ejército Libertador del
Sur (Liberation Army of the South).". Villa is
sitting in the presidential throne in the Palacio Nacional
This was the time of Villa’s greatest fame
and success. He recruited soldiers and able
subordinates (both Mexican and mercenary)
such as Felipe Ángeles, Manuel Chao, Sam
Dreben and Ivor Thord-Gray, and raised
money using methods such as forced assessments on hostile hacienda owners, and train
robberies. In one notable escapade, he held
122 bars of silver ingot from a train robbery
(and a Wells Fargo employee) hostage and
10 centavo paper fiat money note issued by
the Chihuahua state government during the
anti-Huerta Constitutionalist rebellion in
1913.
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
forced Wells Fargo to help him sell the bars
for spendable cash.[3] A rapid, hard-fought
series of victories at Ciudad Juárez, Tierra
Blanca, Chihuahua and Ojinaga followed.
Villa then became provisional governor of the
state of Chihuahua. According to some of the
references, Villa considered Tierra Blanca his
most spectacular victory.[4] Villa’s war tactics
were studied by the American Army and a
contract with Hollywood was made. Hollywood would be allowed to film Villa’s movements and 50% of the profit would be paid to
Villa to support the Revolution[1].
As governor of Chihuahua, Villa raised
more money for a drive to the south by printing his own currency. He decreed his paper
money to be traded and accepted at par with
gold Mexican pesos, then forced the wealthy
to give forced loans that would allow to pay
salaries to the army as well as food and
clothes. He also took some of the land owned
by the hacendados (owners of the Haciendas)
to give it to the widows and family of dead revolutionaries. For some this might appeared
as a unfair act; however, the Haciendas have
been operating as feudal properties, where
the workers are treated almost as slaves and
the salaries are so low that the workers have
to be in debt with the hacendados who
"loaned" goods from the Hacienda store
(tienda de raya). The acts of Villa allowed to
partially compensate for decades of dishonesty and unfairness. The forced loans would
also support the war machinery of the Mexican Revolution[1]. He also confiscated gold
from specific banks, in the case of the Banco
Minero, by holding hostage a member of the
bank’s owning family, the extremely wealthy
and famous Terrazas clan, until the location
of the hidden bank’s gold was revealed.
Villa’s political stature at that time was so
high that banks in El Paso, Texas, accepted
his paper pesos at face value. His generalship
drew enough admiration from the US military
that he and Álvaro Obregón were invited to
Fort Bliss to meet Brigadier General John J.
Pershing.
The new pile of money was used to purchase draft animals, cavalry horses, arms,
ammunition, mobile hospital facilities (railroad cars and horse ambulances staffed with
Mexican and foreign volunteer doctors,
known as Servicio sanitario), and food, as
well as to rebuild the railroad south of Chihuahua City. The rebuilt railroad transported
Villa’s troops and artillery south, where he
defeated Federal forces at Gómez Palacio,
Torreón, and Zacatecas.[5]
Carranza tries to halt the
Villa advance, the fall of
Zacatecas
Generals John J. Pershing, Pancho Villa, and
Álvaro Obregón pose for a photo at Fort
Bliss, Texas, 1913.
After Torreón, Carranza issued a puzzling order for Villa to break off action south of Torreón and instead ordered him to divert to attack Saltillo, and threatened to cut off Villa’s
coal supply if he did not comply. Coal was
needed for railroad locomotives to pull trains
transporting soldiers and supplies, and was
therefore necessary for any general. This was
widely seen as an attempt by Carranza to divert Villa from a direct assault on Mexico
City, so as to allow Carranza’s forces under
Álvaro Obregón, driving in from the west via
Guadalajara, to take the capital first, and
Obregón and Carranza did enter Mexico City
ahead of Villa. This was an expensive and disruptive diversion for the División del norte,
since Villa’s enlisted men were paid the then
enormous sum of a peso per day, and each
day of delay cost thousands of pesos. Villa did
attack Saltillo as ordered, winning that
battle.
Villa, disgusted by what he saw as egoism,
tendered his resignation. Felipe Ángeles and
Villa’s officer staff argued for Villa to withdraw his resignation, defy Carranza’s orders,
and proceed to attack Zacatecas, a strategic
mountainous city considered nearly impregnable. Zacatecas was the source of much of
Mexico’s silver, and thus a supply of funds
for whoever held it. Victory in Zacatecas
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Split with the United
States and the Punitive
Expedition
See Punitive Expedition.
After years of public and documented support of Villa’s fight, the United States, following the diplomatic policies of Woodrow
Wilson, who believed that supporting Carranza was the best way to expedite establishment of a stable Mexican government, refused to allow more arms to be supplied to
Villas army, and allowed Carranza’s troops to
be relocated over US railroads. Villa felt betrayed by the Americans. He was further enraged by Obregón’s use of searchlights,
powered by American electricity, to help repel a Villista night attack on the border town
of Agua Prieta, Sonora, on November 1,
1915. In January 1916, a group of Villistas attacked a train on the Mexico North Western
Railway, near Santa Isabel, Chihuahua, and
killed several American employees of the
ASARCO company. Passengers included 18
Americans, including 15 who worked for
American Smelting and Refining Company.
There was only one survivor, who gave the
details to the press. Villa admitted to ordering the attack, but denied that he had authorized the shedding of American blood.[6]
Villa wearing bandoliers in front of an insurgent camp
would mean that Huerta’s chances of holding
the remainder of the country would be slim.
Villa accepted Ángeles’s advice, cancelled his
resignation, and the División del norte defeated the Federals in the Toma de Zacatecas
(Taking of Zacatecas), the single bloodiest
battle of the Revolution, with the military
forces counting approximately 7,000 dead
and 5,000 wounded, and unknown numbers
of civilian casualties. (A memorial to and museum of the Toma de Zacatecas is on the
Cerro de la Bufa, one of the key defense
points in the battle of Zacatecas. Tourists use
a teleférico (aerial tramway) to reach it, owing to the steep approaches. From the top,
tourists may appreciate the difficulties Villa’s
troops had trying to dislodge Federal troops
from the peak.) The loss of Zacatecas in June
1914 broke the back of the Huerta regime,
and Huerta left for exile on July 14, 1914.
At this moment, peace comes back to Mexico. All the revolutionary caudillos create a
National Convention, and have a set of meetings in Aguascalientes. The National Convention sets rules for Mexican’s path towards a
democracy. None of the armed revolutionaries would be allowed to be nominated for
government positions. They select an interim
president Eulalio Gutierrez. Emiliano Zapata
and Pancho Villa meet at the convention.
Zapata tells Villa he fears Carranza’s intentions are those of a dictator and not of a
democratic president. True to Zapata’s impression, Carranza decides to oppose the
agreements of the National Convention,
starting a civil war[1].
Cross-border attack on New
Mexico
Ruins of Columbus, New Mexico after being
Raided by Pancho Villa
On March 9, 1916, General Villa ordered
nearly 500 Mexican members of his revolutionary group to make a cross-border attack
against Columbus, New Mexico. The raid was
conducted because of the U.S. government’s
official recognition of the Carranza regime
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
and for the loss of lives in battle due to defective bullets purchased from the United
States.[7] They attacked a detachment of the
13th Cavalry Regiment (United States), seizing 100 horses and mules, and setting part of
the town on fire. 18 Americans and about 80
Villistas were killed.[8] This was the second
time U.S. land was attacked by another country. On May 15 they attacked Glen Springs,
Texas, killing a civilian and wounding three
American soldiers; on June 15 bandits killed
four soldiers at San Ygnacio, Texas; on July
31 one American soldier and a U.S. customs
inspector were killed.[9]
Villa’s battles and military actions
General Pancho Villa
(Americans included) mercenaries and doctors, portrayed as a hero in the US media,
made business arrangements with Hollywood, and did not object to the 1914 US naval occupation of Veracruz (Villa’s observation
was that the occupation merely hurt Huerta).
He opposed the armed participation of the
United States in Mexico, but he did not act
against the Veracruz occupation in order to
maintain the connections in the United States
necessary to buy bullets and other supplies.
The German consul in Torreón did make entreaties to Villa, offering him arms and
money to occupy the port and oil fields of
Tampico to enable German ships to dock
there, but the offer was rejected by Villa.
Germans and German agents did attempt
to interfere, unsuccessfully, in the Mexican
Revolution. Germans attempted to plot with
Victoriano Huerta to assist him to retake the
country, and in the infamous Zimmermann
Telegram to the Mexican government, proposed an alliance with the government of
Venustiano Carranza.
There were documented contacts between
Villa and the Germans, after Villa’s split with
the Constitutionalists. Principally this was in
the person of Felix A. Sommerfeld, (noted in
Katz’s book), allegedly, in 1915, he funneled
$340,000 of German money to the Western
General Pancho Villa in the entrance of
Ojinaga
• Battle of Ciudad Juárez (twice, in 1911
and 1913, won both times)
• Battle of Tierra Blanca (1913 won)
• Battle of Chihuahua (1913 won)
• Battle of Ojinaga (1913 won)[10]
• Battle of Torreón and Battle of Gómez
Palacio (1914 won)
• Battle of Saltillo (1914 won)
• Battle of Zacatecas (1914 won)
• Battle of Celaya (1915 lost)
• Attack on Agua Prieta (1915 lost)
• Attack on Columbus, New Mexico (1916
won)
German involvement in
Villa’s later campaigns
Before the Villa-Carranza split in 1915, there
is no credible evidence that Villa co-operated
with or accepted any help from the German
government or agents. Villa was supplied
arms from the USA, employed international
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Cartridge Company to purchase ammunition.
However, the actions of Sommerfeld indicate
he was likely acting in his own self-interest
(he acted as a double agent for Carranza).
Villa’s actions were hardly that of a German
catspaw; rather, it appears that Villa only resorted to German assistance after other
sources of money and arms were cut off.[11]
At the time of Villa’s attack on Columbus,
New Mexico, in 1916, Villa’s military power
had been marginalized (he was repulsed at
Columbus by a small cavalry detachment, albeit after doing a lot of damage), his theater
of operations was mainly limited to western
Chihuahua, he was persona non grata with
Mexico’s ruling Carranza constitutionalists,
and the subject of an embargo by the United
States; so communication or further shipments of arms between the Germans and
Villa would have been difficult.
A plausible explanation of any Villa-German contacts after 1915 would be that they
were a futile extension of increasingly desperate German diplomatic efforts and Villista
pipe dreams of victory as progress of their
respective wars bogged down. Villa effectively did not have anything useful to offer in
exchange for German help at that point.
When weighing claims of Villa conspiring
with Germans, one should take into account
that at the time, portraying Villa as a German
sympathizer served the propaganda ends of
both Carranza and Wilson.
The use of Mauser rifles and carbines by
Villa’s forces does not necessarily indicate
any German connection. These weapons were
widely used by all parties in the Mexican Revolution, Mauser longarms being enormously
popular. They were standard issue in the
Mexican Army, which had begun adopting
7 mm Mauser system arms as early as
1895.[12]
Automobile in which Pancho Villa was
assassinated.
The location of the remainder of Villa’s
corpse is in dispute (his skull was stolen). It
may be in the city cemetery of Parral, Chihuahua,[15] or in Chihuahua City, or in the
Monument of the Revolution in Mexico
City.[16] Tombstones for Villa exist in both
places. A pawn shop in El Paso, Texas, claims
to be in possession of Villa’s preserved trigger finger.[17][18]
Period newsreel showing views of the assassination location in Hidalgo del Parral,
Chihuahua, news reporters at the scene, and
Villa’s bullet riddled corpse and auto still exist to this day.
In films, video, and
television
Villa appeared as himself in films in 1912,
1913, 1914 and 1916:
• Life of Villa (1912)
• With General Pancho Villa in Mexico
(1913, unconfirmed)
• The Life of General Villa (1914)
• Following the Flag in Mexico (1916)
The 1934 biopic Viva Villa! was nominated
for an Academy Award for Best Picture. Actors that have portrayed Villa include:
• Raoul Walsh (1912, 1914) The Life of
General Villa
• Wallace Beery (1917) Patria
• George Humbert (1918) Why America Will
Win
• Wallace Beery (1934) Viva Villa!, with
Phillip Cooper (Pancho Villa as a boy)
• Juan F. Triana (1935) El Tesoro de Pancho
Villa
Death and grave site
Pancho Villa was shot and killed in his car,
while visiting Parral, Chihuahua, on July 20,
1923.[13]
A purported death mask alleged to be
Villa’s was hidden at the Radford School in El
Paso, Texas, until the 1970s, when it was
sent to the National Museum of the Revolution in Chihuahua; other museums have
ceramic and bronze representations that do
not match this mask.[14]
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
• Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. (1989) Old Gringo
• Mike Moroff (1992) The Young Indiana
Jones Chronicles, Young Indiana Jones and
the Curse of the Jackal, "Mexico, March
1916", The Adventures of Young Indiana
Jones: Spring Break Adventure
• Antonio Aguilar (1993) La sangre de un
valiente
• Jesús Ochoa (1995) Entre Pancho Villa y
una mujer desnuda
• Carlos Roberto Majul (1999) Ah!
Silenciosa
• Peter Butler (2000) From Dusk Till Dawn
3: The Hangman’s Daughter
• Antonio Banderas (2003) And Starring
Pancho Villa as Himself
• Alejandro Calva (2009) Chico Grande
• Javier Bardem (2010) Siete amigos de
Pancho Villa y la mujer de seis dedos
In popular culture
• Mexico City subway (Metro) station Metro
División del Norte is named after Pancho
Villa’s command, and its logo depicts him
riding a horse
• The French musical group Magazine 60
published a song titled "Pancho Villa" in
1987.
• Víctor Jara in his album Canto Libre in
1970 published the song "Corrido de
Pancho Villa".
• Kid Frost has published a song called
"Pancho Villa" featuring Mellow Man Ace.
• The country music singer Steve Earle
published a song titled "Mercenary Song"
in his 1995 album "Train A Comin’" (ASIN
B000002NAV) about two men from
Georgia who go to Mexico to join Pancho
Villa’s army.
• In the pilot episode of the 1992-96 TV
series The Young Indiana Jones
Chronicles, the title character briefly
becomes involved with Pancho Villa and
the Mexican Revolution, which is
referenced in the 2008 movie Indiana
Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal
Skull.
• The Northern Irish poet Paul Muldoon’s
collection, "Mules" (1977) begins with the
poem "Lunch With Pancho Villa".
• Pancho Villa was portrayed as a teenage
rebel in an October 1959 episode of the
TV series Have Gun, Will Travel. That was
an anachronism, since this series took
Monument to Pancho Villa in Bufa Zacatecas
mountain range
• Domingo Soler (1936) ¡Vámonos con
Pancho Villa!
• Maurice Black (1937) Under Strange
Flags
• Leo Carrillo (1949) Pancho Villa Returns
• Pedro Armendáriz (1950, 1957, 1960
twice)
• Alan Reed (1952) Viva Zapata!
• Victor Alcocer (1955) El siete leguas
• Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr. (1958) Villa!!
• José Elías Moreno (1967) El Centauro
Pancho Villa
• Ricardo Palacios (1967) Los Siete de
Pancho Villa
• Yul Brynner (1968) Villa Rides
• Telly Savalas (1971) Pancho Villa!
• Heraclio Zepeda (1973) Reed, México
insurgente
• Héctor Elizondo (1976) Wanted: The
Sundance Woman (TV)
• Freddy Fender (1977) She Came to the
Valley
• José Villamor (1980) Viva México (TV)
• Jorge Reynoso (1982) Red Bells: Mexico in
Flames
• Gaithor Brownne (1985) Blood Church
• Guillermo Gil (1987) Senda de Gloria (TV
series)
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Preceded by
Salvador R. Mercado
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Governor of Chihuahua
1913 - 1914
place in the years about 1877 - one year
before Villa’s birth.
Succeeded by
Manuel Chao
[3] Burress, Charles (May 5, 1999). "Wells
Fargo’s Hush-Hush Deal With Pancho
Villa". San Francisco Chronicle.
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/
article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/
05/05/MN17884.DTL.
[4] Eisenhower, John S. D. Intervention: The
United States and the Mexican
Revolution, 1913-1917 (New York: W. W.
Norton, 1993) p. 58
[5] Map of Constitutionalist Army Battles
[6] http://www.utb.edu
[7] Huachuca Illustrated, vol 1, 1993: Villa’s
Raid on Columbus, New Mexico
[8] "[http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/
comment/huachuca/HI1-12.htm Buffalo
Soldiers at Huachuca: Villa’s Raid on
Columbus, New Mexico]". Huachuca
Illustrated 1. 1993.
http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/
huachuca/HI1-12.htm. Retrieved on
2009-01-12.
[9] http://www.archives.gov/publications/
prologue/1997/winter/mexican-punitiveexpedition-2.html
[10] The Battle of Ojinaga
[11] Pancho Villa as a German Agent?
[12] Mexican Secretary Of Defense - Armies
of the Revolution
[13] http://www.hsgng.org/pages/pancho.htm
[14] Questions Begin to Arise Over Death
Mask of Pancho Villa.
[15] Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) - Find A Grave
Memorial.
[16] Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) - Find A Grave
Memorial
[17] KVIA.com El Paso, Las Cruces - Weather,
News, Sports - For Sale: Pancho Villa’s
trigger finger.
[18] ’Everywhere you go, the spirit of history
has left its mark’ - El Paso Times.
Further reading
• Paco Ignacio Taibo II, "Pancho Villa: Una
Biografia Narrativa", Planeta (August 30,
2006). ISBN-10: 9703703348, ISBN-13:
978-9703703340.
• Paco Ignacio Taibo II, "Pancho Villa",
History Channel Documentary, 2008.
• Guadalupe Villa y Rosa Helia Villa (eds.),
Retrato autobiográfico, 1894-1914,
Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México: Taurus:
Santillana Ediciones Generales, c2003
(2004 printing). ISBN 968-19-1311-6.
• Friedrich Katz, Life and Times of Pancho
Villa, Stanford University Press, 1998,
ISBN 0-8047-3046-6.
• Pancho Villa Page
http://www.ojinaga.com/villa/.
• Eric J. Hobsbawm, Bandits 1969, New Pr.
2000. ISBN-10: 1565846192 resp.
ISBN-13: 978-1565846197.
• Jeff Howell, Pancho Villa, Outlaw, Hero,
Patriot, Cutthroat: Evaluating the Many
Faces of Historical Text Archive.
• Micro-biographies, Figures in Mexican
History. Francisco Villa, México, 1993.
http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/
html/rev/biovilla.html, 1993.
External links
• Statue of Pancho Villa, the Mexican
Revolutionary Leader in Tucson, Arizona,
United States
• Encyclopædia Britannica, Pancho Villa
• Photos of Villa and the Mexican
Revolution - Warning Some disturbing
images. Some of these photos are also in
the book The Wind That Swept Mexico.
• Camp Furlong and Columbus, New Mexico
- 1916
Persondata
NAME
Arango Arámbula, Doroteo
ALTERNATIVE Villa, Pancho
NAMES
References
SHORT
Mexican Revolutionary,
DESCRIPTION División del Norte
[1] ^ Paco Ignacio Taibo II, "Pancho Villa:
Una Biografia Narrativa", Planeta
(August 30, 2006).
[2] Usurper: The Dark Shadow of Victoriano
Huerta by Jim Tuck ©1999.
8
DATE OF
BIRTH
5 June 1878
PLACE OF
BIRTH
San Juan Del Rio, Durango,
Mexico
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
DATE OF
DEATH
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
20 July 1923
PLACE OF
DEATH
[[[Parral, Chihuahua|Parral]], Chihuahua, Mexico
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_%22Pancho%22_Villa"
Categories: People of the Mexican Revolution, Folk saints, Governors of Chihuahua, Mexican
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