The inhibition of Pb(IV) oxide formation in chlorinated water by
orthophosphate
Darren A. Lytle, Michael R. Schock and Kirk Scheckel
Supporting Information
S1. Eh-pH diagram for Pb-H2O-CO3 system (0.015 mg Pb/L, 10 mg C/L DIC, I=0, and 25oC).
S2. Color transformation of lead solids during experiment I (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24°C, pH 7.88 8.01).
S3. Linear combination fitting of κ-space data for sample collected during experiment I after 8
days. Reference components of the fitting are shown in relative proportion of their contribution.
S4. Color transformation of lead solids during experiment K (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24°C, pH 8.01
– 8.15, 30 mg PO4/L).
S5. XRD spectra of (a) chloropyromorphite and (b) hydroxypyromorphite standards, and (c)
sample from experiment K after 147 days. Spectra regions between 27.5 to 32, and 42 to 51
degrees 22 are magnified.
S6. Soluble lead measured over time during experiment K (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24°C, pH 8.01 –
8.15, 30 mg PO4/L.
S7. Comparison between X-ray diffractogram of lead solids formed during (a) experiment K
after 146 days (chlorine present), and (b) experiment Y after 3 days of aging.
S8. Transmission electron micrographs of lead colloids collected during experiment Y after 4
days.
FIGURE S1. Eh-pH diagram for Pb-H2O-CO3 system (0.015 mg Pb/L, 10 mg C/L DIC, I=0,
and 25oC).
S1
FIGURE S2. Color transformation of lead solids during experiment I (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24o
C, pH 7.88 - 8.01).
S2
2
κ χ(κ)
Raw Date
LCF Fit
PbO2
Massicot
Cerussite
2
4
6
8
10
-1
κ (Å )
FIGURE S3. Linear combination fitting of κ-space data for sample collected during experiment
I after 8 days. Reference components of the fitting are shown in relative proportion of their
contribution.
S3
FIGURE S4. Color transformation of lead solids during experiment K (DIC = 10 mg C/L,
24°C, pH 8.01 – 8.15, 30 mg PO4/L).
S4
FIGURE S5. XRD spectra of (a) chloropyromorphite and (b) hydroxypyromorphite standards,
and (c) sample from experiment K after 147 days. Spectra regions between 27.5 to 32, and 42 to
51 degrees 22 are magnified.
S5
FIGURE S6. Soluble lead measured over time during experiment K (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24°C,
pH 8.01 – 8.15, 30 mg PO4/L.
S6
FIGURE S7.
Comparison between X-ray diffractogram of lead solids formed during (a)
experiment K after 146 days (chlorine present), and (b) experiment Y after 3 days of aging.
S7
FIGURE S8. Transmission electron micrographs of lead colloids collected during experiment Y
after 4 days.
S8