Year 11 P3.1 Test
64 minutes
64 marks
Page 1 of 22
Q1.
(a)
(i)
The diagram shows how parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens.
Mark the position of the focus.
(1)
(ii)
Is this a converging lens, a diverging lens, both or neither?
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(1)
(b)
The diagram shows how parallel rays of light pass through a concave lens.
(i)
Mark the position of the focus.
(1)
(ii)
Is this a converging lens, a diverging lens, both or neither?
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(1)
(c)
Complete these sentences by crossing out the two lines in each box that are wrong.
In a camera, a
The image is
The image is
from the lens.
lens is used to produce an image of an object on a
.
the object.
the lens, compared to the distance of the object
(4)
Page 2 of 22
(d)
In a cinema projector, a convex lens is used to produce a magnified, real image.
(i)
What does magnified mean?
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(1)
(ii)
What is a real image?
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(1)
(e)
You are in a dark room. You have a box containing some lenses. Only one of them is a
converging lens.
Describe how, by just feeling the lenses, you can pick out the converging lens.
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(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 3 of 22
Q2.
(a)
The diagram shows the cross-section of an eye.
Use words from the box to label the parts, A, B and C.
cornea
iris
lens
pupil
retina
(3)
(b)
The diagram shows one of the eyes of a person who is short-sighted.
Which one of the following lenses, J, K or L, could be used to correct the person’s
eyesight?
Lens .......................................
Give a reason for your choice.
........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 4 of 22
Q3.
After a person is injured a doctor will sometimes ask for a photograph to be taken of the
patient’s bone structure, e.g. in the case of a suspected broken arm.
(i)
Which type of electromagnetic radiation would be used to take the photograph?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Describe the properties of this radiation which enable it to be used to photograph bone
structure.
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(2)
(Total 3 marks)
Q4.
(a)
This information is from a science magazine.
Electronic systems can be used to
produce ultrasonic waves.
These waves have a frequency higher
than the upper limit for hearing in
humans.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct number from the box.
20
2000
20 000
200 000
The upper limit for hearing in humans is a frequency of ............................................ Hz.
(1)
(b)
An electronic system produces ultrasound with a frequency of 500 kHz.
What does the symbol kHz stand for?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
(i)
State one industrial use for ultrasound.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
State one medical use for ultrasound.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 5 of 22
(d)
An ultrasound detector is connected to an oscilloscope.
The diagram shows centimetre squares on an oscilloscope screen. Each horizontal
division represents 2 microseconds.
Calculate the time, in microseconds, between one peak of one ultrasound pulse and the
peak of the next.
.....................................................................................................................................
Time = .............................. microseconds
(1)
(e)
Ultrasounds are partially reflected when they reach a boundary between two different
media.
The time taken for the reflection from the boundary to reach the detector can be seen
from the screen.
What can be calculated from this time interval?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(f)
Explain what action scientists should take if they find evidence that ultrasonic waves may
be harmful to human health.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 6 of 22
Q5.
Both X-ray machines and CT scanners are used to produce images of the body.
(a)
The diagram shows an X-ray photograph of a broken leg.
Before switching on the X-ray machine, the radiographer goes behind a screen.
Explain why the radiographer does this.
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(3)
(b)
The following is an extract from a newspaper article.
X-rays cause 700 new cancers each year in the U.K.
Each year there are about 125 000 new cancer cases in the UK, of
which, about 700 may be due to the use of X-rays to diagnose
illness.
The article was reporting on a scientific research project first published in a medical
journal.
What evidence would the scientists have collected to come to the conclusion that X-rays
can cause cancer?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
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(2)
Page 7 of 22
(c)
Explain the advantage of a CT scan compared to an X-ray.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q6.
(a) A student investigated the refraction of light as it passes out of a transparent plastic
block.
She aimed a ray of light at point X. She marked the position of the ray as it passed through
the transparent plastic block and into the air.
The angle i is the angle of incidence.
(i)
What is the name of angle r?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
What is the name of the dashed line?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 8 of 22
(b)
A camera uses a lens to produce an image which falls on a light detector.
Name a light detecting device which may be used in a camera.
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The diagram shows the position of an image formed in a camera.
(i)
What type of lens is shown in the diagram?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Use the equation in the box to calculate the magnification.
magnification =
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
Magnification = ....................
(2)
Page 9 of 22
(d)
Why does the image formed in a camera have to be a real image?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q7.
The diagram shows a glass prism.
(i)
Explain why refraction has not occurred at point X.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
(A)
Give the full name for the process which has occurred at point Y.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(B)
Explain why this process has occurred.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 10 of 22
Q8.
(a)
The diagrams show rays of light. Each ray strikes a surface of a glass block.
(i)
On the diagram draw the path of each ray through the glass block and out into the air
again.
(ii)
Label another angle on the diagram which is equal to the angle marked X. Label this
angle Y.
(4)
(b)
The diagrams show two beakers. Both beakers have a drawing pin inside as shown.
The first beaker is empty. The eye cannot see the drawing pin.
The second beaker is full of water and the eye can see the drawing pin.
Explain how the eye is able to see the drawing pin in the second beaker. You may add to
the diagram if it helps your answer.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 11 of 22
Q9.
The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a diverging lens.
(a)
Use the information in the diagram to calculate the refractive index of the plastic used to
make the lens.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Refractive index = ..................................
(2)
Page 12 of 22
(b)
The focal length of the lens is 5 cm. A student looking through the lens sees
the image of a pin.
Complete the ray diagram below to show how the image of the pin is formed.
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q10.
Ultrasound can be used in industry for detecting internal cracks in metals.
(a)
State two features of ultrasound.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
The diagram shows an ultrasound transmitter and detector fixed to the front of a metal
block. The block has an internal crack.
Page 13 of 22
The diagram below shows the screen of the oscilloscope connected to the detector.
(i)
Explain why pulse A and pulse B occur.
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(2)
(ii)
The metal block is 120 mm from front to back. What is the distance, in mm, from the
front of the block to the internal crack?
Distance = .................... mm
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 14 of 22
M1.
(a)
(i)
point where the rays cross
do not credit if ambiguous
1
(ii)
converging (lens)
do not accept convex
1
(b)
(i)
point where the rays appear to diverge from
this should appear to be within 10mm in front of the back of the
arrows on the approximate centre line
need not be accurately constructed using a ruler
1
(ii)
diverging (lens)
do not accept concave
1
(c)
converging
1
film
1
smaller than
nearer to
accept any clear indication of the response e.g. ticking, ringing,
writing in after a mistake
1
(d)
(i)
(image) bigger than object enlarge
accept just 'made bigger'
1
(ii)
it / real image can be put on a screen or real image on the opposite side
of the lens to the object
accept 'not an imaginary or virtual image'
assume 'it' refers to a real image
do not credit 'it can be seen'
1
Page 15 of 22
(e)
either (the converging lens is) thick in the middle thin(ner) at the edge
1
thickest in the middle gains 2 marks
1
or (both) sides bend outwards (1) in the middle (1)
convex gains 2 marks
suitable diagrams gains 2 marks
or one side bends in the middle (1) more than the other side bends inwards
(in the middle) (1)
1
[12]
M2.
(a)
A – lens
1
B – retina
1
C – pupil
1
(b)
L
1
it diverges the light (before entering the eye)
or
it will make the light focus on the retina
accept spreads for diverges
1
[5]
M3.
(i)
X-rays or gamma rays
for 1 mark
1
(ii)
passes through flesh;
stopped by bone/absorbed
for 1 mark each
2
[3]
Page 16 of 22
M4.
(a)
20000
accept any unambiguous indication
1
(b)
kilohertz
credit misspellings
credit ‘1000 hertz’ or ‘1000 Hz’
accept 1000 oscillations/beats/waves per second
1
(c)
(i)
cleaning (e.g. something delicate such as a watch)
or quality control/flaw detection
credit any appropriate extra Specification response
e.g. sonar
1
(ii)
pre-natal (scanning)
do not credit just ‘scanning’/medical scanning/ scanning a baby
credit any appropriate extra Specification response
e.g. destruction of (kidney) stones or cleaning teeth
1
(d)
8 (μs)
1
(e)
distance (1)
between the boundary and the detector (1)
accept ‘between the boundary and the source’
accept any correct use of speed = distance/time
2
(f)
examples
publish/tell doctors/the public (1) ... their evidence/results/research/data (1)
carry out more research/tests (1) ... to make sure/check reliability (1)
allow a wide variety of appropriate responses
valid point (1) appropriate example/qualification/expansion/etc. (1)
allow just ‘stop using them/ultrasonic waves’ (1)
allow using them (only) for industrial purposes (1)
2
[9]
Page 17 of 22
M5.
(a) X-rays are ionising
or
X-rays kill / damage cells
accept cause cancer
1
any stray X-rays are absorbed by screen
1
which reduces the radiation dose to the radiographer
1
(b)
medical records / X-ray records
1
of people with cancer
1
(c)
a CT scan gives a 3D image
1
therefore the image can be observed from different directions
1
[7]
M6.
(a)
(i)
(angle of) refraction
take care not to credit ‘angle of reflection’
1
(ii)
normal
do not credit ‘horizontal’
1
(b)
either
(photographic) film
or CCD(s) (charge-coupled device(s)) / CMOS(s) (sensor(s)) / (active) pixel sensor(s)
accept ‘LDR(s)’ / ‘light dependent resistor(s)’
not lux meter
do not accept light sensor(s)
1
(c)
(i)
converging
or ‘convex’
1
Page 18 of 22
(ii)
either
(0).35
or (0).4(1...)
do not give any credit for an answer greater than 1
or
7 ÷ 20 for 1 mark
or
clear evidence that appropriate measuring / counting, has been
made for 1 mark
2
(d)
otherwise it will have no effect on the light detector
or otherwise no (real) light will fall on the light detector
or ‘a virtual / imaginary image will have no effect on the light
detector’
allow error carried forwards for ‘light detector’
allow so it can be formed on the film
1
[7]
M7.
(i)
(incident) ray along the normal
or (incident) ray at 90° (to the surface)
1
(ii)
(A)
total internal reflection
all three words required do not credit total internal refraction
1
(B)
EITHER
angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
or angle of incidence is greater than 42°
2
OR
angle of incidence is 45°
1
[4]
M8.
(a)
(i)
Ignore arrows on rays
perpendicular rays goes straight in and out
other ray refracts towards normal (not along)
emerges parallel incident ray (by sight) if refraction correct (ignore reflections)
for 1 mark each
3
Page 19 of 22
(ii)
emergent angle marked Y if emerges parallel to right of normal
for 1 mark
1
(b)
straight ray to water surface refracts/bends
straight to eye/towards surface on right image correctly shown
or states the same mark prose only of diagram incomplete
any 3 for 1 mark each
3
[7]
M9.
(a)
1.59
accept an answer that rounds to this
allow 1 mark for correct substitution into correct equation
ie refractive index =
2
(b)
2 lines correctly drawn from the top of the pin through the lens
allow 1 mark for each
2
position of image correct
image must be upright
1
[5]
M10.
(a)
any two points:
do not credit features which are true of sound in general eg
longitudinal waves
•
humans cannot hear ultrasound
•
it has a very high frequency / pitch
do not credit just ‘has a high frequency / pitch’
•
above the (upper) limit for humans / above 20 000 Hz
2
(b)
(i)
ultrasound / waves are reflected
...are bounced is insufficient, but
...echo is acceptable
1
Pulse A indicates / is the crack
Pulse B indicates / is the back (of the block or crack)
need to mention both A and B to get this mark
1
Page 20 of 22
(ii)
90 (mm)
accept any answer in the range 88 – 92 (mm)
1
[5]
Page 21 of 22
Page 22 of 22