The State of The World's Refugees
in search of solutions
Published by Oxford University Press
© 1995 UNHCR
NHCR © 1995 UNHCR
Bibliography
Much of the data presented in this book is derived from unpublished reports and documents
prepared by UNHCR and other bodies within the UN system, as well as fact-finding missions to
refugee situations in different parts of the world. This bibliography, which is organized on a
chapter-by-chapter basis, identifies some of the most recent, useful and accessible literature on
refugee-related issues. Additional information and ideas on refugee problems can also be found
in the periodicals listed at the end of the bibilography.
Changing approaches to the refugee problem
Clapp, P, ‘The future of refugee policy’, In Defense of the Alien 1993, New York, 1993.
Coate, R (ed), US Policy and the Future of the United Nations, Twentieth Century Fund Press,
New York, 1994.
Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1995.
Ferris, E, Beyond Borders: Refugees, Migrants and Human Rights in the Post-Cold War Era,
World Council of Churches Publications, Geneva, 1993.
Frelick, B, ‘Preventing refugee flows: protection or peril?’, World Refugee Survey 1993, US
Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1993.
Journal of International Affairs, vol 47, no 2, 1994, special edition on ‘Refugees and international
population flows’.
Kjaerum, M, et al (eds), NGOs and Refugees: Reflections at the Turn of the Century, Danish
Centre for Human Rights, Copenhagen, 1993.
Loescher, G, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis, Oxford
University Press, New York, 1993.
Righter, R, Utopia Lost: the United Nations and World Order, Twentieth Century Fund, New York,
1994.
Roberts, A and Kingsbury, B (eds), United Nations, Divided World: the UN’s Roles in International
Relations, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994.
Rogers, R and Copeland, E, Forced Migration: Policy Issues in the Post-Cold War World,
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Medford, Massachusetts, 1993.
Shacknove, A, ‘From asylum to containment’, International Journal of Refugee Law, vol 5, no 4,
1993.
Suhrke, A, ‘A crisis diminished’, International Journal, vol 48, no 2, 1993.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The State of the World’s Refugees: the
Challenge of Protection, Penguin, London, 1993.
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, States of Disarray: the Social Effects
of Globalization, Geneva, 1995.
Protecting human rights
Akhavan, P, ‘Punishing war crimes in the former Yugoslavia: a critical juncture for the new world
order’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol 15, no 2, 1993.
Barutciski, M, ‘EU states and the refugee crisis in the former Yugoslavia’, Refuge, June-July
1994.
Brown Journal of World Affairs, vol 1, no 2, 1994, special edition on ‘Human rights and the
refugee dilemma’.
Carlsson, S (ed), The challenge of preventive diplomacy: the experience of the CSCE, Swedish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Stockholm, 1994.
Chimni, B, ‘The meaning of words and the role of UNHCR in voluntary repatriation’, International
Journal of Refugee Law, vol 5, no 3, 1993.
Clarance, B, ‘Protective structure, strategy and tactics: international protection in ethnic conflicts’,
International Journal of Refugee Law, vol 5, no 4, 1993.
Cohen, R, Refugees and Human Rights, Refugee Policy Group, Washington DC, 1995.
Deng, F, Protecting the Dispossessed: a Challenge for the International Community, Brookings
Institution, Washington DC, 1993.
Eide, A, Rosas, A and Meron, T, ‘Combating lawlessness in gray zone conflicts through minimum
humanitarian standards’, American Journal of International Law, vol 89, no 1, 1995.
Forsythe, D and Pease, K, ‘Human rights, humanitarian intervention and world politics’, Human
Rights Quarterly, vol 15, no 2, 1993.
Gibson, U and Niessen, J, The CSCE and the Protection of the Rights of Migrants, Refugees and
Minorities, Churches Committee on Migrants in Europe, Briefing Paper no 11, Brussels, 1993.
von Hebel, H, ‘An international tribunal for the former Yugoslavia: an act of powerlessness or a
new challenge for the international community’, Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol 11,
no 4, 1993.
Helton, A, ‘Refugees and human rights’, In Defense of the Alien 1994, New York, 1994.
Henkin, A (ed), Honoring Human Rights and Keeping the Peace: Lessons from El Salvador,
Cambodia and Haiti, The Aspen Institute, Washington DC, 1995.
Human Rights Watch, The Lost Agenda: Human Rights and the UN’s Field Operations, New
York, 1993.
Human Rights Watch, Playing the Communal Card: Communal Violence and Human Rights, New
York, 1995.
Human Rights Watch, Return to Tajikistan: Continued Regional and Ethnic Tensions, New York,
1995.
Jaeger, G, ‘The recent concept and policy of preventive protection’, Refugee Participation
Network, no 14, 1993.
Kjaerum, M, ‘Temporary protection in Europe in the 1990s’, International Journal of Refugee Law,
vol 6, no 3, 1994.
van Krieken, P, ‘Disintegration and statelessness’, Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol
12, no 1, 1994.
Kumin, J, ‘Asylum in Europe: sharing or shifting the burden?’, World Refugee Survey 1995, US
Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1995.
Lambrecht, K, The Return of the Rohingya Refugees to Burma: Voluntary Repatriation or
Refoulement?, US Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1995.
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Protection by Presence? The Limits of United Nations
Safekeeping Activities in Croatia, New York, 1993.
Meron, T, ‘The case for war crimes trials in Yugoslavia’, American Journal of International Law,
vol 89, no 1, 1995.
Nicolaus, P, ‘UNHCR’s protection role in Sri Lanka’, AWR-Bulletin, vol 32 (41), no 1-2, 1994.
Reoch, R, Human Rights: the New Consensus, Regency Press (Humanity), London, 1994.
Rodley, N, To Loose the Bands of Wickedness: International Intervention in Defence of Human
Rights, Brassey’s, Oxford, 1994.
Stavropoulou, M, ‘The right not to be displaced’, American University Journal of International Law
and Policy, vol 9, no 3, 1994.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR’s Operational Experience with
Internally Displaced Persons, Geneva, 1994.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Sexual Violence Against Refugees: Guidelines
on Prevention and Response, Geneva, 1995.
Whitley, A, ‘Minorities and the stateless in Persian Gulf politics’, Survival, vol 35, no 4, 1993.
Keeping the peace
African Rights, Humanitarianism Unbound? Current Dilemmas Facing Multi-mandate Relief
Operations in Political Emergencies, Discussion Paper no 5, London, 1994.
Argent, T, The Usual People: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons from Sierra Leone, US
Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1995.
Betts, R, ‘The delusion of impartial intervention’, Foreign Affairs, vol 73, no 6, 1994.
Boutros-Ghali, B, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping, United Nations, New York, 1992.
Boutros-Ghali, B, ‘An agenda for peace: one year later’, Orbis, vol 37, no 3, 1993.
Berdal, M, ‘Fateful encounter: the United States and UN peacekeeping’, Survival, vol 36, no 1,
1994.
Brown, M (ed), Ethnic Conflict and International Security, Princeton University Press, Princeton,
1993.
Chang-Muy, F, ‘Sovereignty, human rights, displaced persons, intervention and UNHCR action’,
In Defense of the Alien 1994, New York, 1994.
Donini, A, ‘Beyond neutrality: on the compatability of military intervention and humanitarian
assistance, The Fletcher Forum, Summer/Fall 1995.
Duffield, M and Prendergast J, ‘Sovereignty and intervention after the cold war’, Middle East
Report, March-June 1994.
Jean, F (ed) Populations in Danger 1995, Médecins sans Frontières, London, 1995.
Hilsum, L, ‘Rwanda: settling scores’, Africa Report, May-June 1994.
International Institute for Strategic Studies, Strategic Survey: 1993-1994, Brassey’s, Letchworth
(UK), 1994.
Mazarr, M, ‘The military dilemmas of humanitarian intervention’, Security Dialogue, vol 24, no 2,
1993.
Mendiluce, J, ‘War and disaster in the former Yugoslavia: the limits of humanitarian action’, World
Refugee Survey 1994, US Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1994.
Minear, L and Weiss, T, Mercy Under Fire: War and the Global Humanitarian Community,
Westview Press, Boulder, 1995.
Palwankar, U, ‘Measures available to states for fulfilling their obligation to ensure respect for
international humanitarian law’, International Review of the Red Cross, no 298, 1994.
Scott, C, Humanitarian Action and Security in Liberia, 1989-1994, Thomas J Watson Institute for
International Studies, Occasional Paper no 20, Providence, Rhode Island, 1995.
Tishkov, V, Ethnic Conflict Management in the Former Soviet Union: Nationalities and Conflicting
Ethnicity in Post-Communist Russia, Conflict Management Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
1993.
de Waal, A and Omaar, R, ‘Can military intervention be humanitarian?’, Middle East Report,
March-June 1994.
United Nations Department of Public Information, United Nations Peacekeeping, United Nations,
New York, 1994.
Urquhart, B, ‘Who can police the world?’, New York Review of Books, 12 May 1994.
Utting, P, Between Hope and Insecurity: the Social Consequences of the Cambodian Peace
Process, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, 1994.
Warner, D (ed), New Dimensions of Peacekeeping, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1995.
World Bank, Demobilization and Reintegration of Military Personnel in Africa: the Evidence from
Seven Country Case Studies, Discussion Paper IDP-130, Africa Regional Series, Washington
DC, 1993.
Weiss, T, ‘Intervention: whither the United Nations?’, Washington Quarterly, vol 17, no 1, 1993.
Weiss, T, ‘New challenges for UN military operations: implementing An Agenda for Peace’,
Washington Quarterly, vol 16, no 1, 1993.
Weiss, T and Minear, L (eds), Humanitarianism Across Borders: Sustaining Civilians in Times of
War, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, 1993.
Promoting development
Adelman, H and Sorensen, J (eds), African Refugees: Development Aid and Repatriation,
Westview Press, New York, 1994.
Bangura, Y, Economic Restructuring, Coping Strategies and Social Change: Implications for
Institutional Development in Africa, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,
Discussion Paper no 52, Geneva, 1994.
Black, R, ‘Environmental change in refugee-affected areas of the Third World: the role of policy
and research’, Disasters, vol 18, no 2, 1994.
Black, R, ‘Refugee migration and local economic development in Eastern Zambia’, Journal of
Economic and Social Geography, vol 85, no 3, 1994.
Boutros-Ghali, B, An Agenda for Development, United Nations, New York, 1994.
Callamard, A, ‘Refugees and local hosts: a study of the trading interactions between Mozambican
refugees and Malawian villagers in the district of Mwanza’, Journal of Refugee Studies, vol 7, no
1, 1994.
Ghai, D (ed), The IMF and the South, Zed Books, London, 1991.
Gorman, R, Refugee Aid and Development: Theory and Practice, Greenwood Press, Westport,
Connecticut, 1993.
Jacobsen, K, The Impact of Refugees on the Environment: a Review of the Evidence, Refugee
Policy Group, Washington DC, 1994.
Kibreab, G, State of the Art Review of Refugee Studies in Africa, Uppsala Papers in Economic
History, Uppsala University, 1991.
Kibreab, G, ‘The myth of dependency among camp refugees in Somalia, 1979-1989’, Journal of
Refugee Studies, vol 6, no 4, 1993.
Larkin, M et al (eds), Repatriation Under Conflict in Central America, Georgetown University,
Washington DC, 1991.
Morsink, H and Allen, T (eds), When Refugees Go Home: African Experiences, James Currey,
London, 1994.
Robinson, C, Something Like Home Again: the Repatriation of Cambodian Refugees, US
Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1994.
Stein, B and Cuny, F, ‘Refugee repatriation during conflict: protection and post-return assistance’,
Development in Practice, vol 4, no 1, 1994.
Swedish Committee for Afghanistan, Agricultural Survey of Afghanistan: Repatriation and
Rehabilitation of Afghan Refugees, Peshawar, 1993.
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1994, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1994.
United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, World
Economic and Social Survey 1995, United Nations, New York, 1995.
Weiss-Fagen, P, ‘Peace in Central America: Transition for the Uprooted, World Refugee Survey
1993, US Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1993.
World Bank, The Development Data Book: a Guide to Social and Economic Statistics,
Washington DC, 1995.
Managing migration
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no 534, 1994, special edition on
‘Strategies for immigration control: an international comparison’.
Ascencio, D, Unauthorized Migration: an Economic Development Response, US Commission for
the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development, US Government
Printing Office, Washington DC, 1990.
Bohning, W and Schloeter-Paredes, M (eds), Aid in Place of Migration?, International Labour
Office, Geneva, 1994.
Castles, S and Miller, M, The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the
Modern World, Macmillan, London, 1993.
Clapp, P, ‘The new administration’s policies on refugees and migration’, In Defense of the Alien
1994, New York, 1994.
Cohen, R, Frontiers of Identity: the British and the Others, Longman, Harlow (UK) 1994.
Cohen, R (ed), Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1995.
Coleman, D, ‘Does Europe need immigrants? Population and work force projections’,
International Migration Review, vol 26, no 2, 1992.
Collinson, S, Europe and International Migration, Pinter Publishers, London, 1993.
Ferris, E, ‘The politics of containment: asylum in Europe and its global implications’, World
Refugee Survey 1994, US Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, 1994.
Frelick, B, ‘Safe haven: safe for whom?’, World Refugee Survey 1995, US Committee for
Refugees, Washington DC, 1995.
Gould, W and Findlay, A (eds), Population, Migration and the Changing World Order, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1994.
Hamilton, K (ed), Migration and the New Europe, Center for Strategic and International Studies,
Washington DC, 1994.
Harder, P, ‘Migration: a new international dimension’, International Journal of Refugee Law, vol 5,
no 1, 1993.
Henderson, D, ‘International migration: appraising current policies’, International Affairs, vol 70,
no 1, 1994.
International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration and United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees, Migrants, Refugees and International Cooperation, Geneva,
1994.
Macura, M and Coleman, D (eds), International Migration: Regional Processes and Responses,
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and United Nations Population Fund,
Economic Studies no 7, New York, 1994.
Meissner, D, ‘Managing migrations’, Foreign Policy, no 86, 1992.
Meissner, D et al., International Migration Challenges in a New Era, The Trilateral Commission,
New York, 1993.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, The Changing Course of International
Migration, Paris, 1993.
Salt, J, ‘The future of international labor migration’, International Migration Review, vol 26, no 4,
1992.
Smith, P, ‘The strategic implications of Chinese emigration’, Survival, vol 36, no 2, 1994.
Stalker, P, The Work of Strangers: a Survey of International Labour Migration, International
Labour Office, Geneva, 1994.
Straubhaar, T, and Zimmerman, K, ‘Towards a European migration policy’, Population Research
and Policy Review, vol 12, no 3, 1993.
Suhrke, A, ‘Safeguarding the institution of asylum’, Population Distribution and Migration,
Population Division, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, United
Nations, New York, 1994.
United Nations Population Fund, The State of World Population 1993: the Individual and the
World: Population, Migration and Development in the 1990s, New York, 1993.
Van Hear, N, Migration, Displacement and Social Integration, United Nations Research Institute
for Social Development, Occasional Paper no 9, Geneva, 1994.
Virtue, P, ‘Refugee protection in the context of Haiti’, In Defense of the Alien 1994, New York,
1994.
Weiner, M (ed), International Migration and Security, Westview Press, Boulder, 1993.
Weiner, M, The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and to Human Rights, Harper
Collins, New York, 1995.
Periodicals
In Defense of the Alien, published annually by the Center for Migration Studies, New York.
International Journal of Refugee Law, published quarterly by Oxford University Press.
International Migration, published quarterly by the International Organization for Migration,
Geneva.
International Migration Review, published quarterly by the Center for Migration Studies, New
York.
Journal of Refugee Studies, published quarterly by Oxford University Press.
Populations of Concern to UNHCR: a Statistical Overview, published annually by the UNHCR
Food and Statistical Unit, Geneva.
Refuge, published six times a year by the Centre for Refugee Studies, York, Ontario.
Refugees, published three times a year by the UNHCR Public Information Service, Geneva.
Refugee Survey Quarterly, published quarterly by the UNHCR Centre for Documentation on
Refugees, Geneva.
World Disaster Report, published annually by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies, Geneva.
World Refugee Survey, published annually by the US Committee for Refugees, Washington DC.