5.5 classification
the organization of the living world
Linnaeus
!  
!  
!  
!  
Carl von Linné (Linnaeus) was an 18th
Century botanist and zoologist
he devised a system of classifying organisms
the system was adopted by the scientific
community worldwide....
....and is still in use today.
basis for organization
!  
!  
Linnaean classification involves a hierarchical
structure
the levels (taxa) are based on morphological
similarities between organisms
the hierarchy of taxa
!  
kingdom
!  
phylum
!  
class
!  
order
!  
family
!  
genus
!  
species
general
specific
human classification
!  
kingdom: Animalia
!  
phylum: Chordata
!  
class: Mammalia
!  
order: Primate
!  
family: Hominidae
!  
genus: Homo
!  
species: sapiens
a typical human
the binomial system
!  
Homo sapiens
!  
Parus major
!  
Pan troglodytes
!  
Bombina bombina
!  
Rubus arcticus
!  
Thermus aquaticus
Major Animal Phyla
!  
porifera: sponges
!  
cnidaria: jellyfish and sea anemones
!  
platyhelminthes: flatworms
!  
annelida: segmented worms
!  
mollusca: snails, slugs, squid, octopus
!  
arthropoda: crustaceans, insects, arachnids
Porifera
!  
no clear symmetry
!  
attached to a surface
!  
pores throughout the body
!  
no mouth
!  
no anus
cnidaria
!  
radially symmetric
!  
tentacles
!  
stinging cells
!  
mouth
!  
no anus
platyhelminthes
!  
bilaterally symmetric
!  
flat body
!  
unsegmented
!  
mouth
!  
no anus
annelida
!  
bilaterally symmetric
!  
bristles often present
!  
segmented
!  
mouth
!  
anus
mollusca
!  
muscular foot
!  
shell usually present
!  
segmentation is not visible
!  
mouth
!  
anus
arthropoda
!  
bilaterally symmetric
!  
exoskeleton
!  
segmented
!  
jointed appendages
Major plant phyla
!  
bryophyta: mosses
!  
filicinophyta: ferns
!  
coniferophyta: conifers
!  
angiospermophyta: flowering plants
bryophyta
!  
no roots
!  
rhizoids
!  
simple leaves and stems
!  
spores
filicinophyta
!  
roots
!  
leaves
!  
short, non-woody stems
!  
pinnate
!  
spores
coniferophyta
!  
roots
!  
leaves
!  
woody stems
!  
narrow leaves with waxy cuticle
!  
seeds in cones
angiospermophyta
!  
roots
!  
leaves
!  
woody stems
!  
seeds in fruit
IB requirements
!  
list the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa
!  
outline the binomial system
!  
give the full classification of two organisms
!  
distinguish between the 4 plant phyla
!  
distinguish between the 6 animal phyla