Developments on the Implementation
of CCS in Japan
Shigeo Murai
RITE
CCS Workshop 2007 in Tokyo
19th November 2007
Japan
①
Image of CO2 Geological Storage
separation / capture
transport
injection
injection from
offshore platform
separation / capture
injection from
land based facility
pipeline
transport
pipeline
transport
large emission
source
impermeable layer
impermeable layer
CO2
CO2
onshore aquifer
offshore aquifer
microscopic photo
of aquifer rock:
CO2 will fill
the pore space
②
Nagaoka Project (FY2000～FY2007)
CO2 storage tank
CO2 injection pump
Control Room
Evaporator
Nagaoka
CO2 injection well
③
Nagaoka Pilot Test
[Pilot test overview]
[Well configuration]
CO2 injection period
Jul. 2003 to Jan. 2005
CO2 injected amount
about 10,400 t-CO2
Observation well 4
Logging
60 m
CO2 injection rate
20 to 40 t-CO2/day
CO2 source
purchased commercial CO2
Monitoring
well logging, crosswell seismic
tomography, microseismicity,
formation water sampling, etc.
[CO2 monitoring by crosswell
seismic tomography]
Observation well 3
Logging
120 m
Injection well 1
mography
seismic to
ll
e
w
s
s
ro
C
[Outline of injection experiment ]
CO2 storage tank
Injection well
Observation well
Observation well 2
40 m
Logging
Evaporator
Pump
Transport
tanker lorry
Caｐ rock：
about 140 m
Depth：about 1,100 m
Cap rock
Saline aquifer：
about 60 m
Saline aquifer
CO2
Injection layer ：
about 12 m
CO2
Inclination ：１５°
④
Engineering study of supposed site for CCS
offgas
(return to steel-making process)
distance 80kｍ
29 anomalous points
CO2
CO2
BFG Recovery plant
(Blast furnace gas)
steel works
Compressor
Injection well
Pipeline
Oil refinery hydrogen production
plant
Hydrogen
(product)
distance 1.4kｍ
（～Site A）
Technical gaps
①cost reduction
②space
③influence to existing business
・production plan
・environmental regulation
・warranty for long time
operation
④high pressurized pipe line
⑤measure for safety
⑥pre-evaluation
⑦monitoring under sea bed
storage site A
storage site B
Compressor
Injection well
oil refinery
power plant
exhaust gas
power plant
Offgas
(return to chimney)
distance 11kｍ
（～Site A）
2 anomalous points
distance 8kｍ
（～Site B）
7 anomalous points
⑤
Main Emission Sources and Reservoirs
Storage
Capacity
(Bton-CO2)
Type
Total
A
30
B
116
＜Source : RITE/ENAA, ‘Report on Development of Carbon
Dioxide Geological Storage’, 2006. (in Japanese) ＞
Structure
146
5.2Bton-CO2
closure identified by seismic
(not storage sites due to
Not available depth and lithology limitations)
2.1Bton-CO2
CO2 Emissions
Total ：539 Mt-CO2/yr
Number of sources ：161
average ：3.3 Mt-CO2/yr/source
max ：24 Mt-CO2/yr/source
B-1
natural gas field
27.5Bton-CO2
Tohoku
（Japan Sea side）
〔Power 24〕
Seto Inland Sea
Northeastern
Kyushu
aquifer with drillhole data
〔Power 34,
Iron & Steel 41〕
〔Power 11、
Iron & Steel 22〕
86
Chubu
(Japan Sea side）
〔Power 10〕
22
Hokkaido
24
〔Power 15
Iron & Steel 3〕
10
Southern Tohoku
35 （Pacific side）
55
Northwestern
Kyushu
〔Power 35〕
〔Power 25〕
33
25
50
Osaka Bay
〔Power 31
Iron & Steel19〕
63
Ise Bay
〔Power 49
Iron & Steel 11〕
106
Kanto
（Pacific side）
〔Power 20
Iron & Steel 13〕
Tokyo Bay
〔Power 72
Iron & Steel 32〕
〔Scale〕
200km
⑥
Present Cost of CCS （coal fired power plant）
recovery amount:1Mt-CO2/yr、 distance:20km、pressure:7MPa
injection method：ERD、 injection amount ：0.1Mt-CO2/yr/well
Power loss for extraction steam
from low pressure turbine: 0.05kWh/MJ
New plant
coal
石炭fired
火力新plant
設～帯水層
to aquifer
NET storage
＝670/1000
５８％
分
離回収
Separation
昇
圧
Pressurization
輸
送
Transportation
貯
留
Injection
収入
Existing plant
６３％
石Existing
炭火力既設改造～帯水層
coal fired plant
to aquifer
0
2,000
4,000
NET storage
＝502/1000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
avoided
cost
JPY/t-CO2
アボ
イデッドコス
ト　円/t-CO2
Upgrading desulfurization facilities
&
Auxiliary coal fired boiler
Capture cost
4,200JPY/t-CO2
CCS total cost
7,300JPY/t-CO2
⑦
Emission Source and Capture Technologies of CO2
Power plant
Cement plant
Steel works
Chemical plant
Source
amount CO２ /y
0.３７Bton-CO2
Concentartion of CO２
Concentartion of SO２
0.03Bton-CO2
about 20%
7%-14%
0-10ppm
3ppm
0.18Bton-CO2
0.01Bton-CO2
about 25%
30-50%
50ppm
0ppm
ＣＯ２濃度
Separation
&
Capture Absorption
Storage
地中貯留
AbsorptionMembrane Hybrid
Geological
Membrane
Separation
Ocean
Adsorption
⑧
Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (１)
・Development of the technologies for cost reduction
・Reduction of CCS system cost
・Monitoring technology
・Model simulation of CO2 behavior
・Innovative technology of capture and separation
・Promotion of the large-scale demonstration project
・Run the large-scale demonstration project
・CO2 capture from the large scale emission source
・ Evaluation of high-efficiency CO2 capture technologies
・ Effective use of Early Opportunities
・ Exploitation of R&D infrastructures for the implementation
・Academic, business and governmental cooperation
<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.>
⑨
Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (2)
・Development of the domestic system for CCS
・Promotion for the survey of CO2 storage potential
・Scheme for the verification of stored CO2 amount
・Amendment of Marine Pollution Prevention Law
・Confidence Building and Public Acceptance
・Frameworks of the financial supports
・Development of the International standard for CCS
・Effectuation of IPCC Inventory Guideline
・Promotion of the international cooperation for CCS
・Development and accumulation of CCS technology
・ Building of the frameworks for post Kyoto protocol
<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.>
⑩
Roadmap of CO2 Capture and Geological Storage in Japan
2007
2020～
・CCS will get into full swing in the world
Milestone
・IGCC will be in practical use
・Capture cost is
4,200JPY/t-CO2
CO2 Capture
Technology
・Capture cost will be expected to be comparable to ET price
Target: 1,000JPY/t-CO2 for 1Mt-CO2/y
・Expansion of application area
→・Cost reduction → ・low-cost separation process→
→・High-selectivity membrane → ・CR and scale-up →
→・Basic research of new technology → ・application →
COCS* project
2004～2008FY
Membrane** project
2006～2010FY
・CCS total cost is
7,300JPY/t-CO2
CO2 Storage
Technology
COURSE*** project
2008～2012FY
・Start of large-scale
CO2 storage
・Pilot test of CO2 injection (10Kt-CO2)
→・Study on trap mechanism and CO2 behavior
→
→・Improve efficiency and cost of CCS system
→
→・Management technology of stored CO2
→
→・Technique for environmental assess. and safety →
→・Field study of storage potential and it’s exploitation →
→・Analysis of pilot test → Test of CCS process
→
・Basic study → Full-scale demonstration project →
Nagaoka* project
2004～2012FY
→・Seeking lower cost
* Cost Saving CO2 Capture System
** Molecular Gate Membrane
*** CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steel
making process for cool Earth
・Expansion of
CCS implementation
→・Increasing use of CCS
→・Seeking lower cost
* CO2 geological storage technology
** Exploitation of coal gasification technology
FutureGen** project
2007～2011FY
< with reference to METI’s roadmap of strategy for technology development, 2007 >
⑪
財団法人 地球環境産業技術研究機
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth
URL：http://www.rite.or.jp
⑫