Chemical resistance of high and low density polyethylene Based on an evaluation carried out on pipes and fittings (Reference : technical report ISO/TR 7474 : 1981) Introduction The table in this document summarizes data, obtained from both practical experience and laboratory test results, on the chemical resistance performance of both high and low density polyethylene. The evaluation is based on values obtained by immersion of the polyethylene test specimens in the relevant fluid at 20 °C and 60 °C (and atmospheric pressure) followed by the determination of tensile characteristics. A “standardized” classification has been adopted in many countries which is explained below. Standardization Utilization This document suggests a preliminary classification for the chemical resistance of high and low density polyethylene. It should be used only as a general guideline on the possible use of these substances in contact with the polyethylene, based on a) temperatures of 20 °C and 60 °C b) the absence of internal pressure and external mechanical stress c) good part manufacturing principles and procedures Definitions The following symbols and abbreviations have been used in this document : S = satisfactory L = limited NS = not satisfactory Sat. sol. = saturated aqueous solution, prepared at 20 °C Sol. = aqueous solution at a concentration higher than 10%, but not saturated Dil. sol. = dilute aqueous solution at a concentration equal to, or lower than, 10% Work sol. = aqueous solution having the usual concentration for industrial use Where solution concentrations are given in the table, they are expressed as a percentage by mass. Polyethylene Packaging Information As explained, this document is only a guideline. The packaging of substances within polyethylene is actually dependent on many factors. For example : a) chemical resistance of polyethylene b) permeation rate of the substance through polyethylene c) stress cracking nature of the substance d) effect of oxidation on the substance e) change in internal pressure due to the generation of gases from the substance, especially at higher temperatures f) container size, design, shape and wall thickness. Polyethylene is basically an inert plastic and is not subject to attack by most chemicals. However, those substances that do attack the polyethylene, may still be “packageable” under certain conditions. In general terms, high density polyethylene is more chemical resistant than low density. ICO Polymers Kringlekärrsvägen 7 S-444 40 Stenungsund, Sweden Fax: +46.(0)303.800 82 Tel: +46.(0)303.800 82 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF LOW AND HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE, NOT SUBJECTED TO MECHANICAL STRESS, TO VARIOUS FLUIDS AT 20 AND 60 C CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT acetaldehyde acetanilide acetic acid acetic acid acetic acid, glacial acetic anhydride acetone acrylnitrile acetylsilicacid adipic acid after shave aliphatic hydrocarbons allyl acetate allyl alcohol allyl alcohol allyl alcohol allyl chloride aluminium chloride aluminium fluoride aluminium hydroxide aluminium nitrate aluminium oxychloride al/potassium sulphate aluminium sulphate alums aminobenzoic acid ammonia, dry gas ammonia, liquid ammonia, aqueous ammonium acetate ammonium carbonate ammonium chloride ammonium fluoride ammonium hexafluoro silicate ammonium hydrogen carbonate ammonium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide ammonium metaphosphate ammonium nitrate ammonium oxalate ammonium phosphate ammonium persulphate ammonium sulphate ammonium sulphide ammonium thiocyanate amyl acetate amyl alcohol amyl chloride amyl phthalate Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION 100% 10% 60% > 96 % 100% 100% sat sol 100% 96% 100% LDPE 60 NS S S L L L S S S NS L S L S L NS NS NS S S S NS NS L NS L L S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS L NS L sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol 100% 100% dil sol sat sol sat sol sol sat sol sat sol 10% 30% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 100% Page 1 HDPE 20 L NS NS S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS L NS L 20 S S S S S S L S S S NS L S 60 L S S S L L L S S S NS L L S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L L S L CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT aniline anilinchlorohydrate antimony III chloride antimony III chloride antimony trichloride apple juice aqua regia aromatic hydrocarbons arsenic acid asorbic acid barium bromide barium carbonate barium chloride barium hydroxide barium sulphate barium sulphide beer benzaldehyde benzene benzoic acid benzoylchloride benzyl alcohol benzylsulphonic acid bismuth carbonate bitumen bleach lye borax boric acid boron trifluoride brake fluid brine bromine, dry gas bromine, liquid bromoform butandiol butandiol butandiol butane, gas butanol butter butyl acetate butyl alcohol butyl chloride butylene glycol butylene glycol butylene glycol butyraldehyde butyric acid calcium arsenate calcium benzoate calcium bisulphide calcium bromate Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION 100% 90% sat sol sol sol (HC1/HN03=3/1) sat sol 10% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 100% 100% sat sol 10% sat sol 10% sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 100% 10% 60% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 10% 60% 100% 100% 10% Page 2 LDPE HDPE 20 NS L 60 NS S S S S NS NS S S S S S S S S S L NS S S S S S S S S S S L S NS NS NS S S S NS NS S S S S S S S S S NS NS S L L S S L S S S S NS S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S L S L S S S S L S S S S L S S S S 20 S 60 L S S S S NS NS S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S L S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS NS S S S S S S S S S L L S L S S S S S S S S NS S NS NS NS S S S S S S L S S S S L L S S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT calcium bromide calcium carbonate calcium chlorate calcium chloride calcium chromate calcium cyanide calcium hydrosulphide calcium hydroxide calcium hypochloride calcium nitrate calcium oxide calcium perchlorate calcium permanganate calcium persulphate calcium sulphate calcium sulphide camphor oil carbon dioxide, dry gas carbon dioxide, wet carbon disulphide carbonic acid carbon monoxide carbon tetrachloride Castor oil chlorine, dry gas chlorine water chlorine, aqueous chloroacetic acid chlorobenzene chloroethanol chloroform chlorometane, gas chloropropene chlorosulphonic acid chlorotoluene chrome alum chromic acid chromic acid chromic acid chromium VI oxide Cider citric acid citric acid citric acid coconut oil, alcoholic coffee copper II chloride copper II cyanide copper II fluoride copper II fluoride copper II nitrate copper II sulphate Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 40% sol sat sol sol sat sol sat sol 1% 20% sol sat sol dil sol LDPE HDPE 20 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 60 S S S S S S S S S S S NS NS S NS S S NS S NS L NS S NS S S NS S NS L NS NS S NS L NS NS NS S S NS S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 100% 100% 100% 100% conc 100% 2% sat sol sat sol sol 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% sol sat sol 20% 50% sat sol sat sol 10% 25% sat sol sat sol 2% sat sol sat sol sat sol Page 3 20 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L L S S L S S L S L S L S NS S NS L L NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 60 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L L S S NS S S NS S NS S NS S NS S NS NS NS S S L L S S S S S S S S S S S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT corn oil cottonseed oil cresylic acid crotonaldehyde cyclanone cyclohexane cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanone decahydronaphthalene decane decalin detergents, synthetic developers, photographic dextrin dextose diacetone alcohol diazo salts dibutyl amine dibutyl ether dibutylphthalate dichlorobenzene dichloroethylene dichloropropylene diesel oil diethyl ether diethyl ketone diethylene glycol diglycolic acid diisobutylketone dimethyl amine dimethylformamid dioctyl phthalate dioxan dipentene disodium phosphate Drano, plumbing cleaner emulsions, photographic ethandiol ethanol ethanol ethyl acetate ethyl acrylate ethyl alcohol ethyl alcohol ethyl benzene ethyl chloride ethylene chloride ethylene diamine ethyl ether ethylene glycol ethyl mercaptan Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION sat sol sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 100% LDPE HDPE 20 S S 60 S S 20 S S L 60 S S L S NS L S NS NS S NS S NS NS L NS NS NS NS S S S S L S NS NS L NS NS NS S NS L S S S NS S L S S L S NS NS L NS NS NS NS NS NS S S L NS L NS S S S L S S S S S L S L L S NS NS NS S L L S S S S L L NS L S S S S L S NS NS S S S S S L L NS S S NS NS NS S NS S NS NS S S S S L L NS NS S S NS NS NS L NS S NS 100% work conc sol sol 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 40% 96% 100% 100% 35% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Page 4 L NS NS NS L L S S L S S S NS S S S S S S L S NS S S S S L L L S S NS NS NS S NS S NS NS NS S S NS NS NS S NS S NS CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT ferric chloride ferric nitrate ferric sulphate ferrous chloride ferrous sulphate fish solubles fluoroboric acid fluorine gas fluorine gas, dry fluorine gas, wet fluorosilicic acid fluorosilicic acid formaldehyde formic acid formic acid fructose fruit pulp furfural furfuryl alcohol gallic acid gasoline, petrol gelatine glucose glycerine glycerol glycolic acid glycolic acid n-heptane hexachlorobenzene hexachlorophene hexamethylenetriamine hexane hexanol, tertiary hydrobromic acid hydrobromic acid hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid hydrochlorous acid hydrocyanic acid hydrocyanic acid hydrofluoric acid hydrofluoric acid hydrogen hydrogen chloride, dry gas hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide hydrogen sulphide, gas hydroquinone hydroxylamine inks iodine, in potassium sol iodine, in alcohol Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol 100% 100% 100% 40% conc 40% 40% 98 to 100 % sat sol sol 100% 100% sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 30% sol 100% 40% 50% up to 100 % up to 36 % conc conc 10% sat sol 40% 60% 100% 30% 90% 100% sat sol up to 12 % Page 5 LDPE HDPE 20 S S S S S S S L NS NS S S S S S S S NS L S L S S S S S 60 S S S S S S S NS NS NS S L S S S S S NS NS S NS S S S S L NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS NS NS NS L S S S S S S S S S L S S L NS S S S S NS NS 20 S S S S S S S NS NS NS S S S S S S S NS S S L S S S S 60 S S S S S S S NS NS NS S L S S S S S NS L S L S S S S S L S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS NS S NS L L L S S S S S S S S S L S S S NS S S S S NS NS CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT iron II chloride iron II sulphate iron III chloride iron III nitrate iron III sulphate iso octane iso pentane isopropanol iso propyl amine isopropyl ether kerosene lactic acid lactic acid lactic acid latex lead acetate lead acetate lead arsenate lubricating oil lysol magnesium carbonate magnesium chloride magnesium hydroxide magnesium nitrate magnesium sulphate maleic acid mercury mercury I nitrate mercury II chloride mercury II cyanide mercury methyl alcohol methanol methyl benzoic acid methyl bromide methyl chloride methylcyclohexane methyl ethyl ketone methylene chloride methoxybutanol milk milk of magnesia mineral oils molasses motor oil naphtha naphthalene nickel chloride nickel nitrate nickel sulphate nicotine nicotinic acid Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION sat sol sat sol sat sol sol sat sol 100% 100% 10% 28% up to 100 % dil sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 100% sat sol 100% 100% LDPE HDPE 20 S S S S S S NS S NS L NS S S S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS NS NS L 60 S S S S S NS NS S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S S L L NS NS NS NS NS S S S L S S L NS S S S S L NS L S L NS S L NS NS S S S S L 100% 100% work conc sat sol sat sol sat sol dil dil sol Page 6 20 S S S S S S NS S NS S NS S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS NS L S NS S S S S S S L L S S S S S 60 S S S S S L NS S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS NS NS L NS L S L L S S NS S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT nitric acid nitric acid nitric acid nitric acid nitric acid nitrobenzene nitroethane nitromethane nitrotoluene n-octane octyl alcohol oils and fats oleic acid oleum (H2SO4 + 10% SO3) oleum (H2SO4 + 50% SO3) olive oil orthophosphoric acid orthophosphoric acid oxalic acid oxygen ozone paraffin oil n-pentane pentane-2 perchloroethylene perchloric acid perchloric acid perchloric acid phenol phosphine phosphoric acid phosphoric acid phosphoric III chloride phosphorous II chloride phosphorous pentoxide phosphorous trichloride photographic solutions phtalic acid picric acid plating solutions pluming cleaner, Drano potassium acetate potassium aluminium sulphate potassium benzoate potassium bicarbonate potassium borate potassium bromate potassium bromide potassium carbonate potassium chlorate potassium chloride potassium chromate Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION 25% 50% 70% 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% 95% sat sol 100% 100% 20% 50% 70% sol 100% up to 25 % 25 to 50 % 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol Page 7 LDPE HDPE 20 S S S NS NS NS S S NS S S L L NS NS S S S S S NS S NS NS NS S S S L S S S S 60 S L L NS NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS S NS NS NS NS NS NS S L S NS L NS NS NS S L NS NS S S S L 20 S S S NS NS NS S S NS S S S S NS NS S S S S S L S NS NS NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 60 S L L NS NS NS NS NS S NS L S NS NS NS S L S L NS S NS NS NS S L NS S S S S L L S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT potassium cyanide potassium dichromate potassium fluoride potassium hexacyano - ferrate II - ferrate III potassium hexafluoro silicate potassium hydrogen carbonate potassium hydrogen sulphate potassium hydrogen sulphide potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide potassium hypochlorite potassium iodate potassium iodide potassium nitrate potassium orthophosphate potassium oxalate potassium perchlorate potassium permanganate potassium persulphate potassium phosphate potassium sulphate potassium sulphide potassium sulphite potassium thiocyanate potassium thiosulphate propargyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol propionic acid propionic acid propylene dichloride propylene glycol pyridine quinol resorcinol salicylic acid sea water selenic acid silicon oil silver acetate silver cyanide silver nitrate soap solution sodium acetate sodium antimonate sodium arsenite sodium benzoate sodium bicarbonate sodium bisulphate sodium bisulphite sodium borate Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol 10% sol sol 10% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 20% sat sol sat sol sat sol sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 50% 100% 100% 100% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol 100% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol Page 8 LDPE HDPE 20 S S S 60 S S S 20 S S S 60 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS S L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT sodium bromide sodium carbonate sodium chlorate sodium chloride sodium chlorite sodium cyanide sodium dichromate sodium fluoride sodium hexacyano - ferrate II - ferrate III sodium hexafluoro silicate sod hydrogen carbonate sod hydrogen sulphate sod hydrogen sulphite sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide sodium hypochloride sodium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite sodium iodate sodium iodide sodium nitrate sodium nitrite sodium ortophosphate sodium oxalate sodium phosphate sodium silicate sodium sulphate sodium sulphide sodium sulphite sodium thiocyanate stannic chloride stannous chloride starch solution stearic acid styrene sulphur dioxide, dry sulphur trioxide sulphur acid sulphuric acid sulphuric acid sulphuric acid sulphuric acid sulphuric acid sulphuric acid, fuming sulphurous acid sulphurous acid tallow tannic acid tartaric acid tartaric acid Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION LDPE 20 S S S S L S S S sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol 40% sol 15% available C1 10% sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sol 100% 100% 10 to 50 % 10% 50% 70% 80% 98% 30% sol sol sat sol sol Page 9 HDPE 60 S S S S 20 S S S S 60 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S NS S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L S NS S S S S S L NS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L NS S NS S S S L NS NS NS S S L S S NS S NS S S S L NS NS NS S S L S S S CHEMICAL OR PRODUCT tetrachloroethylene tetrachloromethane tetradecane tetrahydrofuran tetrahydronaphthalene thionyl chloride tin II chloride tin IV chloride tin IV chloride titanium tetrachloride toluene tribromomethane trichloroacetaldehyde trichlorobenzene trichloroethylene triethanolamine triethanolamine triethylene glycol trisodium phosphate turpentine urea urea urine vanilla extract vaseline vegetable oils vinegar water wetting agents wines and spirits xylene yeast zinc bromide zinc carbonate zinc chloride zinc nitrate zinc oxide zinc stearate zinc sulphate o-zylene p-zylene Chemical Resistance PE CONCENTRATION 100% 100% 100% 100% sat sol sol sat sol sat sol 100% 100% 100% sol sat sol up to 30 % sol 100% sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol sat sol Page 10 LDPE HDPE 20 NS NS NS NS L NS S S 60 NS NS NS NS NS NS S S NS NS NS S NS NS S NS NS NS NS NS S S NS S S S S S S S S S S NS S S S S NS S S S S L L S S S S NS S S S S S S S NS NS S S S S S NS NS 20 NS L NS NS S NS S S S NS L NS S 60 NS NS NS NS L NS S S S NS NS NS NS S S S S NS S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S S S NS NS NS L S S NS S S S S S S S S S S NS S S S S S S S S NS NS
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