Lesson 29: Practice Read the passage from the nonfiction book Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor. Then answer questions 1 through 5. LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP Passage from Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor by Jean Marshall The Clicker 1 2 LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET 4 LEVEL L 3 Karen wanted to share what she knew about training animals. So she wrote a book about her work with the dolphins. Many people around the world read her book. Dog trainers wrote to Karen. They asked her to teach them how to train their dogs with praise. Horse trainers and zookeepers wanted to learn, too. Karen went to dog shows, zoos, and animal shelters. She spoke to big groups of people. She showed them how to use a clicker as a signal and when to give treats. A clicker is easier to use than a whistle. When you press a clicker, it makes a clicking sound. Animals learn to listen for the click. Click and Treat 5 6 7 8 Now Karen gives a clicker to every animal trainer she meets. “Click and treat,” she says. It does not matter if the animal is a dog or a horse. It could be a cat or a bird. Karen Pryor knows how animals learn. She teaches people that praise works better than punishment. Because of her work, people all over the world now click and treat to reward their animals for jobs well done. Reading Comprehension Now answer questions 1 through 5 by filling in the circle next to the best answer. 1. Read these sentences from paragraph 8 of the passage. She teaches people that praise works better than punishment. Because of her work, people all over the world now click and treat to reward their animals for jobs well done. The meaning of praise is A harsh words. B funny words. C words that tell a story. D words that show a high opinion. © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet 3 2. What is the suffix in easier? LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET A eas B ease C easy D er 3. The subject of Karen Pryor’s book was her work with A dogs. B horses. C dolphins. D all of the above. LEVEL L 4. What can you tell from the fact that many people asked Karen Pryor to teach LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP them about training animals? A Karen Pryor is famous. B Animals seem to like Karen Pryor. C Many people want to train animals with praise rather than punishment. D Most people believe punishment is an important part of training an animal. 5. Which phrase identifies the way the author presents information in paragraphs 1–3? 4 A time order B facts and opinions C order of importance D problem and solution RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission Lesson 29: On Your Own Read the abridged version of the nonfiction book Remya Jose’s Great Idea. Then answer questions 1 through 15. LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29 Abridged version of How an Electric Washing Machine Works Remya Jose’s Great Idea by Sunita Apte 1 2 3 Remya Jose wished for a washing machine. She knew it was impossible. Washing machines were expensive. Her family couldn’t afford one. Besides, washing machines needed electricity to run. In Remya’s village in India, often the power was out. Remya and her twin sister rode two hours to school on the bus. Then, they rode two hours home. After that, they had to work. The girls cooked dinner and cleaned the house. Their parents were ill, so the girls did it all themselves. They were age fourteen. Laundry was the biggest chore. The girls washed clothes by hand. This took hours. Remya knew there must be a better way. Then, she had a great idea. Remya loved solving problems and designing things. She thought, “Could I design a washing machine that doesn’t need electricity? Then, anyone in any village could use it!” 1. Clothes and soap are put into a drum. 2. Hoses fill the drum with water. 3. Electricity turns the agitator. The clothes move around in the soapy water, and the dirt is forced out. 4. A hose drains the soapy water. 5. Hoses refill the drum with water. Electricity turns the agitator again, and the clothes are rinsed. 6. A hose drains the water. 7. The drum spins the clothes to force out most of the water. continued on next page © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet 5 4 5 LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET 6 7 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L 8 Remya thought about how washing machines work. She knew that she must find a way to turn the drum without electric power. She thought about using a pedal to turn the drum. A person could sit on a chair to pedal. It was like riding a bike. At first, her parents and friends were doubtful. But Remya would not give up. Her determination paid off. Her father agreed to help her. During Remya’s school vacation, he paid workers at an auto workshop to build this new machine. When the machine was ready, Remya tried it out. First, she filled the drum with soap and water. Then, she added dirty clothes. She let them sit in the soapy water for ten minutes. Next, she pedaled for three or four minutes. This turned the drum and agitated the clothes. Then, Remya drained the soapy water. Next, she rinsed the clothes with clean water. Finally, she drained the rinse water. She pedaled one last time to push out more water. The whole process took twenty minutes. It was much faster than washing clothes by hand. Her invention worked! Remya’s washing machine changed her life. Her design won an important prize. The Discovery Channel India made a video about her. Now, she is an adult. Remya Jose still loves to invent ways to solve everyday problems. She still has great ideas and works hard to turn them into reality. Reading Comprehension Now answer questions 1 through 15 by filling in the circle next to the best answer. 1. Read these sentences from paragraph 5 of the passage. But Remya would not give up. Her determination paid off. Her father agreed to help her. People with a lot of determination MOST LIKELY A change their minds easily. B are not very friendly to others. C don’t quit until they get what they want. D have a hard time finishing what they start. 2. Read these sentences from paragraph 6 of the passage. Next, she pedaled for three or four minutes. This turned the drum and agitated the clothes. When the drum agitated the clothes, it 6 A made them wet. B dried them slowly. C stretched them out. D shook them quickly. RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission 3. The word electricity is spoken with extra stress on the A first syllable. B second syllable. C third syllable. D fifth syllable. LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP 4. What is the base word in impossible? A im B imposs C poss D possible 5. Remya and her sister must do the chores because A their parents are ill. B the electricity is often out. C their parents work long hours. D they travel four hours to and from school. LEVEL L LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET 6. According to paragraph 3, what does Remya love to do? 7. A design things B ride a bicycle C ride the bus to school D help out around the house The chart below shows events in time order. First, read the chart. She fills drum with soap and water. She lets clothes sit for ten minutes. Which sentence belongs in the empty box in the chart? A She pedals for three or four minutes. B She drains the soapy water. C She adds dirty clothes. D She rinses clothes with clean water. © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet 7 8. How does Remya’s machine change her life? LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET A She becomes rich. B She becomes an adult. C She wins a prize for her design. D She realizes that she loves to design things. 9. Which phrase BEST describes Remya? A rich and spoiled B meek but clever C poor but carefree D smart and creative LEVEL L 10. What is the MOST LIKELY reason that Remya’s parents and friends are doubtful? LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP A They don’t need a washing machine. B They are jealous that she is so inventive. C They aren’t sure if her invention will work. D They think that she should spend more time on her schoolwork. 11. Which sentence expresses the main idea of this passage? A Hard work is good for children. B Children must always respect their parents. C Solving problems takes imagination and hard work. D Washing clothes is done best without using electricity. 12. Based on paragraph 4 and the sidebar, what is the MAIN difference between an electric washing machine and Remya’s washing machine? 8 A Remya’s machine has a drum, or tub. B Remya’s machine has a way for soapy water to drain. C Remya’s machine does not use electricity to turn the agitator. D Remya’s machine does not need to be refilled with rinse water. RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission 13. The MAIN purpose of this passage is to A inform. B instruct. C persuade. D entertain. LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP 14. How does the author organize the section in which Remya tries out her machine? A shows cause and effect B gives main idea and details C uses compare and contrast D lists events in the order they happened 15. You can tell that the author of this passage LEVEL L A is a friend of Remya’s family. B thinks Remya is someone to admire. C is not sure how useful Remya’s invention is. D would like to own one of Remya’s washing machines. © 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. May not be reproduced without permission RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet LESSON 29: STUDENT BOOKLET 9 TEST PREPARATION LESSON You Will Need 29 LEVEL L • Level L Student Test Preparation Booklets • Think Together Chart 29 LEVEL L LESSONS 29–32 Name: Goals e Develop understanding of the terms passage, item, stem, closed stem, open stem, and option. Student Test Preparation Booklet, Level L, Lessons 29–32 including words that are bold, italicized, capitalized, or underlined. passage. e Apply thinking to multiple-choice items related to a familiar text. e Practice responding to multiple-choice items related to a familiar text. e Notice that some stems include a graphic organizer. e When you take a test, you will have passages, or texts, to read. Sometimes a passage is called a selection. Have students look at the passages, and excerpt from Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor on page 3 in their Student Test Preparation Booklets. The direction line above the passages tells you that the text is nonfiction. Read the passage, or selection, carefully. e After you read the passage, you will find test items to answer. Test item is another way of saying test question. Have students look at the five items on pages 3–4. Point out that the items are numbered. e Some test items are multiple choice. The first part of a multiple-choice item is the stem. A stem is a question or an incomplete sentence. Have students look at the items relating to the excerpt from Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor. Notice that some stems are questions. These are called closed stems. Other items are incomplete sentences, which are called open stems. TEST PREPARATION ( Optional ) Think Together LESSON 29 e Identify important words in item stems, e Determine the important information in a LEVEL L Leveled Literacy Intervention RED System Student Test Preparation Booklet e The second part of a multiple-choice item is a set of four options, or possible answers. After you read all four options, you choose the one that answers the question or completes the sentence best. Have students look at the options in the five items on pages 3–4. Help them recognize how options answer a question (in closed stems) or complete a sentence (in open stems). If you want to try out an option, it can help to rewrite questions as incomplete sentences. Place two stems on Think Together Chart 29. Here is a closed stem: (1) What problem does Layla have in the story? Here is the same item restated as an open stem: (1a) The problem Layla has in the story is ___. Restating closed stems as open stems can help you “hear” the correct option in the blank at the end of the sentence. e Explain that there is only one option that is correct for each item. Each of the other three options is incorrect for some reason. Sometimes an option seems correct at first. Yet when you think more carefully, you realize it is not correct. Sometimes an option seems very unlikely. Sometimes an option is actually the opposite of the correct answer. If you feel sure that any option is incorrect, cross it out in your test booklet. LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN 163 e Certain words appear often in the stems of multiple-choice items. Some of these common words are “question words” such as which, what, how, when, where, and why. Have students look at the five stems on pages 3–4, and help them recognize the question words. • If an item asks why, the correct option will be a reason for something. • If an item asks when, the correct option will have to do with time. • If an item asks where, the correct option will have to do with some place. • If an item asks how, the correct option will have to do with the way something is done. • If an item asks what or which, the correct option will have to do with an event, action, idea, or trait. e Some tests use special print to draw attention to words such as most, least, first, last, and not. The special print might be uppercase letters, bold letters, underlining, or italics. If an item uses an author’s exact words from a passage, those words are usually shown in special print, too. Have students note the bold sentence in item 1. e Also, some tests use diagrams or charts in some items. Have students look at item 7 on page 7. This item begins with two sentences that help you know what to do. You need to read the chart. Below the chart is the item stem. To answer this item, you will refer to the chart. [Students close their Student Test Preparation Booklets.] e Now let’s look at an item stem and think together about important words we find there (Think Together Chart 29). (2) Where does Robert want Sam to take him? e First, we’ll look for question words. Then we’ll look for words in special print. Finally, we’ll look for any other important words. Usually these are nouns and verbs that relate to some specific part of the passage. It’s a good idea to underline the important words so you can think about them more easily. (3) Where does Robert want Sam to take him? e This item is asking where. The correct option will probably be a place. After underlining the other important words, you have an idea of what the answer might be about—a place that Robert wants Sam to take him. If you don’t remember details about that part of the passage, you could look back at the text to find out. Here is another stem. (4) Why is Brendan unable to move in the water? e This item is asking why. The other important words give clues that the correct option will be about Brendan, water, and movement. If you want to test a possible answer, you can rewrite the question as an incomplete sentence: (4a) Brendan is unable to move in the water because ___. e Show the following series of stems, inviting students to identify and underline the important words in the stems. Write or glue each item on Think Together Chart 29. If necessary, help them restate closed stems by starting a response sentence using as many words from the stem as possible. After you read the stem and identify the important words, think about what kind of test item it is. (5) In paragraph 2, what is a synonym for faithful? e This item focuses on the meaning of a word. Here is a closed stem. (6) When does the story take place? 164 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN e This item focuses on setting, which is a literary element. Here are some more stems for you to read and think about. Have students highlight or underline important words. (7) What is Monica’s problem in the story? (8) Where does Carl decide NOT to go? (9) What is the most important step in preparing the soil? (11) To fix the bicycle, what does Marla do SECOND? (12) Which sentence BEST states the main idea of the story? e Have students look at the inside front cover of their Student Test Preparation Booklets to review the steps for multiple-choice items: 1. Read the stem and all four options. 2. Find and underline important words in the stem and think what the item is about. LESSON 29 Have a Try LEVEL L (10) Robert wants to join the club to ___. 3. Cross out options that are not correct and think carefully about the other options. 4. Restate closed stems to check possible answers. 6. Bubble in the correct option. e Now turn to page 3 in your Student Test Preparation Booklets. The passage is from a book you have already read, Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor. Read the passage to yourself carefully. When you finish reading, work with your partner to complete the five multiple-choice items. [Students read the passage independently and complete the 5 multiple-choice items with a partner.] Critical Thinking 1. Derive the meaning of a word from context. 2. Recognize affixes. 3. Identify key details in a text. 4. Make inferences about information in a text. 1. Read these sentences from paragraph 8 of the passage. work with She teaches people that praise works better than punishment. Because of her work, people all over the world now click and treat to reward their animals for jobs well done. The meaning of praise is A harsh words. B funny words. C words that tell a story. D words that show a high opinion. Thinking Within the Text 2. What is the suffix in easier? 3. The subject of Karen Pryor’s book was her A eas B ease C easy D er Thinking Within the Text TEST PREPARATION ( Optional ) 5. Select one option and check your choice by looking again at the text passage or passages. A dogs. B horses. C dolphins. D all of the above. Thinking Within the Text 4. What can you tell from the fact that many people asked Karen Pryor to teach them about training animals? A Karen Pryor is famous. B Animals seem to like Karen Pryor. C Many people want to train animals with praise rather than punishment. D Most people believe punishment is an important part of training an animal. Thinking Beyond the Text LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN 165 Critical Thinking 5. Identify the organization of a nonfiction text. 5. Which phrase identifies the way the author presents information in paragraphs 1-3? A time order B facts and opinions C order of importance D problem and solution Thinking About the Text e After students have completed the Practice with a partner, discuss any items they found difficult. You may want to select certain items in order to discuss the thinking they required (see lists to the left on pages 165–166). For instance, you might help students recognize how item 5 requires them to think about the organization of the information in the passage. On Your Own e Turn to page 5 in your Student Test Preparation Booklets. Earlier you read the book Remya Jose’s Great Idea. Today you are going to read an abridged version of that book to yourself. e Then, for each multiple-choice item, read the stem and all four options. e Find and underline the important words in the stem and use these words to think what the question is about. e Cross out any options that you know are not correct and think carefully about the other options. e Restate closed stems to check how possible answers sound in a sentence. e Select one option and check your choice by looking back at one or more parts of the passage. e Bubble in the correct option. [Students read the passage independently and complete the 15 multiple-choice items on their own.] Critical Thinking 1. Derive the meaning of a word from context. 2. Derive the meaning of a word from context. 3. Identify correct pronunciation and understand syllables. 1. Read these sentences from paragraph 5 of 2. Read these sentences from paragraph 6 of the passage. the passage. But Remya would not give up. Her determination paid off. Her father agreed to help her. Next, she pedaled for three or four minutes. This turned the drum and agitated the clothes. People with a lot of determination MOST LIKELY When the drum agitated the clothes, it A change their minds easily. B are not very friendly to others. C don’t quit until they get what they want. D have a hard time finishing what they start. Thinking Within the Text A made them wet. B dried them slowly. C stretched them out. D shook them quickly. Thinking Within the Text 3. The word electricity is spoken with extra stress on the A first syllable. B second syllable. C third syllable. D fifth syllable. Thinking Within the Text 166 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN Critical Thinking 4. Recognize base words 4. and affixes. 5. Identify key details 6. Identify key details in a text. 8. Recognize causes 9. Identify personality 10. Understand 11. Infer main idea. 12. Compare and contrast details in a text. 13. Infer author’s purpose. Thinking Beyond the Text Remya and her sister must do the chores because Thinking Within the Text 6. According to paragraph 3, what does Remya love to do? Thinking Within the Text 7. The chart below shows events in time order. First, read the chart. She lets clothes sit for ten minutes. Which sentence belongs in the empty box in the chart? A She pedals for three or four B She drains the soapy water. minutes. C She adds dirty clothes. D She rinses clothes with clean water. Thinking Within the Text 8. How does Remya’s machine change her life? A She becomes rich. B She becomes an adult. C She wins a prize for her design. D She realizes that she loves to design things. Thinking Within the Text 10. What is the MOST LIKELY reason that Remya’s parents and friends are doubtful? A They don’t need a washing machine. B They are jealous that she is so inventive. C They aren’t sure if her invention will work. D They think that she should spend more time on her schoolwork. Thinking Beyond the Text 11. Which sentence expresses the main idea of this passage? A Hard work is good for B Children must always respect children. their parents. C Solving problems takes imagination and hard work. D Washing clothes is done best without using electricity. Thinking Beyond the Text 12. Based on paragraph 4 and the sidebar, what is the MAIN difference between an electric washing machine and Remya’s washing machine? A Remya’s machine has a B Remya’s machine has a way TEST PREPARATION ( Optional ) A design things B ride a bicycle C ride the bus to school D help out around the house She fills drum with soap and water. B meek but clever LESSON 29 traits in a nonfiction subject. A rich and spoiled C poor but carefree D smart and creative A their parents are ill. B the electricity is often out. C their parents work long hours. D they travel four hours to and from school. and effects. motivation for people’s behavior in a nonfiction text. B imposs Thinking Within the Text 5. Which phrase BEST describes Remya? LEVEL L of events. 9. A im C poss D possible in a text. 7. Identify sequence What is the base word in impossible? drum, or tub. for soapy water to drain. C Remya’s machine does not use electricity to turn the agitator. D Remya’s machine does not need to be refilled with rinse water. Thinking Beyond the Text 13. The MAIN purpose of this passage is to A inform. B instruct. C persuade. D entertain. Thinking About the Text LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN 167 Critical Thinking 14. Identify the organization of a nonfiction text. 15. Infer author’s attitude toward a subject. 14. How does the author organize the section in which Remya tries out her machine? A shows cause and effect B gives main idea and details C uses compare and contrast B lists events in the order they happened Thinking About the Text 15. You can tell that the author of this passage A is a friend of Remya’s family. B thinks Remya is someone to admire. C is not sure how useful Remya’s invention is. D would like to own one of Remya’s washing machines Thinking About the Text e After students have completed On Your Own, take time to discuss any items they found difficult. You might select certain items in order to point out important words in the stems and to discuss how those words gave clues to students about the nature of the test item. 168 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP THINK TOGETHER CHART 29 You may wish to print these pages to display the individual stem for the Think Together items. (1) What problem does Layla have in the story? LEVEL L (2) LESSON 29: THINK TOGETHER CHART (1a) The problem Layla has in the story is _____. Where does Robert want Sam to take him? (2a) Robert wants Sam to take him _____. (3) Where does Robert want Sam to take him? Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied. LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 1 (4) LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP THINK TOGETHER CHART 29 Why is Brendan unable to move in the water? LEVEL L LESSON 29: THINK TOGETHER CHART (4a) Brendan is unable to move in the water because _____. (5) In paragraph 2, what is a synonym for faithful? (5a) In paragraph 2, a synonym for faithful is _____. Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied. LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 2 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP THINK TOGETHER CHART 29 (6) When does the story take place? LEVEL L (7) LESSON 29: THINK TOGETHER CHART (6a) The story takes place _____. What is Monica’s problem in the story? (7a) Monica’s problem in the story is _____. (8) Where does Carl decide NOT to go? Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied. LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 3 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP THINK TOGETHER CHART 29 (8a) Carl decides NOT to go _____. LEVEL L What is the most important step in preparing the soil? LESSON 29: THINK TOGETHER CHART (9) (9a) The most important step in preparing the soil is _____. (10) Robert wants to join the club to _____. Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied. LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 4 LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP THINK TOGETHER CHART 29 (11) To fix the bicycle, what does Marla do SECOND? LEVEL L LESSON 29: THINK TOGETHER CHART (11a) To fix the bicycle, the SECOND thing Marla does is _____. (12) Which sentence BEST states the main idea of the story? (12a) The sentence that BEST states the main idea of the story is _____. Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied. LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 5
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