Intro to Rome Exam 1 Review Cumulative 1.
Who was the Roman monarch of Sabine origin? Numa Pompilius 2.
Who were the two Roman monarchs of Etruscan origin? 1) Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 2) Tarquin the proud 3.
Which reform allowed plebeians to contest for the office of the consul? Licinian-­‐Sextian Laws CC 302/CTI 310: Midterm 1 Short Answer Questions [From Blackboard] 1.
Name three geographic factors that helped Italy to prosper? What role did the Straits of Messina play? Surrounded by sea, fertile plains, and mountains (protective but surmountable). More specifically, you had inland rivers such as the Tiber River. Straits of Messina allowed trade between the eastern and western mediterranean. 2.
In what region of Italy is Rome located? -­‐Latium 3.
What period and geographic location does the term “Villanovan” refer to? Name 2 features of Villanovan settlements. -­‐The Iron age in Etruria and Campania. Two features are increased size and huts were in clusters, (but had simple and political structures, clearly identifiable distinctions in wealth, formal layouts, or public buildings.) been inhabited for over two thousand years since the time period in question. It has since been buried or destroyed by more recent activity. 4.
What part of Rome was first settled? Where was the forum built? Rome was first settled at the Palatine hill. The forum was built on a marsh (that was drained) at the base of the hills. 5.
Why do archaeologists tend to associate early Roman monuments with famous people like Romulus? Make it more interesting → more money. To help preserve the monuments. People will be more likely to try to save an area of famous people than just hut #76 6.
What evidence do we have for the original hut settlements in Rome? -­‐ The foundations -­‐ “post holes” 7.
What is the cave of the Lupercale? What problem in archaeology does this highlight? The cave of the lupercale is supposedly where the wolf that nursed Remus and Romulus took them. The problem is that many archaeologists claim that this cave is underground, underneath the foundations of modern homes and as a result, cannot be recovered. No, the problem is not that it is beneath modern homes. Archaeologists must give findings dramatic names, such as the home of Romulus and Remus, and the Cave of Lupercale in order to attract funding, even if the archaeologists themselves realise that this is unlikely that specific location. 8.
Why did Aeneas and his men leave Troy? The trojan war had ended → search for new homeland 9.
How was Aeneas received by the native Latins in Larentum? What are the two versions that Livy provides about the peace negotiation between Aeneas and Latinus. How does Latinus strengthen the peace treaty with Aeneas? Initially, not well. The natives were armed and ready to protect themselves against Aeneas and his men, but after the confrontation, they were friends. In one story, the Latins and Trojans fight and Aeneas wins. As a result, the Latins become obligated to form an alliance. In another story, Aeneas tells the king of his journey and the king, who is so compelled, feels the need to take these men in and they both agree to a peace treaty.​ ​In both versions, Aeneas marries Lavinia, Latinus’ daughter. 10. Why did Turnus start a war with Aeneas and the Latins? Who was Turnus’ ally? How did Turnus die? Turnus starts a war because he was supposed to marry Lavinia. Turnus’ ally was Mezentius (Etruscan king). Aeneas kills Turnus. Aeneas don’t show no mercy. 11. How did ancient historians instruct their readers? Entertainment? They created stories to glorify heroes and villains? Historians wrote about historical figures living lives in ways that they wished citizens would live. "Set an example" through their characters, showing values and morals Romans should uphold. 12. How did a Roman audience view the embellishment of historical events and actions? As entertainment. They also took the moral values in them seriously, regardless of the questionable authenticity. For example, they considered Lucretia as a model of chastity for years to come. 13. Who were the Silvian kings? From whom did they descend? The Silvian kings were kings of Alba Longa (such as Amulius and Numitor) and descendents of Ascanius (son of Aeneas). I think if you said descendants of Aeneas, that would be better. 14. Why did Amulius send his brother into exile? Why did he force Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin? Who (supposedly) impregnated Rhea Silvia? He sent his brother into exile because he wanted to be king, and he couldn’t if Numitor was there since the eldest son became king. He forced Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin so that she wouldn’t have kids, who could potentially take the throne from him (or become pretenders to the throne). Mars supposedly raped Rhea Silvia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numitor​ <there’s family tree. 15. What happened to Romulus and Remus immediately after their birth? Why didn’t they die? Who eventually found and raised them? They were ordered to be killed. The soldiers who were supposed to drown them left them on the banks of the Tiber river, since it was flooded. However, the river tide receded where apparently a she-­‐wolf found and nursed them. Later they were raised by a shepherd (Faustulus) and his wife (Laurentia). 16. Explain how Romulus and Remus were descended from Aeneas. Ascanius was the ancestor of the Silvan kings, who was the son of Aeneas. Ascanius’ descendant Numitor has a daughter, Rhea Silvia, who gives birth to Romulus and Remus. 17. How was Numitor eventually re-­established as the King of Alba Longa? Romulus and Remus lead two groups of men to kill Amulius while Numitor distracted “all men of military age.” Romulus and Remus successfully kill Amulius. They gather the people and Numitor explained Amulius’s betrayal, how Romulus and Remus were born, brought up, and recognized, and how he (Numitor) was responsible for Amulius’s death. All the people unanimously proclaimed Numitor king. (Livy p 36) 18. How did Romulus and Remus decide who would be the king of their new city? What is this process called? What was the outcome? Why was it difficult to interpret? Numitor’s brother, Amulius, who claimed kingship from him was murdered. Romulus and Remus decide to take the augury of the gods -­‐ “take the auspices.” Remus saw 6 auspicious birds (vultures) and Romulus saw 12. Romulus claimed the power because he saw more birds, but Remus claims he saw his 6 birds first. It was a battle of priority (who saw it first) and number (how many more did one have than the other). They couldn’t agree on which was the deciding fortune. 19. Why did Romulus murder Remus? Romulus set to work with his supporters, digging a trench (or building a wall, according to Dionysius) around the Palatine to define his city boundary.​ which was criticized and ridiculed by Remus. As an insult to Romulus’ new rule and city, Remus leaps over the wall and is strangled and killed by Romulus. -­‐-­‐ “so perish every one that shall leap over my wall”