Seedless Vascular Pl t Plants Alli Coffman Jessalyn Toldo Brian B i Al Alunii Abe Holland Seedless vascular attributes Adapted for periodic drought survival Stomata Protected embryo Mutualisms with soil microbes True vascular tissue Still dependent on water for reproduction Flagellated sperm Propagules spread by water Seedless vascular plants come in four flavors: Lycophyta – club moss Psilotophyta – whisk ferns Sphenophyta – horsetails Pterophyta p y - ferns Lycophyta – club moss Attributes Dichotomous branching Leaves are “microphylls” p y 3 orders: 1 Lycopodiales - Club moss 1. Mostly epiphytic 2. Selaginallales Lycophyta - Spike moss lycopodium plant Resurrection 3. Isotales - Quillwort lives underwater Lycophyta Selaginella Lycophyta – club moss Life cycle Isoetes rhizophore •Heterosporous Heterosporous •2 views of the longitudinal section Microspores Megaspores Lycopodium strobilus microsporophyll microsporangia •Homosporous •Produces bisexual gametophytes microspore Strobil s Strobilus Lycopodium gametophyte Antheridia Archegonia Selaginella Strobilus •Heterosporous Microsporangium Megasporangium Psilotophyta – whisk ferns attributes Have microphylls Nutrients absorbed by y rhizomes Have protostele both stem and root Homosporous “Enations” Flaps of tissue, leaf precursors? Psilotophyta – whole specimen Psilotophyta – Enations Psilotophyta – whisk ferns life cycle Psilotum - protostele Stem Rhizome Lignin is stained red Psilotum sporangia Homosporous Sphenophyta – Horsetails attributes Epidermal cells = Silica Scouring rushes Hollow, jointed stem Homosporous p “elaters” elaters – spore dispersal Sphenophyta equisetum Equisetum stem & root •Stem •Eustele Vascular bundles •Root Equisetum gametophyte Antheridium Archegonium g Pterophyta – Ferns attributes Most M successful f l Megaphylls M h ll – branching veins Sporangia in clusters – “Sorus Sorus”” Annulus dries dries, flings spores Phlebodium aureum (Polypodiaceae) Pterpphyta - Ferns Sori Sorus Pterophyta - Ferns Aquatic Pterophytes Pterophyta - Ferns Family : Dryopteridaceae Crytomium falcatum Pterophyta - Ferns Sori Family: Polypodiaceae Platycerium sp. Pterophyta – Ferns Life cycle Pterophyta - gametophyte Prothallus is heart shaped and bisexual Gametophytes
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