Seedless Vascular Pl tans

Seedless Vascular
Pl t
Plants
Alli Coffman
Jessalyn Toldo
Brian
B i Al
Alunii
Abe Holland
Seedless vascular attributes
ƒ Adapted for periodic drought survival
ƒ Stomata
ƒ Protected embryo
ƒ Mutualisms with soil microbes
ƒ True vascular tissue
ƒ Still dependent on water for reproduction
ƒ Flagellated sperm
ƒ Propagules spread by water
Seedless vascular plants
come in four flavors:
ƒ Lycophyta – club moss
ƒ Psilotophyta – whisk ferns
ƒ Sphenophyta – horsetails
ƒ Pterophyta
p y - ferns
Lycophyta – club moss
Attributes
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Dichotomous branching
Leaves are “microphylls”
p y
3 orders:
1 Lycopodiales - Club moss
1.
ƒ
Mostly epiphytic
2. Selaginallales
Lycophyta - Spike moss
ƒ
lycopodium plant
Resurrection
3. Isotales - Quillwort
ƒ
lives underwater
Lycophyta Selaginella
Lycophyta – club moss
Life cycle
Isoetes rhizophore
•Heterosporous
Heterosporous
•2 views of the longitudinal section
Microspores
Megaspores
Lycopodium strobilus
microsporophyll
microsporangia
•Homosporous
•Produces bisexual
gametophytes
microspore
Strobil s
Strobilus
Lycopodium gametophyte
Antheridia
Archegonia
Selaginella Strobilus
•Heterosporous
Microsporangium
Megasporangium
Psilotophyta – whisk ferns
attributes
ƒ Have microphylls
ƒ Nutrients absorbed by
y rhizomes
ƒ Have protostele
ƒ both stem and root
ƒ Homosporous
ƒ “Enations”
ƒ Flaps of tissue, leaf precursors?
Psilotophyta – whole
specimen
Psilotophyta – Enations
Psilotophyta – whisk ferns
life cycle
Psilotum - protostele
Stem
Rhizome
Lignin is stained red
Psilotum sporangia
ƒ Homosporous
Sphenophyta – Horsetails
attributes
ƒ Epidermal cells = Silica
ƒ Scouring rushes
ƒ Hollow, jointed stem
ƒ Homosporous
p
ƒ “elaters”
elaters – spore dispersal
Sphenophyta equisetum
Equisetum stem & root
•Stem
•Eustele
Vascular bundles
•Root
Equisetum gametophyte
Antheridium
Archegonium
g
Pterophyta – Ferns
attributes
ƒ Most
M
successful
f l
ƒ Megaphylls
M
h ll –
branching veins
ƒ Sporangia in clusters
– “Sorus
Sorus””
ƒ Annulus dries
dries, flings
spores
Phlebodium aureum
(Polypodiaceae)
Pterpphyta - Ferns
Sori
Sorus
Pterophyta - Ferns
Aquatic Pterophytes
Pterophyta - Ferns
Family : Dryopteridaceae
Crytomium falcatum
Pterophyta - Ferns
Sori
Family: Polypodiaceae
Platycerium sp.
Pterophyta – Ferns
Life cycle
Pterophyta - gametophyte
Prothallus is heart shaped and bisexual
Gametophytes