An element is a substance that cannot be
broken into simpler substances by chemical
methods.
E.g. Heating gold
An element is a substance that cannot be
broken into simpler substances by chemical
methods.
Elements can be found in the Periodic Table.
All elements has a symbol.
Symbols are either based on the Latin or English
names.
All symbols start with a CAPITAL letter and end
with a small letter
letter.
The first 20 elements and iron
iron, copper
copper, zinc,
zinc lead,
lead
tin, silver, gold, mercury, bromine and iodine
Categorized into metal, non-metal and metalloid
according to their properties
Metal: Copper, Sodium, Magnesium
Non-metal: Chlorine, Neon, Carbon, Sulfur
There is a change from metallic to non-metallic
h
t i ti ffrom lleft
ft tto th
i ht off th
characteristic
the right
the
periodic table.
Physical Properties
Metal
Non Metal
Appearance
Shiny
Dull, non-shiny
State
Mostly solid
Solid,
Solid liquids or gas
Melting & boiling point
High
Low
Densityy
High
g
Low
Malleability & ductility
Malleable and ductile
Brittle (for solids) – can
break or snap easily
Non-ductile
Electrical conductivity
Conductor of electricity
Non conductor of
electricity
l t i it
Heat conductivity
Good conductor of heat
bad conductor of heat
Malleable: Can be bent and beaten into different
shapes
D til Can
Ductile:
C b
be stretched
t t h d to
t form
f
wires
i
Metalloid: Boron, Silicon
Silicon
Sili
properties:
ti
Shiny,
Shi
brittle,
b ittl poor conductor
d t
of heat and electricity
Exercise:
State the symbol, high/low melting point and
g
good/bad electrical conductivity
y for Iron and
Bromine.
Element
Metalloids have properties of a metal and nonmetal.
Iron
Bromine
Symbol
High/low m.p.
mp
Good/bad
electrical
conductivity
Metal
Non metal
Non-
Symbol
Uses
Chlorine
Cl
Bleaches
Helium
He
Balloons, airships
Nitrogen
N
Fertilisers
Oxygen
O
Oxygen tank
Iodine
I
Antiseptic
Symbol
Uses
Copper
Cu
Pipes, wires
Zinc
Zn
Batteries, coins
Aluminium
Al
Aluminium foil, drink
cans
Mercury
Hg
Thermometer
Iron
Fe
Cutlery, ships